DOCSLIB.ORG

Title of the Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Title of the Thesis Author Emmanuel Helm MSc Submission Institute of Application- oriented Knowledge Processing (FAW) First Supervisor PROCESS MINING IN a.Univ.-Prof. Dr. Josef Küng STANDARDS-BASED Second Supervisor Prof. Marcos Sepúlveda PhD HEALTHCARE February 2021 INFORMATION SYSTEMS Doctoral Thesis to confer the academic degree of Doktor der technischen Wissenschaften in the Doctoral Program Technische Wissenschaften JOHANNES KEPLER UNIVERSITY LINZ Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz, Austria jku.at Sworn Declaration I hereby declare under oath that the submitted Doctoral Thesis has been written solely by me without any third-party assistance, information other than provided sources or aids have not been used and those used have been fully documented. Sources for literal, paraphrased, and cited quotes have been accurately credited. The submitted document here present is identical to the electronically submitted text document. Linz, 25th February, 2021 Emmanuel Helm i “Computer Science is no more about comput- ers than astronomy is about telescopes.” Edsger W. Dijkstra iii Abstract Healthcare organizations are bureaucracies where groups of trained professionals coordi- nate their work within functional units or departments. This coordination is based more on the standardization of skills and knowledge rather than on the standardization of work processes. However, by operating the user interfaces of their information systems and medical devices, healthcare personnel triggers a sequence of functions and procedures. From the point of view of the systems and their recorded event logs and databases, these actions constitute a process that is emerging over time. The research discipline of “process mining” aims to facilitate understanding and improvement of these processes. This thesis addresses challenges that emanate from the application of process mining techniques to data of healthcare information systems – especially data collection, data integration, and data quality. To this end, a review of existing work in the field process mining in healthcare is conducted and the characteristics of healthcare data are described. Based on the assumption that healthcare information systems strive for interoperability, methods are developed and tested to utilize the (process) data recorded in standardized “audit trails”. The contributions include an interface to access this data based on Health Level Seven (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). This thesis also presents a case study on guideline compliance checking for melanoma surveillance procedures based on process mining. The conclusion is that different initiatives and standardization efforts gradually converge towards a better, more interoperable, health IT environment. Syntactic and semantic interoperability pave the road for “process interoperability” and the standardization of data plays a key role in achieving a better understanding of the complex interactions in healthcare workflows. v Kurzfassung Gesundheitseinrichtungen sind bürokratisch organisiert und Gruppen ausgebildeter Fach- leute koordinieren ihre Arbeit innerhalb funktionaler Einheiten (Abteilungen). Die Ko- ordination basiert dabei eher auf der Standardisierung von Fähigkeiten und Wissen als auf der Standardisierung von Arbeitsprozessen. Das Gesundheitspersonal initiiert durch die Bedienung von Benutzerschnittstellen der Informationssysteme und medizinischen Geräte jedoch eine Kette von Funktionsaufrufen und Interaktionen im Hintergrund. Diese Aktionen stellen, aus der Sicht der Systeme, aufgezeichnet in ihren Ereignisprotokollen und Datenbanken, einen Prozess dar, der sich über die Zeit entwickelt. Die Forschungs- disziplin des “Process Mining” zielt darauf ab, das Verständnis und die Verbesserung dieser Prozesse zu ermöglichen. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit den Herausforderungen, die sich aus der Anwendung von Process-Mining-Techniken auf Daten von Gesundheitsinformationssystemen ergeben - insbesondere Datenerfassung, Datenintegration und Datenqualität. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Überblick über bestehende Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet des Process Mining im Gesund- heitswesen gegeben und die Charakteristika von Gesundheitsdaten werden beschrieben. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Gesundheitsinformationssysteme nach Interopera- bilität streben, werden Methoden entwickelt und getestet, um die in standardisierten “Audit Trails” aufgezeichneten (Prozess-)Daten zu nutzen. Der wissenschaftliche Beitrag umfasst zusätzlich eine Schnittstelle für den Zugriff auf diese Daten auf Basis des Health Level Seven (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standards. In dieser Dissertation wird auch eine Fallstudie zur Überprüfung der Einhaltung klinischer Leitfäden nach Melanom-Behandlungen basierend auf Process Mining präsentiert. Verschiedene Initiativen und Standardisierungsvorhaben im Gesundheitswesen führen da- zu, dass die IT-Systeme allmählich interoperabler werden. Syntaktische und semantische Interoperabilität ebnen den Weg für die “Prozessinteroperabilität”, und die Standardisie- rung von Daten spielt eine Schlüsselrolle beim Erreichen eines besseren Verständnisses für die komplexen Prozesse und deren Interaktionen im Gesundheitswesen. vii Contents iii Abstract v Kurzfassung vii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Process Mining . 2 1.1.1 Running Example . 3 1.2 Healthcare Processes . 4 1.2.1 A Distinction . 4 1.2.2 Characteristics . 5 1.3 Relevance . 6 1.3.1 Process Characteristics Challenges . 7 1.3.2 Event Log Quality . 7 1.3.3 Data Collection and Integration . 8 1.4 Research Questions . 8 1.5 Contributions . 9 1.6 Structure of the Thesis . 10 2 Process Mining 13 2.1 Event Log as Starting Point for Process Mining . 14 2.1.1 Extended Running Example . 15 2.1.2 Data Quality Issues . 16 2.1.3 Event Log Maturity Levels . 17 2.2 Types of Process Mining . 18 2.2.1 Process Discovery . 19 2.2.2 Conformance Checking . 22 2.2.3 Process Enhancement . 24 2.3 Mining Different Perspectives . 24 2.3.1 Control-Flow . 24 2.3.2 Time . 25 2.3.3 Organizational . 25 ix 2.3.4 Case . 26 2.4 Standardized Event Log Representation . 26 2.5 Recent Developments in Process Mining . 28 3 Interoperability and Healthcare Data Standards 29 3.1 Interoperability . 30 3.1.1 Technical Interoperability . 31 3.1.2 Semantic Interoperability . 31 3.1.3 Process Interoperability . 32 3.2 Standards Development Organizations . 32 3.2.1 DICOM . 32 3.2.2 HL7 . 32 3.2.3 IHE . 33 3.3 Healthcare Data Exchange Standards . 33 3.3.1 FHIR . 36 3.4 Terminology Systems . 36 3.4.1 ICD-10 . 37 3.4.2 RadLex . 37 3.4.3 SWIM Lexicon . 38 3.4.4 LOINC . 39 3.4.5 SNOMED CT . 39 3.5 Integration Profiles . 40 3.5.1 ATNA . 40 3.5.2 SOLE . 42 3.6 Discussion . 43 4 State of Process Mining in Healthcare 45 4.1 Other Reviews . 46 4.2 Literature Review Methodology . 47 4.2.1 Selection of Clinically-relevant Case Studies . 48 4.2.2 Process Mining Aspects . 50 4.2.3 Clinical Aspects and Standard Coding Schemes . 50 4.3 Results of the Review . 50 4.3.1 Selected Case Studies . 50 4.3.2 Process Mining Aspects . 50 4.3.3 Clinical Aspects Using Standard Clinical Descriptors . 52 4.4 Conclusion . 54 4.4.1 Reporting Basic Characteristics of the Event Log Data . 55 4.4.2 Adopting the Use of Standard Clinical Descriptors . 55 4.4.3 The Need for a Reporting Template . 56 4.5 Reporting Template Outline . 57 5 Mining Audit Trails 59 5.1 Standardized Audit Logging . 60 x 5.1.1 IHE Audit Message Semantics . 61 5.1.2 HL7 FHIR AuditEvent Resource . 63 5.2 Direct Mapping Approach . 63 5.2.1 Transformation Architecture . 63 5.2.2 Test Setting . 64 5.2.3 Audit Messages for the Running Example . 66 5.2.4 Transformation Result . 68 5.2.5 Visualization . 69 5.2.6 Discussion and Issues . 69 5.3 Data Warehouse Approach . 70 5.3.1 OpenSLEX Meta Model . 71 5.3.2 Mapping and Integration . 72 5.3.3 Discussion and Issues . 75 5.4 Process Mining Interface . 76 5.4.1 Simulate . 77 5.4.2 Store & Provide . 78 5.4.3 Analyze . 80 5.4.4 Test Results . 81 5.4.5 Discussion and Issues . 82 5.5 Discussion . 84 5.5.1 Data Quality in Audit Logs . 84 6 Compliance Checking 87 6.1 Melanoma Surveillance . 88 6.2 Characteristics of the Case Study . 89 6.3 Methodology . 90 6.3.1 Data Preparation . 90 6.3.2 Time Boxing . 91 6.3.3 Conformance Checking . 92 6.4 Results of the Case Study . 92 6.4.1 Data Preparation . 93 6.4.2 Conformance Checking . 94 6.4.3 Applied Process Discovery . 96 6.5 Discussion . 97 6.5.1 Reuse of Clinical Data for Process Mining . 97 6.5.2 Events with Time Constraints Spanning a Long Period of Time 99 6.5.3 Medical Implications . 99 6.5.4 Guideline Compliance Measurement . 101 7 Conclusions and Outlook 103 7.1 Research Questions Revisited . 103 7.2 Impact and Future ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Escmid News 3 3008 Final.Pdf
    3 /2008 ESCMID SOCIETY ESCMID Web Relaunch in NEWS November 2008 page 4 PROFESSIONAL AFFAIRS Report and Photo Gallery: The ESCMID Professional Affairs Workshop page 15 Survey of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Europe – ESCMID Opens Country- specific Websites page 20 Tasks and Possible Benefi ts of a Closer Liaison. Between CMs and IDs Specialists: Sharing Responsibilities. Starting ID Day Prompt Diagnosis Resistance Protection from from the CM Lab! (CM) Surveillance (CM) Antimicrobial Resistance (CM+ID) Reduction of Antibiotic Policies Appropriateness of Application of Antimicrobial (ID+CM) Antimicrobial PK/PD (ID) Resistance therapy (ID) (CM+ID) Surgical Hospital Hospital Infection Written guidelines Prophylaxis (ID) Epidemiology Control (CM+ID) for diagnosis and (CM+ID) therapy of Infections Diseases (ID+CM) In this Issue Table of Contents Society Science and Education 3 Editorial 26 Reports on Training in a Foreign Institution: 4 Vote Now and Elect Your Representatives! – Role of Lipooligosaccharide Locus Classes 4 ESCMID Web Relaunch in November 2008 in Diversity and Invasion Potential of 5 From the Executive Campylobacter Jejuni 6 Messages from the CMI Editors – A Quest for Antibiotic Treatment 8 Joint ESCMID and FEMS Research Alternatives for Cholera in an Era of Fellowships Challenging Antimicrobial Resistance 9 ESCMID Scholarships 2008 – Rotavirus Surveillance in Bulgaria – Present State and Future Directions Professional Affairs 32 Course Review: 7th ESCMID Summer 15 Report and Photo Gallery: The ESCMID School 2008 Professional Affairs Workshop Erratum 20 Survey of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Europe – ESCMID Calendar Opens Country-specifi c Websites 34 Forthcoming Events 24 ESCMID Observerships and Collaborative Centres 25 UEMS: The First Meeting of the Section of Medical Microbiology ESCMID News Copyright for articles accepted in the next month‘s issue.
    [Show full text]
  • SB 122 Evidence-Based Health Insurance Benefits Background
    SB 122 Evidence-Based Health Insurance Benefits Background: Evidence-based medical practice reviews are performed by professional societies (e.g. American College of Physicians) and standard setting organizations such as the Oregon Health Evidence Review Commission (HERC) (ORS 414.690) to encourage the use of best current scientific evidence and analysis of comparative effectiveness in the delivery of medical care (pharmaceuticals, technologies, medical equipment, services and procedures) and third-party coverage decisions. These reviews and guidelines (or guidances) represent a proven strategy for quality improvement and practice consistency. In many instances, empirical evidence has demonstrated that they have generated considerable cost- savings, as well. Problem and Opportunity: Although the strategy, itself, has been shown to be effective, its overall impact depends on the degree to which practitioners apply the reviews and guidelines in actual patient care. Adherence rates have varied geographically and by service or procedure. A study of cancer specialists in a large specialty network reported that 54% complied with evidence-based guidelines; a similar study of Michigan cardiologists indicated statewide average adherence to guidelines for cardiac angioplasty of 57% with a range of 45%-82% across hospital referral regions. The problem is: how to increase practitioner adherence to gold-standard evidence-based medical reviews and guidelines. Approach: Insurance benefit design can be an important element of a robust strategy for reducing healthcare costs and improving quality and consistency of care. One way the strategy could work would be to limit covered benefits to those services (including procedures, pharmaceuticals, devices and supplies) that met evidence-based guidelines. This approach could be applied to a limited number of covered benefits on a pilot basis to demonstrate its feasibility and to work out any kinks.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing Evidence-Based Practice in Primary Care Physiotherapy
    Linköping University Medical Dissertation No. 1486 Advancing evidence-based practice in primary care physiotherapy Guideline implementation, clinical practice, and patient preferences Susanne Bernhardsson Division of Physiotherapy Department of Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University, Sweden Linköping 2015 Susanne Bernhardsson, 2015 Cover art: “Not black or white”, © Lucas McNabb, 2015 Published articles have been reprinted with the permission of the respective copyright holder. Papers I and II have been reprinted from Phys Ther. 2013;93:819–32 and Phys Ther. 2014;94:343–354 with permission of the American Physical Therapy Association. ©2013 and ©2014, respectively, of the American Physical Therapy Association. Paper IV has been reprinted from J Eval Clin Pract. 2015; Epub 2015 May 19, with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ©2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright for Paper III is held by the authors. Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2015 ISBN: 978-91-7685-935-3 ISSN: 0345-0082 Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do. —Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................i LIST OF PUBLICATIONS .................................................................................................... iii ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. iv TERMS
    [Show full text]
  • Topic 10: Patient Safety and Invasive Procedures
    Topic 10: Patient safety and invasive procedures Why patient safety is relevant to Although the principles described in this topic are surgery and invasive procedures 1 important for both surgical and invasive There is now plenty of evidence to show that procedures, most of the evidence in the literature patients who undergo a surgical or an invasive relates to surgical care. procedure are at increased risk of suffering an adverse event [1-3]. This is not because the Learning outcomes: knowledge and surgeons and proceduralists are careless or performance incompetent, rather it is because we now know about the many opportunities for things to go What does a student need to know wrong because of the many steps involved in (knowledge requirements): 3 surgical procedures. In addition, there are the • the main types of adverse events problems caused by surgical site infections that associated with surgical and invasive account for a significant proportion of all health procedures care; care-associated infections. This topic will assist • the verification processes for improving students to understand how patient safety surgical and invasive procedures care. principles can assist in minimizing adverse events associated with invasive procedures. There are What a student needs to do (performance many validated guidelines now available to assist requirements): 4 the health-care team deliver safe surgical care. • follow a verification process to eliminate There may not be many opportunities for students wrong patient, wrong side and wrong to implement many of these steps to improve procedure; surgical outcomes. Nonetheless they can observe • practise operating room techniques that how the health professionals communicate with reduce risks and errors (time-out, briefings, one another and what techniques they use to debriefings, stating concerns); make sure they are operating on the correct person • participate in an educational process for or doing the procedure on the correct body part.
    [Show full text]
  • Empyema UHL Childrens Medical Guideline
    LRI Children’s Hospital Empyema UHL Childrens Medical Guideline Staff relevant to: Medical & nursing staff caring for Children admitted to UHL Children’s Hospital with para-pneumonic effusions and empyema. Team approval date: June 2019 AWP approval date: January 2020 Version: 3 Revision due: January 2023 Written by: M Narayanan Trust Ref: C127/2016 1. Introduction and Who Guideline applies to This guideline is particularly applicable to para-pneumonic effusions and empyema in Children admitted to UHL Children’s Hospital. It should be read alongside the community acquired pneumonia guideline and the chest drain in children guideline. This guideline does not apply to the following special situations: 1) Empyema following trauma 2) Iatrogenic empyema (e.g. due to mediastinal or pleural procedures). 3) High suspicion of non-infective pathology (e.g. malignancy). The original version of this guideline was based on the recommendations issued by the BTS in 2005 (1). Considering that the original BTS recommendation is now dated, this revision takes into account other evidence, and evidence based guidance issued by other authorities (2, 3). Related documents: UHL ref C62/2019 - Chest Drain Management UHL Childrens Hospital Guideline UHL ref C96/2016 - Pneumonia - Inpatient UHL Childrens Hospital Guideline UHL ref C8/2019 - Tuberculosis UHL Childrens Hospital Guideline Page 1 of 12 Title: Empyema UHL Childrens Medical Guideline V: 3 Approved by Children’s Clinical Practice Group on: June 2019, AWP approval: January 2020 Trust Ref: C127/2016 Next Review: January 2023 NB: Paper copies of this document may not be most recent version. The definitive version is held in the Trust Policy and Guideline Library.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Traditional Medicine In
    Choi et al. Implementation Science (2015) 10:104 DOI 10.1186/s13012-015-0294-1 Implementation Science RESEARCH Open Access The quality of clinical practice guidelines in traditional medicine in Korea: appraisal using the AGREE II instrument Tae-Young Choi1†, Jiae Choi1†, Ju Ah Lee1, Ji Hee Jun1, Bongki Park2 and Myeong Soo Lee1* Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in traditional medicine (TM) in South Korea using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument to further enhance the CPG development. Methods: A search was performed for guidelines in Korea from inception until March 2014 in the major Korean guideline websites [the Korean Medical Guideline Information Centre (KoMGI), the Korean Guideline Clearing House (KGC)], PubMed and seven Korean electronic databases; the Association of Korean Oriental Medicine (AKOM) was also consulted. Five independent assessors rated the quality of each CPG using the AGREE II instrument and calculated the mean score of each AGREE item. The overall agreement amongst reviewers was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Initially, 17 CPGs were examined for TM in Korea, and only 8 CPGs satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean scores for each AGREE II domain were as follows: (1) scope and purpose, 60.0 % (CIs, 45.05-74.94 %); (2) stakeholder involvement, 56.11 % (41.28-70.94 %); (3) rigour of development, 42.7 % (23.48-61.92 %); (4) clarity and presentation, 62.50 % (50.89-74.10 %); (5) applicability, 20.31 % (13.96-26.66 %); and (6) editorial independence, 44.58 % (10.78-78.38 %).
    [Show full text]
  • Radiofrequency Ablation of Tumors
    Radiofrequency Ablation of Tumors Last Review Date: May 7, 2021 Number: MG.MM.SU.52cC2 Medical Guideline Disclaimer Property of EmblemHealth. All rights reserved. The treating physician or primary care provider must submit to EmblemHealth the clinical evidence that the patient meets the criteria for the treatment or surgical procedure. Without this documentation and information, EmblemHealth will not be able to properly review the request for prior authorization. The clinical review criteria expressed below reflects how EmblemHealth determines whether certain services or supplies are medically necessary. EmblemHealth established the clinical review criteria based upon a review of currently available clinical information (including clinical outcome studies in the peer reviewed published medical literature, regulatory status of the technology, evidence-based guidelines of public health and health research agencies, evidence-based guidelines and positions of leading national health professional organizations, views of physicians practicing in relevant clinical areas, and other relevant factors). EmblemHealth expressly reserves the right to revise these conclusions as clinical information changes and welcomes further relevant information. Each benefit program defines which services are covered. The conclusion that a particular service or supply is medically necessary does not constitute a representation or warranty that this service or supply is covered and/or paid for by EmblemHealth, as some programs exclude coverage for services or supplies that EmblemHealth considers medically necessary. If there is a discrepancy between this guideline and a member's benefits program, the benefits program will govern. In addition, coverage may be mandated by applicable legal requirements of a state, the Federal Government or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for Medicare and Medicaid members.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Controls Needed to Assure Validity of Medicare Hospice
    , ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Office of Inspector General Memorandum Nov 41997 Date June Gibbs Brown From Inspector Gener B Subject Enhanced Contro@ ceded to Assure‘“ Validity of Medicare Hospice Enrollments (A-05 -96-OO023) To Nancy-Ann Min DeParle Deputy Administrator Health Care Financing Administration Attached are two copies of our final report entitled “Enhanced Controls Needed to Assure Validity of Medicare Hospice Enrolhnents.” The objective of this report was to consolidate and present issues disclosed by our ongoing Project Operation Restore Trust (ORT) audits of Medicare hospice services. Some of the hospices which we have audited and referred to in this report are also the subject of continuing Office of Inspector General (OIG) review. The Medicare hospice program, while highly respected and successful in its mission, is a program which has experienced a substantial number of ineligible enrolhnents as identified in our audits. The reviews focused on determining whether the beneficiaries met the Medicare definition of “terminally ill” at the time of enrolhnent in the hospice program. The audits covered 12 large hospices located in 4 ORT States (Illinois, Florida, Texas, and California). Working with us, physicians from Medicare Peer Review Organizations (PRO’s) reviewed the medical files of all 2,109 long-term beneficiaries in those hospices that had been in care over 210 days, or that had been discharged fkom hospice at some point after reaching the 210 day threshold. The PRO physicians conch.ided that 1,373 of the selected beneficiaries were ineligible for hospice because, at the time of initial diagnosis, they were not terminally ill as defined by Medicare regulations, i.e., having a life expectancy of 6 months or less (we hereinafter use the phrase “terminally ill” as defined in Medicare regulations).
    [Show full text]
  • Private Regulation
    PRIVATE REGULATION RONEN AVRAHAM* INTRODUCTION ............................................................546 I. THE VARIOUS COSTS OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM...........................................554 A. Costs Associated with Underuse ................556 B. Costs Associated with Misuse .....................557 C. Costs Associated with Overuse...................558 1. Defensive Medicine ................................558 2. Offensive Medicine.................................559 3. Cost‐apathetic Medicine ........................561 4. Compassionate Medicine.......................561 D. Summary ........................................................562 II. IS CURRENT MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAW THE ANSWER?...............................................563 A. Can Tort Law Tackle the Healthcare System’s Costs?..............................................563 B. Can Current CPGs Tackle the Costs of the Healthcare System?............................568 1. When the Government Writes Guidelines ................................................568 * Thomas Shelton Maxey Professor of Law, University of Texas at Austin. I thank Jennifer Arlen, Bernie Black, Oren Bracha, Richard Epstein, John Golden, Clark Havighurst, Mark Hall, David Hyman, Timothy Jost, Ariel Porat, Osama Mikhail, Arnold Rosoff, Bill Sage, Catherine Sharkey, Charlie Silver, and the participants of the Interdisciplinary Center in Israel Faculty Colloquium (Mar. 2011), the American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics Annual Meeting (June 2010), the American Association of Law and
    [Show full text]
  • How Often Do Medical Management Guidelines Change for People with Germline Genetic Findings?
    October 2019 How Often Do Medical Management Guidelines Change for People with Germline Genetic Findings? A Solution for Keeping Patients and Providers Updated www.MyGeneCounsel.com THE EVOLUTION OF GENETIC TESTING Since the completion of the mapping of the human genome in 2003, there has been exponential growth in clinical genetic testing. Genetic testing was once more limited and much more focused. Testing for single syndromes, ranging from Huntington disease to breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility, was customary. This evolved into widespread use of multigene panels that test many genes simultaneously for a common indication, such as hereditary cancer or cardiac disease. Early panels analyzed from 10 to 25 genes, while newer multigene panels can include analysis of hundreds of genes. Whole-exome and whole-genome tests, analyzing the coding regions or complete genomes of individuals, respectively, are becoming more common, even as first tier tests1. In a 2018 study that described the clinical genetic 75,000+ testing landscape, it was estimated that there were Genetic tests on the market 75,000 genetic tests on the market, with up to 10 new tests introduced daily2. Of these tests, 14 10 percent were multigene panels, whole-exome, or New genetic tests whole-genome tests. introduced each day To add to the complexity, direct-to-consumer (“DTC”) genetic testing has exploded. More than 26 26,000,000 People have had consumer million people have already undergone DNA testing DNA testing by submitting their saliva samples via at-home spit kits to gain insight into things like ancestry, fitness and lifestyle traits, and health information3.
    [Show full text]
  • IL Individual Health Exchange Catastrophic HMO Policy
    IL Individual Health Exchange Catastrophic HMO Policy IL_IND_CAT_HMO_HIX_2020 Health Alliance Medical Plans complies with applicable Federal civil rights laws and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability or sex. Health Alliance Medical Plans does not exclude people or treat them differently because of race, color, national origin, age, disability or sex. Health Alliance Medical Plans: • Provides free aids and services to people with disabilities to communicate effectively with us, such as: o Qualified sign language interpreters o Written information in other formats (large print, audio, accessible electronic formats, other formats) • Provides free language services to people whose primary language is not English, such as: o Qualified interpreters o Information written in other languages If you need these services, contact customer service. If you believe that Health Alliance Medical Plans has failed to provide these services or discriminated in another way on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, or sex, you can file a grievance with: Health Alliance Medical Plans, Customer Service, 3310 Fields South Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61822, telephone: 1-866-247-3296, TTY: 711, fax: 217-902-9705, [email protected]. You can file a grievance in person or by mail, fax or email. If you need help filing a grievance, Customer Service is available to help you. You can also file a civil rights complaint with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights electronically through the Office for Civil Rights Complaint Portal, available at https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/portal/lobby.jsf, or by mail or phone at: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambulatory Monitoring Electroencephalogram (EEG)
    Ambulatory Monitoring Electroencephalogram (EEG) Last Review Date: May 7, 2021 Number: MG.MM.ME.76a Medical Guideline Disclaimer Property of EmblemHealth. All rights reserved. The treating physician or primary care provider must submit to EmblemHealth the clinical evidence that the patient meets the criteria for the treatment or surgical procedure. Without this documentation and information, EmblemHealth will not be able to properly review the request for prior authorization. The clinical review criteria expressed below reflects how EmblemHealth determines whether certain services or supplies are medically necessary. EmblemHealth established the clinical review criteria based upon a review of currently available clinical information (including clinical outcome studies in the peer reviewed published medical literature, regulatory status of the technology, evidence-based guidelines of public health and health research agencies, evidence-based guidelines and positions of leading national health professional organizations, views of physicians practicing in relevant clinical areas, and other relevant factors). EmblemHealth expressly reserves the right to revise these conclusions as clinical information changes and welcomes further relevant information. Each benefit program defines which services are covered. The conclusion that a particular service or supply is medically necessary does not constitute a representation or warranty that this service or supply is covered and/or paid for by EmblemHealth, as some programs exclude coverage for services or supplies that EmblemHealth considers medically necessary. If there is a discrepancy between this guideline and a member's benefits program, the benefits program will govern. In addition, coverage may be mandated by applicable legal requirements of a state, the Federal Government or the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for Medicare and Medicaid members.
    [Show full text]