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Plan De Manejo Parque Nacional Villarrica Segunda Edición 2013

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Plan De Manejo Parque Nacional Villarrica Segunda Edición 2013 Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Villarrica Segunda Edición 2013. Departamento Áreas Silvestres Protegidas Corporación Nacional Forestal Región de la Araucanía, Chile Temuco, 2013 Equipo de Planificación para elaboración Plan de Manejo del Parque Nacional Villarrica (2006) Nemo Ortega Alul, Ingeniero Forestal, Coordinador y editor elaboración del Plan de Manejo PN. Villarrica Sergio Morales Sáez, Ingeniero Forestal, Elaboración de la Zonificación Mauricio Schacht Araya, Ingeniero Forestal, Elaboración de la cartografía base y la Zonificación (UFRO) Eduardo Núñez Araya, Geógrafo, Asesoría permanente en la elaboración y edición del Plan de Manejo Pamela Sánchez Pérez, MSc. Elaboración Línea Base Fauna Basilio Guiñez Lillo, Licenciado en Cs. Naturales, Elaboración Línea Base Fauna Marco Cortés Bianchi, Ingeniero Forestal, Elaboración Línea Base Flora Marcelo Saavedra Muñoz, Mag. En Educación, Colaboración en la elaboración y edición de la Línea base Flora y de todo el documento. Inés Soto Higuera, Psicóloga Organizacional, Coordinación dos Talleres de Planificación participativa con la comunidad Jorge Paredes Reyes, Administrador del PN. Villarrica colaboración en Líneas Bases, secciones temáticas y talleres. Lilian Vega Cruces, Estudiante de la carrera de Historia y Geografía, Elaboración antecedentes Histórico-culturales Guardaparques del PN. Villarrica Marcos Matus Lagos, Apoyo elaboración líneas bases en terreno Frabián Moraga Escobar, Apoyo elaboración líneas bases en terreno Lizardo Muñoz Gutiérrez, Apoyo elaboración líneas bases en terreno Ariel Matus Mora, Apoyo elaboración líneas bases en terreno Revisión Edición 2013: Ricardo Crisóstomo Henríquez, Ingeniero Forestal, Depto. Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, CONAF Araucanía Oscar Pontigo Ardiles, Ingeniero Forestal Jefe Depto. Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, CONAF Araucanía. 2 INDICE DE CONTENIDOS PORTADA 1 INDICE 3 CONTEXTO SEGUNDA VERSIÓN, AÑO 2013 8 9 PARTE A: MARCO CONTEXTUAL 1. Antecedentes generales 9 1.1 Ubicación y accesos 10 1.2 Deslindes 11 1.3 Antecedentes Legales 12 1.4 Síntesis Medio Ambiental 13 1.4.1 Limitantes para el manejo 13 1.4.2 Fisiografía 14 1.4.3 Hidrografía 14 1.4.4 Vegetación 15 1.4.5 Fauna 16 1.5 Situación de Uso 16 1.5.1 Uso Pasado 16 1.5.2 Uso Actual 17 2. Zona de influencia 17 2.1 Criterios de Definición 17 2.2 Zonas de Influencia 18 2.2.1 Zona de Influencia Ecológica 18 2.2.2 Zona de Influencia Socio-Económica 19 3 2.2.3 Zona de Influencia Político-Administrativa 20 3. Marco legal, político y técnico 20 3.1 Instrumentos Legales 20 3.1.1 Marco legal Nacional 21 3.2 Estrategias, Políticas y Planes Relacionados 22 3.2.1 Vinculación con Araucanía Lacustre (Emprende Chile) 22 3.2.2 Vinculación con la Estrategia de Desarrollo Regional (EDR) 23 3.2.3 Vinculación con la Estrategia de CONAF (IX Región) para el 23 Desarrollo Regional (ECDR) 3.3 Lineamientos Técnicos Relacionados 24 3.3.1 Definición de Parque Nacional 25 26 PARTE B: ANALISIS TERRITORIAL 1. Unidades homogéneas 26 1.1 Establecimiento de Tipología de Unidades Homogéneas 26 1.2 Valoración de Unidades Homogéneas 27 1.2.1 Criterios considerados 27 1.2.2 Valoración de Clases de Unidades Homogéneas 27 2. Valoración de las Unidades Homogéneas 28 2.1 Comunidad vegetal 28 2.1.1 Análisis bibliográfico de los estudios Florísticos realizados 28 2.1.2 Valoración Metodológica 28 2.1.3 Análisis de inventario vegetacional 28 2.1.4 Comunidades vegetacionales descritas 29 2.1.5 Superficie por tipo de uso del suelo 30 4 2.1.6 Superficie por tipo de uso vegetacional 31 33 2.1.7 Descripción de las comunidades vegetales 2.1.8 Valoración de las comunidades o asociaciones 37 2.1.9 Conclusiones 39 2.2 Biotopo faunístico 40 2.2.1 Análisis bibliográfico de los estudios faunísticos 40 2.2.2 Inventario faunístico 40 2.2.3 Definición de especies 40 2.2.4 Síntesis de la valorización de especies de fauna por biotopo 40 2.2.5 Relación proporcional de las especies faunísticas por 41 biotopo 2.2.6 Biotopos 41 2.2.6.1 Determinación de Biotopos del Parque Nacional Villarrica 41 2.2.6.2 Síntesis de Valoración de Biotopos 41 2.3 Unidad Geomorfología 44 2.3.1 Pendiente 44 2.3.2 Geomorfología 45 2.3.3 Geología 45 2.3.4 Hidrología 48 2.3.5 Valorización de Unidades Homogéneas 49 2.3.6 Conclusiones 51 2.4 Unidad de paisaje 52 2.4.1 Definición y descripción de unidades de paisaje (up) 52 2.4.2 Valoración de las unidades por criterio 52 5 2.4.3 Valoración del potencial de uso público (PUPp) 52 2.4.4 Síntesis del inventario del paisaje 52 2.4.5 Conclusiones 54 2.5 Unidad de acceso 59 2.5.1 Vías camineras 59 2.5.2 Senderos 60 2.6 Unidad de pendiente 64 2.7 Antecedentes Históricos Culturales 64 2.7.1 Clasificación y Valorización de sitios histórico culturales 64 2.8 Unidad de ocupación 72 2.9 Unidad de turismo 74 2.9.1 Inventario de Atractivos Turísticos 74 2.9.2 Clasificación de los Atractivos Turísticos 75 2.9.3 Valoración de los Atractivos Turísticos 80 2.9.4 Potencial de Uso Turístico 82 2.9.5 Conclusiones 88 90 PARTE C: ORDENACION Y PROGRAMACION 1. Objetivos de manejo 90 2. Programas de Manejo 90 2.1 Programas de aplicación 90 2.2 Matriz Lógica de Programas 91 2.3 Carta Gantt 117 3. Zonificación 117 6 3.1 Zonificación del Parque Nacional Villarrica 120 3.1.1 Zona de Uso Intangible 120 3.1.2 Zona de Uso Primitivo 121 3.1.3 Zona de Uso Público (Intensivo-Extensivo) 121 3.1.4 Zona de Uso Especial 121 3.1.5 Protección Integral 122 4. Normativa 124 4.1 Normas de Uso y Manejo 124 4.2 Normas Generales 133 4.2.1 Normas sectoriales 133 PARTE D: DIRECCIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN 152 1. Estructura organizativa y aprobaciones 152 1.1 Estructura Organizacional del Personal 152 1.1.2 Responsabilidades 152 158 2. Sistema de seguimiento y evaluación 3. Bibliografía consultada y complementaria 160 PARTE E: ANEXOS 166 7 CONTEXTO SEGUNDA VERSIÓN, AÑO 2013: Durante los años posteriores a la publicación de la primera versión del Plan de Manejo del Parque Nacional Villarrica, realizada el año 2006, esta unidad del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado, fue objeto de un esfuerzo de reinterpretación de sus límites físicos y su posterior inscripción en los Registros de Propiedad de los Conservadores de Bienes Raíces de las comunas respectivas, en las cuales se encuentra inserto el parque nacional. Esta ardua labor realizada por el Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales y la Corporación Nacional Forestal, culminó en el mes de enero del 2010 con la inscripción a favor del Fisco del Sector Puesco, con lo cual la totalidad del Parque Nacional Villarrica se encuentra desde esa fecha inscrito en favor del Fisco de Chile. Este proceso posibilitó dimensionar con mayor precisión la superficie y determinar los límites del Parque Nacional Villarrica. Posterior a ello y al amparo de la dictación de la nueva Ley de Turismo y en especial el Decreto Supremo N°50 del 25 de marzo del 2011 del Ministerio de Economía, el cual establece el “Reglamento que fija el procedimiento para otorgamiento de Concesiones Turísticas en Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado”, el Parque Nacional Villarrica fue definido como Área Silvestre Priorizada por un Consejo de Ministros de Estado, con la finalidad de que las futuras licitaciones turísticas en la Unidad, fueran regidas por el DS N°50/2011. Esta decisión implicó en un hecho relevante, la realización de un Estudio de Intensidad de Uso de las Zonas Factibles de Concesionar dentro del parque nacional, estudio que basado en variables biofísicas propone modificaciones a la zonificación del contenida en el Plan de Manejo del 2006. Esta versión 2013 del Plan de Manejo considera estos hechos relevantes para incorporar modificaciones en su Parte C “Ordenación y Programación”, en específico en todo el punto 3 denominado “Zonificación del Parque Nacional Villarrica”. Esta modificación se basa principalmente en dos aspectos, por un lado la determinación de los nuevos límites del Parque Nacional y por otro lado, la propuesta de zonificación revisada y ajustada relacionada con el “Estudio de Intensidad de Uso”. Basado en el principio de planificación dinámica en la construcción de los Planes de Manejo, la actualización presentada debe ser complementada por una etapa posterior. Esta etapa posterior deberá contemplar la modificación de toda la planimetría asociada al Plan de Manejo, fundamentándola en los actuales límites inscritos del Parque Nacional Villarrica. 8 PARTE A: MARCO CONTEXTUAL 1. ANTECEDENTES GENERALES La historia del Parque Nacional Villarrica se encuentra íntimamente ligada con la Reserva Forestal de Villarrica o Hualalafquén, ya que en ella se incluían los actuales terrenos del Parque. Esta reserva fue creada el 18 de octubre de 1912, a través del Decreto Supremo Nº 1722 del Ministerio de Industrias y Obras Públicas, con los sobrantes de terrenos fiscales que quedaron después de otorgarle título de dominio a la “Sociedad Ganadera del Lanín” que fue entregada a una empresa alemana, en los terrenos ubicados entre Pucón y Trancura, por Decreto Supremo Nº 62 del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, con fecha 12 de enero del año 1912, quedando la administración de la Reserva en manos de la Sección de Aguas y Bosques del Ministerio de Industrias (Cabeza, 1988). Esta reserva tenía como objetivo proveer al Estado de una reserva maderera y la explotación comercial de sus recursos en forma racional. La reserva tuvo originalmente alrededor de 273.000 ha. de superficie (Cabeza, 1988), pero a través del tiempo fue sufriendo diversas desafecciones de sus terrenos, que fueron configurando el actual sector de la Reserva Forestal de Villarrica, el Parque Nacional Huerquehue y el Parque Nacional Villarrica.
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