The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946 Nationalist competition and civil-military relations in postwar India 10,800 words including references, notes, and abstract. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, under grant number DGE-1110007. The author has no financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank WM. Roger Louis, Zoltan Barany, and Ami Pedahzur for their detailed input and helpful suggestions, as well as their mentorship and encouragement. Correspondence to: John M. Meyer, Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin, 158 W 21st ST STOP A1800; Austin, Texas 78712-1704; USA. Email:
[email protected]. 1 Abstract This article argues for the importance of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny of 1946 in two key aspects of the transition towards Indian independence: civilian control over the Indian military, and a competition for power between Congress and Communists that undermined Indian workers and their student allies. The article begins with an investigation of the mutiny drawing on three sources: a first-person account from a lead mutineer, a Communist history of the mutiny, and the papers published in the Towards Freedom collection. In 1946 a handful of low-ranking sailors sparked a naval mutiny that ultimately involved upwards of 20,000 sailors, and then crashed into the streets of Bombay with revolutionary fervor. The Communists party in Bombay seized upon the mutiny as an opportunity to rally the working class against the British raj, with the hope of ending British rule through revolution rather than negotiation. Yet the mutiny proved less of a harbinger for what was ending, and more of a bellwether for what was to come.