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2007 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory

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2007 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska. 2007 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5242 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Pavlof Volcano and eruption plume on the evening of August 30, 2007, 21:21 AKDT. View is to the south. Plume height approximately 17–18,000 feet (5–5.5 km). Photograph by Chris Waythomas, AVO/USGS. AVO database image at URL: http://www. avo.alaska.edu/images/image.php?id=13551. 2007 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of Events and Response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory By Robert G. McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, James P. Dixon, U.S. Geological Survey; Nataliya Malik, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology; and Marina Chibisova, Institute of Marine Geology and Geohysics The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Alaska Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. The Alaska Volcano Observatory is funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program and the State of Alaska. Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5242 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: McGimsey, R.G., Neal, C.A., Dixon, J.P., Malik, Nataliya, and Chibisova, Marina, 2011, 2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5242, 110 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Wrangell Volcano ...............................................................................................................................20 Volcanic Activity in Alaska, Northeast to Southwest along Aleutian Arc ..........................................20 Redoubt Volcano .................................................................................................................................24 Augustine Volcano ..............................................................................................................................29 Fourpeaked Volcano ...........................................................................................................................32 Mount Veniaminof Volcano ...............................................................................................................42 Pavlof Volcano .....................................................................................................................................46 Akutan Volcano ...................................................................................................................................59 Cleveland Volcano ..............................................................................................................................64 Korovin Volcano (Atka) ......................................................................................................................71 Miscellaneous Observations and Activity ...............................................................................................81 Volcanic Activity, Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Northern Kurile Islands, Russia .........................81 Sheveluch Volcano .............................................................................................................................84 Klyuchevskoy Volcano .......................................................................................................................86 Bezymianny Volcano ..........................................................................................................................88 Karymsky Volcano ..............................................................................................................................90 Gorely Volcano ...................................................................................................................................94 Mutnovsky Volcano ............................................................................................................................94 Chikurachki Volcano ...........................................................................................................................96 Volcanic Activity, Central and Southern Kurile Islands .........................................................................98 Berga (?) ...............................................................................................................................................99 Summary......................................................................................................................................................100 Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................................................100 Sources of Photographs in this Report and Other Images of Alaska and Russia ..........................100 References Cited........................................................................................................................................100 Glossary of Selected Terms and Acronyms ..........................................................................................105 Appendix 1. Volcano Alert Levels and Revised Aviation Color Codes Used by United States Observatories. ..................................................................................................................109 Appendix 2. Level of Concern Color Code for Volcanic Activity Used in Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands in 2007.............................................................................................................110 iv Figures Figure 1. Map showing historically active volcanoes in Alaska along with place names used in this report ………………………………………………………………… 2 Figure 2. Alaska Volcano Observatory Information Release, Thursday, November 8, 2007, announcing the implementation of new volcano hazard notifications for volcanic activity …………………………………………………………………… 6 Figure 3. Samples of the new Volcanic Activity Notice (VAN) and Volcanic Activity Notice for Aviation (VONA) ……………………………………………………… 8 Figure 4. Photograph showing all known active fumaroles on Wrangell were venting steam on this cold (minus 20 °F; minus 29 °C) morning at 9 a.m. AKDT on March 20, 2007 …………………………………………………………………… 21 Figure 5. Photograph showing steam rising from fumaroles in the summit craters of Wrangell as from the prominent fumarole field high on the southwest flank (about 12,000 ft ASL) at 3 p.m. AKDT on March 20, 2007, from approximately Mile 18 of the Tok Highway ……………………………………………………… 22 Figure 6. Photograph showing northwest flank of Wrangell volcano with a dark stripe of probable redistributed ash extending from one of the summit cinder cones (West Crater?) …………………………………………………………………… 23 Figure 7. Photographs showing views from the north of the summit crater of Redoubt Volcano from 1990 to 2007 ………………………………………………………… 25 Figure 8. Photograph showing Redoubt Volcano, view of the north flank and summit crater on September 10, 2002 …………………………………………………… 26 Figure 9. Photographs showing probable steam plume emanating from Redoubt Volcano on February 25, 2007 ……………………………………………………………… 27 Figure 10. Photograph showing summit crater of Redoubt Volcano on May 18, 2007 ……… 28 Figure 11. Photograph showing steam plume and warm ground on the summit of Augustine, February 22, 2007 ……………………………………………………… 30 Figure 12. Photographs showing steam plumes rising from Augustine ……………………… 31 Figure 13. Photograph showing view from the northwest of the line of vents issuing steam and volcanic gases at Fourpeaked volcano, November 4, 2006 …………… 33 Figure 14. Photograph showing steam and gas plume drifting southward from Fourpeaked volcano, February 2, 2007 …………………………………………… 34 Figure 15. Successive AVHRR satellite images showing development of a steam plume likely originating from Fourpeaked volcano ……………………………………… 35 Figure 16. Web camera images from January 14 and February
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