St Ann Way Bridge Link

Cultural Heritage Assessment

March 2006

St Ann Way Bridge Link

Cultural Heritage Assessment

Prepared for English Partnerships

Job No Date Status Prepared by Checked by Approved for Issue

D111934 March Final Andy Mayes Annette Roe Andrew Harris 06

Scott Wilson The Design Innovation Centre 46 The Calls Leeds LS2 7EY

0113246 1844

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...... 1

2 PLANNING BACKGROUND ...... 2

3 BASELINE CONDITIONS...... 6

4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ...... 25

5 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 33

6 CONCLUSIONS...... 34

St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment

Illustrations

Fig 1 Site location

Fig 2 The application area showing identification of structures and statutory designations (updated 2005)

Fig 3 Canal Company map of 1840

Fig 4 Causton’s map of 1843

Fig 5 Cadle’s map of 1877

Fig 6 Ordnance Survey map 1883

Fig 7 Ordnance Survey map 1923

Fig 8 Archaeological Potential Schematic Sections A-C

Fig 9 Archaeological Potential Schematic Section D

Fig 10 Impact of the Scheme

Tables

Table 1. Guidance factors in the establishment of importance of heritage features

Abbreviations used in the text and Appendix 1

GUAD Gloucester Urban Archaeological Database

GSMR Gloucestershire Sites and Monuments Record

GMUS Gloucester City Museum

SAM Scheduled Ancient Monument

SW Scott Wilson

WYG White Young Green

Ref: K: D111934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/ 16th March 2006 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 This report has been prepared by Scott Wilson Heritage on behalf of English Partnerships in respect of a full, detailed application for the development of a canal bridge and elevated roadway as part of the Gloucester Inner Relief Road. It has been prepared by Andy Mayes (Archaeological Consultant) and Andrew Harris (Principal Built Heritage Consultant). Figures have been prepared by Dylan Turner (CAD Manager). The project was carried out under the overall management of Simon McCudden (Technical Director)

1.2 The report details the potential impacts on the cultural heritage resource (archaeology and historic buildings) to arise from the development. It sets out the relevant archaeological and historical background of the development (‘baseline conditions’), reviews local and national planning policy in respect of Archaeology and the Built Environment (‘planning background’) and assesses the potential impact of the proposed scheme (‘assessment of the impact’). Finally, recommendations are put forward to mitigate any adverse impacts on significant archaeological remains, or built heritage assets to meet policy objectives.

1.3 Several previous studies and sources have been used during the preparation of this report, specifically in respect of ‘baseline conditions’. The most significant of these is the Environmental Statement prepared in connection with a proposed mixed-use development at Gloucester Quays. The Environmental Statement included reports and research undertaken by Scott Wilson with specialist research by Dr Pat Hughes and Mr John Rhodes, and evaluation fieldwork carried out by Cotswold Archaeology.

1.4 The archaeological and historical sites and features discussed under ‘baseline conditions’ have been numbered and are referenced in the text; they are illustrated on Figure 2.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 1 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 2 PLANNING BACKGROUND

2.1 Legislative Requirement

2.1.1 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation areas) Act 1990 imposes a duty on the Secretary of State to compile lists of buildings of special architectural or historic interest. Section 66 of The Act imposes a duty in consideration of proposals within the setting of listed buildings to have special regard to the desirability of preserving that setting.

2.1.2 Section 69 of the act imposes a duty on local planning authorities to designate conservation areas any area of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.

2.2 National Policy Guidance

PPG15

2.2.1 Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 (PPG15) ‘Planning and the Historic Environment’ (1994) outlines Government’s advice to developers and local authorities in their consideration of development proposals affecting amongst other things Listed Buildings and their setting, conservation areas and other historic buildings.

2.2.2 With regard to sustainable development and balancing the need for new development with the need to preserve the historic environment the PPG comments that:

‘the historic environment of England is all pervasive, and it cannot in practice be preserved unchanged. We must ensure that the means are available to identify what is special in the historic environment; to define through the development plan system its capacity to change, and, when proposals for new development come forward, to assess their impact on the historic environment and give it full weight alongside other considerations’ (PPG 15, paragraph 1.3)

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 2 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Listed Buildings and their setting

2.2.3 Paragraphs 2.16 to 2.17 of PPG 15 identify the importance that Government attaches to a consideration of any potential effects by development on the setting of listed buildings.

2.2.4 The setting of a building is not precisely defined, largely as it may vary from building to building. Paragraph 2.16 of the PPG identifies the setting as:

‘being an essential part of the building’s character, especially if a garden or grounds have been laid out to compliment its design or function’…….

Additionally, the PPG indicates that the interest of a listed building could be diminished if that building were to become isolated from its surrounds:

‘the character of historic buildings may suffer and they can be robbed of much of their interest, and of the contribution they make to townscape or countryside, if they become isolated from their surroundings, e.g. by new traffic routes, car parks or other development’. (PPG 15, paragraph2.16).

2.2.5 The extent of possible setting is identified at para 2.17 ‘the setting of a building may be limited to obviously ancillary land, but may often include land some distance from it’. It is necessary for the extent of setting to be assessed in each individual case, the setting of some buildings may be wider than that for others.

2.2.6 With regard to setting, subsection (iii) of paragraph 3.5 expands upon the importance of the inter-relationship between the interest of a building and it’s setting. Stating that it is relevant to consider:

‘the building’s setting and its contribution to the local scene, which may be very important, e.g. where it forms an element in a group, park or garden or other townscape or landscape, or whether it shares particular architectural forms or details with other buildings nearby’.

Conservation Ar

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 3 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Paragraph 4.1 of PPG 15 reminds us that it is the duty of planning authorities:

‘to designate as conservation areas any “areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance”’.

2.2.7 Paragraph 4.16 of PPG15 advises that the conservation of the character of an area is a major consideration, but that:

• this cannot realistically take the form of preventing all new development, and

• the emphasis needs to be on controlled and positive management of change.

PPG16

2.2.8 Advice on the treatment of archaeology in the planning process is set out in Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16). This document outlines the Secretary of State's policy on archaeological remains and how they should be preserved or recorded. It gives particular attention to the discovery and handling of archaeological remains within the development planning process.

2.2.9 This guidance seeks to balance the preservation of significant archaeological remains with the demands of modern society and continuing development. PPG 16 recognises archaeological remains to be a fragile and finite non-renewable resource that can contain irreplaceable information about the past (paragraph 2.6). The guidance determines a presumption in favour of in situ preservation of archaeological remains, particularly those considered to be of national importance: 'Where nationally important remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation'.

2.2.10 The desirability of preserving scheduled and unscheduled archaeological monuments of national importance and their settings is considered to be a material consideration in the planning process and should be dealt with as an integral part of development control (paragraph 2.18). An early

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 4 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment assessment of archaeological potential is recognised to enable impact upon sensitive areas to be minimised and to reduce potential conflict between development and preservation (paragraph 2.12-2.14).

2.2.11 Archaeological excavation enabling preservation by record is considered to be an acceptable alternative only when in situ preservation is not feasible (paragraph 2.13).

2.2.12 Where archaeological remains of lesser importance are thought to exist on a development site, the planning authority is advised to weigh up the relative importance of the archaeology against the need for the proposed development.

2.2.13 Field evaluations can be requested by the planning authority where important archaeological remains are thought to exist. These may be included as part of the planning application, enabling an informed decision to be made (paragraph 2.21).

2.2.14 Where preservation by record is determined to be suitable by the planning authority, planning conditions or agreements with the developer will outline a suitable program of excavation and publication (paragraph 2.25). The case for preservation in situ or by record will be assessed on the individual merits of each case, including the intrinsic importance of the remains and the need for the proposed development.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 5 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3 BASELINE CONDITIONS

3.1 Location

3.1.1 The Application Area spans two quite distinct locations either side of the Gloucester-Sharpness Canal within Central Gloucester. The general area is known locally as Gloucester Quays. The eastern bank of the Application Area is known as Monk Meadow with Llanthony Quay and the western bank known as Baker’s Quay (Fig. 1). The central point of the site is located at SO 824 178.

3.1.2 The proposed development runs in a straight line northwest from the junction of St Ann Way in Baker’s Quay across the canal and through Monk Meadow to link with Llanthony Road.

3.1.3 Monk Meadow on the west side of the canal, consists of mostly small- scale, loosely grouped commercial buildings. To the north and outside of the Application Area, is the site of Llanthony Priory, a scheduled ancient monument. The canal and its west bank are included in the Docks Conservation Area.

3.1.4 There are no buildings of architectural interest within Monk Meadow. Buildings that currently occupy this part of the Application Area consist of poor quality industrial units of late 20th century date.

3.1.5 Baker’s Quay, on the eastern side of the canal, currently comprises large- scale industrial and commercial premises in a linear streetscape setting. Many of the buildings are listed and included within the Docks Conservation Area. The condition of the buildings varies, but most are vacant and the appearance of the area is of poor quality.

3.2 Geology

3.2.1 The geology of the site comprises Lower Lias Clays overlain by Estuarine Alluvium in the north and west of the development area (Roscoe Capita 2001).

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 6 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.3 General Historical Context of the Application Site and Environs

3.3.1 In summary, Llanthony Secunda Priory was founded in 1136 on the edge of the settled area of medieval Gloucester. The priory was dissolved in 1538 and its site remodelled into a country residence. The priory buildings were ransacked during the Civil War and by 1670 many of the buildings, including the church and house had either been demolished or were derelict.

3.3.2 In 1793, an Act of Parliament was passed for the establishment of a canal company and for the construction of a canal and basin on the south side of Gloucester. Excavation began in 1794 and following a series of delays the works were finally completed in 1827.

3.3.3 In 1836, agreement was made to allow for the widening of the canal south of Llanthony Bridge and for the development of land at Baker’s Quay for commercial and industrial use. The first of the warehouses, Pillar and Lucy Warehouse, was constructed in 1838, the remaining plots developed as timber yards. These developments are depicted on the canal company’s map of 1840 (Fig. 3). The map shows the establishment of Merchants Road with some buildings on its west side. To the south beyond Baker’s Quay is High Orchard Dock and associated buildings. The line of Baker Street defining the south extent of Baker’s Quay had been established by the time that Causton’s map was published in 1843 (Fig. 4).

3.3.4 In 1852, The Midland Railway was granted permission to infill the High Orchard Dock so as to expand their railhead and in 1867 a shed for the temporary storage of transit goods was built.

3.3.5 In 1851, the west bank of the canal was widened and Llanthony Quay was developed primarily for the export of coal and in 1854 the Great Western Railway established a railhead here. In the 1860s Llanthony Bridge was rebuilt in order to carry a new rail line linking the east and west sides of the canal.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 7 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Historical Context of Baker’s Quay

3.3.6 Although there are no recorded sites within Baker’s Quay, the earliest known archaeology in the vicinity relates to Roman activity in Gloucester. In the area occupied by the modern city centre, a legionary fortress (Glevum) was established from c.AD67 and was replaced by a colonia (Colonia Nervia Glevensium) later in the first century. The postulated route of the Roman road from Gloucester to Sea Mills corresponds with Southgate Street/Bristol Road (the A430), which runs just beyond the eastern development boundary. Although the sites of known Roman period activity tend to occur nearer to the Roman fort and colonia, some distance to the north of the current development site (Fig. 2, Site Number 44-51), it has been suggested that outlying Roman settlement and/or burials could lie along this road (SW 2004). There have, however, also been a small number of finds recorded from locations just south of the development area (Fig. 2, Site Number 25, 26, 30). These include a Roman lamp, Roman and medieval artifacts and some undated human burials.

3.3.7 There is an absence of evidence for settlement and/or occupation activity or occupation within Baker’s Quay until the medieval period when cartographic sources reveal that it was in the possession of Llanthony Priory (SW 2004). Baker’s Quay occupies the site of part of the churchyard, the mill-race (and possibly the mill) and the priory’s pastures/orchards (Figs 4-7, SW 2004). The route of the Sudbrook (Fig. 2, Site Number 4) traverses the southern side of Baker’s Quay; it flowed under the Bristol Road (now Southgate Street) and along the southern boundary of the priory properties. The priory corn mill was located in the southeastern corner of the priory inner precinct (SW 2004), and was powered with water diverted from the Sudbrook, with the mill-race rejoining the stream at the western edge of Baker’s Quay. The mill continued to be used after the dissolution (1540) and was rebuilt several times during the 17th century. The southern watercourse depicted on Figure 2 represents the natural course of the Sudbrook. Historic sources place the mill as on or near Elmyn Rowes pasture which corresponds approximately with St Ann

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 8 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Way. The precise site of the mill is not known but the mill-pond lay at the convergence of the diverted millstream and the Sudbrook.

3.3.8 Notably, the recent detailed research has found no evidence to support the previous assertion that a medieval road (Sudbrokestrete) extended into the area of the current Application Site (SW 2004). In the medieval period, High Orchard was separated from the Bristol Road by a wall and there is no evidence that any buildings were located on the western side of that road. In 1329, the priory took possession of a block of houses (corresponding with 134-166 Southgate Street). These properties formally lay to the north of the development site.

3.3.9 High Orchard was described as pasture in 1670 and in 1815. There is no documentary evidence for any buildings within Baker’s Quay prior to the 19th century (John Rhodes pers. comm.).

3.3.10 Although some poor quality buildings and dwellings were present in Baker’s Quay in the early 19th century, organised development began in the 1830s when the site was bought by a group of Gloucester businessmen. A new quayside with warehouses and roads was constructed and new premises were built along Llanthony Road. Prominent within this early development was the Pillar Warehouse which still survives (Fig 2, Site Number, 39), the American and Baltic timber yards with sheds and cranes occupying an area between the quayside and High Orchard Street (Fig. 2, Site Number 38). At the southern end of the quay, close to the former Sudbrook, were the Anti-Dry Rot Company (Fig. 2, Site Number 29) and the Gloucester Saw Mills (Fig. 2, Site Number 28).

3.3.11 In 1839 plans were submitted for the construction of High Orchard Dock (Fig.2, Site Number 32) to link water transport with a proposed railway (SW 2004). The dock was 360 feet long and 40 feet wide. Notably, its construction was reported to be hindered by the presence of a culvert which diverted the Sudbrook beneath the canal.

3.3.12 The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway Company also bought land at the southern end of Baker’s Quay to construct a rail link. The company was then leased to the Midland Railway and the rail line was opened in 1848. In

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 9 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment addition to the link to High Orchard Dock there were two spurs leading to the warehouses and timber yards to the north (SW 2004). The curved line of one of these spurs is perpetuated today by buildings to the east of High Orchard Street. By 1852, the dock was made redundant by better facilities elsewhere and High Orchard Dock was infilled between 1852 and 1854. A transit shed was built over the dock site by 1854

3.3.13 Coking ovens were built adjacent to the railway lines in 1839-40 and 1852- 54 and replaced by a railway goods yard by 1877 (Fig. 2. Site Number 33

3.3.14 St Luke’s Church (Fig. 2, Site Number 34) opened in 1841 to serve the new communities living in Baker’s Quay. In 1934, the church was closed and demolished when the parish was absorbed into Christchurch (SW 2004). In 1940, the land, including the graveyard, was purchased by Fielding and Platt and arrangements were made with Christchurch Church Council for the clearance of the graveyard. The site of the churchyard is now occupied by a car park.

3.3.15 In the late 19th century, most of the canal-side land to the north of Baker Street was still occupied by timber yards, whilst the area further south was dominated by the expanded railway yards and, by 1862, Foster’s Oil Mill (Fig. 2, Site Number 31). Slippage of the quay wall to the front of the oil mill and railway yards caused problems in 1892 and could have been related to the presence of the culverted Sudbrook which had been the cause of previous damage at the site (SW 2004).

Historical Context of Monk Meadow

3.3.16 There is no evidence of activity within Monk Meadow until the medieval period when this low-lying, marshy area was owned by Gloucester Abbey and was used for both pasture and arable farming. Rights to parts of the meadow were exchanged several times until the Enclosure Act of 1815 placed the meadow into the possession of the Llanthony Estate. There is, however, no evidence for buildings on the meadow prior to the industrial development of the area.

3.3.17 Cartographic sources indicate that the first buildings in the area appeared in the late 19th/early 20th centuries when the docks, railways and timber

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 10 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment yards were constructed. Monk Meadow Dock was opened in April 1892 to serve the timber yards which occupied the eastern and western banks of the Gloucester and Berkeley (now Sharpness) Canal (Fig. 2, Site Number 22).

3.3.18 In the 1920s it became Gloucester’s main petroleum dock, serving the adjacent depots until the 1960s when a new depot was constructed further along the canal at Quedgeley. The dock itself is notable for the early use of concrete in its construction but the present site contains no sites or features of interest relating to dock’s heritage (Hugh Conway-Jones pers. comm.). Historically, the area has also been traversed by numerous railway lines and sidings; some of the routes are fossilised in the modern road layout.

3.4 Statutory designations

3.4.1 At its eastern extent, and as it crosses the canal, the application site is located immediately adjacent to the Gloucester Docks Conservation Area. At its western extent, and on its northern side it abuts the Llanthony Priory Scheduled Ancient Monument within which are a number of listed buildings (Fig. 2)

3.5 Geotechnical and Archaeological Background (Figs 8 and 9)

General

3.5.1 An initial site visit and walkover survey were undertaken by Andrea Burgess on 12th February 2003, accompanied by Dr Pat Hughes, Mr John Rhodes and Mr Hugh Conway-Jones. The site was inspected from public rights of way and no access to buildings was obtained. Subsequent site visits were undertaken by Andy Mayes in September and October 2005 to assess modern disturbance across the site.

3.5.2 An Archaeological Evaluation by trial trenching was undertaken in Baker’s Quay and Monk Meadow in August and September 2003 by Cotswold Archaeology (Fig. 2). In addition, further documentary and cartographic research was carried out by Dr Pat Hughes and John Rhodes following the Phase 2 evaluation. The field evaluations were monitored by Scott Wilson,

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 11 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment the Gloucester City Archaeologist and English Heritage. The results of Gloucester Quays evaluation Phases 1-3 have been submitted to the Gloucester City Archaeologist and English Heritage (SW 2005).

3.5.3 White Young Green carried out field geotechnical investigations in advance of the current proposed scheme during November 2005 (WYG 2005). The investigations comprised road cores, window samples, cable and percussion boreholes and test pits (Fig. 2). The geotechnical works present an opportunity to obtain preliminary archaeological information without the need for additional ground disturbance. Mead

Archaeological Baseline of Monk Meadow

3.5.4 The Gloucester Urban Archaeological Database (GUAD) describes the archaeology of Monk Meadow as ‘un-characterised’ as there are no previously recorded archaeological remains within the area (Fig. 2). The results of the archaeological investigations undertaken as part of the wider Gloucester Quays scheme are not yet present in the database.

3.5.5 The only recorded archaeological investigation in the vicinity of Monk Meadow lies beyond the development area to the west of Hemsted Lane (Fig. 2, Site Number 2) and it provides evidence of the earliest activity in the area. No archaeological features were identified but the site yielded a number of unstratified finds that included Roman coins, a musket ball, a buckle and some copper alloy tokens.

Geotechnical Investigations in Monk Meadow

3.5.6 Eight geotechnical investigations (five window samples, two test pits and a borehole) were undertaken in Monk Meadow (Figs 2 and3). The uppermost natural deposits were identified at between 0.4m and 3.7m below present ground surface and in all cases these were directly overlain by made ground of post-medieval/modern date (WYG 2004). The greatest depths of modern overburden were recorded at canal-side locations, reflecting the extent of ground disturbance and levelling resulting from canal construction.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 12 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.5.7 Made ground deposits relating to the industrial development of the area were identified during geotechnical investigations (Figs 2 and 3; WYG 2004). The geotechnical investigations revealed the presence of a series of make-up layers, the lowest of which are recorded as containing a small quantity of brick and metal. This material was incorporated into levelling or dumped deposits during canal and/or railway groundworks.

Archaeological Field Evaluation in Monk Meadow

3.5.8 Five archaeological trial trenches were excavated in Monk Meadow (Fig. 3, Trenches B1-B5). These were positioned to target areas of archaeological potential at the western edge of the wider Gloucester Quays site. Trenches B1 and B2 were positioned within the corridor of the proposed section of the Inner Relief Road and Trenches B3, B4 and B5 were positioned to the north of the current proposed scheme within the Scheduled Monument Area.

3.5.9 The archaeological deposits revealed within each of the trenches are described below. Each description begins with the lowest deposit and ends with the uppermost deposit. The three figure ‘context’ numbers included in each description refer to the detailed information included in the Archaeological Evaluation report (SW 2004).

Trench B1

3.5.10 This Trench was located towards the southern edge of the Application Site. No archaeological features or deposits were encountered within the trench. The natural clay substrate was typically revealed at a depth of 2.4m below present ground level overlain by clay (704), the latter possibly representing the original ground surface. Overlying deposit 704 was a further layer of clay, 703, up to 1.4m thick, containing frequent inclusions of brick and stone. This deposit was covered by two more layers (702 and 701) both of which contained large amounts of modern demolition material. Three modern brick walls were revealed, the construction cuts for which penetrated layers 701 to 704. The sequence was sealed by further demolition material 700 which formed the present ground surface.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 13 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Trench B2

3.5.11 Trench B2 was also located within the Application Site, close to the canal towpath. As in trench B1, no archaeological deposits or features were identified in this trench. Natural Lias Clay was revealed at a depth of between 2.1 and 2.5m below the present ground level. Immediately above this was clay deposit (606), similar in composition to 703 in trench B1. Here, this layer was up to 0.8m thick. It was overlain by three layers of demolition material that appear to correspond with the uppermost three deposits found in trench B1. Above these was a layer of gravel for the overlying tarmacadam surface.

Trench B3 (Figs. 3, 4 and 11)

3.5.12 Trench B3 was located outside of the Application Site within the Scheduled Ancient Monument. Natural clay substrate (310) was revealed at a depth of approximately 2m below the existing ground surface. It was cut by two parallel channels, 326 and 329, from which a moderate assemblage of bone was recovered. In addition, pottery dated to the 15th to 16th centuries was recovered from the uppermost fill of channel 326, and two fragments of ceramic building material were retrieved from channel 329. The relationship between these channels, and indeed their chronology remains unresolved, although it may be suggested that they are broadly contemporary.

3.5.13 Redeposited post-medieval clay (339) covered the natural substrate and sealed both channels. This was in turn overlain by three distinct deposits of demolition material comprising limestone fragments with ceramic brick and tile inclusions. Further episodes of post-medieval and modern dumping or levelling are represented by a sequence of layers overlying demolition layers 338 and 339. These were cut by substantial modern feature (321) that contained a clinker-rich fill. Three modern layers completed the sequence, the uppermost of which formed the present ground surface.

3.5.14 Within the western arm of the trench a stone wall (311) was revealed at a depth of 1.6m below the existing ground surface. It was aligned

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 14 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment approximately north/south, was of mortared limestone rubble construction, and measured 0.8m in width. A small assemblage of artefactual material dated to the 13th to 15th centuries was retrieved from deposit 312 that abutted the western side of the wall. This was overlain by limestone rubble (308). To the east of the wall 16th to 17th century artefacts were retrieved from deposits 315 and 316.

3.5.15 Immediately sealing the aforementioned deposits was demolition debris (314). This was in turn partially overlain by deposit 306, above which a series of modern deposits, collectively up to 1.5m thick, were identified.

3.5.16 Due to onsite restrictions it was not possible to excavate both sections of trench B3 in a single episode. Consequently the physical relationship between the two channels in the main part of the trench and the wall in the western arm could not be determined. In all likelihood channel 329 is sealed by layers 315 and 316 within the western arm of the trench.

Trench B4

3.5.17 Trench B4 was located to the north of the Application Site, within the boundaries of the Scheduled Ancient Monument. The natural clay and sand substrate was revealed at the southern end of trench B4 at a depth of 2.8m below present ground level. Two further lengths of wall were uncovered in trench B4. Wall 428 was identified in the main, eastern portion of the trench. It was revealed at a depth of 1.4m below present ground level aligned north to south and was of mortared limestone rubble construction, with squared blocks, possibly part of long and short work indicative of an entrance, at its northern end. Towards the southern end of the trench the wall had been truncated by large intrusive feature (449). This sequence was sealed by a series of dumped layers (436, 425, 429, 430, 431, 406, 423, 401 and 400) collectively up to approximately 1.9m thick. Modern drainage trench 426, which contained the remains of a timber box drain, cut redeposited clay layer 406 and the underlying deposits, and truncated wall 428.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 15 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.5.18 In the western arm of the trench a second section of wall (412), was revealed aligned perpendicular to wall 428. This survived in poor condition but appeared to be of similar character to 428. Areas of cobbled surfacing (410 and 411) were revealed on either side of wall 412 and a contemporary stone lined drain or culvert was also identified, passing beneath the wall. The wall and culvert cut through deposit 419 from which a considerable assemblage of finds dated to no earlier than the 17th century was recovered. The structural remains in this part of the trench were sealed by a number of dumped layers, which were in turn truncated by the large 19th-century rectangular pit 402 at the eastern end of the trench and a further large, undefined feature (422) at the western extent. Pit 402 and drain 426 obscured any relationship between walls 412 and 428.

3.5.19 All the deposits in trench B4 were sealed by a layer of modern make-up and the overlying concrete base of a former building, which shaped the present ground level.

Trench B5

3.5.20 This Trench was located outside the Application Area within the Scheduled Ancient Monument Area. Trench B5 contained no significant archaeological deposits. Natural clay substrate (503) was revealed at a depth of between 2.15m and 2.45m below present ground level. It was overlain by a substantial clay deposit (502), containing abundant modern artefacts, that was in turn cut by a large pit housing a circular reinforced concrete tank at the northeastern end of the trench. The tank and deposit 502 were sealed by rubble make-up (501), which was in turn covered by the present concrete yard surface.

Archaeological Baseline summary for Baker’s Quay

3.5.21 The Gloucester Urban Archaeological Database characterises the whole of this area as ‘Medieval suburbs, Post-medieval church and burial ground’. It must be stated that on current information, the church and the burial

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 16 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment ground are not believed to have extended as far south as the current Application Area.

Geotechnical Investigations in Baker’s Quay

3.5.22 Geotechnical investigations conducted by White Young Green (2005) within Baker’s Quay have indicated that ground disturbance has been extensive. Seven investigations (one test pit, four boreholes and two road cores) were undertaken (Figs 7, 8 and 9). The top of the natural substrate was identified at between 2.6m and 4.8m below the present ground surface and was overlain by made ground of post-medieval and modern date in all areas tested (SW 2004).

Archaeological Field Evaluation in Baker’s Quay

3.5.23 There had been only one archaeological investigation in the Application Area (Fig. 2, Site Number 36); this did not identified any archaeological remains. Generally, the development history of Baker’s Quay is well documented and mapped in detail, but there were some areas of medium archaeological potential which required field evaluation. For the purposes of evaluation, Baker’s Quay was labelled ‘Area D’ in the ES for the wider Gloucester Quays scheme (SW 2004).

Trench D1

3.5.24 Trench D1 was located close to the canal towpath. The excavation of Trench D1 revealed a substantial arched brick culvert cut through several layers of dumped clay, with the top of the culvert at a depth of c.2.2m below the present ground level (SW 2004). Elsewhere in the trench, modern features were revealed, comprising brick footings and a buried tarmac road. The trench had been located on the postulated line of the Sudbrook and it is, therefore, proposed that the culverted course of the Sudbrook was identified. No medieval structures were found and it is entirely possible that the mill now lies beneath the canal basin or was removed during canal construction.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 17 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.6 Listed Buildings

3.6.1 The following listed buildings, including those within the Llanthony Priory Scheduled Ancient Monument, are located in relative close proximity to the application area primarily along Baker’s Quay on the east side of the canal (Fig. 2). The views from these buildings will be affected by the proposed development. Of the buildings within the conservation area, only the Provender Mill (Fig. 2, No 3) is located in close proximity to the Application Area; however, the mill will not be directly affected. Within the Scheduled Ancient Monument Area, only the Grade I listed brick wall to the south of the Priory gatehouse is close.

Baker’s Quay

1 Downings Malthouse, Merchants Road

Grade II listed 19th century brick malthouse of 3 and 4 stories, with slate roof. The building is characterised by contrasting brick details and recessed panels and has a timber gable hoist.

2 Downings Malthouse extension Merchants Road

Grade II listed turn of the century brick malthouse. The building comprises two parallel ranges, in detail comparable to the earlier malthouse. On the canal elevation the upper floors are jettied over the ground floor on an iron colonnade.

3 Provender Mill, Merchants Road

Grade II listed 19th century brick built oil and seed mill. The building is of 5 storeys with a single storey parallel range to the south. On the canal side there is an iron-clad hoist on iron stanchions.

4 Pillar and Lucy Warehouse, Merchants Road

Grade II listed early 19th century 5-storey brick warehouse. On the canal side elevation the upper floors are jettied over the ground floor on an iron colonnade.

5 Midland Railway transit shed, Merchants Road

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 18 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Grade II listed mid-19th century iron framed railway shed of two parallel ranges with hipped slate roof.

Llanthony Priory Scheduled Ancient Monument

9 Outer Gatehouse

Grade I listed 15th century brick gatehouse with limestone facing with crenellated parapet.

10 Precinct Wall, north of gatehouse

Grade I listed 15th century and later precinct wall incorporating remains of former priory buildings.

11 Precinct Wall, south of gatehouse

Grade I listed 16th century crenellated brick wall.

12 Range on south side of inner court

Grade I listed 16th century structure, of 2 storeys with stone dressing to windows and doors.

13 Tithe Barn

Grade I listed 15th century ruined brick and stone barn with central opposing wagon entrance and porch.

14 Llanthony Priory Farmhouse

Grade II listed late 19th century brick 2-storey farmhouse built incorporating the remains of a medieval stone built range. Brick detailing and stone dressings in Tudor Gothic style.

3.7 The Gloucester Docks Conservation Area

3.7.1 The conservation area lies to the north of, and outside, the Application Area. Of the eight Listed Buildings in the conservation area only the Provender Mill (Fig 2, No.3,) is situated close to the Application Site. However, to assess the historic character of the area, a brief overview of the general area is given.

3.7.2 The chronological development of Baker’s Quay has resulted in an architectural character and appearance quite distinct from that elsewhere

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 19 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment within the Gloucester Docks Conservation Area. Buildings on the canal side are generally less consistent in form and style with a variety of heights not evident elsewhere within the docks.

3.7.3 The number of listed buildings on Baker’s Quay provides a strong sense of historic character. Despite this, however, the appearance of the area is one of poor quality. This is particularly evident at the southern end of Merchants Road. Here there is pronounced dereliction of buildings. In 2005 parts of historic buildings (structure 15) were required to be demolished following extensive fire damage. In this specific location buildings are set within an area of hard standing with no streetscape form or character. . Although this area lies outside of the conservation area, it provides one of its key viewpoints. From here, and from the edge of St Ann Way there are good long distance views north along Merchants Road and into the conservation area. The poor physical condition of the streetscape at this location has an adverse impact on the appearance of the conservation area.

3.7.4 Llanthony Quay on the west side of the canal is an open undeveloped area within which retains traces of the former railhead. This is an area of dereliction and provides a poor setting, both to the canal and Scheduled Ancient Monument. The completion of the new Gloscat development on the north side of the Scheduled Area will have a beneficial impact on the setting of the canal edge in this location. However, the current appearance of land within the southern extent of the Scheduled Ancient Monument and on the edge of the conservation area remains visually intrusive and detrimental to the setting of both the Scheduled Ancient Monument and the conservation area. Areas immediately to the south of the conservation area on the edge of Llanthony Quay are characterised by buildings of mostly post-war origin and of no architectural merit. The skyline on the west side of the canal is dominated by the 1943 grain silo.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 20 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.8 Llanthony Priory Scheduled Ancient Monument

3.8.1 The Scheduled Ancient Monument lies outside and to the north of the Application Site. The southern boundary of the Scheduled Ancient Monument provides the northern limit of the current Application Site.

3.8.2 The area of the SAM extends from Llanthony Quay west to Hempsted Lane and is an area of mostly open grass land within which are located the various priory buildings. The SAM provides a quiet refuge off Hempsted Lane and has an eastern outlook across the canal to the various mill buildings on Baker’s Quay. The precinct wall confines the western outlook. The setting to the south is characterised by a derelict industrial landscape within which there are no buildings of merit and no cohesive built form. The south setting to the SAM is of a poor appearance. The crenulated brick wall to the south of the Priory Gatehouse is the only structure located close to the Application Site at the northern end of the relief road junction with Llanthony Road. The wall terminates approximately 10m to the north of the schemes northern boundary and the terminal 3 m section of the wall appears modern in date.

3.9 Assessment of Historic and Architectural Interest

3.9.1 The commercial development of the canal side and its hinterland contributed to the development and growth of Gloucester and the application area lies adjacent to locations that form a significant part of Gloucester’s cultural identity.

3.9.2 The individual significance of each location was assessed in the Gloucester Quays Environmental Statement as follows:

Baker’s Quay

3.9.3 This is an area of historic character, located within a conservation area and comprising a number of listed buildings and other historic buildings. The various brick built mills define the architectural interest and malthouses built directly on the canal edge. These are of a good quality and well

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 21 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment detailed, yet typical of both their period and type. Baker’s Quay is an area of regional and national historic significance and of architectural interest.

Llanthony Priory

3.9.4 This is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, of national significance. It retains a group of medieval buildings of quite specific architectural interest including some of the earliest brick buildings in Gloucestershire. One of the early brick structures is the western boundary wall to the Priory Precinct. The southern end of this structure terminates approximately 10 m from the proposed development boundary and will not be directly impacted by the present scheme.

Monk Meadow

3.9.5 This area is of low historic interest is dominated by mostly post-war buildings and commercial activities of no architectural merit. Some of these are detrimental to the setting of the Scheduled Ancient Monument and the Gloucester Docks Conservation Area.

3.10 Significance of buildings

3.10.1 The individual significance of each of the historic buildings is identified within the Cultural Heritage technical appendix to the Environmental Statement (section 5.6) and tabulated in Tables 1-3. All of the listed buildings are of ‘high’ significance, i.e. fundamental to the heritage interest of the Gloucester Quays location. The only building of high significance located close to the application site is the grade II listed Provender Mill. The Mill is a five storey brick structure with two parallel ranges constructed in 1862 and extended in the 1890’s and 20th century. A hoist housing, supported by columns is located on the canal frontage.

3.10.2 The only structure located close to the application site in Monk Meadow is the brick wall of the priory boundary which dates to the 15th century. This is a Grade I listed structure and is of national significance. The wall terminates 10 m before the northern boundary of the Application Site and will not be directly affected by the present scheme.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 22 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 3.11 Assessment of streetscape character

3.11.1 Streetscape character is analysed in detail in section 5.7 of the Cultural Heritage technical appendix to the Environmental Statement.

3.11.2 The streetscape appearance of the conservation area to the north of the Application Area is characterised by the historic malthouses, mills, warehouses and other commercial buildings along the canal edge. The industrial character of the area is reinforced by the canal frontage, vestiges of the former railway and the various over bridges that link structures either side of the road.

3.11.3 The streetscape character within the Application Site has is predominantly commercial with no buildings of merit. This gives rise to poor streetscape form and an adverse effect on the setting of the conservation area.

3.12 The setting of Listed Buildings

3.12.1 Baker’s Quay and its canal side environs is an area of varied streetscape quality, interest and character. Parts of the area are showing signs of decay and vacancy, particularly evident at the southern end of Merchants Road and along Llanthony Quay, again particularly at its southern extent within the Application Site. Generally however, to the north of the Application Site the listed buildings are in a good state of repair.

3.12.2 PPG 15 asserts that the setting of a listed building can extend to its townscape particularly if it shares architectural form or detail with other buildings. In this respect the listed mills have a well-established setting determined by the architectural character and appearance of the streetscape and canal side environment. The character is predominately industrial and of a 19th century appearance. All buildings are constructed up against the canal edge and there is a strong built edge to the street frontage.

3.12.3 The Application Site is an area devoid of significant buildings. The proposed bridge will, however, allow key views across and along the canal. There are significant vistas looking both north up the canal and into the

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 23 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment conservation area, as well as looking south down the canal to areas outside the conservation area. In all these vistas the strong built edge to Baker’s Quay provides both interest and quality. The canal itself is a significant aspect in the setting of the listed buildings.

3.12.4 The poor quality of the built environment to the south of the conservation area, particularly within the Application Site areas of Monks Meadow on the west bank and retail development at St Anne Way on the east side, have an adverse effect on the quality of the view southwards, in comparison with views north towards Llanthony Bridge.

3.12.5 In summary, the application site in its current state is a detrimental element in the setting of the adjacent listed buildings and of the conservation area. It has a poor streetscape presence which is dominated by the retail development south of St Anne Way and by poor quality commercial building on the west side of the canal. Currently views south along the canal lack a visual focus which the proposed development will provide very effectively.

3.13 Llanthony Priory SAM

3.13.1 The number of listed buildings within this location defines the historic character and significance of the area to the north of the western part of the Application Site. This is a quiet location, its tranquillity and historic character are, however, degraded by a poor outlook and setting to the south. From within the Scheduled Ancient Monument there are good views across to Baker’s Quay particularly to the north. In views south, the listed buildings on Baker’s Quay are perceived against a backdrop of the retail development on St Anne Way and in the context of a degraded commercial landscape on Monk Meadow.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 24 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT

4.1 The Scheme

4.1.1 The proposals involve the completion of the Gloucester Inner Relief Road linking to the South West bypass by provision of the St Ann Way Bridge Link. Putting in place the missing link of the Inner Relief Road necessitates crossing the canal. Thus, the proposals comprise a new canal bridge, road, control building associated with the operation of the new lifting bridge and associated works.

4.1.2 The proposed bridge deck is as slim line as possible from bank to bank. the abutments to the bridge deck are set as far back from the canal edge as possible. This opens up the towpath and canal walkways for the enjoyment of pedestrians, cyclists and leisure pursuits and maintains the open context. The bridge deck is complemented with a bespoke light weight parapet and rail, which again allows the open aspect to be maintained further.

4.1.5 The lifting portion of the bridge has a pivot point; to one side of the pivot point, the deck is increased in depth to provide a counterweight to balance the main span and facilitate lifting. On the other side of the pivot, the deck tapers to its shallowest depth which is then continued to the other bank. To give the shallow deck some help a tensioned cable is taken up over an inclined mast, and back down vertically to the counterweight.

4.1.6 On the east bank, the fixed span leading to the abutment is supported by an elegant trestle, much like an 'open hand' with its nucleus at canal bank level.

4.1.7 In order to reduce the number of times the bridge has to lift, the bridge needs to provide a reasonable air draught beneath its deck so that the bridge need open only for substantial vessels. An air draught of 4.75m above water level has been set as a requirement. This requirement then propagates a bridge deck some 6m above the canal.

4.1.8 The proposed control building is an integral part of the bridge and the canal architecture. Its location on the northern-side of the western bank reflects

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 25 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment the operational requirements of British Waterways. The building is proposed to be elevated on a round tower and located so it is in line with the pivot point of the lifting deck to ensure adequate sight lines. The building has a simple appearance so as to not draw away form the simple elegance of the proposed bridge structure.

4.2 Archaeological Impacts

General

4.2.1 To assess the level of impact, the significance of an archaeological feature, deposit, historic building, structure or townscape is considered on an individual basis, in accordance with statutory and non-statutory designations, the results of documentary research, walkover survey, geotechnical analysis and archaeological field evaluation. Each identified feature has been assigned to a level of importance in accordance with a five-point scale (refer to Table 1).

Table 1. Guidance factors in the establishment of importance of heritage features

Significance Description Examples

National Internationally and nationally Scheduled Ancient Monuments, listed buildings important resources; often statutorily grade I, II* and II, well preserved historic protected landscapes; often rare in their regional context

Regional Regionally important resources, not Sites with well preserved evidence of statutorily protected, of a reasonably occupation, ritual, industry e.g. burial sites, defined extent, nature and significance Deserted Medieval Villages, Roman roads, dense scatters of finds, grade II listed buildings; conservation areas or areas of coherent historic townscape

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 26 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment

Significance Description Examples

Local Locally important resources of low or Common sites with some evidence of human minor importance activity, but in a fragmentary or poor state of preservation e.g. field systems, ridge and furrow, old field boundaries; 'Locally Listed' buildings; undesignated buildings of some local historic or architectural interest; built-up areas of limited historic integrity in their buildings or settings.

Negligible Resources which have little or no Random stray finds, non-antiquities, e.g. heritage value, or where modern field boundaries, drains and ponds; remains/structures have been buildings of no architectural or historic merit previously destroyed

Unknown Resources whose heritage Single find spots, unidentified features on aerial importance is unknown photographs; buildings with some hidden (ie inaccessible) potential for historic significance

Archaeological Significance of Monk Meadow

4.2.2 There are no known archaeological sites within Monk Meadow. The records relating to the unstratified Roman and probably medieval/post- medieval finds from c.50m beyond the development area are vague and the potential for associated archaeological remains or artefacts to extend into the development area is low/indeterminate. The significance of the known remains is NEGLIGIBLE.

4.2.3 The sequence of historic maps indicates that there are few areas of Monk Meadow that have not been impacted upon by development during the 19th and 20th centuries. In particular, between 1794 and 1892 the construction of the canal and dock would have caused wide-scale disturbance and the level of the meadow was raised to that of the dockside (SW 2004). The former use of the site as a petroleum dock resulted in the installation of below and above ground tanks and pipes; some of which are still visible and others have either been removed or left in situ and sealed with concrete. Depots and petrol filling stations are depicted on maps from 1955

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 27 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment onwards and a network of pipes connected these depots to the dock itself. Disturbance caused by the petroleum industry primarily affects the southwestern side of Monk Meadow.

4.2.4 The full extent of below ground disturbance associated with these developments is not known, but the results of the geotechnical investigations (WYG 2005) were consistent with the predicted high level of disturbance and made ground.

4.2.5 The potential for archaeological remains to be present in Monk Meadow is LOW.

Archaeological Impact in Monk Meadow

4.2.6 Due to flood risks, it is the developer’s intention that the minimum earthwork formation level for the road surface near the junction with Llanthony Road will be fixed at 10.32m AOD. This is 0.23m above the existing level. Monk Meadow is relatively flat and low-lying at between 10m and 10.3m AOD. This means that the ground levels across the entire development area will be raised by around 0.23m–5.6m. The embankment for the canal bridge is currently expected to be constructed to a height of approximately 16.52m AOD. This is approximately 5.65m above the current ground level. The geotechnical works have already identified between 0.4m and 3.7m of made ground across this area and the raising of ground levels by c.1m will reduce the impact of the development upon potential archaeological levels.

4.2.7 The archaeological potential of Monk Meadow is LOW and due to the relatively low level of ground disturbance from the proposed development, the predicted impact upon archaeological remains is MINIMAL.

Archaeological significance of Baker’s Quay

4.2.8 There are no known archaeological sites within Baker’s Quay and field evaluation has been carried out in the two areas where buried remains might reasonably have been predicted. Previous spot finds suggested that Roman remains could occur at the eastern edge of the development site,

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 28 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment close to the route of the Roman road, and it was possible that remains of the priory mill buildings and ponds could lie close to the canal. No archaeological remains were identified in either of these locations and the evaluation results indicate that previous construction has involved ground reduction/levelling followed by the raising of the surface level with made ground.

4.2.9 The current application proposes a canal bridge linking Baker’s Quay with Llanthony Wharf, and road access into Baker’s Quay from St Ann Way will be improved.

4.2.10 The scheme will re-use the current road layout, thereby greatly reducing any impact on the potential archaeological resource.

4.2.11 The potential impact is further reduced by the scale and destructive nature of previous development in the area. It is clear from the results of the geotechnical investigations (WYG 2005) that the area of the current application has been raised, through the deposition of dumped material, by 2 or 3 metres. It is likely that many of the large 19th and 20th-century structures which occupied Baker’s Quay would have incorporated basements, and the ground conditions would have led to the used of piled foundations.

4.2.12 Further below-ground disturbance is predicted as, historically, numerous water courses flowed through the Baker’s Quay area (SW 2004). These range from ‘subterraneous passages’ described in 1717/18 when the area was still pasture (SW 2004) to the numerous surface water drains, barrel drains and culverts which were inserted as the area became industrialised in the 19th century. In particular, there have been continuous problems associated with the culverts carrying the Sudbrook, such as the undermining of property and canal walls that were sited above it. There are also areas of below ground disturbance caused by industrial features, the railways and crane platforms. In addition, canal construction will have created a buffer zone of disturbance running parallel with the waterway.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 29 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Thus it is likely that the extensive development of Baker’s Quay has already impacted upon areas of archaeological potential.

4.2.13 The overall archaeological potential of the relevant area of Baker’s Quay is LOW. One discrete area of possible medium archaeological potential was evaluated and proven to be of low potential.

Archaeological Impact in Baker’s Quay

4.2.14 The proposed surface floor levels for the Link Road/St Anne Way will not be changed from the present level at 12.26 to 13.76m AOD. The scheme then incorporates an embankment which rises to a maximum overland height of 16.44m AOD. This is 5.92m AOD above the extant level on the quayside.

4.2.15 The predicted impact of the development upon archaeological remains is MIMIMAL due to the low potential for archaeological remains to be present and the high levels of previous disturbance. Evaluation has demonstrated that it is unlikely that significant archaeological remains will be disturbed by the proposed development.

4.3 Impact on the Built Environment

4.3.1 The new bridge, control building and access roadway will have an impact on the setting of listed buildings and of the conservation area as well as on views both north and south along the canal. At present there are unobstructed views along the canal in both directions.

4.3.2 Views southwards will be partly truncated by the crossing. However, its thin and elegant form will allow views beyond the bridge towards Monk Meadow and beyond. The traditional design of the bridge with a central lifting section will provide a visual focus and interest to the canal at a point where the architectural qualities of the canal side environment fall away, presently to the detriment of the setting of the conservation area and adjacent listed buildings. Thus, the overall setting of the conservation area and adjacent listed buildings will be enhanced with the proposals.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 30 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 4.3.3 Views northwards from outside of the conservation area and looking in are, however, generally of a better existing quality and it is here that the built edge to the canal is best appreciated. The bridge will partly obstruct this view point from the present western bank of the canal and cut across views towards the buildings. Conversely, however, the bridge will provide an excellent elevated viewpoint into the conservation area and of nearby listed buildings. In addition, the bridge is in a traditional form and in relationship to the mass of the listed buildings of relative slight form. The buildings have a robust setting and strong inter-relationships and in this context the bridge will present only a slight adverse impact on the setting of the conservation area and of listed buildings on Baker’s Quay.

4.3.4 The setting of Provender Mill, located at the southern end of Merchants Road and fronting to St Ann Way will, on account of its close proximity to the development, be more greatly affected than other listed buildings on Bakers Quay. However whilst the canal side setting is of a good and industrial character, the present streetscape setting of the mill is poor. It faces onto St Ann Way and looks across towards the retail park. The retail park is characterised by large commercial sheds of little architectural note. In addition the frontage of St Ann way is itself characterised by large metal clad commercial sheds.

4.3.5 The bridge link will not bring about any changes to this environment other than the new crossing and these negative features will remain part of the setting of Provender Mill. However the bridge will provide a focal feature in the streetscape providing some degree of uplift on existing conditions. In addition the bridge link will enable development of the wider streetscape environment providing a very opportunity for significant enhancement of the streetscape setting of Provender Mill to the benefit of the mill and to the setting of the conservation area.

4.3.6 From within the Scheduled Ancient Monument, the more significant views across to Baker’s Quay and along the canal are those looking either directly across the canal or northwards towards Llanthony Bridge. These views are not affected by the development as they lie largely outside of the visual cone. Views looking slightly further to the south will include the

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 31 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment bridge, but from this vantage the bridge will not be seen in juxtaposition with the listed buildings.

4.3.7 The access road will pass close to the southern edge of the Scheduled Ancient Monument and there will be slight adverse impacts brought about by transport infrastructure lighting and associated elements. However, this is an area of decay and currently represents a severe adverse impact on the setting of the Scheduled Ancient Monument. Accordingly, the development will bring about a net gain over existing conditions.

4.3.8 The Grade I listed brick boundary wall of the Priory also provides the western limits of the Scheduled Monument. The development proposals are to run in the back of the new road footway approximately 3m south of the existing wall. This will involve a back of kerb edging circa 0.001m deep, terminating 3m away from the end of the wall. It is proposed that a linking structure will be constructed with a minimal below ground truncation a minimum of 2m from the southern end of the wall. The scheme will not directly impact the wall.

4.3.9 In respect of Built Heritage and the setting of listed buildings, conservation areas and Scheduled Ancient Monument, it is our overall assessment that the development will result in only slight adverse visual intrusion. The overall effect of this intrusion is mitigated by the high quality of design providing a visual focus point on the canal, better appreciated in views southwards from the canal edge.

4.3.10 The road and canal bridge will facilitate a development of the wider area. There are significant benefits to arise out of such a scheme not least it will complete the strategic road network of Gloucester and assist in meeting objectives of removing traffic from the centre of the city and delivering public transport improvements. The scheme will in addition open up access to adjoining land, thus, assisting in its eventual redevelopment and providing significant opportunity for the enhancement of the historic environment and the setting of listed buildings.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 32 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 5 RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Due to the high level of previous disturbance the assessment shows the potential for archaeological remains to be low. The scheme utilises current floor levels and minimal piling. In addition, the majority of the site is raised to a considerable degree. The impact of the scheme on any archaeological remains is therefore considered to be low. Analysis of the geotechnical data suggests a slightly elevated potential for archaeological remains to be present to the west of the tie-in with Abbey Road at the western end of the site. Any intrusive works greater than 1 m below present ground level in this location may truncate potential archaeological deposits. It is therefore recommended that archaeological monitoring of selected works in this location will take place. The City Archaeologist will be informed of any such works and a detailed specification for archaeological monitoring in advance of construction will be agreed before works commence.

5.2 The assessment of the built heritage resource suggests that a slight adverse visual intrusion will occur in views looking south down the canal. This may be considered counterbalanced by the opening up of a new elevated viewpoint into the conservation area and the Scheduled Ancient Monument. In view of the current poor quality of the streetscape within the Application Area itself, it is considered that there will be an overall improvement to the built heritage resource. In light of this, no further mitigation of the built heritage resource is recommended.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 33 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment 6 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 In order to establish the potential impact of the scheme on the cultural heritage this document has assessed the archaeological and built heritage baseline resource of the Application Area and its environs. Previous archaeological and geotechnical investigations have also been assessed in detail. The assessment has shown that the Application Area has undergone considerable truncation resulting from previous building activity. As a result, the potential for archaeological remains to be present in the Application Area is considered to be low. There is a slightly elevated potential for archaeological deposits towards the western end of the site. It has been agreed with the City archaeologist, Phil Greatorex, that an archaeologist will monitor selected construction works in this location. In addition, the proposed scheme comprises a roadway which will be generally elevated above the current ground level rising to a high point of 6m. It is, therefore, concluded that the scheme will not significantly effect below ground deposits.

6.2 The built environment of the Application Area has also undergone a detailed assessment and is presently considered to be of poor quality. It is considered that the scheme will not adversely affect the built heritage resource currently present in the Application Area. Views from the north looking south towards the proposed bridge will have a slight adverse change in that the currently open views down the canal will be blocked. The highly elegant design of the bridge structure will, however, provide a visual focus at a point where the current streetscape deteriorates. The proposed bridge will also create an elevated viewing platform to the buildings within the conservation area and the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Llanthony Priory Precinct.

6.3 Although we conclude a slight adverse visual change in current conditions our assessment is that this will not impact significantly on the robust and well established historic and industrial setting of the listed buildings along Bakers Quay, and specifically those listed buildings at the southern end of Merchants Road adjacent to the proposed bridge link. Accordingly we

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 34 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment conclude that the proposal accords with national planning policy objectives for the conservation of the historic environment.

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 35 Leeds St Ann Way Bridge Link Cultural Heritage Assessment Bibliography

Ground Conditions Factual Report’, White Young Green Environmental. December 2005

Gloucester Quays Urban Regeneration.’ Environmental Statement, Scott Wilson, July 2004

Llanthony Priory Gloucester’, Dr Pat Hughes and John Rhodes, January 2003 (Appendix 2 of E.S)

Ref: K:D110934/St Ann Way Bridge Link Scott Wilson Final/16th March 2006 36 Leeds