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Spring Symposium spring symposium April 15, 2016 Veale Convocation Center Research and Creative Projects by Undergraduate Students including Senior Capstone Students All Abstracts For Scientific Review Research ShowCASE Abstract Report Group: Full Abstract Report 4 April 2016 Group: Full Abstract Report 4 April 2016 Presentation ID Name Hanan Badr Department 76 Email [email protected] Phone 4405202163 Cwrunet ID hab42 Type Poster Title Kangaroo Care and Postpartum Depression: The Role of Oxytocin Author Status Graduate or professional student In Graduate Student Competition True Author Affiliation Case Western Reserve University Category Alternate Category Published? True Presentation Type Poster Elevator Speech Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in about 10–15% of women after birth and adversely affects their health and the health of their newborn. Kangaroo care is known to have many health-related benefits for both mother and newborn; however, a systematic review of its effects in reducing PPD has not been done Key Words Kangaroo Care Postpartum Depression Oxytocin Abstract Kangaroo Care and Postpartum Depression: The Role of Oxytocin • Problem: Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in about 10–15% of women after birth and adversely affects their health and the health of their newborn. Kangaroo care (KC) is known to have many health-related benefits for both mother and newborn; however, a systematic review of its effects in reducing PPD has not been done. • Purpose: The aim of this review was to gather the evidence linking the effects of KC on PPD, specifically focusing on the proposed underlying mechanism involving the release of oxytocin. • Search Strategy: The review included studies published between 1995 and 2015. Data sources were: PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Search terms included: postpartum depression, postnatal depression, oxytocin, oxytocin hormone, central oxytocin, postpartum depression, kangaroo care, and skin-to-skin contact. • Results of literature search: Twenty studies met the search criteria and were included in this review. Most of the studies used descriptive correlational designs; four involved randomized controlled trials; other studies were quasi- experimental, qualitative, or involved meta-analysis. • Synthesis of Evidence: KC was found to play an important role in decreasing the risk for PPD. Skin-to-skin contact during KC was found to trigger the release of oxytocin, which is hypothesized to minimize the risk for depressive symptoms as well as to decrease the maternal stress The oxytocinergic system regulates the release of oxytocin, which is opposite the effect that occurs with the human stress response, in which the sympathetic nervous system is activated to release catecholamines in response to harmful, or threatening stimuli. The oxytocinergic system regulates calmness, connection, and socialization processes. During KC, oxytocin blocks the stress response and decreases the circulation of catecholamines, yielding positive outcomes that include maternal stress reduction and prevention of PPD. • Implications for Practice: KC can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce maternal stress and to prevent or decrease the risk for PPD. Mothers at risk for PPD should be encouraged to use KC. However, evidence-based practice requires additional research, including more studies to explain the physiological mechanisms underlying KC in relation to maternal stress and depression, particularly studies with large, diverse samples involving more rigorous designs and analyses. PUID 10040 Page 2 of 497 Group: Full Abstract Report 4 April 2016 Presentation ID Name Hanan Badr Department 76 Email [email protected] Phone 4405202163 Cwrunet ID hab42 Type Poster Title Meta-Analysis of the Predictive Factors of Postpartum Fatigue Author Status Graduate or professional student In Graduate Student Competition True Author Affiliation Case Western Reserve University Category Alternate Category Published? True Presentation Type Poster Elevator Speech Nearly 64% of new mothers are affected by postpartum fatigue, which can lead to serious negative effects on the mother’s health and the newborn’s development. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify predictive factors of postpartum fatigue and to document the magnitude of their effects using effect sizes. Key Words Postpartum fatigue fatigue postpartum meta-analysis predictive factors Abstract Meta-analysis of the Predictive Factors of Postpartum Fatigue Purpose: Nearly 64% of new mothers are affected by fatigue during the postpartum period, making it the most common problem that a woman faces as she adapts to motherhood. Postpartum fatigue can lead to serious negative effects on the mother’s health and the newborn’s development and interfere with mother-infant interaction. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify predictive factors of postpartum fatigue and to document the magnitude of their effects using effect sizes. Questions / Hypothesis: Research questions were: 1) What factors have researchers identified as predictors of postpartum fatigue; and 2) How strongly do these factors influence the onset of postpartum fatigue. Theoretical framework: Runquist’s middle-range theory of “persevering through postpartum fatigue,” which suggests there are key factors that influence the onset of postpartum fatigue, provided the foundation for this meta-analysis. Method: Two search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used to identity studies that met two inclusion criteria: 1) identification of a factor(s) that predicted postpartum fatigue; and (2) reliable and valid measurement of the predictive factor(s). Seven articles met these inclusion criteria. The direction and strength of correlation coefficients between predictive factors and postpartum fatigue were examined across the studies to determine their effect sizes. Results: Across the seven studies (published 1998-2014), 890 women with postpartum fatigue were sampled. Measurement of predictor variables occurred from 3 days to 6 months postpartum. Correlations reported between predictive factors and postpartum fatigue were as follows: small effect size (rrange =.10 to .29) for education level, age, postpartum hemorrhage, infection, and child care difficulties; medium effect size (rrange =.30 to .49) for physiological illness, low ferritin level, low hemoglobin level, sleeping problems, stress and anxiety, and breastfeeding problems; and large effect size (rrange =.50+) for PUID 10041 Page 3 of 497 Group: Full Abstract Report 4 April 2016 Presentation ID Name Navid Akbarzadeh Department Email [email protected] Phone Cwrunet ID nxa168 Type Poster Title Effects of LPS Application on Dentin Sialophosphoprotein Expression of Immortalized Stem Cells of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Author Status Graduate or professional student In Graduate Student Competition True Author Affiliation Case Western Reserve University Category Basic Science Published? False Presentation Type Poster Elevator Speech Considering the negligible effect of low concentration LPS on DSPP production, it might be speculated that low grade inflammatory response caused by LPS might not significantly affect the differentiation of iSHEDs into odontoblasts. Key Words Regenerative Endodontics Stem cells Abstract Dentin sialophosphoprotein(DSPP) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in dentin which can be used as a marker for the differentiation of Immortalized Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth(iSHED) into dentin-secreting “odontoblast -like” cells. Recent studies have shown iSHEDs ability to differentiate into functional odontonblast which might play a critical role in dentinogenic regenerative therapy. However, iSHEDs behavior under inflamed conditions triggered by bacterial insults is not well investigated. There are controversial results regarding whether induced inflammatory reaction caused by LPS might affect iSHEDs ability to express DSPP. Objectives:To investigate the effect of various concentrations of LPS on the expression of DSPP by iSHEDs. Hypothesis:We hypothesized that the application of greater than 100 mg/milliliter LPS would reduce the amount of DSPP expressed by iSHEDs. Materials and methods: SHEDs were transfected with a recombinant Lentivirus to generate iSHEDs. Generated cells were divided in four groups: 1) untreated(control) 2) LPS 10mg/mL 3) LPS 100mg/mL 4)LPS 200mg/mL. Mean DSPP production was measured using ELISA kit and data was statistically analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test since normal data distribution was not observed(?=0.05,SPSS ver21.) Result: There was no significant difference between iSHEDs treated with 10 and 100 mg/mL and untreated iSHEDs regarding DSPP production(p=0.65). However, 200mg/ml LPS treatment was shown to significantly inhibit DSPP production by iSHEDs(p=0.035) Conclusion: Considering the negligible effect of low concentration LPS on DSPP production, it might be speculated that low grade inflammatory response caused by LPS might not significantly affect the differentiation of iSHEDs into odontoblasts. PUID 10044 Page 4 of 497 Group: Full Abstract Report 4 April 2016 Presentation ID Name Steven Selverston Department Email [email protected] Phone Cwrunet ID sxs1497 Type Poster Title Flow Battery System Modeling Author Status Graduate or professional student In Graduate Student Competition False Author Affiliation Case Western Reserve University Category Engineering Published? False Presentation Type Poster Elevator Speech Our group is developing powerful new
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