This Thesis Examines the Co-Evolutionary Nature of Human
This thesis examines the co-evolutionary nature of human development on landscapes and the consequent shaping of species assemblages, which affect biodiversity conservation strategies in Southern Africa. A model is proposed to address the development nature of humans on the environment. Where this model may fit into current conservation biology principles and within the field of landscape ecology is discussed. This study then moves into a series of examinations of the landscapes of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, focussing on an assessment of avian diversity conservation, human development patterns, and human action in shaping avian communities, and an application of a co-evolutionary development model. Techniques used include complementary-based reserve selection algorithms, ecological gradient analysis, pattern recognition programs, multivariate statistics, spatial statistics, geostatistics, and mathematical transformations of species assemblage data. Timely data products, such as the South African National Land-cover database (Fairbanks et al., 2000), the 1996 South African Population Census (Stats SA, 1998), and the 1997 KwaZulu-Natal Sustainability Indicators Project (Kok et al., 1997), which records the regions socio-economic and development status, were used to develop causal relationships. The 1997 Atlas of Southern African Birds (Harrison et al., 1997), representing the results from the largest biological inventorying project conducted in Africa, and its predecessor, the 1980 Bird Atlas of Natal (Cyrus and Robson, 1980) covering Natal and Zululand, are used as the biological relation to the biophysical and human development patterns. A number of analyses are performed to describe attributes of the biodiversity hierarchy (Noss, 1990) that are affected by evolved human development patterns, including impact on avian distributions, avian diversity variation, and spatial autocorrelation.
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