Time Machine Biology Cross-Timescale Integration of Ecology, Evolution, and Oceanography
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evaluating the Biological Pump Efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum Ocean Using Δ13c Anne L
Evaluating the Biological Pump Efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum Ocean using δ13C Anne L. Morée1, Jörg Schwinger2, Ulysses S. Ninnemann3, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes4, Ingo Bethke1, Christoph Heinze1 5 1Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway 2NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5838, Norway 3Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway 4Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, 10 University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Correspondence to: Anne L. Morée ([email protected]) Abstract. Although both physical and biological marine changes are required to explain the 100 ppm lower atmospheric pCO2 of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21 ka) as compared to pre-industrial (PI) times, their exact contributions are debated. Proxies of past marine carbon cycling (such as δ13C) document these changes, and 15 thus provide constraints for quantifying the drivers of long-term carbon cycle variability. This modelling study explores the relative rolespresents a realization of the of physical and biological changes in the ocean needed to simulate an LGM ocean in satisfactory agreement with proxy data, and here especially δ13C. We prepared a PI and LGM equilibrium simulation using the ocean model state (NorESM-OC) with full biogeochemistry (including the carbon isotopes δ13C and radiocarbon) and dynamic sea ice. The modelled LGM-PI differences are evaluated 20 against a wide range of physical and biogeochemical proxy data, and show agreement for key aspects of the physical ocean state within the data uncertainties. -
Paleoceanographical Proxies Based on Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblage Characteristics
CHAPTER SEVEN Paleoceanographical Proxies Based on Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblage Characteristics Frans J. JorissenÃ, Christophe Fontanier and Ellen Thomas Contents 1. Introduction 263 1.1. General introduction 263 1.2. Historical overview of the use of benthic foraminiferal assemblages 266 1.3. Recent advances in benthic foraminiferal ecology 267 2. Benthic Foraminiferal Proxies: A State of the Art 271 2.1. Overview of proxy methods based on benthic foraminiferal assemblage data 271 2.2. Proxies of bottom water oxygenation 273 2.3. Paleoproductivity proxies 285 2.4. The water mass concept 301 2.5. Benthic foraminiferal faunas as indicators of current velocity 304 3. Conclusions 306 Acknowledgements 308 4. Appendix 1 308 References 313 1. Introduction 1.1. General Introduction The most popular proxies based on microfossil assemblage data produce a quanti- tative estimate of a physico-chemical target parameter, usually by applying a transfer function, calibrated on the basis of a large dataset of recent or core-top samples. Examples are planktonic foraminiferal estimates of sea surface temperature (Imbrie & Kipp, 1971) and reconstructions of sea ice coverage based on radiolarian (Lozano & Hays, 1976) or diatom assemblages (Crosta, Pichon, & Burckle, 1998). These à Corresponding author. Developments in Marine Geology, Volume 1 r 2007 Elsevier B.V. ISSN 1572-5480, DOI 10.1016/S1572-5480(07)01012-3 All rights reserved. 263 264 Frans J. Jorissen et al. methods are easy to use, apply empirical relationships that do not require a precise knowledge of the ecology of the organisms, and produce quantitative estimates that can be directly applied to reconstruct paleo-environments, and to test and tune global climate models. -
Latest Pliocene Northern Hemisphere Glaciation Amplified by Intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00023-4 OPEN Latest Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation amplified by intensified Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ✉ Tatsuya Hayashi 1 , Toshiro Yamanaka 2, Yuki Hikasa3, Masahiko Sato4, Yoshihiro Kuwahara1 & Masao Ohno1 1234567890():,; The global climate has been dominated by glacial–interglacial variations since the intensifi- cation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation 2.7 million years ago. Although the Atlantic mer- idional overturning circulation has exerted strong influence on recent climatic changes, there is controversy over its influence on Northern Hemisphere glaciation because its deep limb, North Atlantic Deep Water, was thought to have weakened. Here we show that Northern Hemisphere glaciation was amplified by the intensified Atlantic meridional overturning cir- culation, based on multi-proxy records from the subpolar North Atlantic. We found that the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water, contributing North Atlantic Deep Water, significantly increased after 2.7 million years ago and was actively maintained even in early stages of individual glacials, in contrast with late stages when it drastically decreased because of iceberg melting. Probably, the active Nordic Seas overturning during the early stages of glacials facilitated the efficient growth of ice sheets and amplified glacial oscillations. 1 Division of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. 2 School of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Naka 3-chome, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. 4 Department of Earth ✉ and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. -
20. Shell Horizons in Cenozoic Upwelling-Facies Sediments Off Peru: Distribution and Mollusk Fauna in Cores from Leg 1121
Suess, E., von Huene, R., et al., 1990 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 112 20. SHELL HORIZONS IN CENOZOIC UPWELLING-FACIES SEDIMENTS OFF PERU: DISTRIBUTION AND MOLLUSK FAUNA IN CORES FROM LEG 1121 Ralph Schneider2 and Gerold Wefer2 ABSTRACT Shell layers in cores extracted from the continental margin off Peru during Leg 112 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) show the spatial and temporal distribution of mollusks. In addition, the faunal composition of the mollusks in these layers was investigated. Individual shell layers have been combined to form shell horizons whose origin has been traced to periods of increased molluscan growth. It seems that the limiting factor for the growth of mollusks in upwelling regions near the coast of Peru is primarily the oxygen content of the bottom water. Optimal living conditions for mollusks are found at the upper boundary of the oxygen-minimum layer (OML). This OML in the modern sea ranges in depths from 100 to 500 m. Fluctuations in the OML boundary control the spatial and temporal distribution of shell horizons on the outer shelf and upper continental slope. The distribution of mollusks depends further on tectonic events and bottom current effects in the study area. In the range of outer shelf and upper slope, these shell horizons were developed during times of lowered sea level, from the late Miocene through the Quaternary, especially during glacial episodes in the late Quaternary. INTRODUCTION comprehensive reviews of the bivalve and gastropod taxon• omy of the equatorial East Pacific faunal province, but con• Ten holes were drilled using the drill ship JOIDES Reso• tained little information about the ecology of the genera lution during Leg 112, in November and December 1986, on described. -
Combining Marine Macroecology and Palaeoecology in Understanding Biodiversity: Microfossils As a Model
Biol. Rev. (2015), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12223 Combining marine macroecology and palaeoecology in understanding biodiversity: microfossils as a model Moriaki Yasuhara1,2,3,∗, Derek P. Tittensor4,5, Helmut Hillebrand6 and Boris Worm4 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 2Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Cape d’Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong SAR, China 3Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 4Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada 5United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK 6Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany ABSTRACT There is growing interest in the integration of macroecology and palaeoecology towards a better understanding of past, present, and anticipated future biodiversity dynamics. However, the empirical basis for this integration has thus far been limited. Here we review prospects for a macroecology–palaeoecology integration in biodiversity analyses with a focus on marine microfossils [i.e. small (or small parts of) organisms with high fossilization potential, such as foraminifera, ostracodes, diatoms, radiolaria, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates, and ichthyoliths]. Marine microfossils represent a useful model -
3Eologlcal Parks, Mombasa and the Indian Ocean Reef
Er1SLL TER No. 79 - pebruaarA 1990: Meetings are held at The Saracen's Head, Stone St., Dudley. 7.30 for 8 o'clock start. The Society does not provide personal accident cover for "i members or visitors on field trips. You are strongly ad- vised to take out your own personal insur ance to the level which you feel a p propriate. Schools and other bodies The should arrange their own insurance as a matter of course. Forthcoming Mhetings : Black Mortday 26th February: 7.45 p.m. Annual General Meeting followed by illustrated talk "Geology and Wildlife in Kenya" Qin by Sheila Pitts. Sheila was in Kenya in December, 1 88, when she visited the Rift Valley, the Southern National 3eologlcal Parks, Mombasa and the Indian Ocean Reef. o ^ ^ Sheila is a founder member of the society, and has already given talks to the society on her visits to Argentina, the S Antarctic and New Zealand. y Monda : 26th March: Lecture "Geology and Mineralogy of the Caldbeck Fells in Cumbria" by Dr. R. S. :ding. The Caldbeck Fells are in the northern Lake District, and • have always attracted geologists. Although, near to Skiddaw, they are composed of Borrowdale Volcanics -while nearby Carrock yell has a plutonic igneous complex with a series of gabbroic racks and acid granophyres. Numerous minor intrusions occur and the complex is famous for its abundant mineralization including veins of wolfranite, the tungsten ore. Dr. King is Curator of the John Moore Museum, 7 kesbury and was formerly with the national museum of Wales. He is a well- - known authority on minerals and many members will be following his series of articles in GEOLOGY TODAY "Minerals Erolained". -
Terraced Iron Formations: Biogeochemical Processes Contributing to Microbial Biomineralization and Microfossil Preservation
geosciences Article Terraced Iron Formations: Biogeochemical Processes Contributing to Microbial Biomineralization and Microfossil Preservation Jeremiah Shuster 1,2,* , Maria Angelica Rea 1,2 , Barbara Etschmann 3, Joël Brugger 3 and Frank Reith 1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; [email protected] (M.A.R.); [email protected] (F.R.) 2 CSIRO Land and Water, Contaminant Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, PMB2 Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia 3 School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; [email protected] (B.E.); [email protected] (J.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-8-8313-5352 Received: 30 October 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018; Published: 13 December 2018 Abstract: Terraced iron formations (TIFs) are laminated structures that cover square meter-size areas on the surface of weathered bench faces and tailings piles at the Mount Morgan mine, which is a non-operational open pit mine located in Queensland, Australia. Sampled TIFs were analyzed using molecular and microanalytical techniques to assess the bacterial communities that likely contributed to the development of these structures. The bacterial community from the TIFs was more diverse compared to the tailings on which the TIFs had formed. The detection of both chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria, i.e., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, and iron-reducing bacteria, -
Evidence for Marine Microfossils from Amber
Evidence for marine microfossils from amber Vincent Girarda,1, Alexander R. Schmidtb,c,1, Simona Saint Martind,e, Steffi Struwec, Vincent Perrichotf, Jean-Paul Saint Martind, Danie` le Groshenyg,Ge´ rard Bretona, and Didier Ne´ raudeaua aUniversite´de Rennes 1, Unite´Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6118, 263 avenue du Ge´ne´ ral Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France; bCourant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universita¨t Go¨ ttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Go¨ttingen, Germany; cMuseum fu¨r Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; dMuse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, Unite´Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5143, 8 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; eFacultatea de Geologie si Geofizica, Universitatea din Bucuresti, bulevardul N. Balcescu no. 1, Bucuresti, Romania; fPaleontological Institute, University of Kansas, Lindley Hall, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045; and gUniversite´Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg 1, Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Unite´Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7517, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Edited by Xavier Delclos, Universitat de Barcelona, and accepted by the Editorial Board September 26, 2008 (received for review May 22, 2008) Amber usually contains inclusions of terrestrial and rarely limnetic Planktonic colonial centric diatoms were the most diverse organisms that were embedded in the places were they lived in the marine inclusions in the investigated amber samples (Fig. 2). amber forests. Therefore, it has been supposed that amber could Approximately 70 specimens have been confidently attributed to not have preserved marine organisms. -
A Test of the Biogenicity Criteria Established for Microfossils And
1 A Test of the Biogenicity Criteria Established for 2 Microfossils and Stromatolites on Quaternary Tufa and 3 Speleothem Materials Formed in the “Twilight Zone” at 4 Caerwys, U.K. 5 6 A.T. Brasier1*, M.R. Rogerson2, R. Mercedes-Martin2, H.B. Vonhof3 and J.J.G. 7 Reijmer3. 8 1*: Corresponding Author: School of Geosciences, Meston Building, University 9 of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. AB24 3UE. Email: 10 [email protected]; Telephone: +44(0)1224 273 449; Fax: +44(0)1224 278 11 585. 12 2: Department of Geography, Environment and Earth Science University of 13 Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, UK. HU6 7RX 14 3: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 15 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 16 17 Running title: Biogenicity of tufa stromatolites 1 18 2 19 Abstract 20 The ability to distinguish the features of a chemical sedimentary rock that can 21 only be attributed to biology is a challenge relevant to both geobiology and 22 astrobiology. This study aimed to test criteria for recognizing petrographically the 23 biogenicity of microbially influenced fabrics and fossil microbes in complex 24 Quaternary stalactitic carbonate rocks from Caerwys, UK. We found that the 25 presence of carbonaceous microfossils, fabrics produced by the calcification of 26 microbial filaments, and the asymmetrical development of tufa fabrics due to the 27 more rapid growth of microbially influenced laminations could be recognized as 28 biogenic features. Petrographic evidence also indicated that the development of 29 ”speleothem-like” laminae was related to episodes of growth interrupted by 30 intervals of non-deposition and erosion. -
Exploration in British Columbia 1979
Exploration in British Columbia 1979 Province of British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources British Columbia Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Explorationin British Columbia. -- 1975- Annual. With: Geoloey in British Columbia, ISSN 0823-1257; and,Mining in British Columbia, ISSN 0823-1265, continues : Geology, exploration, andmining in British Columbia, ISSN 0085-1027. 1979 published in 1983. Issuing body varies: 1975-1976, Ninistry of Mines and PetroleumResources; 1977- , Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. ISSN 0823-2059 Ly Exploration in British Columbia 1. Prospecting - British Columbia - Periodicals. 2.Geology, Economic - British Columbia - Periodicals. I. British Columbia.Ministry of Mines andPetroleum Resources. 11. British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Minesand Petroleum Resources. TN270.E96 1975 622.1'09711 VICTORIA BRITISHCOLUMBIA CANADA AUGUST 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFA V INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 METALSEXPLORATION 3 Contents ............................................ 3 Review of Metals Exploration and Prospecting . , . 5 Reports on Metals Exploration . 13 STRUCTURALMATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS EXPLORATION ...................................... 325 Contents ............................................ 325 Review of Exploration 011 Non-Metallic Mineral Deposits . 325 Reports on Exploration of Non-Metallic Commodities , . , . , . 326 COAL EXPLORATION . 339 Contents ............................................ 339 Review -
On the Reconciliation of Biostratigraphy and Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Three Southern Californian Plio-Pleistocene Formations
On the reconciliation of biostratigraphy and strontium isotope stratigraphy of three southern Californian Plio-Pleistocene formations Alexandra J. Buczek1, Austin J.W. Hendy2, Melanie J. Hopkins1, and Jocelyn A. Sessa3,† 1 Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West & 79th Street New York, New York 10024, USA 2 Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 3 Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, USA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION 2006; Powell et al., 2009; Squires, 2012; Ven- drasco et al., 2012). Based primarily on regional The San Diego Formation, Pico Forma- The mid-Pliocene warm period (ca 3 Ma; macrofossil and microfossil biostratigraphy, tion, Careaga Sandstone, and Foxen Mud- Jansen et al., 2007) was a time of high global these units are hypothesized to be late Pliocene stone of southern California are thought to temperatures (2 °C to 3 °C above pre-industrial to early Pleistocene in age (Figs. 1 and 3), but no be late Pliocene to early Pleistocene; however, temperatures) and high atmospheric CO2 con- numerical ages exist to confirm this hypothesis. numerical ages have not been determined. centrations (360–400 ppm) (Jansen et al., 2007). Previous age determinations must be revisited Following assessment of diagenetic altera- These climatic conditions, combined with the -
Staffordshire Geodiversity Action Plan
Staffordshire Geodiversity Action Plan Laura Cox Geodiversity Officer © 2003/2004 Staffordshire Wildlife Trust Contributors Staffordshire Geodiversity Action Plan Steering Group: Paul Wilcox - SGAP Chairman. Staffordshire County Planning Alastair Fleming - Education Dept, Keele University Sue Lawley* - Staffordshire Wildlife Trust Laurence Crump - Hanson Aggregates Paul Brewer - Tarmac Central Ltd Jonathan Blowers - English Nature Vicki Shenton* - Chairman, SRIGS John Reynolds * - ESTA / UKRIGS Laura Cox* - SWT Geodiversity Officer *indicates members of Staffordshire RIGS group Additional Thanks To: Craig Slawson, Staffordshire Ecological Records Don Steward, Potteries Museum and Art Gallery Keith Ambrose, British Geological Survey Funding Bodies: Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund through English Nature Front cover photograph: Highshutt Quarry RIGS (L Cox) STAFFORDSHIRE GEODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN i How This Action Plan Should Be Used The Staffordshire Geodiversity Action Plan provides a framework within which various targets and actions are outlined to deliver a sustainable and local approach to the conservation and promotion of the geodiversity of the county. The SGAP is structured around the following key elements: 1. What geodiversity means in Staffordshire and whom it affects – this is detailed in Chapter 1 and explains how the SGAP will focus on target areas to deliver the key aims such as promoting geodiversity, protecting and enhancing SSSI and RIGS sites and their educational and amenity value within the county. 2. SGAP Objectives, Targets and Actions – this represents an integrated approach to conserving and promoting geodiversity in Staffordshire. It provides a summary of the targets and actions that are detailed in the following Chapters. This can be found in Chapter 2 3. The geodiversity of Staffordshire – this is shown through a detailed stratigraphy of the geology of Staffordshire and the use of English Nature’s Natural Areas.