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Types and Characteristics of Urban and Peri-Urban Blue Spaces Having an Impact on Human 3 Mental Health and Wellbeing

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Types and Characteristics of Urban and Peri-Urban Blue Spaces Having an Impact on Human 3 Mental Health and Wellbeing 1 Types and characteristics of urban and peri-urban blue spaces 2 having an impact on human mental health and wellbeing 3 4 A report of the EKLIPSE Expert Working Group on Biodiversity and Mental Health 5 to provide recommendations for the conservation, planning, design, and 6 management of urban green and blue infrastructures 7 Femke Beute1, Zoe Davies2, Sjerp de Vries3, Julie Glanville4, Hans Keune5, Annamaria 8 Lammel6, Barbara Livoreil7, Melissa Marselle8, Liz O’Brien9, Agnieszka Olszewska- 9 Guizzo10, Roy Remmen5, Alessio Russo11, Maria Beatrice Andreucci12 10 11 1 LightGreen Wellbeing, Kolding, Denmark & Faculty of Spatial Planning, University of Groningen, 12 The Netherlands 13 2 Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, 14 University of Kent, United Kingdom 15 3 Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Environmental Research, the Netherlands 16 4 York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom 17 5 University of Antwerp, Belgium 18 6 Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Laboratoire Paragraphe, France 19 7 Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, France 20 8 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Germany 21 9 Forest Research, Social and Economic Research Group, United Kingdom 22 10 NeuroLandscape Foundation, Poland & National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of 23 Medicine, Singapore 24 11 School of Arts, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom 25 12 Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture, and Faculty of Architecture, 26 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 27 28 For further information about this report, please contact: [email protected] 29 30 EKLIPSE – Blue spaces and mental health and wellbeing 1 of 77 1 Contents 2 Types and characteristics of urban and peri-urban blue spaces having an impact on human 3 mental health and wellbeing ..................................................................................................................1 4 1. Report Summary ............................................................................................................................7 5 2. Background ....................................................................................................................................9 6 Aims and objectives ..................................................................................................................9 7 The request .....................................................................................................................................9 8 The expert working group ..............................................................................................................9 9 Theoretical framework: Blue space and mental health and wellbeing ................................. 10 10 3. Method ........................................................................................................................................ 12 11 3.1 Literature search.................................................................................................................... 12 12 Search strategy............................................................................................................................ 12 13 Eligibility ...................................................................................................................................... 13 14 Population ................................................................................................................................... 13 15 Intervention ................................................................................................................................. 13 16 Exposure ...................................................................................................................................... 13 17 Comparison ................................................................................................................................. 14 18 Outcome ...................................................................................................................................... 14 19 Record selection .......................................................................................................................... 14 20 3.2 Meta-data extraction ............................................................................................................ 15 21 3.3 Critical Appraisal.................................................................................................................... 15 22 Experimental ............................................................................................................................... 16 23 Cross-sectional ............................................................................................................................ 16 24 Qualitative ................................................................................................................................... 16 25 3.4 Synthesis ................................................................................................................................ 23 26 4. Outcomes .................................................................................................................................... 24 27 4.1 Search outcomes ................................................................................................................... 24 28 4.2 Critical Appraisal.................................................................................................................... 32 29 Experimental ............................................................................................................................... 32 30 Cross-sectional ............................................................................................................................ 33 31 Qualitative ................................................................................................................................... 35 32 4.3 Synthesis ................................................................................................................................ 36 33 Descriptive synthesis ................................................................................................................... 36 34 Experimental ............................................................................................................................... 37 35 Cross-sectional ............................................................................................................................ 38 EKLIPSE – Blue spaces and mental health and wellbeing 2 of 77 1 Qualitative ................................................................................................................................... 39 2 Narrative synthesis ...................................................................................................................... 39 3 Experimental ............................................................................................................................... 39 4 Cross-sectional ............................................................................................................................ 40 5 Qualitative ................................................................................................................................... 41 6 5. Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 43 7 5.1 Mental health benefits .......................................................................................................... 43 8 5.2 Blue space typologies ............................................................................................................ 43 9 5.3 Confidence of no bias for the included studies ...................................................................... 43 10 5.4 Differential effects coast versus inland waters ..................................................................... 44 11 5.5 Pathways from blue space to mental health ......................................................................... 45 12 5.6 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 45 13 6. Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 46 14 7. References ................................................................................................................................... 47 15 16 Appendix A: (use Heading 1 – Appendices style) .................................................................................. 49 17 18 List of Figures 19 Figure 1. Proposed pathways for the mental health benefits of blue space……………………………………….9 20 Figure 2. The PRISMA Flowchart for the study selection…………………………………………………………………..23 21 Figure 3. Overall score (confidence of no bias) per item on the critical appraisal for the experimental 22 studies………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………30 23 Figure 4. Overall score (confidence of no bias) per item on the critical appraisal for the cross-sectional 24 studies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...33 25 Figure 5. Overall score (confidence of no bias) per item on the critical appraisal for the qualitative 26 studies………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………33
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