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11-1-1995
The Library Development Review 1994-95
University of Tennessee Libraries
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Recommended Citation Lloyd, James and Simic, Laura (eds). The Library Development Review. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1994/1995.
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j D -=LI.1 ~ e-. ~ <';Olllributeti by Cherry. O'('OlllJcr ,I. ('1.1., Xa~h\'iIl(', 'rellll. The jmtly celehrateu and 'popular "TcnJl{'s~cc" Vy'agoll, liO fllvorably known througbllut tilp ;';olllhcru ::itale~, i~ llllHk 0/ l'arcf111ly select· cd, A.nd thoroughly sca"olled tlmher, .Llld beRt l(ftlUeS or Kent11cky and Tell1l('R~ct' iroll. Its oi!>Un guJi.,hillg-IClIlurl'" arc ib cxceedill~ LfGlIl':-.'E~S OF DRA FT autl DURABILITY. III appcnrance it Is lIellt and attra('tive, Ilnd in style and JiniHh i~ not excelI'd by any wll:,:on ill the IIlHrkct. We caunot ~i\'c it IL hiJl:hcr recommendation tlllm to ~ay we retuin ALII our olu CUl>lOmer~, :md lire constalltly milking new' ncs. Jt is ~old l.Iy lhe best denIers in evcry ~oulhertl State, Ilud is f,l"t Hnding its ,~ay to every [drIll where Il.f(ooo. Wl\gOIl is appreciated. Tn ~cven yc!tl'l; we have increAserl its !SIlle ten fold. Eyery wagon fully warranted. For l>rice lbt tlddre~:;, CHEltH)', O'CO:-;~ER .,1;0 (;0., Nashville, Tenn.
Newspaper advertisements, especially illustrated ones such as this one from The Rural Sun (Nashville, June 12, 1879), can teach us what life was like at a particular time and place in history. (See article on p. 14.)
n 1994, the University Libraries observed a milestone The wealth of knowledge that the University Libraries with the addition of the two-millionth volume to its offers reaches far beyond the confines of the campus, how collection. Two million volumes in two hundred years ever. There is a growing awareness that the UTK library marks a good time to pause and appreciate the value of system is a special resource to the people of East Tennessee. our libraries-and what role they will play in the next century at There are fewer than 100 university research the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. libraries in this country. Our library system supports the At the two-millionth volume celebration, Chancellor Bill business community in economic development, social ser Snyder called the library system the nerve center of campus, and vices, and thousands of individuals who seek information for that's what it really is. It rcally does pulsate with people, with personal growth, personal finances or recreation. It's certainly the ideas that are in the materials that we own or provide access used by everyone from business people to high school stu to, and with the interactions between our faculty and staff dents to community members who just want to find out more and our users. about something they're interested in. The nature of a research library is continued growth. Our participation in the University-wide 21st Century Campaign On the Cover gives us the opportunity to continue to strengthen our many With this cover we celebrate Tennessee's two hundredth year of resources and take the University Libraries into the next statehood. Bust of John Sevier by Jim Gray courtesy Marble century and beyond. Springs John Sevier Farm Home; portrait of William Blount by
Sarah Ward Connelly and doll belonging to Blount famil)' courtesy Paula T. Kaufman Blount Mansion Association; sixteen-stared fiag courtesy John Dean of Libraries Dobson. (Photo by Stan McCleave; see article on p. 7.) THE LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 1994/95 Edited by James B. Lloyd Associate Editor Laura C. Simic
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 A Word from Fred Stone 3 Tennessee, Racism, and the New Right: The Second Beckwith Collection by James B. Lloyd 6 I Responding to the Information Revolution: The 21 st Century Campaign by Laura C. Simic 7 The Flag That Might Have Been, 1 796 by John Dobson 9 Drink, Death, and Politics: The Killing of Senator Edward W. Carmack by William B. Eigelsbach and Jamie Sue Linder 1 3 I Giving in Memory and in Generosity: Mrs. Reba Q. Absher by Dana Bagwell 1 4 I Rags to Riches: The Tennessee Newspaper Proiect by K. Joslyn Quinn 1 6 I Humanities Collection Enriched Through Lindsay Young Fund by D. E. Perushek 1 7 I The Survey is in-Satisfied Friends by Dana Bagwell and Laura C. Simic 1 8 I WW II at Fifty by John McManus 20 I Andrew Johnson Claims a Third Corner by Cathy Chase 21 Private Dollars, Public Treasures 21 Investing in the Future 21 Library Endowments 22 Those Honored 22 Those Memorialized 22 The William G. McAdoo Society 22 Library Friends y involvement with the University Libraries came about in a very unusual way. During my tenure at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, I admired, but rarely took advantage of, the facilities. My father, Fred O. Stone, Sr. M.D., entrusted me with a varied collection of artifacts that he had collected from around the world during his twenty-odd years with the Army Medical Corps, among them being a velum psalter from 1536. After extensive research on my father's library, I was referred to UT's Special Collections Library. Upon calling John Dobson, the director at that time, I received such a warm reception that it opened my eyes. It was like all the people who helped establish Tennessee were all gathered in the Hoskins Library, as represented by its collection, with the beau tiful books and oriental rugs as a backdrop. Since my father loved East Tennessee, its people and the University beyond description, I knew right away that his priceless psalter had found a home. After I donated the psalter, I began to realize that an enormous part of the University evolves directly from its libraries, and I became involved with the Library Friends. The construction of the Hodges Library really got my adrenalin flowing. This architectural wonder and state of the art facility is Dr. Fred Stone graduated fyom the University of Tennessee, Memphis in 1960 with a degree in something that the whole state and, for that matter, the nation can dentistry. He is a member of UT's Benefactor's Society, the Library Friends Executive Commit very well be proud of. tee and the Libraries' William G. McAdoo It is very easy for me to say that my involvement with the Society. Dr. Stone is retired and lives in Oliver Springs with his wife, Helen. University Libraries has been a very rewarding and pleasant experi ence. My support shall continue in the future. ~e.~
Fred O. Stone, D.D.S.
2 THE REVIEW 1994/ 95
TENNESSEE, RACISM, AND Reed did, in fact, Beckwith in the THE NEW RIGHT: end up donating most of Church ofthe Nativity, THE SECOND BECKWITH that research as well as late 1950s. During COLLECTION suggesting several pos this period he had sible complimentary col begun to write letters By James B. Lloyd lections, some of which to the newspapers and Special Collections Librarian we have since obtained, was known to carry a The current attention that right wing like that of Tom Van gun in church. survivalist and racist groups are receiving in the Riper, who was an FBI (Beckwith Collection.) light of the bombing in Oklahoma makes the acqui agent on the case. The sition of the Byron De La Beckwith letters doubly best material, however, important because it is only through original re he could not afford to search into minds like his that these groups can be give us. This was a col letters, and there is no understood. Beckwith, who started out as a com lection of letters written better way to do that mon, garden variety racist, evolved into an apostle from Beckwith to his than to briefly para of the Christian Identity Movement and became wife, the former Mary phrase the account of associated with such far right extremist organiza Louise Williams of Beckwith's life and tions as Knoxvillian Buddy Tucker's White Seed, Knoxville, known to times drawn by Reed having been ordained a minister in Tucker's Reed as Aunt Mary and Massengill in Portrait of Temple Memorial Baptist Church in 1977 just be to Beckwith simply as a Racist: The Man Who fore returning to Louisiana to serve his prison term Willie, mostly while he Killed Medgar Evers? for an attempted bombing. This evolution is made was in jail in 1963-64 On November 9, clear in Portrait of a Racist, by Reed Massengi ll , awaiting his first trial for 1920, Byron De La on which I draw liberally for the fo llowing article. the murder of Medgar Evers. She had saved Beckwith, Jr., was born in Sacramento Cali When Nick Wyman, the unit head for them and given them to Reed to assist with fornia to Byron De La Beckwith and Susie Special Collections who often writes for this his book before she died in 1992. Yerger Beckwith. The elder Byron was the publication, mentioned to me several years This collection was offered at auction son of the first resident of Cousa, California, ago that he had met someone who was work by R.M. Smythe and Company in April of B.D. Beckwith, a leader in the movement to ing on a biography of Byron De La Beckwith, 1995, and we were the successful bidder. Now irrigate the Sacramento Valley. After a I found it mildly interesting, since we had had it sits in one acid-free box in the middle of my lengthy court battle, Byron had inherited a Beckwith papers in Special Collections at the office while I struggle to figure out how to tell considerable sum from his father's efforts, and University of Mississippi when I worked about it. I am unable to quote more than he and his wife of eight years were engaged in there. Little did I think that I wou ld now be snatches from the letters since we do not own living the good life in rural California. Unfor in my office surrounded by Beckwith's letters the copyright, and I do not think the owner, tunately, Byron also inherited a fondness for and working on the Library Development Re Byron De La Beckwith, himself, is feeling too alcohol, which may have contributed to a view again, yet here I am, thanks to the gener cooperative at the moment. But I have de series of unsuccessful business ventures, finally osity of individuals such as you, gentle reader. cided that that's all right, since I should leave bringing the family to the brink of ruin and This is how it happened. the analysis of the letters to someone more resulting in his death at the Joslin Sanitarium The someone who was working on the qualified. If I can simply present a likeness of in Lincoln, California, on August 10, 1926. Beckwith biography turned out to be Reed the man, you will have the flavor of the At that time Susie discovered that he had not Massengill of Knoxville, Beckwith's nephew, paid their grocery bill since 1923 and that the who had quit his job in order to concentrate family was virtually penniless. on it. Reed and N ick became friends, and Having little choice, Susie Yerger Reed, as sometimes happens, became inter Beckwith returned to her native Greenwood, ested in the Special Collections Library. One Mississippi, where she had been brought up a thing led to another, and before long we were proper and aristocratic Southern lady on Glen discussing the possibility of his donating the Oak Plantation. The Yergers, the Southworths, background research to his book once he had and the Kimbroughs were all related and had published. This was more than mildly inter long been prominent in the area (indeed, one esting because one seldom uses more than fif can still find a substantial Kimbrough planta teen or twenty percent of the information one tion outside Itta Bena near Greenwood). The collects for a publication, and because plantation house had burned, and the family Beckwith, while not perhaps the most likable now lived in a big rambling house on George character one might imagine, is certainly im Street in downtown Greenwood. It was to portant historically, and Reed's will likely not The Yerger home on George Street in Green this refuge that Susie and her young son, be the last book to touch on him. wood after years ofneglect, c. 1963. called Delay, returned in 1926. The house (Beckwith Collection.)
3 into the family home, much to Willie's dismay. On September 9, 1946, they had a son, Byron De La Beckwith, Jr., and they settled down to life in Greenwood. Unfortu nately this included alcoholic binges, to which they were both likely to succumb, fol lowed by a pattern of mutual domestic vio lence. In his career, if Beckwith did not do well, he at least did better. His exaggerated courtesy and southern gentlemanly bearing stood him in good stead. He sold candy and tobacco, then fertilizer for the Delta Liquid Plant Food Company. During the period from 1946 until 1954, Beckwith developed the patterns of Beckwith and his son show off new ties. behavior that would eventually propel him (Beckwith Collection.) into notoriety. He developed a fondness for firearms, especially antique ones, and spent the next year saw demonstrations in Green much of his free time shooting, trading, and wood, itself. Beckwith and Willie split again. repairing guns. He had always been a joiner, This time when he threw her possessions out and he continued, giving vent to his religious the window of the house on George St., enthusiasm in the Episcopal Church of the Willie moved to a hotel, thus rendering her Nativity. He enjoyed snappy clothes, good unable to provide any evidence about the en Beckwith practicing with one ofhis black liquor, and fine cigars. He sold his part of the suing violence. powder rifles. (Beckwith Collection.) plantation for $13,000, and bought a house Just after midnight on the morning of for Willie, furniture, and a new Ford convert June 12, 1963, Medgar Evers was shot from was occupied by Susie's mother, Susan, and ible. And he and Willie continued their alco ambush as he walked to his house. He died her brother, Will, and the tenor of the times holic and abusive behavior, often requiring immediately, and the rifle which was used was was set by flamboyantly racist Mississippi poli the interference of the local police. found the next day in a honeysuckle thicket ticians James K. Vardaman and Theodore Then on May 17, 1954, known as Black 150 feet away. It was a perfectly pedestrian Bilbo, who were at the time talking loudly Monday among Mississippi's segregationists, and untraceable army surplus 1916 Enfield about the "Negro Problem," otherwise known the Supreme Court ruled that separate but 30.06, but that was not the case with the as the Back to Africa Movement. equal educational facilities were unconstitu Golden Hawk telescopic sight mounted on it, Growing up, Beckwith was under the tional. This decision caused Robert B. which turned out to be the one Duck Goza care of his eccentric bachelor Uncle Will and Patterson to found the Citizens Council to traded to Byron De La Beckwith some another relative, Hunter Holmes Southworth, attempt to prevent the implementation of the months earlier. Furthermore, the weapon had an elegant Southern gentleman known as ruling, and here Beckwith found the cause for Beckwith's fingerprint on it. This was enough Uncle Holmes, who also moved into the which he had been searching. He idolized for the FBI, who arrested him on June 22nd. house on George St. His mother, who was Patterson and threw himself into the fight The arrest, of course, was just the start never strong, died when he was twelve. wholeheartedly. He spent most waking of a long complicated drama which has only Beckwith was never a talented student, moments working for segrega though his family tried to help by sending tion, began writing letters to him to several private schools. He graduated the editors of local papers, from Greenwood High School, tried several and became more passionate colleges, and joined the armed services in about his dislike of Blacks. 1942. All this did not make On November 20, 1943, Beckwith, a him easier to live with, and member of the 2nd Marine Division, was the Beckwiths went through wounded while piloting a landing vehicle to two divorces and remarriages. the beach during the invasion of Tarawa. The Each time Willie returned to wound was not serious, and he was sent to promises that things would be Millington Air Station outside of Memphis to different. This, however, gen work as an aviation mechanic while he recov erally turned out not to be ered. It was here that he met Willie, who had the case, and the violence joined the WAVEs over her family's protests. would escalate again. Things, They were married in Hernando, Mississippi, both personally and nation on September 2, 1945, and Beckwith was dis ally, began to reach a head in charged the following January after having the fall of 1962, when the unsuccessfully applied for admittance to University of Mississippi was Officers Candidate School. integrated. Beckwith at Beckwith's Uncle Will had a job wait tempted to join in the result ing for him as the ticket agent for the tiny ing fray, but was turned back Beckwith at home on West Monroe with his son and one of Greenwood airport, and the couple moved by the police. The summer of his favorite rifles, c. 1953. (Beckwith Collection.)
4 recently ended. In the Hinds County jail minions committing over three land he had bought in rural Beckwith was treated royally. Governor Ross hundred documented acts of vio Carroll County Mississippi, Barnett personally canvassed for funds for his lence. This reign of terror ended where he hoped to set up a defense, and whatever he needed appeared only when Bowers, himself, was movement of his own. Then forthwith. Barnett's law partner, Hugh jailed for the Neshoba County his friend Pauline Mackey Cunningham, became his attorney, and the murders of Andrew Goodman, introduced him to the wid contributions rolled in to the White Citizens' James Chaney, and Michael owed Thelma Neff, of Chat Legal Defense Fund. The prosecution, led by Schwerner and the Klan fell under tanooga, who shared his William Waller, had a good case, but they the scrutiny of a House committee political views. The pair had to try that case in Mississippi, where no investigation. were quickly married, and white man had ever been convicted of killing In the melee Beckwith con- Beckwith retired to Signal a black one. due ted an unsuccessful run for Lt. Mountain, which he called Beckwith was confident throughout Governor. When this failed in "the outskirts of Heaven." the trial that this tradition would continue 1968, he returned to Greenwood to This quiet period and was genuinely stunned when he was not work for the Barrentine Manufac ended abruptly in 1989 immediately acquitted. Twice the juries could turing Company selling boats Beckw.ith and his son at when prosecutors in Missis not reach a verdict, and by the summer of throughout the southeast. He home In Greenwood, sippi reopened the Evers 1964, known as Freedom Summer, Beckwith appeared to live quietly for the next c. 1957. (Beckwith case. Jerry Mitchell, a five years, though Collection.) reporter for the Jackson he did put in an occasional Clarion-Ledger, uncovered evidence that appearance at a Klan rally. Mississippi's state Sovereignty Commission, a Then on September 26, segregationist organization, had provided back 1973, Beckwith was appre ground information on prospective jurors to hended outside New Orleans Beckwith's defense team during the second with a stolen tag on his car trial. The NAACP called for a new investiga and a crude bomb on the tion, and the Jackson City Council authorized floor, probably meant for the state attorney general to reopen the case. A.!, Bornick, the regional Beckwith was arrested on December 31, 1990, director of the Anti-Defa spent seven months in the Hamilton County mation League of B'nai jail fighting extradition, and another ten incar B'rith in New Orleans who cerated in Hinds County fighting against the " had helped raise funds to trial. reward informants during the Then on December 16,1992, the investigation of the bomb Supreme Court of Mississippi by a close vote ing of Temple Beth Israel in ruled that Byron De La Beckwith would once J Meridian. This effort had more have to stand trial for the murder of resulted in the apprehension Medgar Evers. Reed's biography ends here, but of Thomas T arrants, one of there is, of course, an epilogue. This time the Bowers' disciples, in the act trial's outcome was not so favorable to Beckwith. and earned the enmity of In February of 1994 he was convicted and im the Klan. Also in the car mediately sentenced to life in prison, where he Beckwith apparently preparing to begin handing out None Dare CallI! were twenty copies of None presently remains, doubtless immersing himself Conspiracy, the book found in numerous copies in his car when he was Dare Call It Conspiracy by in whatever manifestations of the new right arrested outside New Orleans in 1973. (Beckwith Collection.) Gary Allen published by the have taken his fancy and blaming his convic John Birch Society, which tion on what he calls "Jewish prudence." was out on bond, back at work, and free to Beckwith believed contained irrefutable proof join the nascent Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi of a coalition between Jews, Blacks, and what led by Sam Bowers of Meridian. After a brief he called "sorry white folks." reconciliation, Beckwith and Willie split per And it was this coalition, of course, on manently, this time with Beckwith filing for which Beckwith blamed his subsequent con the divorce. viction and sentence to five years imprison Beckwith threw himself into work for ment in the state penitentiary at Angola. the Klan just as he had done earlier with the Here, since he had to be held in restricted Citizens Council, but a change began to occur quarters to ensure his safety, he would have in his editorial rhetoric. Through Bowers he plenty of time to read his Bible, study Wesley was introduced to Wesley Swift's Christian Swift's teachings, and make numerous other Identity Movement, which taught that Whites contacts among the new right, like his friend were the Lost Tribes of Israel and that Blacks J. B. Stoner's National States Rights Party, and Jews were offspring of Satan. Now Jews James K. Warner's New Christian Crusade were reviled along with Blacks, and Beckwith Church, Buddy Tucker's National Emancipa announced that he would be working full time tion of the White Seed, and Richard G. Beckwith and his second wife, Thelma Louise for The Southern Review, the official organ of Butler's Aryan Nations movement. Neff, in 1986 at a KKK rally in Pulaski, the Klan. The years 1964-67 were the heyday He emerged from prison in 1980 more Tennessee, birthplace ofthe Klan. of Klan activity in Mississippi, with Bowers' bitter than ever and retreated to a parcel of (Beckwith Collection.)
5 RESPONDING TO For 150 years, between 1850 and THE INFORMATION the year 2000, many domestically printed REVOLUTION: THE 21ST books were not, and will not be, printed CENTURY CAMPAIGN on acid-free paper. By Laura C. Simic Libraries link minds of the past, Director of Development present and future. The success of the 21st Century Campaign today will deter In October 1994, the University of mine the quality of the University Tennessee publicly kicked off the 21st Libraries' role as the nerve center of the Century Campaign, a drive to raise $250 campus and the community tomorrow. million to support the Univetsity's tri-fold The campaign's success will begin a new mission of teaching, research and public epoch, a turning point for the libraries service. The campaign, the most ambi that will accelerate the information revo tious single initiative ever undertaken by lution that is already taking place. the University, will help the University The onset of the information revo shape its mission to meet the challenges lution requires a specific strategy and im and opportunities of the next century. compared to what we used to do. It's mediate action. Four fund raising The University Libraries is partici everything from going into a graduate priorities have been identified. pating in the 21st Century Campaign by seminar and teaching to developing com raising $5 million to enhance collections puter-based instruction packages for Acquisitions Endowment Providing physical collections of and services. undergraduates. " print, microform, audiovisual and elec The University Libraries is first and The University Libraries not only tronic materials, supplemented by access foremost people-a group of experts who connects library users with information to information not held on site, enables provide information to users at the point resources located around the globe, but minds of the past, present, and future to and moment of need, and by the method serves as a keeper of the records of our connect and interact. Without access to the user prefers. New information tools, civilization. Throughout history, new the wide spectrum of information that is in the form of new technologies, are technology has not necessarily replaced available, today's scholars and researchers emerging to help connect the thought old technology. Television has not re cannot make new discoveries. The Uni and knowledge expressed in traditional placed radio; computers have not replaced versity Libraries is committed to making books and non-print formats such as pens. The preservation of both the intel available and preserving for future genera microforms, video tapes, audio cassettes, lectual content and the physical form of tions a body of shared resources. laser discs and computer databases. The information is a central part of the librar The Library of Congress' collection technology of the next several years ies role. grows an average of five percent per year. holds significant opportunities and sig "Advancements in paper making, This is an important standard by which to nificant risks. rising out of the industrial age, created a measure the growth of the UT Libraries' "Libraries are going to have to oper new set of problems for preservation," collection. With the current collection ate many different technologies at the says Dean Kaufman. "We went from consisting of 2 million volumes, it is our same time," says Dean of Libraries Paula papers made with rags and cloth to paper goal to expand our collection by approxi Kaufman. "Nineteenth century print sys make from wood pulp which is highly mately 100,000 volumes, in addition to tems and twenty-first century electronic acidic. The chemicals used to make the information in other formats, per year. systems will co-exist for many years." paper are literally burning the books from The combination of the escalating The University Libraries' faculty the inside out." and staff is the key to the suc amount of information being pub cess of the libraries. They are lished and inflation-books cost much more than gatekeepers 40 percent more and journals 100 to stacks of books. The chal percent more than they did just lenge of the next century will five years ago-stretches the li be to balance the demand for braries resources tighter and personalized services with the tighter each year. libraries' strongly-held com An endowment for the pur mitment to its mission to chase of library materials supple instruct users of the UTK ments the state's allocations to libraries in ways to best find, better respond to the information retrieve, use and manage the needs of our faculty, students and information resources they the region. It also allows the pur need. The libraries' ability to chase of special materials, such as provide these tools will deter the papers of author Alex Haley mine their success. or our first governor, John Sevier, "We spend more and or documents tracing the history more time every year on of the State of Tennessee. instructional functions," says the dean. "The amount of resources that we put into instruction is enormous The10hn C. Hodges Library. 6 Technology Endowment Harvard University with the Richard F. THE FLAG THAT MIGHT With more and more information French Chair of Librarianship. HAVE BEEN, 1 796 being produced in electronic formats, the An endowment for faculty support By John Dobson libraries must not only purchase the in would provide salary supplements for three Special Collections Librarian Emeritus formation itself, but the equipment to named librarian positions to attract and provide access to it. The libraries' on-line retain the talented library professionals There have been thirteen star fiags, catalog and more than 400 computer needed to carry out the libraries' services. fifteen star fiags, twenty star fiags, but no workstations provide information from The endowed librarian positions at the sixteen star fiags. Why? around the globe at the touch of a but University of Tennessee, Knoxville Librar Among duplicates from the T ennes ton. But rapidly advancing technology ies would be equal in stature to those in see Historical Society that recently came also creates an expense that did not exist other great libraries and enhance the im into the possession of the University 20 years ago. An endowment to support portant role the libraries plays in the intel Libraries was an interesting old report con technology would provide funds each lectual enrichment of the region. cerning changes to the flag of the nation. year for the purchase and maintenance of The University Libraries is at a critical This was the Report of the Select Com state-of-the-art tools to obtain informa point in the information revolution, and mittee appointed on the 12th of Decem tion available anywhere in the world. must evaluate issues of preservation, ber, 1816, to inquire into the expediency Preservation Endowment acquisition, distribution, instruction and of altering the flag of the United States. technology. New designs for the flag were con In only a matter of hours, a news "We must be able to support the work sidered appropriate because a number of paper that has been left out in the sun of our research faculty and students as well new states had been added to the Union. turns yellow and brittle. It crumbles at as the information needs all of the people of As every school child knows the original the touch of a hand. Materials including the region," says the dean. "A barometer of flag adopted in 1777, the one made by books published after the mid-1800s, the quality of any academic program is the Betsy Ross, displayed thirteen stripes, alter films, audio and video tapes are suffering strength of the library collection which sup nate red and white, and thirteen stars, the same effect at varying rates. ports it. After all, no one could graduate white in a blue field, representing a new Libraries have without the library." constellation. The thirteen stripes and the unique charge of "We've made thirteen stars also represented the original preserving the original notable accomplish English colonies from which thirteen inde records of the human ments, but we must pendent and united states evolved. The enterprise while mov keep moving for flag, as thus created, remained unchanged ing toward the future. ward," the dean con for about eighteen years. During this time About one-fourth of tinues. "Faculty, two more states-Vermont in 1791 and the University Librar students, and our Kentucky in 1792-had been admitted to ies' present collection community members the Union and desired representation on is in the process of dis need books and jour the flag. In recognition of the new states, integrating and in nals here on site, and Congress in 1794 enacted: "that, from and need of preservation . Audio-Visual Services in the Hodges Library. they need to have after the first day of May, 1795, the flag of treatment to protect It access to those that the United States be fifteen stripes, alter from day-to-day han we don't own here. That means building on nate red and white; that the union be fif dling, environmental conditions, insects the collection we own by purchasing books. teen stars, white in a blue field." and other contaminants. Such tech That means having the technology we need This was the flag used in the second niques include creating protective enclo in order to take advantage of things held war with England in 1812, the flag that sures for books; encapsulating maps, elsewhere in print or electronic form. Addi sheet music and other print materials in tionally, we have interrelationships be mylar; microfilming newspapers to pro tween the new and the old. We have an tect the originals from handling; and obligation to preserve those things that are digitizing information for use in elec important." tronic formats. The University revolves around access The knowledge, ideas and discov to information. Without that, everything eries of the past must not be lost. An stops. Education at all levels-graduate and endowment for preserving the existing undergraduate-terminates. Teaching ends. collection means extending the life of Research dries up. our materials for use by generations to When that happens, life itself is come. threatened. Progress is denied. Enlighten Faculty Support ment is spurned. Medicine is powerless. Endowed librarian positions have Tolerance is disregarded. 1777 become the hallmark of the nation's most What the future holds depends on prestigious libraries. Among these are Stan the holdings of the libraries. With the 21st /I 67"'" n "7"''£$ ford University with the Frances and Century Campaign, the University Libraries While the number of stars and stripes and their Charles Field Curator of Special Collec has an opportunity to be instrumental in relative arrangement was fixed in 1777, the form tions, the University of California, Berkeley the revolution that is already at hand. of the stars on the blue field was not, from Preble, with the James D. Hart Director of the There is no worthier effort than making life George H., History of the Flag of the United Bancroft Library, Yale University with the itself better, and information is the key. States of America: 1882. (Boswn: James R. Rose Beinecke Research Librarian and Osgood and Co., p. 248.)
7 inspired Francis Scott Key to From Preble, George H., History write "The Star Spangled Ban of the Flag of the United States of ner." This flag, without further America: 1882. (Boston: James R. changes, remained the national Osgood and Co., p. 248.) emblem for about twenty-three years. Tennessee was admitted to alteration could be made, more the Union on June 1, 1796, as emblematical of our origin and the sixteenth state, the last to be present existence, as composed added in the 18th century. of a number of independent and Although no other state was united States, than to reduce accepted until the end of 1802, the stripes to the original thir Congress failed to authorize a teen, representing the number change in the flag to honor of States then contending for, Tennessee. It was not until 1818, and happily achieving, their when four more states had joined independence-and to increase the Union-Ohio in 1802, Loui the stars to correspond with the siana in 1812, Indiana in 1816, number of States now in the and Mississippi in 1817-that PROPOSED STANDARD Union-and hereafter to add the flag was altered to reflect the one star to the flag whenever a new change. The alteration produced 1618 State shall be fully admitted. a twenty star flag. This change was made as a result of the work of the Select Committee who - reported as follows: ~«:' ,.•,.,,111 /Jlllll/WlRI!!!m!IBIPOIIUllDlllIWiIDI That they [were] ...well aware that ~*~~:--- I any proposition essentially to alter 1UIIIIIOIIIIIII_IHII1WII the flag of the United States, either ~~**~_ 1IItIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIUlDJDllllDUI1I1I in its general form or in the distribu UIIIftlllUlDllI1IDIIIIIUlllUAlIIIIIllIDDIDmalDlDDHIIIIIBmIIIIIIHIIIIII tion of its parts, would be as unac ceptable to the Legislature and to U~lIJlWIIIIlIlIllnsIlUUJUllUJlJUlIIIIJIl/I1IIlmIlIlIlllllllUUnm. , the people, as it would be !-UIWIIIlBIIUIIJIUlDIUIIDIIIDIUIIUDlIIUID!IRIIlUIIIIIlIIIIIUIUl incongenial with the views of the nil IIniOI committee.... The original flag of the United '78' States was composed of thirteen IS IrAR~ IS .TRI'EI stripes and thirteen stars, and was 1818 The flag with stars and bars for Vermont and adopted by a resolution of the conti nental Congress, on the 14th of The Navy flag, from Preble, George H., History Kentucky, from Preble, George H., History of of the Flag of the United States of America: the Flag of the United States of America: June, 1777. On the 13th ofJanuary, 1794, after two new States had been 1882. (Boston: James R. Osgood and Co., p. 1882. (Boston: James R. Osgood and Co., p. 248.) 248.) admitted into the Union, the na tional Legislature passed an act that the stripes and stars should, on a day fixed, be increased to fifteen each, to comport with the then number of independent States. The accession of new States since that alteration, and the certain prospect that at no :::: , if (c!!lW!!!!!!IIJW~ distant period the number of States will be considerably multiplied, ren der it, in the opinion of the commit tee, highly inexpedient to increase the number of stripes, .... The national flag being in general ta,a use by vessels of almost every de 1847 This 1818 flag made by Mrs. Samuel C. Reid scription, it appears to the commit ~ -IrA"$ '" srIUP£$ tee of considerable importance to was to be flown over fortresses. The Navy flag From Preble, George H., History of the Flag adopt some arrangement calculated traditionally had parallel stars, from Preble, of the United States of America: 1882. (Bos to prevent, in future, great or expen George H., History of the Flag of the United ton: James R. Osgood and Co., p. 248.) States of America: 1882. (Boston: James R. sive alterations. Under these impres Osgood and Co., p. 248.) sions, they are led to believe no
8 These slight alterations will, in the DRINK, DEATH, Over the last two days the newspaper opinion of the committee, meet the AND POLITICS: editor had been getting death threats from general approbation as well of those THE KILLING OF SENATOR Duncan Cooper, the power behind the who may have regretted a former EDWARD W. CARMACK administration of Governor Malcom R. Patterson. Cooper and Carmack had once departure from the original flag, and By William B. Eigelsbach such as are solicitous to see in it a been close, even working together at the and Nashville American. In fact, as head of the representation of every State in the Jamie Sue Linder Union. American Col. Cooper had given Carmack The 1908 killing of Edward W. his first job in the newspaper business. The committee cannot believe that Carmack, editor of The Nashville Tennes Despite this former friendship Carmack had in retaining only thirteen stripes, it sean and a former United States senator, and written two successive editorials criticizing necessarily follows they should be its aftermath provide Tennessee with one of the Cooper's role in Patterson's administration. distinctly considered in reference to greatest scandals in the state's history. Thanks Although these relatively mild editorials certain individual States, inasmuch to the generosity of donors, we were fortunate titled "Across the Muddy Chasm," and as nearly all the new States were a this year to purchase a series of letters written "The Great Diplomat of the Political component part of, and represented by citizens to Jeff McCarn, lead prosecuting Zweibund," did not, in the words of later in, the original States; and inas attorney of Carmack's killers. These letters governor Ben Hooper, "justify even an much, also, as the flag is intended to and other materials available at the University altercation," they propelled Cooper into a signify numbers, and not local and of Tennessee Special Collections, such as the murderous fury. particular sections of the union. papers of Senator James B. Frazier and Judge Meanwhile, Carmack nearing the Because of the above report the fol John K. Shields, form the basis for the follow governor's mansion chanced upon his lowing law was passed. "Be it enacted, that ing article. neighbor Mrs. Charles H. Eastman and from and after the fourth of July, next, the It was a cloudy, smoky day in stopped to talk. A loud, angry voice inter flag of the United States shall be thirteen November as former senator Edward W. rupted their conversation. "We've got you horizontal stripes, alternate red and white, Carmack walked home from the editorial all right, sir; we've got the drop on you." It and that the Union be twenty stars, white in offices of The Tennessean. As was editor was a threatening Duncan Cooper. a blue field, and that, on the admission of a Carmack's custom, he smoked a cigar while Carmack simultaneously attempted to new state into the Union, one star be added he strolled, often stopping to talk to friends move clear of Mrs. Eastman and pull out to the union of the flag; and that such addi and acquaintances. This particular evening, his gun. Cooper then shouted, "You das tion shall take effect on the fourth of July, however, Carmack was carrying a gun. tardly coward, you are hiding behind a next, succeeding such admission. Approved woman, are you?" Robin Cooper, Duncan's April 4, 1818." son, entered the scene. A volley of shots The return to the thirteen stripes of was fired. Shortly Carmack lay dead in the the 1777 flag was due, in a measure, to a rev gutter, having been hit three times. Any erence for the standard of the Revolution; of his wounds, particularly the one but it was also due, as the Select Committee through the back of his neck, would observed, to the fact that continued in have been fatal. Of his assailants creases in the number of stripes would make only Robin Cooper received the width of the flag out of proportion to the any sort of wound and his length, unless the stripes were narrowed, and was minor. Mrs. Eastman this would impair distinctness when viewed recovered from her shock from a distance. No act has since been and denounced the elder passed by Congress altering the features of Cooper. As she told The the flag, and it is the same as originally Tennessean, "I cried out adopted, except as to the number of stars in to him that I would a the Union. Thus the 1818 flag was the first thousand times rather to include a star representing Tennessee. be the dead man in the It might have been unwise to attempt gutter than to be him, a flag with sixteen stripes, but one with six after such a deed." teen stars seems made to order. And made to order is just what is required if a flag to honor Tennessee's entry into the Union be "Mr. Carmack .. .was about desired. With the lOath anniversary of six feet tall and well propor statehood quickly approaching, the sixteen tioned, red-headed, with a red star flag seems an appropriate symbol to cel mustache ... .He had a remark ebrate the bicentennial observance. If the able personality .... He was high Select Committee to inquire into the expe minded. He feared no man. He diency of altering the flag had been played no favorites. "(Quote: appointed twenty years earlier, the sixteen McKellar, Senator Kenneth, stars to recognize Tennessee could have Tennessee Senators, Southern been a reality. In any case, for your consider Publishers, Kingsport, 1942, p.472 . ation, the flag that never was may be seen Picture: leffMcCarn Collection.) on the covers of this publication.
9 Later Dr. McPheeters office, he was being urged manufacturers. Second, many of those with Glasgow, who had been sum to run for governor in 1908 money who had urged Carmack to challenge moned to the shooting, gave against Patterson. Patterson eventually turned against him be the following detailed account Carmack's colleague Sena cause of his prohibition stand. of the scene to The Tennessean: tor Frazier encouraged such Just how desperate Carmack's money a course, further pointing situation was can be seen in numerous let Senator Carmack was lying out that once Carmack re ters written by various correspondents to huddled up in the gutter turned home to Columbia Sen. Frazier during the course of the cam with his head up the hill. the idea would be irresist paign. Typical of these was a letter written His right arm was folded ible. Subsequently, Frazier by Frazier's political secretary and newspa under his head, and there was proven correct when in per editor Rutledge Smith after a meeting was a pistol lying just be September of 1907 with George Armistead, Carmack's cam yond his right hand. In his Carmack announced his paign manager. "Their position is obviously left hand there was the candidacy. pitiful and alarming. He [Armistead] had to stump of a cigar, and a copy Two primary focuses make a note for $100.00 to get through the of the evening paper was of Carmack's campaign week, and said the hundred you sent was lying near him. His head like a Godsend." was in a pool of blood, C I D Clla would be prohibition and o. uncan ooper, guern .. Governor Patterson's abuse If the Carmack campaign was short of which had run from his and conscnptlOn agent m the CIvil f d Th P . 0 par ons. e atterson funds the Patterson campaign was quite the mouth. There was a bullet War, was. the power behmd the. . po 1"Ltlca 1mac h' me was opposite. However, Carmack thought his lying just under his mouth. scenes m the Patterson AdmInzs- .. , depen dant upon wh' IS key opponent's excess finances would rebound to This bullet had come from tratzon.. . HIS anger over. Carmack , s money, Carmac k be l'leve d, his advantage. A point Carmack emphasized the back of his neck, and edItorzals led to the edItor s death. db b l' h' h' k an ya 0 IS mg w IS ey, in a letter to his friend Sen. Frazier. had loosened his front (The Literary Digest, Vol. 60, h rful' fl f t e powe m uence 0 teeth so that they were It is evident, however, that the whis Jan.-June 1910, p. 860.) money wou ld be d'Imm- . hanging. key men are actively organizing and ished. In his initial speech of the gubernato that the enemy will be supplied with a Various factors led to that fatal day of 8 rial campaign Carmack assessed, "in the big slush fund for campaign purposes. I November 1908. Distant in time were those first year of his administration Patterson do not feel much apprehension, how arising out of Carmack's first campaign for pardoned 380 convicts, nearly five times as ever, on this account because they public office. In a bitter battle, Carmack had many persons as Governor McMillin for a have already about all the votes they challenged and defeated the incumbent like period, nearly three times as many as could buy and when it becomes Memphis congressman Josiah Patterson, Governor Frazier, and twice as many as did known, as it will be, that they are am father of Malcolm Patterson. In the process Governor Cox." All totaled, Patterson par ply supplied with money, every bum, Carmack earned the enmity of the Patterson doned sixty-one murderers, forty-six boot crook, and grafter in their ranks will be family. Nearer in time and more significant leggers, and fifty-eight pistol carriers. after it and will get mad and sullen if were Carmack's unsuccessful reelection cam Ironically, in light of what was to be his he does not get his share. paign for the U.S. Senate in 1906 and his own fate, Carmack asserted: unsuccessful 1908 bid for the Democratic Carmack erred in his optimism. T en Violence and murder stalked through nomination for governor against Malcolm nesseans cast their votes, the majority went the land because crime has lost its fear Patterson. with the money, electing Patterson to his sec of justice. We are the most homicidal Political dynamics of the 1906 cam ond term. Carmack had lost yet another nation upon the face of the earth. paign-along with geography---carried political battle but was determined to win the There are more men killed by other Patterson and Carmack into conflict. Incum war for prohibition. Carmack would no men in the City of Memphis and the bent Senator Carmack was challenged for longer carry on this war as an active politi City of Nashville than in the great renomination by popular, former governor Cian. He would do so as the editor of Luke City of London with its teeming mil Robert Love Taylor. Then-congressman Lea's new Nashville paper, The Tennessean. It lions of people. When mercy takes Patterson was himself challenging incumbent was this pursuit of prohibition that led from the criminal his fear of the law it Governor John 1. Cox and defeating Cox whets the knife and then would not assure Patterson's victory in the loads the pistol for an While in office Gov. Malcom fall. Dissident Democrats, allied with Repub other victim. Patterson served the "whiskey licans, could carry the election. In order to power," but later, after his win, Patterson had to split Republican-domi Carmack's support for son was institutionalized for nated East Tennessee. He needed running statewide prohibition se insanity induced by excessive with him on the ticket, not fellow West T en verely hampered fund-raising drink and he himself was nessean Carmack, but East Tennessee's Rob efforts for his campaign. arrested drunk in a Nashville ert Taylor. This led Patterson and his First, his stance alienated the brothel, Patterson became as campaign manager, Duncan Cooper, to work whiskey industry, a major ardent a prohibitionist as to foil-successfully-Carmack's renomina source of candidate funds. Carmack had been. (Stephen tion. In the fall, the ticket of Patterson and Due to the industry's dissatis B. Ash, Messages of the Taylor carried the state. It was a bitter defeat faction with Patterson's Governors of Tennessee for Carmack, and he blamed Patterson. "Pat inability to keep his prom 1907-1921, Nashville: terson put the knife to me," Carmack wrote ises, Carmack might have Tennessee Historical Com in a letter to Senator James B. Frazier. been able to successfully mission, 1990, before p. 7.) Even before the defeated Carmack left raise funds from whiskey
10 The issue of The Nashville Tennessean announcing the killing of the paper's editor. (MS-788, James B. Frazier Papers.)
The theory of the prosecution was basi cally that of The Tennessean-a deliberate act of murder. The defense argued that Col. Cooper's approach to Carmack, albeit mis conceived, had not been violent in intent. Carmack had been the one who had pulled a gun first and first fired; Robin Cooper had killed him in self defense. While the widow of the slain editor \l huddled in grief behind the defense team, with her orphaned child near at hand, the witnesses were called to testify. Of these, two were particularly damaging to the defense. The first was called by the prosecution, Mrs. Eastman, and the second by the defense, Col. Cooper himself. As the nearest eye witness, Mrs. Eastman's testimony was incompatible with the defense's argument about Col. Cooper's peaceable intentions. Nor did she think it likely that Carmack had fired the first shot. Mrs. Eastman testified as she turned to seek shelter in a nearby archway, Carmack was holding his gun by the barrel. So soon after she turned was the first shot fired that Mrs. Carmack to publish the editorials that so Deliberately Planned and Executed in a Cold Eastman felt it could not be Carmack who angered Col. Cooper with such fatal results. Blooded Style," and leads as "Because he started the shooting. After the slaying of Senator Carmack, dared to oppose the might of the saloons in As to Col. Cooper, a few quotes will the Coopers left the scene of the crime to Tennessee, Edward Ward Carmack lies cold impart the tenor of his testimony. Under secure medical treatment for the slightly in death, three gaping wounds cry out for prosecution questioning Cooper made such wounded Robin Cooper. As a crowd gathered vengeance on his murderers, Col. Duncan B. statements as "Well, I have always believed around Dr. Rufus Fort's infirmary, Col. Cooper and his son, Robin Cooper." While that a man who kept a fighting tongue should Duncan Cooper paced before the fireplace some papers tried to take a more balanced keep a fighting body," and "I was not on a and said, "Doctor, I don't want anybody in approach, only the Nashville American at peaceable mission, I was on a mission to stop here unless it is the officer; I don't want to tempted to put as good a face as possible on this attack on me." By the time Cooper left shoot another man." Soon Sergeant Robert the Coopers' deeds. According to James the stand the defense strategy had suffered Vaughn and Patrolman Lee Sanders arrived Summerville in his book, The Carmack severe damage. to take the Coopers into custody. Cooper Shooting, Tennessee Politics Turns Vio After conclusion of witness testimony The elder Cooper was taken to jail and lent, on the day after Carmack's funeral, some and presentations by lawyers and the judge, held in the officers' chamber where he was Nashville citizens disrupted the paper's distri the jury retired to their deliberations. A day joined by future governor Austin Peay, chair bution by kicking piles of the Nashville Ameri later the jury reported John Sharp innocent man of the Democratic Executive Commit can into the gutter and setting them afire. but declared themselves deadlocked in regard tee, Michael Savage, and others. Here Col. Three months later on 20 January to the Coopers. Judge Hart ordered delibera Cooper was charged with accessory to murder 1909 the trial of the three accused men tions be resumed. The next morning and carrying a pistol; his son was charged opened before Judge Willliam Hart. exactly two months after the trial started r,. with murder while being held in custody at Appearing for the defense were prominent the jury declared the Coopers, father and son, the Baptist Hospital. Soon John Sharp, who members of the bar William Henry Wash both guilty of second degree murder. The sen had been with the Coopers just before the ington, a former attorney general, and John tence was twenty years each in prison. shooting, was also arrested and similarly M. Anderson, a former judge. Leading for With the guilty verdict secured, pros charged. Eventually all three would be held in the prosecution was attorney general Jeff ecutor McCarn welcomed letters of praise a large, single room. Only when the prosecu McCarn. McCarn, a Vanderbilt graduate, ftom across the South and the state. tion protested that this arrangement would was a fervent prohibitionist and an ardent The verdict should have read give the defendants time to coordinate their admirer of Carmack. His principal assistant "hanging by the neck until dead" for stories were the prisoners separated. was Carmack's friend Guston Fitzhugh of "that 27 yr old boy" (?) & life for de While the prisoners were being held Memphis. These two legal teams were to try bauched, egotistical, detestable, old the press coverage damned the Coopers as the case before a mostly rural jury. Press remnant of "southern gentle man of the "assassins." No publication was louder in de reporting had been so intense that only in old school" & ten years for Sharp ..." nouncing the Coopers than Carmack's own the rural areas could men be found whose newspaper, The Tennessean, carrying such opinion had not already been formed-or W.T. Miller headlines as "Murder Premeditated, at least influenced-by the newspapers. Porum, Okla.
11 "Ha, ha, ha; Jeff McCarn, Ha, Carmack playing with ha, ha: Jeff McCarn; Men may lie, his son in front of the thieves may steal, Hogs may howl, pigs family home in may squeal, But while old Jeff McCarn Columbia, Tennessee. doth live, They will all be beat." The son, Edward JT., Pastor George H. Thompson was to follow in his Hattiesburg, Miss. father's steps by becom ing an editor and a Since the assasination of our politician. (Harper's beloved leader and strenuous effort in Weekly, Vol. 51, certain circles to condone the crime 1907, p. 942,) that justice may not be meted out to those who carried the plot into execu tion, much has been said as to the high standing and immaculate character of Col. D. Cooper. I have no desire to pluck one star from the glory of his past nor add one inch to the depths of his present disgrace. But I send you here with a clipping from the Bakersville Review of Nov. 19 in which I find this language: "We heard an Old Confeder and created an independent slate for the elec Tennessean and other papers simply reflected ate Soldier, who was a strong Patterson tion. This was the start of the alliance be public opinion, supporter, and who was raised within tween the dissident slate and Republicans that When the press and public speak, poli three miles of Col. Cooper and well ac would destroy the Patterson machine. ticians listen. Despite the public uproar over quainted with his war record, say that On 13 April 1910 the Supreme Court the pardon, Gov. Patterson retained enough Cooper was a Guerilla Captain during met to announce its decision. Reading the power to secure the Democratic Party's official the Civil War." Court's massive opinion was Judge Shields. In nomination for reelection. With hopeless essence the decision was that Col. Cooper's defeat seemingly inevitable, Patterson soon A.B. Simpson threat and actions in approaching Carmack withdrew. Sen. Taylor was prevailed upon to Waverly, Tenn. were such that Carmack could only have a run instead. But even "Fighting Bob's" popu You have "made good". We are reasonable belief that his life was in danger. larity was not enough. Young Newport lawyer not a bloodthirsty people but we feel Cooper's actions constituted assault; and Spanish-American War veteran Capt. that we have a right to rejoice in the Carmack's actions were legitimate self Ben Hooper, running with the Republican fact that the law is still a living force in defense. Therefore the Court sustained the nomination and that of the independent Tennessee, notwithstanding the con conviction of Duncan Cooper. In regard to Democrats, carried the day, Enough indepen tempt in which it seems to be held by Robin Cooper, the Court ruled that even if dent Democrats and Republicans also won some who are high,-too high in his father had provoked the incident the trial gaining dominance in the state legislature. In authority. The result in this case is a court erred in not allowing the younger 1911 the legislature proceeded to elect Luke distinct triumph for law and order and Cooper to put forth a plea of self-defense. Lea, Carmack's publisher, to succeed Frazier in decency against heavy odds, and will Therefore Robin Cooper's case was remanded the Senate, And in 1913 after the death of stand as a monument to the skill, abil back for retrial. (Effectively this trial of the Sen. Taylor and an interim appointment of ity and fideliry of yourself and those younger Cooper never occurred because a Republican Newell Sanders, the legislature who assisted you. new attorney general connived with the elected Judge Shields to Carmack's old seat. defense to have a Patterson appointed judge Thus, the triumph against the Patterson S.M. Young order a directed verdict of innocent by machine was complete. Dixon Springs, Tenn. nonprosecution. ) And what of prohibition? Carmack's Inevitably, the guilty verdict was Even before Judge Shields finished killing had closed that question even before appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court. reading the Court's opinion, Gov. Patterson the trial had begun. A state legislature with a While the judges were in the process of decid issued a pardon for his friend Duncan Cooper. majority formally committed to prohibition ing the case, Gov. Patterson visited Chief Patterson explained his actions: "It took the had been elected-along with Gov. Patter Justice Beard. His message was that the Demo Supreme Court n days to decide this case and son-in 1908. Then as is now what is prom cratic Central Committee had suspended the it decided it the wrong way. It took n min ised in an election is not what is necessarily normal renomination procedure for election utes and I decided it the right way." voted for once in office. With the groundswell to the Supreme Court. The Cooper case Condemnation of Cooper's pardon was of outrage over Carmack's killing the politi would have to be decided before the commit national in scope. The Literary Digest started cians were forced to act as they had pledged by tee made its decision on renomination. its article on the pardon with, "It has been voting for statewide prohibition. Gov. Implicit within this was the threat that should reserved for Governor Patterson, of T ennes Patterson could only look on helplessly as the the judges decide against the governor's see, to demonstrate that a pardon may arouse legislature overrode his veto. The whiskey wishes they would not be renominated. Led by even more reprobation than a lynching." power that Carmack had fought, his death Associate Justice John K. Shields of Knox Other national papers were equally scathing. destroyed. Truly, as Nashville distillery owner ville, the court as politicians revolted against The Tennessean spoke for the local press when Victor Immanuel Shwab observed, "When the governor's threat to their independence as the newspaper proclaimed, "We are not ruled Cooper shot he killed Carmack, Patterson & judges, refused to accept party nomination, by murders, only their friends." By this The whiskey at the same time."
12 GIVING IN MEMORY AND Mrs. Absher remembers the end of IN GENEROSITY: the war vividly. "I was washing my hair MRS. REBA Q. ABSHER before I went to pick up my husband when By Dana Bagwell, Development Intern the announcement came on the radio," she said. "People came running out of their Mrs. Reba Q. Absher smiled when houses, and in the navy yard people were asked why she generously supports the Uni hugging and kissing and celebrating." versity Libraries and said, "I know it's what After the war she and her husband my husband wanted." returned to Cleveland, and she began her Her husband is the late Dr. Lee A. long career with Dr. W. C. Stanbery. Dur Absher who owned a family medical prac ing this time she and Queen divorced after tice in Knoxville. Dr. Absher died in July 36 years of marriage. 1990 from leukemia. Mrs. Absher has car While working for Dr. Stanbery, ried on her husbands wishes to promote Mrs. Absher attended many seminars and education and high standards of scholar medical meetings. It was at one such meet ship by establishing the Mr. and Mrs. Lytle ing in Honolulu that she met her second i A. Absher Library Memorial Fund, named husband, Dr. Lee A. Absher. The two mar for Dr. Absher's parents, and the Reba and ried three years later, and she began her life Lee Absher Library Endowment Fund at all over again in Knoxville. UTK; an endowment fund for the UT Tears filled Mrs. Absher's eyes when Medical Center in Knoxville; and many she spoke of her second husband's death. Reba Absher with a portrait of her late hus medical and nursing scholarships. "My wonderful husband's death 14 1/2 band, Lee Absher. Mrs. Absher shares her husband's years after we married was almost too much interest in medicine. She grew up in Cleve for me. I quit living for all practical pur land, Tennessee, and attended nursing airplanes, joining the millions of American poses. Last year after four years without him school in Chattanooga. One month before women who took on highly skilled work in I decided I was going to live, but I would her graduation, Dr. J . Tom Currey asked defense plants, as characterized by Rosie have to help myself," she explained. "I took her to work in his office, and she accepted. the Riveter. ballroom dancing even though I have been Mrs. Absher worked in Dr. Currey's office "Since the flap is the part of the wing dancing since I was 19 years old, and I am until he bought a 25-bed hospital where that slows the plane down as it starts to now taking computer lessons." she accompanied him as surgical supervisor. descend for landing, there is extreme air Mrs. Absher credits her friends from "My duties were many," she said. "I pressure against this part of the plane," Mrs. First Baptist Church of Knoxville, where had an apartment in the hospital, and I was Absher explained. "I was taught if a rivet she is a member, and friends from the Uni on call 24-hours-a-day." was improperly driven it would not hold versity with helping her in her recovery. Her duties at the hospital included against the wind, and it would pull out. Mrs. Absher is a member of the supervising all surgery, emergencies and The burden of this rivet would be then car Founder's Society, the William G. obstetrics, making all x-rays and keeping all ried by the rivets on either side causing a McAdoo Society and the UT Medical medical records. weakness in them. Eventually, the entire Center Campaign Steering Committee at One year after beginning her job at row of rivets could pull out and endanger UT. Her memberships outside the Univer the hospital, Mrs. Absher left it to marry the lives of the soldiers. I took my work sity include the Tennessee Retired Officer's Dennis Queen and became an instant very seriously." Club where she is an honorary member, the mother to his 6-year-old son, Ronald, and "My work on aircraft was an entirely Knoxville Executive Club, the Knoxville his ll-year-old daughter, Doris. Mrs new experience, and I learned a lot of Investment Club, the Rebecca Sunday Absher began working part time again things that have been helpful to me since School Class at First Baptist Church and three years later. that time," she said. the Knoxville Academy of Medicine Fear of instant motherhood almost Reading aircraft blueprints was an Emeritus club. She also enjoys gardening kept Mrs. Absher from marrying her first other important thing Mrs. Absher learned her home was featured on the cover of the husband. She was persuaded to do so by while working for the military. As a result, House and Garden insert for the Dogwood Queen's daughter, she said. she has drawn the blueprints for a rental Arts Festival in 1994. "I decided I wasn't going to marry house, two apartment buildings, the office Dr. and Mrs. Absher have consis Dennis and went back to Chattanooga. for Dr. W. C. Stanbery, for whom she later tently been monumental providers for the Dennis's daughter put on her very best worked, and her present home in Knoxville. UTK campus and the UT Medical Center clothes and came down alone to see me Before she designed her home, she mea at Knoxville. The circulation services area and ask me why I wasn't going to marry her sured every piece of furniture she intended of the John C. Hodges Library is named in daddy. I went back and married him," Mrs. to use. Then she planned and drew the honor of Dr. and Mrs. Lee A. Absher as Absher explained. blueprints around these measurements. well as the chapel at the Medical Center. Mrs Absher did private duty nursing During the war, Dennis Queen took They also established an endowment fund during the beginning of her marriage to an assignment at the naval base in Charles for the First Baptist Church in Knoxville; Queen before the World War II effort came ton, South Carolina. In Charleston, Mrs. and after Dr. Absher's death, Mrs. Absher to Cleveland. Anxious to be a part of the Absher went to work in the navy yard as donated a carillon to the church in his war effort, Mrs. Absher took a government secretary to the foreman of labor and trans memory. training course in aircraft inspection. She portation, a department of 1,200 employ In closing, Mrs. Absher summed up worked as an inspector in a division that ees. "I suppose this was my 15 minutes of her long history of generosity by saying, built flaps (brakes) for the wings of fame," she said. "Everything I do is in memory of him."
13 RAGS TO RICHES: THE for more than a dozen years. The USNP The program is overseen at the TENNESSEE NEWSPAPER was created by the National Endowment national level, but the projects themselves PROJECT for the Humanities in 1982 as a coopera are run at the state level with the help of By K. Joslyn Quinn tive national effort to locate, catalog, and funding from the NEH and training and Project Manager, preserve on microfilm newspapers pub technical support from the Library of Con Tennessee Newspaper Project lished in the United States from the eigh gress. The number of newspapers, the size teenth century to the present. The and geography of a state, the amount of Newspapers provide a wealth of program began with just a few states, but work previously done, along with other information to anyone interested in the now all fifty, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin factors greatly influence how a project is history of this country, the lives of its Islands are currently involved in or have carried out; often this causes newspaper people, and the genealogies of its families. completed their newspaper projects. projects to vary significantly from state to Newspapers document the historical, civic, National level involvement is key to this state. Nevada's project with about 800 legal, and cultural events that have taken program's success; not only are expertise, newspaper titles is very different from New place in a community and around the experience, and bibliographic information York's project with about 25,000 titles. world. They are an excellent resource for shared, but the detailed holdings informa Even so, much of the detailed work of the understanding the development of small tion recorded by one state's project makes cataloging and microfilming follows spe towns and areas throughout the United it possible for another project to locate and cific standards that are the same for all States and for providing a feel of the time borrow missing issues, thereby filling in projects. Also, the general setup of the and place of their publication. From the gaps or completing a run for microfilming. projects is similar. In each state a single lead articles, to job listing, institution organizes and man to the advertisements, ages the project beginning with practically every aspect of a a planning phase and followed newspaper-even the style by implementation phases. in which it is written-pro During the later, the project vides a glimpse of a specific encompasses the cataloging time and place in history. and microfilming of the news Despite the great paper holdings in often hun potential these "rags" have dreds of smaller institutions in as an historic resource, they the state. The UTK Libraries is are often under utilized the managing institution for because of obstacles users Tennessee's newspaper project. encounter. A common The initial planning problem is that most were phase of the Tennessee News printed on wood pulp paper paper Project was carried out which becomes acidic over in 1994 with a one year grant time and deteriorates rap from NEH. In that period hun idly; many are now too dreds of possible newspaper fragile to allow much use repositories across the state and are certainly not in any were contacted about their condition to be sent from newspaper holdings. Based on library to library on interli the results of that survey, plans brary loan. Another were developed for the catalog problem is the lack of com ing and microfilming imple prehensive access to news mentation phases. A proposal paper collections; simply for the first cataloging phase locating particular newspa was submitted to NEH in pers has often been very November 1994, and, as a difficult if not impossible. result, a grant was awarded for The Tennessee Newspaper a twenty-two month project Project is working to solve which began July 1, 1995. these problems by preserv During this first imple ing and making accessible mentation phase, newspapers the American newspapers on microfilm at the Tennessee held in Tennessee so these "riches" will be available for present and future The front page of the first issue of generations. Tennessee's first newspaper, The Although the Ten Knoxville Gazette, published nessee Newspaper Project NovemberS, 1791, when Tennes implementation phase is see was still part of the "Territory of just getting underway, the the United States of America south United States Newspaper of the river Ohio." (Photo from Program (USNP), of which microfilm produced by the Tennes it is part, has been active see State Library and Archives.)
14 tplttrl:ct!OQ lillWOkkeepln•• PeQlnan.bfp. Atl!tlm!:"U" ktid 40.... 1'b;~ deaklng a qQiN home mAY .I'Pf)' a; t.be Se~CQl1i b'!1,Ut: frv:n Th.I.tJ nellue, fn ~tne".ur.t .treet, \orlr.f'utt. l~nE NEW YORK HERALD. ~~i'A~~~~~t¥r; rto:'~i~r~Cob~- [I or al1dle~. ------.- --. =='~~= OOKKEEPINO. DUSINEss-wnlTT."a. ~Rmi\iE. BOt::.~w!K\'o:1L~Ij:~~~·f~~~~ :!~.B!;.i~ :-10 ue:w. SEW Y(\UK, 'fIJJlSDAY, SQ\'L1Un:1t :.. I~ lIUYI.I H[~v.l'_ I'RKK TUtti.:. B tlt.-)Jr, DOL'BEAR. cot Broad.way, keep. tbe tao;t"at U.)O. II.bOtlt 1h'o mla(Jtts' walk from ('ilbl1"r If'rl'i' prtv"te (:~~;I;~~~!r~~~IU;al!~ l!~Wa'4~°r:I'o~n:f c:rn;::, Po~~~ ~;~I~tg ~O~:';:l~~W;:~~: reftnac.t 1'e
BO!I~l:~~Gtffl:-!~'~~: td~:~~ 1\ r~r,rs~~:~gt:;!~tl~~ I),ell. at 3J Glint{JC piaCt\ Utghth nleot. a few door. we.~ fif .'it [11 IlWIU\(t B~;:t~~;"n !~?~n~Ip11!:~I~!;~-;;r:~g~;~~~~ J.oeJ.HOtl d~jrable, between l'~ultw aDd W.U Itreet ferrlie•. A :~("r~~tt,:f~~~~~kte~,i~~~;',1 ~}~i~tt~~ti(;~t-'.:10!:n~~ R-1'('.~,:n<...'C.~.:.:..:.ireJ. From the Civil War map of the Knoxville area on the front page to the "want ads" on page eleven, this single issue ofThe New York Herald illustrates the diversity of information that can be found in newspapers. Notice the Tennessee River was still called the Holston River at that time, furnished rooms with "all the modem improvements" could be rented in New York for $1.50 per week, and personal adds, though worded differently, were used even then to find a spouse. (The New York Herald, Tuesday, Nov. 24, 1963,p.11.)
State Library in Nashville and in original 1960s, and from every state in between. different or unique newspaper titles. And paper format in the UTK Special Collec Foreign language papers are also part of the even though quite a few of these are tions Library are being cataloged into a project as long as they were published in related papers, that is, they are previous, database at the Online Computer Library the United States. The Russian paper subsequent, merged, or divided titles, each Center (OCLC), an international library Novoe Russkoe Slovo published in New York gets its own bibliographic record. Such a network that is accessible through the City and the Journal Francais D'Amerique family group of papers can get as large as Internet and through thousands of libraries from San Francisco, are examples held in twenty-five or more related titles and can and colleges throughout the United States Tennessee. be as complicated as any family tree. As and around the world. The State Library Since some papers are held by more the project continues these relationships was chosen as the first site for cataloging that one institution (The New York Times will be investigated and included in the because it holds the largest collection of is held by fifty-seven of the survey respon catalog record. Tennessee newspapers. dents), the 11,000 newspapers reported to About half of the 6,000 unique titles Though work with the individual the project actually represent about 6,000 are of newspapers published in Tennessee. newspapers has just begun, much informa They include Tennessee's first newspaper, tion about papers held in the state has The Knoxville Gazette, (which began in been gathered from the survey. Ranging 1791, five years before Tennessee became a from a single newspaper title at some, to state) through Tennessee's current papers. several thousand at a few of the larger Titles run the gamut from A to Z, or from repositories, so far about 11,000 newspa The Academist published in the 1840's in pers have been reported to the project Lawrenceburg to The Zion Methodist from from about 200 institutions across the Knoxville. Almost three hundred different state. The information acquired from the newspapers were published in Knoxville survey is now part of the project's in-house alone over the past two hundred years database which is used to organize and according to the survey data. plan the cataloging, union listing, and Throughout the project, staff will later, the microfilming. This database is continue to track down newspaper hold quite extensive and contains information ings and update survey data; there are still on titles, types of papers, languages, places quite a few newspaper repositories that of publication, and date spans, to name but have as yet to be heard from. In future a few of the different kinds of data available. phases of the project, the staff will be going The geographical coverage is par ticularly extensive; Tennessee institutions hold papers from The Eastern Argus pub lished in Maine in the early 1800s, to The A few of the hundreds of Tennessee newspapers Roach, an underground newspaper, pub that will be cataloged in this phase of the Tennes lished in Haleiwa, Hawaii, in the late see Newspaper Project.
15 to many of the newspaper repositories HUMANITIES COLLECTION A few of the purchases will add throughout the state, such as public librar ENRICHED THROUGH new volumes to materials that the Librar ies, courthouses, and newspaper offices, to LINDSAY YOUNG FUND ies acquires as they are published. One catalog their holdings or perhaps to borrow By D.E. Perushek example is a supplement to a CD-ROM issues to complete a run for microfilming. Associate Dean, of complete works of philosophers called Archival microfilming of newspapers pub Collection Services Past Masters; this year we will purchase lished in Tennessee will be one of the later the portions on John Locke, David Hume, phases of the project so the runs of newspa Through the generosity of Lindsay Henry Sidgwick and George Santayana. pers being filmed can be as complete as Young, Esquire, the University Libraries Another example is The Eighteenth Cen possible. Since the State Library has been was able to establish, in 1989, a fund for tury Collection, a massive microfilm col microfilming Tennessee newspapers for the purchase of important materials in lection of published English materials in almost forty years, this project has a big the humanities that enhance the quality all subjects that is being issued in hun head start in that area. There are still, of the University of Tennessee's research dreds of units; the units already in the however, many missing issues to locate and collection. Each year faculty are solicited libraries are used by faculty as well as film and quite a few titles that have not for recommendations of important pri graduate students. Another title, Early been filmed at all. mary source materials they and their stu Western Book 1500-1599: The Ottoman In the past, the gold mine of infor dents will use for scholarly purposes, and Empire and The Mediterranean, gathers on mation contained in newspapers has often a committee of teaching and library fac microfiche 294 early books on East-West been left unexplored because of the diffi ulty chooses from among those recom relations, trade and travel from Europe to culties in finding and getting to it. This in mendations. Through Mr. Young's the Ottoman Empire and beyond. combination with the fact that newspapers handsome gift, the Libraries has added The arts are well-represented in are rapidly deteriorating has created a criti titles to its collections that facilitate this year's body of chosen titles. They cal situation which necessitates quick scholarly endeavors at the highest level. include works of seven composers span action. The United States Newspaper Pro The committee this year was com ning several centuries, videos of African gram and the Tennessee Newspaper prised of Paul Bergeron (History), Russ music, slides of architecture, interiors and Project are working so that these Ameri Clement (Libraries), Stanton Garner furniture, volumes of the Allgemeines can "rags" can soon be easily mined for the (History), Phil Hamlin (Philosophy), Kunstler-Lexikon (Artists of the World precious "riches" they contain. Nancy Lauckner (Germanic and Slavic Throughout All Ages), and of Kokka, the Languages), Judy Oliva (Theatre), lushly-illustrated journal of Japanese art. Stephen Young (Music) and Diane A microfilm of the trade journal Film J" Perushek, chair (Libraries). Their delib Daily from 1928 to 1948 will enrich the erations focused on selecting from the Libraries' holdings in contextual histori recommended titles those with the most cal criticism for cinema studies. value for academic research. Of the ten This year's selections reflect the titles finally named for purchase, one catholic interests of UT's researchers in title, the general catalog of printed books the humanities. Moreover, they are from the National Library of Spain indicative of the multiformity of library (Cawlogo General des Libros Impresos materials available today-aside from hasta 1981, Bibilioteca Nacional Madrid), printed books, we will also be acquiring adds a resource in the area of Spanish microfilm, microfiches, slides, videos and culture and history that will greatly CD-ROMs covering materials from the expand the Libraries' holdings. sixteenth century to the present day.
The 1995 Lindsay Young Endowment selection committee includes: (seated, left to right) Dr. Nancy Lauckner, associate professor of German and Slavic languages; Mr. Russ Clement, reference service coordinator for the humanities, University Libraries; (standing, left to right) The ragged condition of the University's only Dr. Phillips Hamlin, assistant original paper issue of Tennessee's first news professor philosophy; paper, The Knoxville Gazette (Nov. 13, of Ms . Diane Perushek, associate dean 1805) , demonstrates the importance of archival for collection services, University microfilm. The Tennessee State Library and Libraries. Archives has filmed many issues of this and other Tennessee papers but many are yet to be found and preserved on microfilm.
16 THE SURVEY IS IN colored scraps of legends, ballads, SATISFIED FRIENDS fragments of rural life and local tragedy, By Dana Bagwell and I piece them together into a complex Development Intern whole that tells not only a story but also and a deeper truth about the culture of the Laura C. Simic mountain South." Director of Development In her books, McCrumb explores Appalachian ties with a British and For the first time since the forma Celtic past and relates present-day Appa tion of the organization six years ago, the lachia to its history. Her goal, she said, is Library Friends conducted \l member sat to proclaim that the culture of the moun isfaction survey. Resoundingly, Library tains is something worth preserving and Friends are pleased with the organization worth celebrating. and with the University Libraries' ser The question, "What do you think vices and plan to continue their support when you see or hear the word 'obscene'?" of the libraries in the future. began the 1995 spring Library Friends "The library is the heart of the uni Lecture. Dwight Teeter, dean of the Dwight Teeter versity," said one respondent, "not the UTK College of Communications and arena or stadium." Another replied, public. As a scientist, Djerassi led a small well-known First Amendment scholar, "Libraries and books are the greatest team to synthesize the first steroid effec discussed "How To Be A Censor" with a physical treasure of my life." A third tive as a contraceptive pill. The winner combination of thought-provoking ques offered, "We have a good library. Keep of many scientific tions, history and up the good work!" awards, including the humor. His lecture Throughout the past year, under 1992 Priestly Medal chronicled the the leadership of Library Friends Chair (the highest award of course of obscenity Mike Jaynes, the Library Friends contin the American Chemi laws and anti ued to generate support and visibility for cal Society), decided obscenity activism the University Libraries though its during a traumatic and previewed programming. period in his life that what the future of Last fall, the Library Friends Out he wanted to try obscenity litiga standing Service Award was presented to something completely tion might be as it Dr. Gary Purcell, emeritus professor of different and thus relates to freedom Information Sciences. Dr. Purcell was became an author of of speech and the recognized for his leadership in creating fiction. His novels United States partnerships between the School of include The Bourbaki Constitution. Information Sciences and the University Gambit and Cantor's "So who Libraries and his notable contributions to Dilemma in which he defines obscenity?" the field of librarianship. A colleague of portrays the work and Carl Djerassi (right) has a post-lecture chat with Teeter posed. Dr. Purcell wrote in his nomination that, behavior of scientists Library Friend Stephen Friedlander (left). "Courts have tried "Dr. Purcell has made significant contri while weaving grip to adopt guiddines butions to libraries and librarianship ping and suspenseful stories around the for obscenity and are still trying. To this through his academic vision, leadership, characters. He has also published a criti day, obscenity laws are not clearly teaching and counseling. cally acclaimed autobi defined. Everyone has a different opinion Dr. Purcell has given a part ography, The Pill, Pygmy of what is obscene." Is it a question that of himself to all those who Chimps, and Degas' can be answered? have come into contact Horse, in which he with him. In honoring him, reflects on the conse the University Libraries in quences of his life's turn will be honored." work. The Dr. and Mrs. Award-winning AH. Lancaster Library mystery writer Sharyn Friends Lecture Series McCrumb joined the brought in distinguished Library Friends as the authors to provide enter 1995 winter lecturer. In taining programs on the her Ballad Series of topics of science in fiction, three novels, If Ever I the mountain South and Return, Pretty Peggy-O, censorship. Gary Purcell The Hangman's Beautiful Sharyn McCrumb answers a question The fall lecture Daughter and She Walks from a Library Friend fan. featured Dr. Carl Djerassi, scientist These Hills, McCrumb portrays northeast turned-author who created his own liter Tennessee as a land at odds with both its ary genre called "science-in-fiction" to national stereotype and its own history. smuggle serious topics of scientific behav "My books are like Appalachian ior into the consciousness of the general quilts," McCrumb said. "I take brightly
17 WW II AT FIFTY By John McManus Executive Assistant, Center for the Study of War and Society
Thanks to the efforts of UTK history professor, Charles W. Johnson, the stories of individual American ser vicemen and women in World War II will not be lost to scholars. Johnson began the World War II Veterans Project in 1984 to collect and preserve the sto ries of ordinary servicemen and women in World War II. He is particularly inter ested in what the war was like for junior officers, NCOs and other enlisted per sonnel. To date, the collection includes several hundred oral histories and taped interviews in addition to numerous let ters, diaries, memoirs, unit histories, newspaper clippings, photographs and official war-related documents. The col Dr. Johnson in the Center for the Study of War and Society. lection, housed in the Special Collec tions Library, occupies two hundred and For that purpose, in 1988 he founded the around in significant numbers and irre twenty linear feet of shelf space and con Center for the Study of War and Society, placeable history will be forever lost. tains several hundred thousand indi which is located in Hoskins Library. He Accordingly, he and I constantly corre vidual pieces. It is open to any and all obtained an operating budget from the spond with veterans, collect material, interested researchers. College of Arts and Sciences, which has and conduct interviews. There are scrap Johnson, who joined the History allowed him to employ a graduate assis books of photographs from such distant Department in 1965, decided in the early tant, and for the past three years, while locales as North Africa and Saipan. 1980s that most World War II history working towards my Ph.D., I have Interested researchers can find out first had been written from the viewpoint of worked for him as both his assistant and hand what it was like to serve aboard the the generals and politicians-those at his student. In that time, I have seen the USS Kanawha when it was sunk in a the top. In his view, the story of the collection double in size. naval battle off Guadalcanal. Or they can everyday soldiers, sailors and airmen The Center will try to collect read the words of numerous veterans who needed to be told. When in 1984 he material on all of America's wars, but for flew deadly combat missions over Ger began interviewing veterans, the response now World War II is the focus. Johnson many. Want to find out what it was like was overwhelming, and Johnson saw his feels very strongly that now is the time to be a prisoner of the Germans or Japa project grow to the point where he for the WW II vets to tell their stories. nese? The collection has plenty of ac needed a full-time office to deal with it. In ten or fifteen years, they may not be counts which tell the story in great detail. Since the WW II Veterans Project Marines in combat, Garapan, Saipan. (Photo by contributor Lawrence Barker, Jr.) collects individual, true-life testimonies, • iii iii iii i i F :=&&4lI4CQ JWWifI=.4t&& it is marvelously diverse. Some may have served in an obscure corner of the war that has gone largely unchronicled. Oth ers may have charged ashore in the first wave on D-Day. Every single American who served in WW II had, in some way, a unique experience. If they do not tell it, no one else will. This is why the Cen ter collects primary source material, original accounts. These letters, personal accounts, diaries, photographs, newspa pers and official documents from the time period constitute an outstanding source for historians. However, many veterans do not have anything left on paper from their service, so Johnson sim ply asks them to tell their story in any manner with which they are comfortable. That can range from a personal inter view, to a self-taped oral history, to a written memoir (you might be surprised
18 Dr. Johnson with two of his veterans. From left to right: Edgar Wilson, Johnson, and Colonel John Leake.
Dr. Edward Drea of the Center for Mili tary History in Washington. As it enters its eleventh year of existence, the WW II Veterans Project has clearly taken on a life of its own. It has grown from an idea to a far-reaching, Mitsubishi Steel Works after atomic bomb, Nagasaki, 1945. (Photo by Lawrence Barker, Jr.) self perpetuating, historical project. Much of the material is now generated how many WW II vets use word processors). solely by word of mouth; one veteran The result of this approach will tells another about the project and he or speak for itself. From very small begin she sends in a story or materials. If you nings, this collection has become an are a WWII veteran with a story to tell important research source for scholars or materials to share, please get in touch studying the United States in the Second with the Center at the following address World War. Outside of the United States and phone number: Army Military History Institute in Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania (with Center for the Study of which the Center cooperates frequently), War and Society there is presently no single archive in 220 Hoskins Library this country with comparable holdings Knoxville, TN 37996-4008 on the individual American in World (423) 974-0128 War II. In addition to the Veterans Project, the Center sponsors an annual fall lecture (named after Col. John B. McKinney who endowed it) dealing with some aspect of military history, usually World War II. Internationally recognized military historians have made presenta tions. Most recently, in 1993 Dr. Terry Copp of Wilfred Laurier University in Ontario, probably the foremost Canadian military historian, spoke on the Canadian Army in the 1944 Normandy campaign. Last year, Edward M. Coffman of the University of Wisconsin and author of The War to End All Wars, an excellent history of the United States in World War I, lectured on WW II vets whom he has interviewed for a current project. This coming year, the lecture will touch on a very timely topic-the end of the war in the Pacific. The speaker will be
Famous war correspondent Ernie Pyle's coffin, Ie Shima, 1945. (Photo by Lawrence Barker, Jr.)
19 J who recently celebrated his one hundredth Tennessee Presidents Center, which is birthday, dedicated the statue, explaining publishing the papers of Andrew Johnson that Mrs. Bartlett had devoted her life to along with those of the other two Ten "the preservation and perpetuation of the nessee Presidents, Andrew Jackson and name and political career of her great James K. Polk. grandfather. Her continuing determina When the statue was unveiled, the tion was never idle, directed to the crowd rose to their feet in a standing fulfillment of her pledge of loyalty and ovation. Among those who did so were the defense of his political record." Paul Bergeron, Editor of The Papers of The imposing larger-than-life Andrew Johnson; Alvin Gerhardt, Direc bronze statue was sculpted by the noted tor of the President Andrew Johnson artist Jim Gray, whose commissions Museum and Library at T usculum Col include The Teaching Christ figure at lege; James Hoobler, Curator of the Ten Church Street United Methodist Church nessee State Museum; Dan Pomeroy, ANDREW JOHNSON in Knoxville, the Dolly Parton statuary Director of Acquisitions at the museum; CLAIMS A THIRD CORNER in Sevierville, and the Alex Haley bust Patsy Williams, Past President of the By Cathy Chase located in the Hodges Library at UT Tennessee Presidents Trust; and G. Assistant Director, Knoxville. Situated at the corner of Thomas Love, Mayor of Greeneville. A Tennessee Presidents Trust Depot and College streets, the statue statue identical to the one located in rests on a gray and pink granite base in Greeneville will soon be erected in Andrew Johnson became the sev the middle of a circular brick pedestal. Nashville on the grounds of the state enteenth president of the United States Here it joins the Andrew Johnson capitol. following the assassination of Abraham National Historic Site and Visitor Cen Lincoln in 1865. His presidency spanned ter on one corner and Johnson's 1830s the difficult period of Reconstruction fol house on another. lowing the Civil War. During his term Preceding the the United States purchased Alaska from unveiling, Dr. Wayne Russia and established the Wyoming Cutler, Director of the Territory. However, Johnson is probably Tennessee Presidents best known as the only president to have Trust, read the farewell been impeached. By a margin of one vote, address delivered by the Senate refused to convict Johnson, President Johnson to and thus he successfully defended his the nation upon his belief in a constitutional separation of leaving the White the three branches of government. House on March 4, Following his presidency Andrew 1869. For some who Johnson was elected to the U.S. Senate attended, it was an in 1875 and is still the only ex-president introduction to to have achieved such recognition. A Johnson's own words patriot to the end, Johnson died on July 31, and many commented 1875 with the request that a copy of the that they were im Constitution be put under his head and pressed with both the that he be wrapped in the American flag. president's masterful Citizens of Greeneville and their speech writing skill many guests celebrated Johnson's career and message. The with an unveiling and dedication of his Trust supports the statue on Thursday, June 22, in the city's downtown historic district. A crowd of approximately four hundred watched as the statue was unveiled by twelve year old Emily Null, a fifth-generation descendant of President Johnson. The memorial was made possible by the late Margaret Johnson Patterson Bartlett, great-granddaughter of President Johnson. During her life Mrs. Bartlett worked to perpetuate the story of Johnson and served as hostess in the Emily Null (left) and Johnson historic home for thirty-four Mayor G. Thomas Love years. Her first cousin and executor of (right) unveil the bronze her estate, Mr. Ralph Phinney, champi statue of Andrew Johnson. oned her dream of erecting the statue (Photo by Joe Futia, and took the lead in seeing the project courtesy of The through to completion. Mr. Phinney, Greeneville Sun.)
20 PRIVATE OOLLARS, PUBLIC TREASURES As Americans have given to various charitable efforts over the years, they have created many national treasures available to all. Many of these resources would never have been possible with government support alone. Virtually all of the truly great libraries have been made great through gifts from individuals. We are most grateful to all of those who have generously supported the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries.
INVESTING IN THE FUTURE Reba & Lee Absher Library Endowment Lancaster Library Friends Lecture Endowment More than any other single element, Agriculture-Veterinary Medicine Library Library Acquisitions Endowment Endowment Library Collections Endowment the library is the heart of a university. The Anonymous Library Endowment Library Employee Development Endowment* quality of the University Libraries' col Lalla Block Arnstein Library Endowment Library Technology Endowment* lection is a barometer of the quality of James M. Blake Library Endowment Wayne & Alberta Longmire Library intellectual inquiry campus-wide-and Margaret Gray Blanton Library Endowment Endowment the quality of education we give our stu Tutt S. & Elizabeth Bradford Library Edwin R. Lutz Memorial Library Endowment dents, the leaders of our future. You can Endowment Lois Maxwell Mahan Library Endowment James Douglas Bruce Library Endowment Stuart Maher Memorial Endowment- help guarantee that our future leaders Renda Burkhart Library Endowment Technical Library receive the best possible education by William Waller Carson Library Endowment Department of Mathematics Library making an investment in the University Ira N. Chiles Library Endowment-Higher Endowment Libraries. Education Edward J. McMillan Library Endowment To make a gift, please make you Caroline Perry Cleveland Library Endowment Men's Athletic Department Library check payable to the University of Ten Betsey Beeler Creekmore Library Endowment Endowment nessee, Knoxville Libraries and use the William E. & Leona G. Crunk Library Harvey and Helen Meyer Library Endowment Endowment Paul M. and Marion T. Miles Library reply envelope included in the Review. Kenneth Curry Library Endowment Endowment For more information, please write or Durant DaPonte Memorial Library Phillip W. Moffitt Library Endowment call: Endowment William Elijah Morris and Mildred Morris Director of Development Richard Beale Davis Humanities Library Haines Special Collections Library University Libraries Endowment Endowment 612 Hodges Library Clayton B. Dekle Library Endowment Flora Belle & Bessie Abigail Moss Library Nancy R. & G. Mack Dove Library Endowment 1015 Volunteer Boulevard Endowment Angie Warren Perkins Library Endowment Knoxville, TN 37996-1000 Frank M. Dryzer Library Endowment Jack E. Reese Library Endowment (423) 974-0037 Roland E. Duncan Library Endowment John L. Rhea Foundation Library Endowment Ellis & Ernest Library Endowment Lawrence e. Roach Library Endowment Harold S. Fink Library Endowment-History Norman B. Sayne Library-Humanities LIBRARY ENDOWMENTS Dr. Stanley J. Folmsbee Library Endowment Endowment The first endowment at the UT Franz/Myers Family Library Endowment B. Schiff Family & Betty J. Weathers Library Knoxville Libraries, the John L. Rhea Armour T. Granger Library Endowment Endowment Foundation Endowment, was created in Henry A. Haenseler Library Endowment Louise and Aileen Seilaz Memorial Library Mildred M. Haines Special Collections Endowment 1904. Since then the number of library Library Endowment Dr. e.D. Sherbakoff Library Endowment endowments has grown tremendously. Hamilton National Bank Library Endowment John J. and Carol e. Sheridan Library Endowment funds are particularly Natalie Leach & JamesA. Haslam II Library Endowment valuable because, once established, they Endowment J. Allen Smith Library Endowment provide interest income for the library in George and Sallie Hicks Agricultural McGregor Smith Library Endowment perpetuity. Such funds also offer a fitting Veterinary Library Endowment SoCial Work Alumni Library Endowment Hodges Books for English Library Endowment Dr. & Mrs. Walter Stiefel Library Endowment opportunity to honor or memorialize a J.e. Hodges-UTK Alumni Library Florence B. & Ray B. Striegel Library friend or relative. Anyone may establish Endowment Endowment a named endowment fund with a mini Paul E. Howard Humanities Collection Charles A. Trentham Library Endowment mum gift of $15,000 to the University Library Endowment United Foods Humanities Library Libraries. Human Ecology Library Development Endowment For more information about estab Endowment UTK Tomorrow-Humanities Library lishing an endowment fund, call the Thomas L. James Library Endowment Endowment William H. J esse-Library Staff Endowment Valley Fidelity Bank Library Endowment Library Development Office at Mamie e. Johnston Library Endowment Bill Wallace Memorial Library Endowment (423) 974-0037. Kenwill, Inc. Cartographic Information Walters Library Endowment Center Endowment* Frank B. Ward Library Endowment (Endowments marked with an Angelyn Donaldson & Richard Adolf Koella White Stores Library Endowment asterisk have been established during the Historical Documents Library Endowment Ronald H. Wolf Library Endowment 1994-95 year.) LaFollette Hardware & Lumber Company Lindsay Young Library Endowment Library Endowment Guy e. Youngerman Library Endowment Dr. & Mrs. A. H. Lancaster Library Endowment
21 THOSE HONORED The William G. McAdoo Billie Pearson Natalie Leach Haslam Society recognizes those who E. Tyler Pearson, Jr. Cornelia S. Hodges Between July 1, 1994, and have named the University Elmer T. Pearson, Sr. W. Lee Humphreys June 30, 1995, gifts were made to Libraries the beneficiary of a Ruby T. Pearson Johnson & Johnson the University Libraries in honor deferred gift. Deferred gifts Jack E. Reese Paula Kaufman of the following individuals. include bequests in insurance Nancy Reese LaFollette Hardware and Lumber policies, life income agreements, R. Bruce Shipley Company Mary Lee Bergeron trusts and wills. If you have made Sara S. Shipley Anne W. LeClercq Betsey B. Creekmore a deferred gift to the UT Knox Bain T. Stewart Lockheed Martin Corporation John Dobson ville Libraries and are not listed Irene S. Stewart J udithann B. Lovely Rowena Dowlen here, please contact the Library Fred O. Stone, Jr. John E. Lutz II Thomas J.A Heffernan Development Office at (423) Helen Stone John W. Mashburn Benita Howell 974-0037. Marie L. Verhagen Lillian T. Mashburn Bill Landry The Libraries gratefully Raoul M. Verhagen Estate of Elizabeth McWhorter Jesse Cobb Mills acknowledge the following indi Helen B. Watson Marion T. Miles Aubrey H. Mitchell viduals who have made deferred Charles R. West Paul M. Miles Lydia Pulsipher commitments prior to June 30, Sara P. Wharton Sharon J. Miller 1995. Evelyn E. Wilcox William O. Miller THOSE Shan C. Wilcox Ralph B. Mitchell MEMORIALIZED Reba Q. Absher Martha MeschendorfWilds Reba M. Mitchell Between July 1,1994, and Charles E. Anderson III Michael E. Wilds Catherine S. Mizell June 30, 1995, gifts were made Mary Trim Anderson Marian S. Moffett to the University Libraries in Lynn D. Bartlett Marcia J. Myers memory of the following Anne Batey LIBRARY FRIENDS Christopher D. Odom individuals. Daniel L. Batey Katherine F. Odom James M. Blake An annual gift to the Uni George P. Palo versity Libraries qualifies the Elizabeth Anderson Violet C. Blake Carolyn R. Payne Clive W. Bare Cary G. Branch individual donor for membership Phi Kappa Phi Fraternity in the Library Friends. Friends Thomas Bragg Debra C. Byrd John J. Sheridan Olive Branch Delbert B. Byrd Benefactors have made an indi Ben B. Smith Arthur C. Cole Betsey B. Creekmore vidual gift of $500 or more; Jean L. Smith Mrs. Richard Beale Davis Mary Neal Culver Friends Patrons have made indi Dawn J. VonW eisenstein Doreen Dillon Kenneth Curry vidual contributions between Esther Webster Mrs. F. Dotson-McClain Lucile Deaderick $250 and $499; Sustaining Etta Mae Westbrook Friends have made individual Joseph Goddard Richard H. Doughty David F. Williams John C. Hodges Charles W. Duggan donations of$100 to $249; and Sandra K. Williams Mary Katherine Holloway Katherine N. Hale Embury Contributing Friends have made James M. Wormsley an individual gift of $50 to $99. Cal Huber Mildred G. Fair Elizabeth P. Keenan John B. Fugate The Faculty/Staff/Student cat FRIENDS PATRONS egory is for those members of the Edward Vincent McKenna Francis M. Gross O. S. Baldridge AH. Nielsen Mary M. Gross campus community who have made an individual contribution Judy M. Beeler Ross A Phillips Mildred M. Haines Dianne Blane Biddanda Poovaiah Joann Hallaway of $15 to $49. The following made contributions to the John P. Blane Sharda Poovaiah Henry E. Harris, Jr. Gordon C. Brooks, Jr. Sarah Collins Raudorf John H. Hildreth Libraries during the year July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995. C. Sanford Carlson, Sr. Marjorie Sanders Gladys S. Hollingsworth Beverly J. Carman Marietta Burnett Shaw H. Wheeler Hollingsworth FRIENDS BENEFACTORS Howard S. Carman R.W. Smartt JoAnne Hollingsworth Hughes Joe M. Cashion Horace Smith John N. Hughes Marsha C. Alvarez Sue E. Cox Edith C. Spradlin Bryan A Jackson Richard G. Alvarez Kermit Earl Duckett Jean Sylwester Elizabeth W. Jackson Cecelia E. Anderson Virginia P. Duckett Margaret Jones Thompson Taylor Charles B. Jones, Jr. Joe W. Anderson, Jr. Ethel N. Duff Anna Wade Dione Kennedy Anonymous Joe T. Fisher Karl E. Wagner Mrs. A. H. Lancaster Anne M. Axton Susie C. Fisher Valerie White Bette Daugherty Lathrop Clyde J. Bell, Jr. Robert B. Fling George W. Young Sharon H. Laudermilk Condon S. Bush Betty A Gissel Alberta Y. Longmire Anne P. Church Julian R. Gissel, Jr. John E. Lutz II Columbia HCA Healthcare Thomas D. Greenwell, Jr. THE WILLIAM G. Mary E. Lutz MCADOO SOCIETY Corp. Horace E. Hall Jacklon G. Mays Betsey B. Creekmore Joann Hallaway William G. McAdoo was Joyce Mays Anthony W Crunk Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. the first head librarian at UT, Billie McKinney Kenneth Curry Diana S. Hatcher Knoxville. He was named head Marion T. Miles William A Dargis Judith E. Hector librarian in 1879, when the Ten Paul M. Miles Enid Dekle Mark A. Hector nessee State Legislature chose Jeannine J. Mitchell George F. Devine Edith M. Jesse East Tennessee University as Wayne H. Mitchell Sam F. D. Duke Mrs. Sturm Johnson Tennessee's state university and Margaret K. Morgan Thelma Duke Richard M. Kelso changed its name. By this act, Stanton A Morgan Audrey A Duncan Korean Student Association the University of Tennessee was Marcia J. Myers Donald M. Fiene Linda S. Lee pledged to serve the entire state. Donald M. Nathan Judith I. Fiene Fredrick E. Lehmann McAdoo continued to serve as George P. Palo Graduate Student Association Elizabeth H. Lillie head librarian until 1883, at Elnora V. Paul Agnes M. Grady Hardy Liston, Jr. which time the collection num Carolyn R. Payne Mary E. Greer Rossie L. Mason bered 7,000 volumes. Margaret A Payne James A Haslam II 22 Britton R. Massengill Christine Brown Dorothy Cain Hunter Douglas F. Stickle Geraldine C. McDonald Katherine M. Brubeck Linda H. Hutton Frances P. Stoner Chauncey J. Mellor William M. Bugg Joyce E. Jackson Henry H. Stoner Aubrey H. Mitchell Gordon M. Burghardt Hans E. Jenson Tennessee City Managers Marla Mitchell Janet S. Cable Marie F. Jenson Association Pennzoil Company Ada M. Campbell Don W. Jett Sandra P. Thomas Frederick J. Peretz Phyllis S. Campbell Shirley A. Johnson Michael G. Thomason S. Jean Peretz Edmund J. Campion Stanley O. Johnson, Sr. Burt Lee Thompson Jonathan Perry Douglas H. Carlisle Mary C. Jones Joseph B. Trahern, Jr. Diane E. Perushek Dorothy S. Carmichael Dennie R. Kelley Marjorie E. Trahern Paul J. Pinckney Virgil F. Carmichael Nancy E. Lay Carolyn R. Trusler H. Jack Pope Janella A. Carpenter Anne J. Lester Sandra L. T wardosz Jane C. Pope Carolyn Carson John R. Lewis UT Retirees Association Mary Carroll Roberts John R. Carson James N. Liles Joseph A. Vrba Thomas W. Roberts III Merrill S. Carter Magdalene P. Liles Wylene A. Vrba Rhonda F. Rucker Brenda S. Childress William A. Lyday, Jr. Martha J. Walker W. Jean Schindler Jerrell P. Childress Linda J. Magid Patrick L. Walker Ann M. Sherbakoff John M. Clark Rosemary Mayberry Billy W. Wallace Paul C. Sherbakoff Gail B. Clay Anne Mayhew Lynne H. Wallace Carol C. Sheridan Charles P. Cohen Mrs. James L. McAuliffe Warner-Lambert Company James M. Sherrell Barbara H. Coleman Georgia Hays McConnell Charlotte S. Watson Homer D. Swingle Dan Coleman Kenneth D. McFarland Mary C. Weaver H. Ed Thiel Louise Collier Billie McKinney Judith D. Webster Steve R. Thomas Robert H. Collier, Jr. Chauncey J. Mellor Robert A. Werner UT Faculty Womens Club Michael L. Collins Leslie W. Miller, Sr. Randolph L. Whitson Thomas Van Riper Craig R. Colvin Shirley W. Miller Kenneth E. Wilkes Charles R. Volz, Jr. Barbara J. Cook Donnie G. Mitchell Carolyn Williams Jack S. Watson Norma Cox Cook Jeannine J. Mitchell Jack E. Williams Patricia L. Watson Robert E. Cook Wayne H. Mitchell Mariam E. Williams Thomas P. Cooke William A. Moles II Edward E. Wilson, Jr. SUSTAINING FRIENDS Clarence L. Crabtree Alice M. Moore Hal E. Wilson Elizabeth K. Crabtree John Muldowny Clifton Woods III D. Gayle Baker Doris Scott Crawford Alice Murphree Nathalia Wright Esther W. Bare Mary Frances Crawford R. L. Murphree D. Strong Wyman Jeanne Barkley Wayne Cutler Nashville Banner Eloise M. Yonts Edythe Adcock Bell Alma Colleen Beets Davis Robert L. Nobles Mary Grace Yonts Susan T. Bowling Roberta Dillon Painter Frances Curtis Young Elizabeth P. Bowman John Clarence Davis, Jr. Edward P. Deere Virginia K. Patterson Richard W. Young, Jr. Mable E. Deere Cameron E. Perry Lawrence M. Deridder Mrs. Cameron E. Perry CONTRIBUTING FRIENDS Dixie Gun Works Inc. Donald R. Ploch J ames Adcock Keith H. Dolder Gregory K. Pompelli All Campus Theatre David L. Donahue Biddanda P. Ponnappa Robert S. Ambler Bill Dunavant Provident Life & Marcus L. Ambrester Anne G. Dungan Accident Insurance Co. Larry J. Amerine David L. Dungan Kimberly A. Quillen Nancy E. Amerine Arthur C. Echternacht Thomas C. Quillen Jean C. Ash H. Wallace Edwards, Jr. Jeane S. Raper Stephen V. Ash Lisa Ford W. Elmer Raper Association for Continuing Mary B. Ford Larry A. Ratner Higher Education Inc. Nathan F. Ford John H. Reynolds Robert M. Auge Frances C. Fowler Marjorie L. Reynolds Bank One Dallas J. Lee Fry III Thomas C. Richmond Diane T. Bass Ranjan Ganguly John B. Romeiser Glenn L. Bass Stuart Garrett Jan Rosinski Wallace W. Baumann Ann R. Gorwitz Craig G. Ross, Jr. Pauline S. Bayne David K. Gorwitz Suzanne J. Ross Alice Beauchene Doris Gove Linda J. Sammataro Roy Beauchene When Olive Harllee Branch passed James J. Grubb Marthena D. Sams away on February 2,1995, the Elner C. Bellon Judy H. Grubb Ned H. Sams Jerry J. Bellon Libraries lost one of its oldest and David S. Habercom Edward Schilling Dale M. Bentz dearest friends. She worked for the Ervin H. Hardison Scott Paper Company Mary E. Blackmon libraries for thirty-three years, Geraldine B. Hardison Jeffrey C. Sekula William B. Blackmon, Jr. 1948-81, but is best known for her Sarah E. Hawkins James M. Sherrell James K. Bletner Karen E. Hawthorne Siemens Energy & Ruth T. Bletner tenure as Collection Development Walter W. Hawthorne Automation Inc. Librarian. When she retired, Anne M. Booker Francis W. Headman Gregory R. Simmons Toby Boulet Daphne Townsend, whose photo Jeffrey J. Heck Rhonda G. Simmons Carolyn R. Brandle appeared here last year, wrote this John T. Hemmeter Joseph S. Simpson James R. Brandle about her: "Olive Branch is a E. Lucille Higgs Helen H. Smith Leonard Brinkman woman of variety. All the traits for Helen Hollingsworth Soren P. Sorensen Dorothy B. Bryson David L. Hodge Sterling Winthrop Inc. exemplary living she has in Carolyn Boyd Buckner Michele B. Hodge Bain T. Stewart Edward R. Buckner abundance ....she will be missed." Arthur R. Hubbs Irene S. Stewart
23 Corinne E. Burg Christopher J. Howard Dorothy W. Roach J ames A. Black Nancy J. Butkovich Bonnie L. Hufford John B. Romeiser Patricia E. Boling Kirk B. Chambers Thomasa T. Huffstutler Jane S. Row Sheila M. Bowen Thomas T. Chen Howard N. Hull Martha E. Rudolph Marsha C. Bryant Ciba-Geigy Corp. Brodie F. Ivy Madeleine L. Russell Eric M. Burke John M. Clark, Jr. Lauren G. Jennings H. C. Rutledge Kenneth L. Burton Rhonda J. Clark Delight o. Jobe Jane W. Seatz Wilma C. Burton Carl W. Cobb Shirley Whitney Kerr Lloyd F. Seatz Catherine R. Cardwell Jane K. Cobb Philip G. Klukken Jeffrey C. Sekula James E. Cardwell John L. Cofer Nancy A. Laemlein Charlotte Self J. Gordon Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Sandra S. Leach James Reed Self Paul S. Changas Class of 1997 Tony Legg Lynn Sentelle Tai-Lun Chiang Ernest V. Cosson Diana C. Lopez Malinda S. Sharp A. June Clanton Janet S. Cosson Joe B. Love Jason E. Shelburne Cathleen R. Cochran-Ball Thomas 1. Crossman Ouida M. Lowry Betty L. Shelton Billy R. Collins Martin Courtois Gerald P. Lubert Laura C. Simic J ames A. Crook Karmen N. Crowther Jane H. Lubert Rita H. Smith Paul H. Davis Michael Crowther David Madden William G. Smyth Lana S. Dixon Dean E. Cruise Martin Marietta Corporation South Carrick Residents Cynthia K. Duncan Mary Hampton Cruise Carolyn Gehron Martin Association George Everett Jean R. Crumpton Donald H. Martin James A. Spencer James E. Falen The Daily Beacon Cecil Holloway Matheny Friedemann W. Stall mann James H. Finch Barry K. Davis Patricia Gayle McCarty Ruth C. Stall mann Aangie K. Fugate Sylvia S. Davis David M. McCune Joseph F. Stiefel James E. Gill Bruce H. Delaney Mrs. Peter McEnteggart Frederick L. Stiles Peter M. Gresshoff Linda L. Delaney Peter McEnteggart Kristin K. Stone Rosalyn M. Gresshoff Delta Delta Delta Kenneth D. McFarland Student Affiliates of American Rosalind W. Gwynne B. J. DeMott Margaret M. McQuilkin Chemical Society Dorothy M. Habel Anne M. Donahue Gerald S. Meisner Student Government Vicki B. Hall Leo J. Donahue Roberta Meisner Association Mary A. Handel Harold K. Dyer Genevieve S. Michael Student Tennessee Education Stephen J. Handel Theresa Sharp Dyer Mike G. Moneymaker Association Charles H. Hargis Greta Eichel Vickie F. Moneymaker Jo G. Sweet Janet S. Hickman Stuart Eichel Glenn A. Morgan John C. Tarvin Brenda J. Hill Kathryn D. Ellis Robert A. Muenchen Patsy Arnhart Tarvin Benita J. Howell Mary Read English Nationsbank Deborah L. Thomas Jackson H. Ivester Silvina K. Epperson Betty R. Neal Maxine Thompson Richard L. Jantz William F. Epperson, Jr. Thomas H. Neal, Jr. E. W. Troy John D. Jarrard Elaine M. Ervin Jane M. New Bruce A. Tschantz Seth M. Jordan Ethyl Corporation John C. New, Jr. Penelope A. Tschantz Virginia L. Killough Margo Fesperman Alice Newell United Residence Hall Council Rhonda Evars Lakin Magnhild O. Fink James W. Norman UT Scuba Club Loyd R. Lewis Heather Flagg Jack W. Oliver Ramsey Valentine Sandra T. Lewis Fred C. French Order of Omega Karen Valentine James B. Lloyd Claudia G. Fribourg David M. Ostermeier John V. Vanore Charles J. Maland Henry A. Fribourg Sally J. Ostermeier Karen Berger Vanore Robert R. Mashburn Elizabeth V. Fryer James M. Overton Volunteer Robert M. McConnel Gideon W. Fryer Margaret C. Overton John M. Wachowicz Harry Y. McSween, Jr. James N. Gehlhar Stephen D. Owens Douglas Z. Walker, Jr. Robert W. Mee Gordon A. Glover Panhellenic Council Betty C. Ward Julie G. Miller Lori A. Goetsch Soo-Hee Park Mary K. Warden James O. Minton June D. Gorski Elnora V. Paul Marilyn S. Ware Nancy C. Moutoux Caroline R. Graber Richard E. Perkins Sarah J. Weeks Orlan S. Nelson Glenn C. Graber Ronald H. Petersen Etta C. Williams Elvin E. Overton Ruth P. Graf Harold A. Peterson Godwin Williams, Jr. David N. Reaves Linda A. Griswold Colbert G. Petree, Jr. John R. Williams Charlene A. Rice Gerald R. Hadder Martha R. Petree Sara L. Williams Randall T. Robinson Elizabeth G. Hamilton Raymond D. Phillips Valerie Lyke Wright Rebecca M. Roller Ira E. Harrison James B. Phillips W. Miles Wright J. Reece Roth Agnes Mayes Hartsell Jane B. Phillips Patience H. Wyman Eric A. Schmidt Charles W. Hartsell, Sr. Linda L. Phillips Edward Yovella Michael J. Sepaniak Carol A. Hay Phoenix Literary Art Magazine J. Edward Shelton William W. Hay Charles D. Pless FACULTY/STAFF/ Jean W. Taylor Alan Herbin Anita W. Potyen STUDENT FRIENDS Jackson G. Thompson Michael C. Herndon Prudential Insurance Company Frances Lee Ansley Elizabeth M. Tinker Paul E. Trentham, Sr. Carol C. Hewlett of America Roland M. Bagby Pamela F. Hindle K. Joslyn Quinn Kathleen Thornton Bailey June Turner AnnR. Viera Betty J. Hinman Joe C. Rader Denise D. Barlow Lawrence L. Hinman Rho Lambda Paul Barrette Larry D. Walker Raymond W. Holton Cynthia Richardson Melinda H. Basler Linda Whilser Thomas C. Hood Katherine B. Riggsby Susan M. Benner Flossie E. Wise Virginia J. Hood William Stuart Riggsby Michael W. Berry Hisham M. Yaghmour Sharla J. Hoskin Cecil L. Roach Teresa U. Berry Lorna J. Young
24 ANDREW JOHNSON
A ~PRENTICED ORPHAN BOY A recent acquisition, this TAILOR. POLITICIAN .. CH'RISTIAN STATESMA.N. four page pamphlet was published in c. 1925 by PATRIO'r ]. W. Howard of Greeneville to advertise hisforty-five minute address on the life and character of Andrew Johns on. For a minimal fee, he offered to give the address in local schools to "encourage some boy, or girl, into higher and better citizenship in spite of obstacles. "
Back Cover
_ .:::s;. No sixteen-starred flag JOHN~O~'S OLO TA1LOR ~HOl' was ever created to cel J('ST AS HE LEFT IT ebrate Tennessee's SEVENTEENTH PRESJDE~T O.F THE UNITED STATfi:S entrance into the union NEVER IN SCHOOL A DAY IN HIS LIFE in 1796 . John Dobson, "THERE CAN BE NO REAL GREATNESS WITHOUT GOODNESS", SpecialCollections Librar
Fl'om ••peech of Andrew John.ont mad~ to 5,000 School ian Emeritus, had this one
Children in Wa.hington, May 20t 1865 made to fill that gap. (See article on 1). 7.)
• The University of Tennessee, Knoxville , does not discriminate on the basis of race , sex, color, religion , national origin, age, disability, or veteran status in provision of educational opportunities or employment opportunities and benefits. • UT Knoxville does not discriminate on the basis of sex or disability in its educational programs and activities, pursuant to the requirements of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. This policy extends both to employment by and admission to the University. • Inquiries concerning Title VI , Title IX, Section 504, and the ADA should be directed to the Office of Diversity Resources and Educational Services (ORES) ; 1818 Lake Avenue ; The University of Tennes see, Knoxville; Knoxville TN 37996-3650; or telephone (423) 974-2498. Charges of violation of the above policy should also be directed to ORES.
E01-6010-014-96 A project of the UT Publications Center, 107 Communications Building, Knoxville, 974-2225. Revisions: 3189. November, 1995 Non-Profit Org. Production by Dan Alton, Mary Jo Holden, Penny Brooks, UT Publications Center U.S. Postage Printed by Graphic Arts Services, UT Knoxville PAID The Univ. of Tenn. Knoxville