2020 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Barometer
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6th edition march 2020 WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF JEAN LAUNAY | PATRICK LAVARDE | SANDRA MÉTAYER | FRANÇOIS MÜNGER MELISSA OPRYSZKO | ERIK ORSENNA | CÉLINE ROBERT | RYAN SCHWEITZER ABDOULAYE SENE | CHARLES TELLIER | ALEXANDRE GIRAUD & ALAIN BOINET AND SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL TEAMS 2020 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE BAROMETER INVENTORY OF ACCESS TO A VITAL WATER RESOURCE CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS IN CRISIS/ES? EDITORIAL CONTENTS WATER 44 24 24 38 38 WATER & CRISIS/ES CHALLENGES AHEAD SOLUTIONS & INNOVATIONS IN CRISIS/ES? 5 Water is in crisis/es! 25 Water should be central! 39 Innovation is the future Alain Boinet, Founder Alexandre Giraud, of the WASH sector! 2020 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE BAROMETER, 6th ISSUE of SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL (SI) Managing Director Anne-Lise Lavaur (SI) INVENTORY OF ACCESS TO A VITAL of SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL 6 Water in figures 40 Overcoming risk aversion Water is life, but today water is in danger everywhere, as a result of pollution, RESOURCE, CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS A SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL publication 2 6 Emergency response: Thierry Benlahsen (SI) diminishing resources and climate change. And 2.6 million people – primarily children – the challenges faced by the Water, Managing editor Alexandre Giraud 8 Only 10 more years to turn Maintaining access die every year from water-related diseases. Sanitation and Hygiene sector 41 Head of communication Renaud Douci the SDG hopes into reality! in challenging contexts Groupe URD/Global Wash Cluster Editor-in-chief Chloé Demoulin Gérard Payen Xavier Lauth (SI) SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL, which will celebrate 40 years of humanitarian action Editorial staff Julien Barbier, 27 Emergency response: 9 Displaced persons: New data-based, this year, is once again sounding the alarm. Water is in crisis and this 2020 Water, Thierry Benlahsen, Clotilde Bertet, three obstacles to overcome 42 Alain Boinet, Natacha Calandre, Lucile Chabot, leaving no one behind contextually-relevant approaches Sanitation and Hygiene Barometer aims to take stock of the current situation, as well as Chloé Demoulin, Renaud Douci, MSF (Doctors Without Borders) UNHCR Melissa Opryszko Alexandre Giraud, Wangcos Laurore, the risks and solutions, with field workers, experts, benchmark organizations and leading 2 8 “Water is both the source and Tracy Wise (OFDA) Xavier Lauth, Anne-Lise Lavaur, Aude Lazzarini, 10 Eight things you need to know figures, on the occasion of World Water Day (March 22nd). Emmanuelle Maisonnave, Julie Mayans, and the victim of crises” about the global sanitation crisis 44 Haiti: no new cholera cases Justine Muzik Piquemal, Alicia Piveteau, Charles Tellier and Céline Robert (AFD) Marie-Françoise Sitnam and UN WATER for one year This water crisis severely affects health, agriculture, livestock rearing, food and energy, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL teams 3 0 In Kalemie, lack of funding Operations Management 11 A tale of two children Contributors Julien Eyrard, Édith Guiochon, threatens the fight against cholera in Haiti (SI) / UNICEF and causes ever-increasing tensions between various water-users, farmers and herders, UNICEF Anne Guion, Jean Launay, Sandra Métayer, urban and rural populations. Operations Management in DRC, François Münger, Niokhor Ndour, 46 2020, a landmark year for water 12 Cholera, major outbreaks with Lucile Chabot (SI) Melissa Opryszko, Erik Orsenna, Gérard Payen, Jean Launay (FWP) Céline Robert, Ryan Schweitzer, around the world In 2015, 195 UN member countries unanimously adopted the 17 Sustainable 3 2 The challenges of protecting Hamed Semega, Charles Tellier, Tracy Wise GTFCC 49 Water sharing at the heart access to water and sanitation Development Goals (SDGs), including universal access to water by 2030. Photos Maxence Bradley, Renaud Douci, of war and peace Gwenn Dubourthoumieu, Vincent Ghilione, 13 DRC faces the biggest Marie-Françoise Sitnam (SI) In 2018, the UN announced that we were not on the right track to achieve this goal. Anne Guion (La Vie) Tiecoura N’Daou, Prince Naymuzzaman Khan, cholera epidemic in its history And since then, nothing or next to nothing has happened. Adrienne Surprenant, Vincent Tremeau – 34 Access to sanitation: progress, Operations Management in DRC (SI) 50 Water consciousness, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL, Florian Seriex, but a mixed reality to shape future diplomacy Sanjit Das – Action contre la Faim 14 The Sahel in the midst Julien Eyrard (ACF) The 9th World Water Forum, which will take place in March 2021 in Dakar, Senegal, François Münger (GWH) Cover Renaud Douci of climate change 35 What are the aims of France’s and Niokhor Ndour (Pôle Eau Dakar) must be a different kind of Forum, a Forum of responses, especially for sub-Saharan Graphic design and illustration SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL new international strategy? Africa, the most disadvantaged continent in terms of drinking water access, where F. Javelaud 51 Mali: reducing the conflicts 18 Climate change: Sandra Métayer (Coalition Eau) the population is set to double by 2050. Printing COPYMAGE surrounding water points water and human security at risk English translation Jenny Fowler, Water isn’t earned, it’s a right! Aude Lazzarini Alicia Piveteau (SI) 36 SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL Édith Guiochon (Coalition Eau) and Emmanuelle Maisonnave (SI) The Dakar Forum must represent the most vulnerable populations, as well as Thank you to the editorial boards 19 Water must remain a source of life of Le Monde and La Vie for permission Monitoring the quality the organizations that are actively working to respond to the urgent water and sanitation in West Africa 52 situation. The Forum must provide practical responses and produce an emergency to reproduce the “Conflit hydropolitique sur le of WASH projects - a new Nil” map from L’Atlas de l’Eau et des Océans. Erik Orsenna (IAGF) coordinated approach political declaration that commits nations to action, in a world where 2.1 billion people Thank you to UNICEF for permission and Hamed Séméga (OMVS) James Brown (OXFAM) still do not have safe access to drinking water and 4.2 billion lack access to sanitation. to reproduce and adapt the diagram “A Tale th of Two Children” from Water Under Fire Volume 1: 2 0 9 World Water Forum “Dakar 2021”: 54 Dhaka: helping slum dwellers Emergencies, development and peace in fragile living up to the expectations exercise their right to water The world is thirsty, we cannot wait any longer, and no one must be left behind. and conflict-affected contexts. of those who thirst for drinking water, With Clotilde Bertet (SI) This is our mission and the Forum’s mission too. Thank you to GTFCC for permission an opportunity and a challenge to reproduce the “Major Cholera Outbreaks Exclusive interview with Abdoulaye 55 Oudin-Santini law - An appeal 2017-2018” map from Overview of Ending Sene and Patrick Lavarde Cholera, A Global Roadmap to 2030. to French communities from SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL Thank you to ACF and RBM for permission BY ALAIN BOINET, to reproduce and adapt the “Situation pastorale au Sahel, 2019” map. FOUNDER OF SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL AND ALEXANDRE GIRAUD, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL THE SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL WATER AGENDA Every year on March 22nd, World Water Day, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL campaigns against the devastating consequences of unsafe drinking water, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. That is why, this year, we are publishing internationally the 6th issue of the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Barometer. With this 6th issue, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL also aims to alert public opinion and spur decision-makers into action, both in the run-up SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL to the 9th World Water Forum in Dakar in 2021, and in the longer term, to achieve Goal 6 of the 2030 SDGs for universal access to drinking Gaining access and providing emergency assistance to those affected by armed conflicts, natural disasters and epidemics, followed by early water and sanitation. recovery assistance, has been the defining commitment of the humanitarian NGO SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL for 40 years. Access to Water, SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL is a member of the French Water Partnership and Coalition Eau. In 2016, we took part in Marrakesh COP22 Sanitation and Hygiene is the focus of our teams’ expertise and actions in the field. Currently present in some twenty countries, they provide on the issue of water in the Sahel and in March 2018, we attended the 8th World Water Forum in Brasilia. In France, we work within vital humanitarian aid to around 4 million people, solely on the basis of their needs, respecting their dignity, and without judging or taking sides. the “Groupe de Concertation Humanitaire” to strengthen the French Government’s commitment to promote universal, effective rights solidarites.org of access to drinking water worldwide. WATER & CRISIS/ES BY ALAIN BOINET, FOUNDER OF SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL WATER IS IN CRISIS/ES! Water is life, but water is threatened “We now know that the number of people and must mobilize actors in the field, by pollution of all kinds, by scarcity without access to safe drinking water has humanitarian and development workers, due to its over‑consumption and only decreased from 2.3 to 2.2 billion in 17 public and private operators. by climate change, which all cause years. (...) Worse, in sub-Saharan Africa, water stress and dangerous tensions the number of people using water that is This Forum must also act as a stimulus between various users. What is probably contaminated increased by 45% and a driver, urging countries and the UN the current situation and what can between 2000 and 2017”, warns the expert to achieve the SDGs, including Goal 6, be done? Gérard Payen in his article on the SDGs for which they unanimously adopted. We this Barometer. still have 10 years to achieve universal access to drinking water, which has been In the first part of this Barometer, you will considered a Human Right by the UN oday, 2.2 billion people in the find figures and articles on access to water since July 2010. TT world do not have access and sanitation, on water-related diseases, to safe drinking water and 4.2 billion on the impact of climate change in the This Forum’s theme is “Water Security are without safe access to sanitation.