August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18917 EXTENSION OF REMARKS NAIVETE CAN KILL YOU "The Russian leaders," he began, "have start, they have to win at any price, includ­ had such success in their campaign to ing a nuclear price. We mustn't let them weaken us, not only because we are naive smell an easy victory. They must always see HON. LARRY McDONALD and irresolute, but also because they have a very dangerous adversary." OF GEORGIA held their positions for so long and have "It's sometimes observed that if you seize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES learned the game exceedingly well. Gromy­ a wasp, the wasp will infallibly sting you, ko has held his post since 1957. Admiral even though it dies," I said. "So nobody Monday, August 2, 1982 Gorshkov, who created the modem Soviet bothers wasps." e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, navy, since 1956 ... a great naval strategist, "Exactement," the general said. John Train of Forbes magazine, inter­ incidentally. The only figure of comparable But wouldn't any nuclear war in Europe viewed Gen. Pierre Gallois of France stature on our side has been Admiral Rick­ devastate everything there, and thus recently on the movement for a nucle­ over. By the time our leaders learn what has remove Russia's interest in taking over to be done, get it through a hundred com­ Europe? ar freeze. General Gallois is consid­ mittees, sell it to the public-if they can sell ered by many to be the leading mili­ "You are behind the times, Monsieur." it-and raise the money, it's usually too late. The general exhibited a graph showing the tary strategist of France. In the inter­ The Soviets do most things badly, but they evolution of nuclear yields required to de­ view, which appeared in the July 5, conceive and execute foreign policy much stroy a specific objective over the last 20 1982 issue of Forbes, General Gallois more effectively than we do. There have years. points out the naivete of those who been 5 top men in the U.S.S.R. since World War II, compared with 8 U.S. presidents and "One kiloton will soon serve where once feel that a nuclear freeze will bring 30 governments in France. They have an im­ five megatons were required, because of the peace. The interview follows for the mense advantage in continuity of purpose much greater accuracy of today's missiles." edification of those who think there is and method. "Even should we achieve nu­ He produced a map of Europe's airports, en­ an easy way of confronting Soviet ag­ will circled by shadows showing the blast radius merical parity in Euromissiles, we not of a pinpointed missile. "As you see, the gression. have equality. Our missiles must be de­ The article follows: ployed in heavily populated Western Russians could eliminate almost any airport Europe; theirs can be in relatively empty in Europe without hitting the city it serves. NAIVETE CAN KILL You Now, thanks to high-precision missiles, you country. So our posture is much more dan­ gerous. That has triggered the current Eu­ will be able to immobilize a country without cruise missiles, then there's no significant ting the possibilty of a nuclear war confined Pierre Gallois ranks as one of the most European deterrent, and it's game, set and to Europe, whatever the unwisdom of talk­ original strategic thinkers of modem match to the Russians. ing about it? France, perhaps comparable to de Gaulle in "It's like the Falklands. Had the British "Of course. Such a surprise surgical strike the 1930s. An airman, he flew in bombers stationed a battalion there, instead of a is infinitely more likely than the conven­ from England in World War II and after the company, showing that they really meant tional war NATO contemplates. Look at war joined the general staff of the French business, the Argentines would have kept this." He produced a map showing the heav­ air force. General Gallois urged upon Presi­ hands off. Think how much better off ev­ ily industrialized areas of Germany, follow­ dent Charles de Gaulle a deterrent force in­ erybody would be-not only the British and ing the Rhine from the North Sea to Swit­ dependent of the U.S. nuclear umbrella, the Argentines, but particularly the U.S., zerland. "There isn't any more 'north which, he held, could not be depended on which will be the real loser. It's much German plain.' It's become towns and facto­ after the Soviets had achieved their own harder to fight your way back than to deter ries, difficult country for tanks."

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 18918 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 there's one condition: The U.S. must leave sters and Roy Williams, let me provide to come after them. The same people Germany.' If the Germans accept that, the a little background. Mr. Williams is are still the losers in the bargain-the rest of Europe will lose heart, and Finlandi­ presently under Federal indictment­ zation-or Sovietization-is inevitable. everyday working members of the "Then, there's the piranha technique-cut his fourth-for bribery and conspiracy Teamsters Union and the everyday off so many slices that the victim bleeds to in an attempt to buy off a Nevada citizens of this country·• death: Syria, Central America, Afghanistan, State senator. According to FBI affi­ South Yemen pressuring Saudi Arabia, fan­ davits, material turned up by a special ning neutralism in Germany, Iran. In the Government task force and sworn tes­ CAPTIVE NATIONS-THE WEST'S future may come a bite out of northern timony before House and Senate in­ STRONGEST ALLY Yugoslavia, intensified pressure from the vestigating committees, Mr. Williams Kola Peninsula or a move into Baluchistan, is the tool of the Kansas City crime while India annexes northern Pakistan. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI organization known as the "Outfit." OF ILLINOIS "A third scenario is the implantation of Said the Village Voice on October 16, Marxist regimes in countries with raw mate­ 1981: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rials vital to us: Saudi Arabia, southern Monday, August 2, 1982 Africa and so on. There are dozens of other Williams has moved to the top of the possibilities not mutually exclusive.'' Teamsters because of his well-documented e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 2 Still, would Germany really make a deal connections to the men who control orga­ weeks ago, as the Members know, was with Russia? nized crime in the Midwest. the 24th anniversary of Captive Na­ "It depends on P..merica. These waves of Now, I have the highest respect for tions Week, which was appropriately pacifism and neutralism sweep over Germa­ our Vice President. He is from my observed in the Congress as well as ny every few years and then subside. It home State and I admire and respect should subside this time, too. But if we do across the country. everything wrong, then it might not. If you him. But Mr. Speaker I believe George The importance of these observances renounce the first use of nuclear arms in Bush and his staff demonstrated poor is to place emphasis on the denial of self-defense, if the Pershing II or cruise mis­ judgment in lending the honor and freedom of human rights to over 100 sile is not deployed, if you keep telling the credibility of this Nation's second million non-Russians held captive by Europeans they're rich enough so that they highest office to Lee Roy Williams at Communist rule. must do more or you'll pull out, or if the this particular time. During Captive Nations Week, a con­ Kennan-McNamara approach catches on, Only 4 days ago Secretary of Labor then Europe is done for.'' gressional luncheon was held at which Donovan and other administration of­ Maj. Gen. John K. Singlaub, U.S. Didn't the general respect the Kennan ficials testified before the House Ways group, which now urges a "no first use" Army, retired, was the guest speaker. I policy? and Means Oversight Committee wish to insert General Singlaub's very "The Ambassador Kennan who wrote the about the continuing abuses of Team­ impressive address for those Members famous 'long telegram' to the State Depart­ sters leadership and the problems with who could not attend. The address fol­ ment was a notable statesman. The present the Teamsters' $3.5 billion pension lows: Kennan is, frankly, very old, not the same fund, a fund the mob has been anx­ man. Everything he said then about dealing ious to control. These officials prom­ CAPTIVE NATIONS-THE WEST'S STRONGEST with the Soviets is as true now as it ever ised that this time things are differ­ ALLY was: You've got to be strong, frank and ent, that this administration is going

United States to carry out this and valor we honor today. The spirit of which disrupts the peace of detente. Since strategy, some important changes need to an arms race will undoubtedly lead to a be made. The covert actions and human in­ Ukrainian resistance, which has served as shooting war and a shooting war can esca­ an inspiration to freedom fighters through­ telligence collection capabilities of the Cen­ late into a nuclear war in which all civiliza­ tral Intelligence Agency must be reestab­ out the world, is still being expressed in the tion will be destroyed, the U.S. people must form of dissident writings and actions from reject any increase in defense expenditures, lished. The Special Operations forces of the all parts of the Soviet Empire and by quiet accept a freeze at the present level of nucle­ Army, Navy and Air Force must be expand­ acts of sabotage and passive resistance ar weapons, and even initiate unilateral dis­ ed and restructured. Legislative restraints inside the 1500 slave labor camps which armament to show our good faith. If we are which protect communist imperialism and form the Gulag Archipelago. forced to accept these ideas as a conse­ prevent or limit assistance to non-commu­ Today there are no American Servicemen quence of the disinformation activities and nist or anti-communist governments of the fighting and dying in any part of the world. psychological operations being conducted by Third World must be removed. Perhaps Because the guns are silent most Americans well-meaning but naive Americans, we will most important, there is a need to expose today believe that the Nation is enjoying a remain in this false state of peace while the and counter Soviet disinformation activities period of peace. But the facts are that today Soviets extract more and more concessions in the Free World with and expanded, mod­ we are not living in a time of peace. We are and compromises. We will be forced to meet ernized, and unapologetic series of freedom in the midst of war. Admittedly it is not a coercive threats with increasing appease­ radio stations, such as Voice of America, hot war in the conventional sense, but it is a ment and eventual surrender to avoid a pos­ Radio Free Europe, Radio Marti, and revolutionary, total war. It knows no truce sible thermo-nuclear war. The Soviets will others. and can only end if one of the antagonistic have won the conflict in the manner recom­ Today in the world-wide political struggle camps is totally defeated. mended by the ancient Chinese military between Communism and the West there In the West as soon as the shooting stops scholar Sun Tzu who in 350 B.C. advised are literally hundreds of millions of en­ or when diplomacy has prevented the out­ that the best general was he who avoided break of a shooting war, we operate under slaved peoples who are searching for some the use of violence and achieved his con­ form of encouragement which will lead to peacetime rules of civilized nations. This we quest by the surrender of the enemy. believe to be peace. Unfortunately the their eventual liberation. They are one of What can we in the West do to prevent the potentially most powerful spiritual and USSR and Communist China have a com­ this conquest by surrender? First we must pletely different set of rules. According to political forces in the world. They are, in come to terms with the existence of an en­ fact, the West's strongest ally.e the rules of Marxism-Leninism, the continu­ during adversary relationship with the ing class struggle means that the Socialist USSR and Communist China. Second, as a camp is at war with the non-communist matter of urgency, we must develop a West­ world on a continuing basis whether at the em strategy which recognizes the whole A FITTING TRffiUTE TO shooting or the non-shooting part of the spectrum of conflict. This strategy must not SECRETARY WATT conflict spectrum. only accept the communist challenge to the The West and especially its leader the point of resisting it forcefully, but it must United States, looks at war today to be di­ exploit to the maximum those many weak­ HON. HENRY S. REUSS vided into two separate categories or levels nesses within the communist empire with a OF WISCONSIN of intensity. The highest level of intensity view toward rolling back communist tyran­ and the greatest threat to national security ny and domination everywhere. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and survival is Strategic Nuclear War. At a The basic global strategy for reversing the Monday, August 2, 1982 lower level of violence, with a lower threat communist policies and thereby guarantee to our national security is what is referred the survival of the free world contains two e Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, I want to to as conventional war. This involves battal­ basic elements: share with my colleagues columnist ions and divisions, artillery and tanks, ships 1. The process of self-surrender by the and airplanes using conventional weapons. free nations must be stopped, and Joel McNally's perceptive article from The military forces of the United States 2. The process of liberation behind the the July 27 Milwaukee Journal, re­ and many of our Free-World allies are orga­ Iron and Bamboo Curtains must be support­ flecting on the service of the Secretary nized, equipped, funded and trained to fight ed and hastened as much as possible. of the Interior. 18920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 THE INNOCENT BYSTANDER plan for dismantling the Department submission, the administration Iowa previous estimate, is still not well doc­ and Kansas at premium prices. The only cited two principal reasons for the pro­ umented, and does not reflect poten­ concession he made was to toss in the Dako­ posed dismantling-symbolism and tial offsetting expenses of reorganiza­ tas at two for the price of one. savings. tion. As part of the deal, Watt got a nice job The symbolism of downgrading the with the company as senior vice president Government's role in energy is appeal­ As the GAO conducted its analysis for wilderness condo development. ing to those who believe the Nation's and provided interim progress reports The company even kept Ronald Reagan energy policy is best determined by to me, it became clear that much more on the payroll as a public spokesman. It is thorough planning and analysis the same job he held with General Electric. market forces. On the other hand the needed to be done by the administra­ In between vacations, he goes around read­ Cabinet-level Department of Energy tion to justify and to implement their ing his speech and being genial. was established in 1977, in part for its There are some people who say that life exactly opposite symbolic appeal; it proposal. On July 13 I submitted a fol­ really hasn't changed all that much. Instead symbolized a recognition of the impor­ lowup request to GAO for analysis of of paying taxes, we pay rent. tance of energy policy and a Govern­ several additional areas of concern re­ As long as you keep your nose clean and garding the reorganization. GAO is at­ don't stir up any union trouble, the pay and ment commitment to a secure energy tempting to complete this work by the benefits aren't bad. You just have to future. It consolidated in one depart­ early next year, and it should be avail­ pray that you are never laid off. ment several energy offices and pro­ able for the House to consider if a You really have to feel sorry for those grams and was heralded as a move people who get behind in their rent. How toward efficiency. House sponsor for the reorganization would you like to come home someday and The debate over the dismantlement legislation is found. find that all of your belongings have been of DOE will continue to be punctuated Devastating though it is to the piled on the other side of the border? by the clashing of symbols. They re­ claims made thus far for reorganiza­ We had to give up a few things such as tion, the preliminary report released freedom. But there is just no other way to flect conflicting values and will, of course, be considered by each Member. today is not intended to and does not run a company. Somebody has to be in make the case against the proposal. I charge who will keep an eye on the bottom The second reason cited by the line. President for dismantlement, however, have not yet taken a position, and I This is something that Watt always un­ the claim of cost savings, is subject to remain willing to consider a reorgani­ derstood. When we entrusted him with our objective analysis. In January, on zation based on a thorough analysis of natural resources, he immediately calculat­ behalf of the Subcommittee on Fossil both its policy implications and its ed the enormous market value that had and Synthetic Fuels, I asked the GAO costs and savings. somehow been overlooked by previous inte­ Where a reorganization can clearly rior secretaries. to evaluate the dismantlement propos­ Now, if you want to see a tree or a bird, al and to include a critique of any cost and unequivocally provide more effi­ several have been reconstructed and are on or savings estimate the administration cient operation and cost the taxpayers display in the museum. develops. Other committees and sub­ less, it should be considered. But to re­ We hated like heck to see all those mass committees made subsequent and com­ ceive serious consideration, any pro­ fatalities from lung disease and poisoned plementary requests, and the report posal must be supported with proper ground water. But, after all, business is busi­ released today is a preliminary re­ analyses documenting all the advan­ ness.e sponse to these requests. · tages and disadvantages of that pro­ The GAO report is, in a word, devas­ posal. GAO REPORT UNDERMINES tating. The savings claimed by the ad­ I urge the administration to use the CLAIMS OF SAVINGS FROM ministration are conclusively shown to GAO report as a starting point for a DOE DISMANTLEMENT be unsound, undocumented, and unbe­ new and much more thorough calcula­ lievable. Couched in GAO's carefully tion of the costs seriously only if it is HON. PHIUP R. SHARP colorless and understated prose is a presented and documented seriously. OF INDIANA blistering indictment of the methodol­ If the proposal has no better basis, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ogy and objectivity of most of the however, than the discredited num­ claims for saving made thus far. bers used to date, we should reject it Monday, August 2, 1982 To evaluate the administration's without hesitation. • Mr. SHARP. Mr. Speaker, on May claims, GAO has to hit a moving A copy of the report, "Analysis of 24, 1982, the President announced his target. In its fiscal year 1983 budget Energy Reorganization Savings Esti- August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18921 mates And Plans," GAO/EMD-82-77, NEED FOR TRANSITIONAL PLANNING tating. Electricity, communications, August 2, 1982, is available from GAO, Sound transitional planning is necessary water supplies and food crops, includ­ but for the information of my col­ to ensure an efficient, effective reorganiza­ ing coconut trees were virtually wiped leagues I submit excerpts be reprinted tion. out. On Ha'apai 95 percent of the at this point in the RECORD. The administration has not <1 > performed buildings were badly damaged or de­ the detailed planning necessary to define stroyed. Forty percent of the buildings EXCERPTS FROM GAO REPORT how energy functions would be organized, DIGEST coordinated, managed, and operated, <2> on Vava'u were damaged or destroyed In summary, GAO found that the admin­ identified the administrative and operation­ and 60 percent of the buildings on istration has not developed reliable informa­ al requirements for implementing changes, Tongatapu. In Nuku'alofa, the capital tion on key aspects of the proposed reorga­ and (3) documented the costs and savings town, about 15 percent of the build­ nization. The costs or savings of the pro­ that could be expected to result from the re­ ings were destroyed, 50 to 60 percent posed energy reorganization are not reflect­ organization. were heavily damaged, the power sta­ ed in the 1983 budget request, the expenses CONCLUSIONS tion destroyed and the harbor, jetty of reorganization have not been assessed, and the current savings estimates are poorly More detailed planning which addresses and foreshore buildings flattened. documented and are based on inadequate administrative and operational require­ Offical estimates of damage by the implementation plans. ments for implementing changes is neces­ Government of Tonga and the Red sary to ensure an efficient, effective reorga­ ENERGY BUDGET REQUEST DOES NOT REFLECT Cross and the United Nations Disaster REORGANIZATION COSTS OR SAVINGS nization.• Relief Organization, energy program changes rather • Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, we are March 5, on the first available flight than reorganization, <2> reorganization ef­ accustomed in this country to disaster after the cyclone to inspect damage fects that administration officials could not resulting from acts of God: floods, tor­ and discuss disaster rehabilitation as­ specifically support, and (3) management nadoes, cyclones, volcanoes. What is sistance with the Peace Corps director actions that could be implemented whether and the Country Director of the U.S. reorganization does or does not occur. Off­ more difficult for us to comprehend is setting expenses were not included. . . . a nation so exposed to the elements Private Voluntary Organization, The The Secretary of Commerce estimated in that one such act of God can affect Foundation for the Peoples of the a June 24, 1982, hearing of the Senate Gov­ the entire population. South Pacific. ernmental Affairs Committee, that the pro­ Yet this is the case with the King­ As as result of this visit the United posed reorganization would result in cost­ dom of Tonga in the South Pacific. I States donated 500 tents and tent flies, savings of $250 million over a 3-year period. myself am personally concerned with 200 rolls of plastic sheeting, 315 cotton The documentation provided by the Com­ blankets and 520 5-gallon collapsible merce Department shows that this estimate this calamity since there is a large was based on adjustments to the previous population of Tongans in my electoral plastic water containers airlifted from estimate of the administration's task force district and it is their families who the Guam stockpile; 2,000 AID hand­ on energy reorganization. . . . The estimate have suffered as a result. clasp labels, 456 hurricane lanterns, is not adequately documented and does not Cyclone Isaac struck the northern­ 144 chimneys, 20 rolls of wicks, 300 reflect a full assessment of potential reorga­ most islands of the Kingdom of Tonga tents for SAWS, miscellaneous medi­ nization expenses. on March 3 of this year and roared its cal supplies and $100,000 for emergen­ MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES way through the entire island chain cy food supplies of taro, yams and NEED TO BE CONSIDERED IN REORGANIZATIONS with winds of 120 knots-138 miles per sweet potatoes to replace local crops. Although DOE's policies, procedures, and hour. All three groupings within In addition, the Foundation for the financial and management systems would be Peoples of the South Pacific has a available for immediate use following reor­ Tonga-Ha'apai, Vava'u and Tonga­ ganization, there are potential expenses as­ tapu-were affected. USAID startup fund of $50,000 for sociated both with their continued use and Miraculously only 7 people out of longer range rehabilitation projects: their merger with the systems of other the 100,000 population affected were village housing reconstruction, com­ agencies. drowned, but the damage was devas- munity halls, food planting and fish- 18922 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 ing boats and equipment of increased State Department, and up to $80 mil­ ment, a third for local use by the supplies of fish. The foundation, lion by other observers, enable the Vi­ worker, and a third to be remitted to which works in collaboration with the etnamese Government to meet some Vietnam. The latter would increase Peace Corps and with a network of of its debt repayment obligations, esti­ the Government's foreign currency Tongan women's clubs, is also appeal­ mated by the International Monetary holdings which, again, are used for ing for additional funds to suppple­ Fund at $237 million to its non-Com­ debt service to non-Communist credi­ ment this program which is part of a munist creditors for this year. tors. national rebuilding program. The Vietnamese Government also Evidence collected from refugees As an American I am proud that the uses the dollars it receives from its ex­ makes it clear that recruitment of U.S. Government and a U.S. private change activities to purchase goods workers for this program is largely in­ voluntary organization have collabo­ and supplies from the black market voluntary, especially from the south. rated with the Peace Corps in disaster for its armed forces. Specifically, the Though the extent is difficult to de­ assistance which is already valued at Government has launched a very in­ termine because of the scarcity of in­ $614,403, not counting the many hours tense and sophisticated campaign to formation, even one Vietnamese citi­ of donated services. get Vietnamese refugees in this coun­ zen sent against his will is one too However, as an American I am also try and elsewhere to wire currency to many for the United States to stand disturbed that a disaster of this rela­ their family members through a gov­ idly by and watch. As such, I have in­ tive dimension, which affects an entire ernment-sponsored money transfer or­ cluded as a provision of my bill a con­ people and will disrupt Tongan lives ganization called "Imex." The Govern­ dition under which the prohibition on for the next 5 years, receives such ment advertises this transfer program the export of currency to Vietnam can little attention in the media. Major in Vietnamese-language newspapers, be lifted: when the President deter­ newspapers gave the initial cyclone a uses direct mailings to the Vietnamese mines that Vietnamese nationals forc­ paragraph. I am not aware that it was communities, and uses collection ibly sent to other Communist coun­ covered in any network television agents to forward currency-transfer tries are returned to Vietnam. news. Some radio news services gave it orders from the United States through the Imex offices in Ottawa, Montreal, Mr. Speaker, when the United States a mention. left Vietnam in 1975, I do not believe The American people are the most Paris, and elsewhere. In its advertise­ ments, Imex stresses the reputed ad­ we left with the intention of abandon­ generous in the world when a disaster ing her people to the forces of tyranny is covered by the media and brought vantages of its currency-transfer pro­ gram. These advantages are described and repression against which more to their attention. I would like to en­ than 50,000 U.S. troops sacrificed their courage our U.S. Office of Foreign as the speed and ease of transfer and lives. But, despite our well-meaning in­ Disaster Assistance to work with dedi­ the better-than-official rate of ex­ change given for each dollar wired. Ac­ tention, this, in fact, is what we have cated groups of private voluntary or­ done. Horror stories about the condi­ ganizations, like the American Council cording to an Imex flyer, each dollar can buy about 35 dong, a sizable pre­ tions in Vietnam, the repression of her of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign citizens, the so-called "reeducation" of Service and private agencies in inter­ mium over the official rate of ex­ supporters of the former regime left national development which work change of 9 or 10 dong to the dollar. What is not described in the lmex by the United States, are finally with our Advisory Committee on Vol­ coming to the attention of the Ameri­ untary Agencies and the Bureau of flyer and advertisements is that the can people. But, we as policymakers Food for Peace and Voluntary Assist­ Government is able to exchange the must act now and not wait for the ance of USAID, to insure that future dollars it gets through this program at American people to realize fully the disasters like cyclone Isaac receive the the black market rate of 60 to 80 dong extent of the repression that exists in media attention they merit.e to the dollar, thus increasing their purchasing power by 600 to 800 per­ Vietnam. cent over the official rate of exchange Since 1975, the United States has CURRENCY SENT TO VIETNAM and at least 100 percent over what it turned a deaf ear to the plight of the SHOULD BE STOPPED paid in premiums for the dollar. The Vietnamese people still in Vietnam. value of each dollar gained through We have rightly welcomed and helped HON. DON BAILEY this method is thus multiplied and in the settlement of the Vietnamese used to maintain this repressive and refugees, but we have done little for OF PENNSYLVANIA those still living under the repressive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tyrannical regime in power To meet its debt repayments to its regime. We have done little to per­ Monday, August 2, 1982 Communist neighbors and supporters, suade the Vietnamese Government of • Mr. BAILEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. the Vietnamese Government has also the fact that we vehemently oppose its Speaker, on June 24, I introduced leg­ instituted a "guest worker" program actions against its own citizens and islation to prohibit the export of cur­ with the Soviet Union and other East­ others-particularly the forced export rency to the Socialist Republic of Viet­ em European countries. Estimated to of labor to repay its debts to other nam. That bill, H.R. 6687, has been re­ involve between 100,000 to 500,000 Vi­ Communist regimes. ferred to the Committee on Foreign etnamese nationals, the purpose of the That fact will change, however, with Affairs, though I intend to offer the program is clear and unequivocal-to enactment of H.R. 6687. By cutting off text of the bill as an amendment to repay the Government's debt to the an important source of hard currency H.R. 6370, the International Security Soviet Union. This debt is said by a for the Vietnamese Government, we and Development Cooperation Act, recent International Monetary Fund can convey the point that we will no when it is considered here in the report to be about $3 billion. The vehi­ longer avoid responsibility. We can House. cle for repayment of this debt is said convey the point that U.S. troops did Mr. Speaker, as many of my col­ to be the partial withholding of the not fight nor die in a vain effort to leagues know, U.S. dollars currently workers' wages, which has been char­ insure the liberty and freedom of the being sent under the family remit­ acterized as a "tax" which may be Vietnamese people. And, finally, we tance program constitute a large pro­ credited against Hanoi's debt. Esti­ can convey to the people still in Viet­ portion of the hard currency used by mates of the ratio vary. According to a nam that we did not intentionally turn the Vietnamese Government to fi­ State Department document, 40 per­ our backs on their efforts to secure nance the repression of her own citi­ cent for the worker and 60 percent the basic freedoms, but that we con­ zens and those of her neighbors. withheld for the Government's debt tinue to support their fight. These funds, currently estimated from repayment has been mentioned. Other Mr. Speaker, Vietnamese refugees in $10 to $20 million annually by the sources list a third for debt repay- this country have told me of their sup- August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18923 port of this bill. While they want to leagues and friends throughout at this moment. The judge, who had already help their family members who Contra Costa County and California. accepted the accused's insanity plea, had no remain in Vietnam, they also under­ She has been an active member of alternative but to release her. stand the need to deny the Govern­ the California School Food Service As­ At eighteen, Chicagoan Thomas Vanda stabbed a teenaged neighbor as she lay in ment the hard currency it needs to sociation and the American School bed. Put on probation and under psychiatric continue financing its repressive ac­ Food Service P.:.SSociation. For the past care, Vanda shortly afterward killed a fif­ tivities. They are anxious to continue 12 years, she has served as member­ teen-year-old girl with a hunting knife. He the present program of sending gift ship director of CSFSA and is a past was found not guilty by reason of insanity packages to their families, realizing national membership director of the and sent to a mental hospital. Within a year that these packages are an equally val­ ASFSA. She still finds time to serve as the specialists there decided that his psy­ uable form of aid as is currency, current president of the Danville­ chosis had cleared up and turned him though not convertible to aid for the Alamo Soroptimists. loose-over strenuous objections from his Government, aid used against the very own defense counsel. In May 1978, Vanda Arlene has been married to Sheldon was back in court • • • charged with stab­ citizens it was sent to benefit. In fact, Pearson for 43 years. Together they bing a woman to death. many refugees here have complained have reared three children. They are These are merely three out of hundreds of that the present Government pres­ very devoted to their six grandchil­ gruesome grotesqueries arising from our pe­ sures relatives in Indochina to write dren and one great grandchild. culiar notions of insanity as a legal defense. and request assistance from relatives Befitting a person in the food serv­ No other single factor has contributed quite here, including using police tactics to ices field, Arlene is an avid collector of so much to the present decrepitude of achieve their goal of obtaining dollars. recipes. Over the years, she has built a America's criminal justice system. Nor, pos­ sibly, to the clammy fear that permeates Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to fine collection from all parts of the our streets. join me in support of this bill when I world. The Idaho legislature recently voted to offer it as an amendment to the Inter­ I join Arlene's many friends in abolish insanity as a defense of crimes. Dr. national Security and Development paying tribute to her dedication and Abraham Halpern, director of psychiatry at Cooperation Act. I have attached a outstanding contributions to the con­ United Hospital in Port Chester, N.Y., and a copy of the bill, which I request be tinued health and nutrition of our consultant to the New York Law Revision printed at this point in the REcoRD. young people. Her efforts over the Commission, agrees that the insanity de­ H.R. 6687 years deserve our highest praise. I fense should be abolished. "It's confusing to know you will join me in wishing her everybody," he says, "and it does much to Be it enacted by the Senate and House of foster ridicule, and sometimes contempt, for Representatives of the United States of health and happiness in her retire­ the legal and psychiatric professions." America in Congress assembled. That no ment years.e The trouble with the insanity defense is person shall export from the United States that nobody knows what it means, not even any currency directly or indirectly to any THE INSANITY PLEA the experts. According to Dr. Karl Men­ person in Vietnam. ninger, "'Insane' is an expression we psy­ Cb> Any person who violates the provisions chatrists don't use until we get to court. In­ of subsection shall be fined not more HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. sanity is a question of public opinion.'' than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than For more than 100 years U.S. courts went one year or both. OF KICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the English M'Naghten Rule, which The President shall issue such regula­ asked simply if the defendant knew "the tions as are necessary to carry out this sec­ Monday, August 2, 1982 nature and quality of the act" and was able tion. to distinguish right from wrong. Then sever­ SEC. 2. If the President determines that • Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the Hinckley trial and its outcome has al court decisions brought in the criterion of the government of Vietnam is returning to "irresistible impulse." This meant that Vietnam those Vietnamese nationals that spurred very serious and intense someone could be found innocent by reason that government has sent against their will debate on the status of the insanity of insanity if unable to control certain acts, to other Communist countries, then the plea and the role of psychiatric infor­ though knowing they were wrong. President may suspend the provisions of mation in the courtroom. John God­ At this point the entire formula began to this Act.e win's "The Farce of Courtoom Psychi­ unravel, and many legal minds began feel­ atry," published in the August 1982 ing nostalgic for the good old, primitive ARLENE PEARSON HONORED AT issue of Penthouse magazine, is one of M'Naghten days. For how, in Freud's name, the most thorough examinations of do you prove an impulse "irresistible"? As RETIREMENT Chicago law scholar Franklin Zimring has the insanity plea issue that I have observed: "If your psychiatric labels aren't HON. GEORGE MILLER come across. I recommend the article, clear and the legal standards you use to feed excerpts of which follow, to my col­ OF CALIFORNIA them into decisions are foggy, fog times fog leagues in the spirit of furthering the equals fog squared." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES discussion of the issue. Proof mostly rests on the testimonies of Monday August 2, 1982 [From Penthouse, August 19821 psychiatrists and is often expressed in terms incomprehensible to a jury. Even when e Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. THE FARCE OF COURTROOM PSYCHIATRY stripped of professional jargon, these state­ Speaker, on August 13, 1982, Arlene . ation. eral years I have been interested in Luci Baines Johnson Nugent had a history The housing industry-the Nation's Luci Johnson's significant work done of failing in grammar school, said Blaise, largest private employer-is in serious and was placed in remedial classes. "But with visually handicapped children. when she received proper eye examinations trouble today. The $600 billion thrift She has inspired others, especially my she was discovered to have had a vision per­ industry is in serious trouble and friend, Charles Blaise of New Orleans, ception problem which was treated and cor­ facing collapse. A large segment of the to recognize the importance of the rected. After therapy she caught up with banking industry is in serious trouble, impact of visual and reading handi­ her school work and was graduated." to say nothing of the automobile and caps upon students. Today the state of Texas requires that airline industries. The following article by Frank every child be given eye examinations by The underlying problems of this Schneider, a popular columnist in New certified and qualified persons, and school large segment of the economy are ag­ Orleans, appeared in the New Orleans nurses are trained to review the progress of gravated by persistent and aritficially Times-Picayune and States-Item de­ cases and to spot visual problems in stu­ high interest rates. tailing the unhappy results of such dents, said Blaise. So far as the three industries are handicaps: In our area, he said, the 20/20 chart is still concerned, namely housing, thrift, and [From the Times-Picayune/The States­ used for student eye tests and no near vision banking, neither the administration in Item, June 14, 19821 test is administered. Students are given competency tests, but not "complete" eye Washington nor the Congress, appar­ THERE's MoRE TO Goon VISION THAN SEEING examinations, he said. ently, have any real understanding THE OLD EYE CHART CLEARLY and appreciation of the crisis, which The public schools, said Blaise, do not take the lead in any efforts to improve may occur at any time, and the politi­ Unless we have cataracts or glaucoma, visual or hearing tests, and many times par­ cal fallout. vision is something to which most of us give ents are not aware of their children's dis­ The few of us who were in housing little thought. It comes with the other senses. abilities. "And early detection is important." and finance at the time the President "I have 20/20 vision," a man will boast. The "sports medicine" program has been was forced to close all of the banks, But, asks Charlie Blaise, can he see? "All instituted at the University of New Orleans, and many other financial institutions 20/20 vision means is that he can see clearly said Blaise. Athletes there undergo physio­ during the Great Depression, have wit­ at a distance of 20 feet with both eyes. How logical tests including visual, nutritional, nessed a similar crisis, and for that about 12 inches?" etc. It was revealed that of 148 athletes in reason, perhaps, understand what is Blaise says we are ignoring a causative the program 59 "had visual problems not happening today a little better. factor for such community liabilities as tru­ known before." These were corrected. Some ancy, school dropouts and juvenile delin­ had "night blindness" and others showed This paper will deal with the history quency. And while it seems he offers a early signs of glaucoma, Blaise said. of the thrift industry and, in the light rather simplistic solution to these liabilities, Blaise is a member of the Orleans Parish of that history, the extremely under­ he insists it's at least worth a try and schol­ Anti Truancy Commission and president of standable difficulty which the indus­ arly observation. He's been researching the Community Relations Committee at the try now finds itself; difficulties cer­ visual disabilities for many years. Jackson Barracks inmate training facility, tainly not of its own making. Over a century ago a man devised a read­ where inmates are taught basic skills. But As a result of the Great Depression, ing chart to determine vision at 20 feet. they are also tested for visual, audio and nu­ the home mortgage finance structure "We're still using his chart," said Blaise. In tritional problems. "The repetitive rate in the United States completely col­ those days there were few periodicals, and there is 7 percent . . . compared with 60 or just a privileged few read books. Now life­ lapsed. The Congress and the adminis­ 70 percent nationally. And we've found a lot tration, at that time, and every admin­ styles are completely different-everybody of visual problems there that were correct­ reads, sequentially requiring sharp vision at istration and Congress since that time, close range, not just at 20 feet. ed." have understood the desirability and Blaise suggests that excellent vision at 20 "You see," Blaise said, "a child has only indeed the obligation to encourage feet today may be a handicap and non-pro­ three avenues for help with a problem-if homeownership as a prime means of gressive, because more recent testing dem­ he can't read with comprehension, if the onstrates that the majority of students with words seem all garbled-he can seek help protecting and enhancing the Ameri­ 20/20 vision are not good achievers. "Stu­ from his teacher, his parents or his commu­ can family. The current administra­ dents scoring in the upper quarter of their nity. And if they don't hear him asking for tion is deeply committed to this pur­ classes fail the 20/20 vision test." help he is convinced he is a failure and that pose. In order to bring about afford­ In 1950 a survey determined that 160,000 nobody cares." able homeownership for the largest U.S. school children had visual problems Deterioration of a life beglns.e possible segment of the American fam- 18926 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 ilies, the Congress in 1934, created the sold today, would create a loss of ap­ Third, the warehousing could begin Federal Home Bank System and the proximately $60 billion. A discount with the lowest segment of the under­ Federal Hor.sing Administration. from market value on this $300 billion water portfolio on a selective basis, The Congress provided that all Fed­ portfolio would mean a loss of $120 thereby furnishing the most seriously eral thrift institutions invest a mini­ billion. affected thrifts with sufficient new mum of 80 percent of their loanable This loss exists at current rates and funds to be invested at market rates. funds in long-term-usually 30 years­ must be absorbed no matter who ab­ In addition, a helpful measure would fully amortized, fixed-rate mortgages. sorbs it. A drop in current interest be to allow the thrift institutions to In order to create affordable financing rates, of course, would reduce materi­ charge off the losses incurred through through this vehicle, the Federal ally the size of the loss, and this is the sale of the low yield segments of thrift institutions were completely probably the most immediate way to their portfolio, at market rates over a exempt from Federal taxation. They avoid a serious financial crisis; in period of 40 years rather than that were created as nonprofit, mutual in­ short, the destruction of the Federal now allowed of 10 years. By way of ex­ stitutions which the industry remains thrift industry, which has served the ample, a $100 million portfolio averag­ today predominantly. Congress also Nation so well. ing 9 percent would probably be sold created the Federal Housing Adminis­ Some have suggested that the at a 40 percent discount. The resulting tration and a mutual mortgage insur­ FSLIC, which perhaps has resources $40 million loss would be charged off ance fund under which the borrower of $7 billion or the FDIC, which has the rate of $1 million over 40 years. paid an insurance premium to the resources of approximately twice that The $60 million remaining from the fund and, in return, the mortgage amount, might somehow absorb this sale could be invested, say, at 17 per­ paper was insured to the lender. Here loss. It is obvious that these resources cent which would return 10.2 million again, Government assistance was pro­ are puny in terms of a $60 billion po­ for a break-even position. If fees aver­ vided and it was required that the tential loss or, perhaps, even a $120 aged 2 percent annually on the 60 mil­ mortgages be uniform on a national billion potential loss. lion reinvested, the yield will be 1.2 basis and be long-term, fully amor­ It has also been suggested that the million, so that the $100 million un­ tized, fixed-rate mortgages. commercial banks would absorb this derwater portfolio thus converted, These two measures for the en­ loss and somehow are ready, able and would actually return a profit. This is hancement and protection of the waiting to take over this $300 billion accounting magic, but it might be family through homeownership have underwater portfolio. It is unrealistic called for in this case. Certainly the succeeded admirably, bringing the to think that the banks would do this Government often deals in accounting United States to the highest percent­ or could do this. Certainly after an magic when it has good reason to so age of homeownership of any industri­ do. This is such a case. al nation. analysis, the banks enthusiasm would The Congress, however, because of die just as it did when some commer­ This will be called a bailout, but in its desperate need for additional tax cial banks became enthusiastic about this case, the Congress itself made the sources in the 1960's, began to remove taking over the ailing mutual savings rules which resulted in the difficulty, the tax exemption of Federal thrift in­ banks in New York State, some time namely the mandated, lend long and stitutions until, at the present time, back. Considering the size of the loss, borrow short-the requirement of a these nonprofit thrifts are taxed at an the Federal Government itself is the minimum of 80 percent of loanable average rate of 30 percent against an only body capable of assisting the funds in long-term, fixed-rate home average of 15 percent tax on commer­ thrift industry, that is, the American mortgages. cial banks. In addition, the Govern­ family in homeownership, and this can It is only fair and equitable, under ment has gradually removed the ceil­ be done through a warehousing device these circumstances, that the Con­ ings which gave, first, a one-half of 1 over a period, of say, 10 years. The gress and the administration assist the percent and, later, a one-quarter of 1- annual cost might be something in the thrift industry in its current difficulty. percent rate advantage to the thrift range of $4 billion per year. The thrift industry is not a profit­ institutions as a means of channeling This is certainly feasible in terms of making industry. It is predominantly funds through these institutions for the total budget, and especially so be­ mutual. It was created and is predomi­ affordable homeownership. cause the alternatives are unaccept­ nantly a mutual, nonprofit industry Despite these actions, namely the able, both from a political and eco­ which should not and cannot be sub­ withdrawal of the tax exemption and nomic standpoint. The oncoming gen­ ject to the vagaries of the market if it the removal of the rate ceilings, the eration will not and should not be is to carry out its mission to which this thrift industry absorbed these adversi­ denied affordable homeownership. administration and this Congress are ties and continued to remain viable in The mortgages in the underwater dedicated, namely the protection and spite of this lack of support. Inflation, portfolio are all amortizing and run­ enhancement of the family through however, brought on by continuous ning off at a respectable rate, which affordable homeownership. Federal deficits and the oil crisis, tends to reduce the loss and the size of It should be viewed for exactly what forced money costs so high that the the problem. it is; a Federal chosen instrument with yield on the portfolio of long-term, If a combination of three elements a special mission of providing afford­ fixed-rate, fully amortized home mort­ occur, the assistance could be man­ able homeownership. Certainly a Gov­ gages fell far below the high money aged. ernment that subsidizes agriculture, costs. The interest margin narrowed First, a reduction in interest rates including tobacco and many other in­ and then disappeared, forcing the in­ which must occur for the simple dustries and beneficial activities, dustry into ever increasing operation reason that, economically and politi­ should assist in affordable homeown­ deficits. These deficits are now eating cally, the country cannot afford them ership. away the reserves of these institutions and will not tolerate a continuation of If this is not done and the thrift in­ which are rapidly being exhausted. current rates. They should and must dustry is destroyed, the Congress will While the focus has been on the Fed­ come down. If the present Govern­ very soon find it politically desirable eral thrift institutions, this situation ment does not bring them down to erect another structure and system affects many banks, some critically, promptly, they will be brought down to provide affordable homeownership and the seriousness will increase. at the polls. as a means of enhancing and protect­ At current rates, a minimum of $300 Second, the FSLIC does have the re­ ing the American family. To that end, billion in the national thrift portfolio sources to feed periodic infusions of it has already enacted a crash pro­ is seriously below market. Assuming a capital into Federal thrift associations gram, the hastily built, so-called All 20-percent discount, this portfolio, if nearing the zero net worth point. Savers' Act. This is also a tax subsidy, August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18927 but the original tax exemption for Since the amendment will permit Con­ SAVING BABIES WITH A SIGNATURE Federal thrift institutions was a much gress to continue passing unbalanced budg­ infant a review of the evidence. to carry out the code in Third-World coun­ health services and appropriate foods com­ CHicAGO, July 27.-The Democratic Na­ tries that haven't implemented it yet. Nestle plementary to breastmilk. tional Committee announced plans today has also provided an "investigation form" to One international health and nutritional for a $1.5 million to $2 million television ad­ countries where it does business, so govern­ authority who favors the WHO/UNICEF vertising campaign this fall and said half ments can keep track of any code violations. code, Dr. Nevin Scrimshaw, has warned that the money had already been raised with This all may sound neo-colonial or at best the problem of infant feeding in the Third union help. patronizing, until one realizes that even now World will not be solved by the code. He and The advertisements will stress the cam­ a year after the overwhelming and emotion­ Massachusetts Institute of Technology col­ paign theme that Republican programs are al "yes" vote by 118 countries on the infant­ league Dr. Barbara Underwood have point­ unfair. One commercial, previewed here formula code, only 6% have actually adopt­ ed out that "most developing country in­ today, shows Republican tax cuts filling ed any version of it. Some 25% are said to be fants are breast-fed during the first critical champagne glasses but trickling only a few in the process of doing so but what kind of months of life. They become malnourished drops into a coffee mug. It closes with the process and with what sincerity remains to later because of inadequate complementary slogan, "It isn't fair, it's Republican." be seen. It is hard to tell whether this inac­ feeding practices." Even though Republicans expect to spend tion stems from the developing countries' The resolution of this problem is hard plodding work. about $12 million on institutional television habit of failing to put rhetoric into practice advertising this year, the Democrats' an­ or whether the code's emphasis on national It's the sort of work that won't get anyone on the front pages or on the evening news nouncement marks a significant step in legislation and governmental control wor­ their political recovery from 1980. Until ries already-over-burdened national bu­ or on talk shows. The breast-feeding activ­ ists have received that sort of attention by today, the Democrats had attacked current reaucracies. Republican advertisements only as mislead­ The West European countries all voted for announcing boycotts, by dramatic resigna­ tions from high government positions and ing and had said the Republicans were the code but, as a recent WHO "progress" trying to buy the election. report shows, they are now either drafting by persuading congressmen to introduce res­ olutions on their behalf. This sort of public­ In 1980 Republicans first used national or simply continuing "voluntary agree­ television advertising to attack the Demo­ ments" between industry and governments ity has helped produce an international infant-formula code which has been widely crats generally and to urge "Vote Republi­ or are encouraging industry "self-regula­ can. For a change." Those advertisements tion." In other words, they appear to be perceived and represented as an all-impor­ tant remedy for the tragically high death were widely credited with adding to the doing business pretty much the way they breadth of the Republicans' victory. did before voting for the code. rates of underprivileged babies throughout The U.S. government has created a task the world. EMPHASIS ON IMPORTANT RACES force to investigate the possibility of apply­ We are now getting a clearer idea of what Ann F. Lewis, political director of the ing the code in the United States, even the code is going to do for the world's un­ Democratic National Committee, announced though it voted against it. This may be the dernourished babies. The answer is, not the advertising plan at a meeting of Demo­ result of uninformed, albeit well-meaning, much.e cratic leaders of state legislatures. She said congressional resolutions on the subject, as the political commercials would be shown in well as the continued lobbying efforts of states with gubernatorial races and serious breast-feeding activists here. What it will DEMOCRATS PLAN NEW SET OF battles for control of the legislature. take to satisfy these groups is apparently, as TV ADS Robert Neuman, communications director Nestle is now discovering, more than corpo­ for the national committee, said that "about rate agreement to actively implement the HON. BILL FRENZEL half the money" needed to show the spots code. OF MINNESOTA was either in hand or had been firmly The boycotters of infant formula-led by pledged, "mostly by unions." the consumer group Infant Formula Action IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Neither unions nor corporations are per­ Coalition and joined by the Na­ Monday, August 2, 1982 mitted to contribute directly to campaigns tional Council of Churches and the Ameri­ e Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, on for Federal offices, although their political can Public Health Association-now say July 28, the Task Force on Elections action committees may give limited sums they can't call off the boycott because of raised through voluntary donations. Nestle's "claims" of good faith. They say for the House Administration Commit­ But in most states contributions from they must wait to see if Nestle is "sincere." tee held a hearing on independent ex­ unions and corporations are legal, and each These "claims" include a new Nestle initia­ penditures. party's national committee raises such so­ tive-an independent commission, headed The Democratic National Commit- called soft money for campagins. Last year, by former Senator and former Secretary of tee's spokesman-Ted Sorenson- for example, both parties spent soft money August 2, 1982 EXTEl~SIONS OF REMARKS 18929 on the New Jersey and Virginia guberna­ should seek to become stewards of the lands tional Recreation Area, near President Rea­ tional campaigns. and facilities we own before we acquire gan's West Coast home, where real estate While some states require that such con­ more," Watt said. prices are rising rapidly. Advocates have tributions be reported, there is no Federal But trail advocates have mounted a strong warned that the government may soon be law requiring reporting Mr. Neuman de­ campaign to persuade Congress to ignore priced out of the market. clined to identify the unions that had given the moratorium and complete the popular In Washington State, attention centers on money or the corporations that he said had trail by 1985. Their ranks include all but Olympic National Park where a timber firm given a small amount. three of the 28 senators from the 14 states recently proposed to cut privately owned crossed by the trail, officials of small towns woods near the park's popular Lake Ozette. and townships whose economies get a boost The proposal was rejected, but may resur­ APPALACHIAN TRAIL IN from the footpath's estimated 2 million face in revised form, officials said. TYRINGHAM, MASS. hikers a year and hundreds of trail lovers "Everyone has just one item and it's like 75 year old Ruth Blackburn, who has always just a negligible amount in their HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE fought for the footpath for so long that she eyes," said a House Appropriations Commit­ jokes of being "married to the Appalachian tee staffer who has reviewed many of the OF MASSACHUSETTS Trail." requests. "Negligible in terms of the whole IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These trail boosters warn that landowners budget, negligible in terms of the MX Mis­ along the footpath are likely to sell proper­ Monday, August 2, 1982 sile system. But it's a lot of money in com­ ty to developers unless the government parison to someone's Social Security check." • Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, last speeds purchase plans. If second-home de­ Despite the proposed moratorium, Con­ weekend, on Saturday, July 24, I had velopments sprout along the trail, as pro­ gress gave about $2.7 million to Interior for the great pleasure of being at the cere­ posed in some areas including West Virgina and southern Virginia, millions of dollars al­ Appalachian Trail purchases last year. This mony opening a section of the Appa­ ready invested to protect the natural corri­ year, Trail advocates are touting the nation­ lachian Trail in southern Berkshire dor will have gone to waste, the advocates al personality of the project in hopes of County, Mass. This was a happy occa­ contend. making it a project again. sion for all of us there that day, all of An Interior Department advisory commis­ Conceived in the early 1900's by forester­ us who have sought to preserve the sion recently came to the same conclusion, philosopher Benton MacKaye as a refuge resolving, "Investments already made will from "the scramble of everyday life," the natural resources along the trail in trail winds past many of the outstanding Massachusetts and along its great be rendered effective without the remaining land acquisitions being completed within sites of the East-the Great Smokies of length from Maine to Georgia. the next several years." North Carolina and Tennessee, the Shenan­ I have always been one who loves The trail has been overshadowed by more­ doahs of Virginia, the Berkshires of Massa­ the outdoors, the openness and the celebrated budget battles such as Social Se­ chusetts, the Green Mountains of Vermont, freedom of the wilderness. There are curity and defense spending. But its sup­ the Katahdin of Maine-and is within driv­ countless days that I have spent on porters insist their cause is just as impor­ ing distance of half the population of the the trail never failing to notice the tant to the nation's future, if in a quieter United States and Canada. gifts that we have been blessed with. way. On a recent visit, the 75-year old Black­ "What's at stake here is our quality of bum strode briskly into the woods outside Mr. Speaker, this Monday, the life," said Blackburn, who chairs the 14,000- Paris, ushering a newcomer through the Washington Post ran an article on the member Appalachian Trail Conference, a shady realm of pine and ~naples, mountain Trail, and, more specifically, a 14-mile private group that maintains the trail laurel and black-eyed Susans, bees and song­ stretch of it in the Washington area through volunteer labor. birds, until she arrived at a waterfall. not yet finished. Here, hikers have to "We're increasingly losing the ability to There, cool waters rushed over rocky cliffs leave the trail and walk 14 miles on a get away from the pressures of urban life in and trickled down layers of stone. Sunlight commuter highway. Even more dis­ this country, especially on the East Coast. filtered through a canopy of maple trees, re­ tressing is the fact that it may never We need a place to be quiet, to appreciate flecting on the water, spotlighting a nearby the wildlife." day lily. be completed, and I want to share Watt does not disagree, but has strongly "There!" she exclaimed. "You can't find with my colleagues this article. Mr. opposed spending money to expand the 72- that on a highway.''e Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that million-acre national park system until its the article be considered as read and internal needs are addressed. Citing dilapi­ printed at this point in the RECORD. dated roads, sewers and visitor facilities, he H.R. 6542 STRIKES REASONABLE FOR WANT OF 14 MILES, APPALACHIAN TRAIL asked Congress to increase funding in 1983 BALANCE MAYBE LoST for park maintenance, while cutting the land acquisition program to $60 million, enough to cover backlogged condemnation HON. MIWCENT FENWICK PARIS, VA.-A swath of woods that lies cases and certain pockets of private proper­ OF NEW JERSEY beyond the steam and concrete of Washing­ ty within existing parks. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton and past the shopping centers and park­ The trail's supporters insist, however, that ing lots of suburban Virginia is at the heart their cause and Watt's are not mutually ex­ Monday, August 2, 1982 of a little-noticed but intense battle over the clusive. They portray their request as negli­ Reagan budget. e Mrs. FENWICK. Mr. Speaker, I am gible in the context of the full federal among the 139 House members who This is one of the last unfinished portions budget. of the Appalachian TraiL the world's long­ It would cost $500,000 to complete the 14- endorsed House Resolution 427, which est continuous wood footpath, stretching mile northern Virginia strip, less than half expresses the basic principle that our from Georgia to Maine. Here, at a piney of what has been spent there already, ac­ wilderness areas should be protected patch known as Ashby Gap, hikers are cording to the National Park Service. Fin­ from development. H.R. 6542, favor­ forced to leave the shade and trees of the ishing the full trail would cost about $28 ably reported by the Committee on In­ trail and walk 14 miles on the hot pavement million, officials said, bringing the total cost terior and Insular Affairs, strikes the of a commuter highway. to $66 million, or $24 million less than Con­ reasonable balance called for in House The Federal Government has spent $1 gress authorized in 1978. million buying a wooded route along the But it is not that simple. Resolution 427, permitting nonde­ highway, but no hikers can walk it, at least Park advocates in other regions have structive testing for mineral potential not until five connecting lots are purchased. flagged their pet parks and recreation areas and protection for designated wilder­ Those areas, like hundreds of others border­ threatened by encroaching development, ness areas. ing national parks around the country, are and are urging Congress to appropriate The current moratorium on leasing caught in Interior Secretary James C. funds for them, too. For example, poachers in designated wilderness areas will Watt's proposed moratorium on park expan­ are reportedly shooting deer, bear and other expire at the end of this Congress, sion. wildlife in the Great Smoky Mountains Na­ leaving a full year during which the Citing a need to curb Federal spending, tional Park from an area that is within the Watt has asked Congress for the second park's authorized boundary but not yet pur­ Secretary of the Interior might grant year in a row to appropriate no money for chased. mineral leases in wilderness areas. On new park purchases, including the reinain­ In southern California, the focus is on the December 31, 1983, the wilderness ing parcels along the 2,100 mile trail. "We unfinished Santa Monica Mountains Na- system will be closed to new leasing 18930 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 under a proVISIOn of the Wilderness be useful to help people save for edu­ if you invest in their IRA flexible annuity, Act of 1964. H.R. 6542 would prevent cation provisions supplement their social security and added to the tax law last summer, which • Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, later company pension plans. allow every wage earner to salt away $2,000 this week we will vote on the Zablocki­ Once the Federal deficit situation each year without having to pay income tax Bingham arms control resolution, improves and we reach an approxi­ on it until retirement. House Joint Resolution 521, which en­ mate balanced budget situation, I be­ Banks, savings and loans, mutual funds dorses both the nuclear freeze and and life insurance companies are now vying lieve we should give priority consider­ for the happy business of putting you on SALT II ratification. This resolution, ation to improving the IRA program, easy street in your golden years. The other in some form, will certainly pass. The through adjustments for inflation and day this paper carried a typical advertise­ question is whether it will pass in its improving the spousal contribution ment-this one by New York Life Insurance present meaningly form, or whether it level. An IRA-type program may also and Annuity Corporation-promising that, will be stripped of all specifics and August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18931 converted by the Broomfield substi­ cannot substitute for either of these far­ POLICE KILLED PASTOR, SAYS tute into a statement that "arms con­ reaching plans, in that it deals only with TRIBAL COURT trol is good as long as it remains in the numbers of ballistic missiles and warheads. distant future." MILITARY SECURITY UNDER THE ZABLOCKI I say this to my colleagues: If you RESOLUTION HON. DON EDWARDS vote for the Broomfield substitute. The Zablocki resolution calls for prompt you will be voting to augment the mili­ approval of SALT II, and immediate negoti­ OF CALIFORNIA ation of a nuclear freeze at present levels. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary capability of the Soviet Union. The Soviets have unofficially endorsed the The gentleman from Iowa. Mr. LEACH, freeze and, while we need to exercise utmost Monday, August 2, 1982 and I discussed this in a letter we sent care against duplicity at the negotiating a few days ago. To insure that every­ table, there is reason to believe a freeze e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. one has a chance to see the military could be concluded expeditiously. Speaker, on February 8, 1982, I sub­ opportunities for the Soviet Union em­ If this is done, there will be at least two mitted an article from the Washington bodied in the Broomfield substitute, I consequences of major military significance: Post, dated February 3, 1982, to call insert our letter in the RECORD at this I. Because the Soviets will be unable to attention to the violation of human test their missiles, confidence in their reli­ point. ability will decline. Since a countersilo first rights in the South African tribal CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, strike cannot work with even moderately homeland of Venda. The specific inci­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, unreliable missiles, Soviet counter-ICBM dent concerned the detention and Washington, D.C. first strike ability will decline while in the South Mrican tribal homeland of 7. Improve depressed-trajectory subma­ minor reductions or no reductions are made Venda, officially regarded here as an inde­ rine-launched ballistic missiles to the point in our strongest areas . In security policemen had beaten a Lutheran bases before any of our bombers-B-52, FB- time, the Soviets will probably mirror this preacher to death while interrogating him. 111, B-1B, Stealth, cruise missile carrier, with an equally one-sided proposal of their whatever-can take off. own, and the haggling will go on indefinite­ The preacher, Tshifhiwa Muofhe, died 8. Increase the throwweight of their ss- ly. This would not be bad if we were hag­ last Nov. 12 when security pollee in the 17, SS-18, and SS-19 ICBM'S to any degree gling over additions to existing strategic homeland made extensive arrests following their technology permits. arms controls, but under the Broomfield an attack by Mrican National Congress in­ 9. Increase the explosive force of their SS- crippling substitute the negotiations will be surgents on a pollee station in the main 17, 88-18, and 88-19 ICBM's to any degree against a background of no formal arms town of Sibasa, killing a policeman. their technology permits. control. As a result, Detained with Muofhe were three other 10. Increase the accuracy of their 88-17, <1> Our ICBMs will become progressively pastors of the Lutheran Church and their 88-18, and SS-19 ICBM's to any degree more vulnerable, regardless of how hard we dean, Simon Farisani. their technology permits. pretend to have found a new survivable Muofhe was found dead in his cell the day 11. Increase the reliability of their SS-17, basing mode. after his detention. Farisani was seen in a 88-18, and SS-19 ICBM's to any degree <2> Our bombers will become progressively hospital a few weeks later, badly bruised their technology permits. more vulnerable to pre-launch attrition, and in chains. The families of the other pas­ 12. Replace all of their present ICBM's even if we buy the B-1B. tors said they were tortured. with any number of new, more advanced "FATAL FLAWS" LIE IN ARMS DECONTROL The U.S. National Committee of the Lu­ types. We have listed fourteen fatal flaws in the 13. Replace all of their present submarine­ theran World Federation issued a strongly Broomfield crippling substitute, and two worded protest at the time through its gen­ launched missiles with any number of new, very serious military consequences. more advanced types. eral secretary, Paul A. Wee, and Amnesty We know there are those who have, glibly International began an investigation. 14. Replace all of their present manned and without specifics, described our position bombers with any number of new, more ad­ as "fatally flawed." Ask them to document The Venda authorities rejected these pro­ vanced types. exactly how it is fatally flawed-not in com­ tests and denied the allegations of assault All of these will be permitted under the parison to some ideal dream world in which and torture. Two clergymen who helped Broom.tield crippling substitute, even as­ the Russians disarm, but in comparison to Muofhe's widow were deported. The Luther­ suming START is accepted and ratified ex­ what will actually happen in the next half an bishop for the area, Solomon Serote, was actly as President Reagan has proposed. decade if we do not have SALT II and the refused entry to the homeland to conduct All of these will be prohibited under the freeze. Muofhe's funeral. terms of the real freeze, SALT II, or both. Then decide which position you wish to be The security police continued to hold the We don't say this in criticism of START, associated with. pastors and their dean for months without which we support. If successfully negotiat­ Sincerely, charges. Eventually two were charged with ed, it would be a constructive and useful ad­ JIM LEAcH. murdering the policeman, but both were ac­ dition to SALT II and/or the freeze. But it THOMAS J. DOWNEY.e quitted June 1 after a brief trial.

89-059 0-86-16 (pt. 14) 18932 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 Now, after a delay of more than seven WHO DICTATES THAT "DICTATORS" SHALL BE "Nuclear threat": This phase is initially months, an inquest into Muofhe's death has "LEADERS"? puzzling since nuclei pose no threat. I decid­ been held. Magistrate Stanley Stainer found ; MUter­ tion, while the 4.5 million whites remain in the computer. Leonid Brezhnev is almost rand's possible drift "into Washington's political control of the other 87 percent of always called "the Soviet leader." Ferdinand orbit," Western nuclear systetns and so on. South Africa. Marcos, on the other hand, may be "strong­ Its own enslaved population seetns not to be African nationalists are strongly opposed man" or "dictator" but rarely "leader.'' The among the fears, however. to the homelands policy, which they see as a phrase "Brezhnev, the Soviet dictator" means of continuing black oppression. They cannot be found in the Nexis system. Reagan-Bellicose: The computer will duti­ denounce Africans who participate in the Here are some heads of state recently la­ fully print out all stories in which these two system as quislings. beled "leaders" by the news outlets in the words occur computer's system: Enver Hoxha of Albania, within say 10 words of one another. In this Venda was granted nominal independence instance the printout saddled me with a in 1978 under the presidency of a semiliter­ Kim ll Sung of North Korea, Erich Hon­ ecker of East Germany, Maurice Bishop of hard day's reading, going through world­ ate clan chieftain, Patrick Mphephu. The wide complaints about presidential bellicosi­ homeland covers 2,300 square miles, about Grenada, Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, and Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski of Poland. ty ranging from a shrill gentleman named the size of Delaware, and is tucked away in Nodong Sinmun from North Korea, who the northeast comer of South Africa, near "Strongmen" include: Mobutu of Zaire, Chun Doo Hwan of South Korea, Mubarak identifies the President as "belicose element the borders of Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Reagan," to Mary McGrory in the Washing­ Both those black-ruled countries support of Egypt, Qadhafi of Libya, and these days, Khomeini of Iran. ton Post. the outlawed African National Congress, Brezhnev-Bellicose: This is another myth­ the main black nationalist movement in "Dictators" are mostly dead or deposed and include: Somoza, Franco, Idi Amin, Em­ ical beast. Despite Poland, Afghanistan and South Africa, which is trying to overthrow peror Bokassa, and, yes, Ferdinand Marcos, yellow rain, he can't be found anywhere in white rule by guerrilla action. This means Stalin is now seen as a dictator, while Keith the Nexis system. We wouldn't want to be Venda is vulnerably situated, which ac­ Grant in Business Week defied Journalistic guilty of "cold war rhetoric," would we?e counts for the jumpiness of its tribal au­ etiquette by calling Raul Castro "the CUban dictator's brother.'' Otherwise, current THE HELSINKI FINAL ACT'S SEV­ Communist "dictators" are about as easy to ENTH ANNIVERSARY: A DEFI­ The IMPORTANCE OF LABELS find as unicorns in the woods. ANT TOAST "Cold War rhetoric"; The Soviet media use this phrase to criticize the U.S., and the HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL U.S. news media use it to criticize ... the HON. SIDNEY R. YATES OF ILLINOIS U.S. I have not found a case where it is used OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to criticize the Soviets. Given the perma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nent, high-decibel level of indignation main­ Monday, August 2, 1982 tained by the government-controlled Soviet Monday, August 2, 1982 media, this is surely an oversight. • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, have "Provocative": This Tass-word is deployed • Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, on you ever wondered why media reports with a comparable asymmetry. If someone August 1, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland, never refer to Leonid Brezhnev as a tells you to stop "provoking" him, he is tac­ the leaders of 33 nations of Western dict ator? Author and scholar Tom itly threatening you-warning you that he and Eastern Europe, Canada, and the Bethell asked himself that question might lash out next time. The Soviets con­ United States signed accords designed and, with the aid of a computer, came stantly deliver this veiled threat over their to guide their states toward greater se­ up with some interesting answers. air waves: The U.S. is saying or doing "pro­ curity and cooperation. Yet today, vocative" things. In response, one finds the At this point I wish to insert in the U.S. news media warning our own leader­ there is a deep feeling of unease RECORD, "Who Dictates That 'Dicta­ ship against "provoking" the Soviets. I can't amongst these countries and East­ tors' Shall Be 'Leaders'?" from the find a case where the Soviets were described West relations have been strained to Wall Street Journal, July 27, 1982. as acting "provocatively.'' the breaking point. That the Helsinki August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18933 accords have not been translated into cannot. They press on. We can do no These four principles were highlighted by practice by their Eastern signatories less. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.e the President in his speech of November 18, goes far to explain this sad state of af­ 1981. They are the foundation for the U.S. fairs. position in the current Geneva negotiations STATE DEPARTMENT VIEWS between the United States and the U.S.S.R. The truth at the very core of the THE NUC::.:EAR FREEZE on intermediate-range nuclear forces . Helsinki Final Act is that peace and They also form the basis for our approach security can only exist in an atmos­ to strategic arms negotiations with the phere where human rights flourish. HON. ~.S.BROO~ELD Soviet Union, negotiations we will call The Soviet Union unremittingly has OF MICHIGAN START-strategic Arms Reduction Talks. denied fundamental freedoms to its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WHAT ARE THE DRAWBACKS OF A FREEZE own peoples and has engaged in ef­ Monday, August 2, 1982 PROPOSAL? forts to deny human liberties to its While the Administration shares the gen­ neighbors. At present, 50 out of a total e Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, uine and deeply felt convictions that have of 76 Helsinki monitors in the U.S.S.R. as the House prepares to debate House given rise to the freeze proposal, we believe are imprisoned, in labor camp or in in­ Joint Resolution 521 calling for a nu­ the proposal does not constitute sound de­ ternal exile. The Helsinki-inspired clear weapons freeze, I would like to fense or effective arms control policy, and Charter '77 movement in Czechoslova­ call the attention of my colleagues to thus we cannot support the freeze itself. A kia remains under heavy repression. In the following assessment of nuclear freeze would be dangerous to security, sta­ Afghanistan, assaults on human rights freeze proposals published by the bility, and the cause of peace for the follow­ are launched from tanks and planes. State Department in April 1982. ing reasons: In Poland, the Soviet Union and the It provides a thoughtful analysis of A freeze at existing levels would lock the martial law regime remorselesqly try the problems inherent in implement­ United States and our allies into a position ing such a freeze and summarizes the of military disadvantage and vulnerability. to suffocate the entii·e nation's aspira­ The freeze would prevent us from correct­ tions for freedom. The grip of repres­ administration's four-point arms con­ ing existing dangerous deficiencies in our sion has not relaxed in Romania, Bul­ trol program, the cornerstone of nuclear forces caused by the sustained garia, or East Germany. The general which is an actual reduction in the ar­ Soviet buildup. The substantial improve­ hardening of human rights conditions senals of both sides. I commend the ments in the Soviet force of intercontinen­ in the East is felt in Hungary. article to my colleagues. tal ballistic missiles show they will not have enough to service their debt at least through 1985. They have The same bureaucrat claimed that exports HANoi.-Vietnamese Foreign Minister were up 40% for the whole country during Nguyen Co Thach complained not long ago absolutely nothing to buy spare parts with or purchase new machinery. How can things the first six months of 1982 and up a whop­ that his country is so poor he cannot afford ping 150% for the Ho Chi Minh City area. a suit of his own to wear for important func­ improve?" The same diplomat pointed out that agri­ Western analyst doubt the accuracy of tions. those figures. "I am the only foreign minister in the culture, the backbone of the Vietnamese economy, is also hamstrung by the money The economic mess has apparently world who has to borrow a suit from his slowed. and possibly reversed, the move government," the silver-haired Thach con­ crisis. "Every square meter of the Red River Delta is al­ toward collectivization that followed the fided to a European journalist. Communist north's conquest of the south in Whether or not Thach's wardrobe really ready under cultivation,'' he explained. "The experts say there is little more that 1975. Officials now talk of utilizing all facets consists of government hand-me-downs, of the economy-including some private en­ there was little exaggeration in the point he can be developed here without massive in­ vestments for fertilizer and advanced farm terprise. was illustrating. Vietnam is virtually broke. The incr~ase in agricultural production re­ It is, like the comic-strip symbol of poverty, tools. But they don't have the money Ior that." sulted in part from good weather but also a country dressed in a rain barrel. followed a decision to allow private farmers Inflation has zoomed to triple-digit levels With no family planning program, Viet­ nam desperately needs a way to increase and collectives to sell a portion of their while per-capita income has nose-dived. The crops on the free market--which usually country is so deeply in debt that it cannot crop yields to feed a population growing at the rate of more than 1 million a year. Last brings in better prices. In industry, workers make the interest payments on its foreign are paid a flat wage, but each is now also loans, let alone try to repay the principal. year, the nation reaped a bumper crop of 15 million tons of rice and other grains, and of­ able to earn more, depending on how much Industrial production, hampered by lack he or she produces. of maintenance, spare parts and raw materi­ ficials pronounced their country self-suffi. cient in food. According to the IMF report, Western diplomats see the changes as als, is so inefficient that a showcase bicycle signs of progress. But one cautioned. "noth­ plant toured recently by reporters churns however, a corresponding dip in food im· ports resulted in an actual drop in per­ ing's going to change much without a settle­ out the two-wheelers at a rate of two to ment in Cambodia."e three per worker per year. capita food consumption from 421 pounds in Even a positive sign, such as last year's 1980 to 412 pounds in 1981. As another Western diplomat pointed out, record harvest, was offset by a drop in food LAW OF THE SEA imports, leaving people with less to eat over­ at the end of the better-than-average 1981 all. Asked to characterize the state of the harvest, Vietnam still had no excess food economy, the nicest word most foreign ex­ stocks to save for the inevitable bad harvest HON. JACK FIELDS perts can conjure up is stagnant. that past history indicates will probably occur within the next few years. OF TEXAS "They are bankrupt," a Western diplomat IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES based here said. "They have no money to In public and private, government leaders pay anything." acknowledge the economic quagmire, but Monday, August 2, 1982 their assessments are not as gloomy as those Many of Vietnam's economic woes can be • Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker, Intellec­ laid to its 1979 invasion and current occupa­ from outsiders. One official interviewed tion of Cambodia. It has been extremely here recently admitted to a 30 to 40 percent tual Property Owners, Inc., is a non­ costly to maintain up to 200,000 troops in a inflation rate and a troubling-but unspeci­ profit organization representing the neighboring country, as well as to garrison fied-unemployment rate, mostly in the owners of patents, trademarks, and 250,000 more near the northern border with southern half of the country. The IMF copyrights. This organization recently China, which briefly attacked Vietnam in report pegged inflation at 100 percent last offered testimony to the House Com­ response to the Cambodian invasion. year, while diplomats talk of at least a 30 to 40 percent jobless rate, with a serious un­ mittee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ TRAINING OR TOILING? deremployment problem to boot. eries concerning the mandatory tech­ More expensive, though, has been the loss The signs of economic decay are every­ nology transfer provisions of the Law of aid and trade with China and Western in· where. In Ho Chi Minh City, formerly of the Sea Treaty. Because there are dustrial nations, which, with a few excep- Saigon, thousands of people sleep on the those seeking to overturn the Presi- 18936 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 dent's recent decision not to sign the It is unfortunate, to say the least, that our As a result of India's refusal to adopt full­ treaty, our colleagues should be in­ U.S. negotiators did not consult with affect­ scope safeguards . the portant issue of national interest. For enced in technology transfer matters. Had NNPA requires the Nuclear Regulatory this been done years ago we may not now be Commission to prohibit the licensing of nu­ this reason, I insert this testimony faced with an unacceptable Treaty. As it clear exports to that country. President into the public record. was not done that way organizations like Carter overruled the NRC in connection Intellectual Property Owners, Inc. is a IPO, with expertise in technology transfer with two fuel shipments for the Tarapur re­ nonprofit organization representing the policies, failed the President's action in an­ actors in 1980. Although I led a Senate floor owners of patents, trademarks and copy­ notmcing that the U.S. will not sign this fight to overturn the president's decision, rights. As such IPO represents many of the Treaty. To IPO this action was singularly the fuel shipments were approved by a vote companies which are directly concerned sound and hopefully heralds the dawn of a of 48-46. with threats to our extremely valuable tech­ new era in which our policy in matters af­ The floor fight was conducted against a nologies, especially threats which would fecting vitally important U.S. technology background that included Indian threats to arise through international agreements will be made in consultation with those who remove International Atomic Energy such as the Law of the Sea Treaty. best understand the issues.e Agency safeguards from previous American Elliot Richardson's testimony to this fuel shipments, as well as threats to re­ Committee was that the President's decision process the fuel to extract plutonium-de­ not to sign the Treaty is a grevious loss to NONPROLIFERATION POLICY spite the fact that American consent was le­ U.S. industry, the decision having been gally required. taken for purely ideological reasons incon­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM In seeking to build a more constructive re­ sistent with economic realities. We view OF NEW YORK lationship with India, the Reagan adminis­ that testimony as being derived from Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tration has now reportedly worked out an Richardson's innocence of any appreciable arrangement whereby we will not object to knowledge of the facts. Our member compa­ Monday, August 2, 1982 the French supplying fuel for the Tarapur nies that stand to gain or lose through deep e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I reactors. In return, India wm agree not to seabed mining solidly support the Presi­ should like to draw the attention of carry out the threat to remove safeguards in dent's decision. Although Mr. Richardson Tarapur. spent four years at the taxpayers expense my colleagues to an article appearing negotiating the proposed Treaty, he ignored in the the Washington Post this week­ On the question of reprocessing,. however, the advice of those directly interested in end by the distinguished Senator from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi has told The deep seabed mining. When U.S. industry Ohio, JoHN GLENN. With characteris­ Post that, in her view, India does not re­ saw the text that Mr. Richardson negotiat­ tic understanding of the complex quire U.S. consent to reprocess any spent ed the experienced experts in the area saw fuel at Tarapur. Thus, a possible major. issues surrounding nuclear nonprolif­ point of contention between the U.S. and it for what it actually is-a giveaway of our eration policy, Senator GLENN muses technologies to a UN entity and substantial­ India regarding Tarapur remains. In addi­ ly to anyone else who wants it. No business­ on the recently resolved disagreement tion, our broader objectives of gaining man who came home with such an agree­ between the United States and India. Indian acceptance of full-scope safeguards­ ment would receive his next paycheck. It At issue was the inability of the and the even more fundamental goal of ob­ United States to supply nuclear fuel to taining assurances against additional Indian would appear that Mr. Richardson never nuclear tests-will not be realized under this understood the significance of the technolo­ India's Tarapur reactor under the res­ agreement. While we may have achieved a gy transfer provisions and had no practical tictions of the Nuclear Non-Prolifera­ experience in this area. This is bad enough, gain in U.S.-Indian relations, we must await tion Act . Senator GLENN further developments to see if it is also a but to realize that the United States delega­ wisely concludes that: tion has been led and controlled for so long gain for nuclear nonproliferation. by an inexperienced person is plainly shock­ It is extremely important that our coop­ In any case, it is extremely important that ing. eration in obtaining an alternative supplier our cooperation in obtaining an alternative It is our opinion that the technology for India under the special circumstances supplier for India under the special circum­ transfer provisions in the Treaty are so un­ surrounding Tarapur not be a precedent for stances surrounding Tarapur not be consid­ sound that U.S. companies would not have moving away from the provisions of the ered a precedent for moving us away from mined the seabed under them, and would NNPA in the future. the provisions of the NNPA in the future. generally not license foreign companies op­ Because of the importance of this In particular, there must be no retreat erating under the Treaty. The reason is not issue, I commend the entire article to from the principle of not supplying nuclear diffkult to understand. The Treaty provides my colleagues. materials-fuel, technology and equip­ that all technology of an operation which is The article follows: ment-to those countries refusing to accept used in seabed mining must be made avail­ full-scope safeguards. That principle could able to the "Enterprise" and to any "devel­ [From the Washington Post, Aug. 1, 19821 be strengthened in the present context if oping Sta'l.e" upon request "at fair and rea­ Is THE TARAPUR AGREEMENT ANY GooD? THE the Franco-Indian agreement regarding sonable" terms. However many high tech­ MAN WHO LED THE SENATE FIGHT To WITH­ Tarapur fuel included an understanding nology companies do not want to transfer HOLD NUCLEAR FuEL FROM IlmiA AsSESSES that supplies would cease in the event of a their valuable technology to others; they do THE NEW AGREEMENT nuclear detonation by the Indians, and that not want to license their discoveries to their (By JOHN H. GLENN) full-scope safeguards would be required for competition. Why should U.S. technology, There is no more important challenge in nuclear exports to plants other than Tara­ furthermore, be made available under a the world today then achieving the twin pur. Treaty to developing iron curtain countries? goals of reducing existing nuclear weapons Significantly, American insistence on full­ Developing new technologies is very risky stockpiles while simultaneously preventing scope safeguards has not resulted in a and expensive. For every success there are the spread of nuclear weapons capability to breach of safeguards on fuel previously literally scores of failures. Yet the Law of ever more nations around the world. shipped to India-as so direly predicted by the Sea Treaty would force those who have I was the principal author, along with the proponents of the 1980 Tarapur sale. taken the risks and eventually succeeded to Sen. Charles Percy, of the Nuclear Nonpro­ That should prove to the Reagan adminis­ share the fruits of those efforts through liferation Act of 1978-a law that for the tration that steadfastness of purpose on nu­ mandatory technology transfer schemes. first time required all nations receiving nu­ clear nonproliferation is the sine qua non of Mr. Richardson, I am informed, made the clear exports from the United States to successful policy. interesting statement to the Committee adopt "full-scope" safeguards-that is, to Over the past 18 months, such determina­ that technology transfer is really a moot agree to place all their nuclear facilities tion has been noticeably absent in our deal­ point because the technology is available under international inspection. Passage of ings with other countries that have rejected commercially. This is not accurate. Howev­ the NNPA was inspired in part by India's full-scope safeguards. We looked the other er, if the technology was available commer­ use of American "heavy water" to produce way in South Africa, for example, while cially there is obviously no need for the the plutonium that was used in what India American nuclear brokers arranged ship­ technology transfer provisions of the described as a "peaceful" nuclear explosion ments of non-U.S. nuclear fuel. We allowed Treaty. Unfortunately our U.S. negotiators in 1974. Peaceful or not, the detonation vio­ Brazil to purchase foreign nuclear fuel with­ to the Treaty conference apparently did not lated American understandings about the out imposing the penalties of our agree­ press this point when the text was being legal uses to which our nuclear exports ment. We allowed a computer to be shipped formed. could be put. to Argentina for use in a heavy-water plant. August 2, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18937 We are also sending $3.2 billion in military POLITICAL-MILITARY IMPLICATIONS OF SOVIET is the responsibiltiy of a relatively large and economic assistance to Pakistan with­ NAVAL EXPANSION number of high­ out requiring cessation of nuclear weapons . Major em­ tion arrangements ultimately requires the aware of this problem for a long time now. I phasis has been placed on development of cooperation of all nations, particularly nu­ think it is important to stress that the vital amphibious forces, particularly hydrofoils clear suppliers. India and other countries interests of countries of the Alliance are in­ and hovercraft, to a scale unmatched in have argued that no one-especially a dissolubly linked to their maritime interests. western navies. These latter vessels are de­ nation already possessing nuclear arms-can In times of peace, their economics depend signed to support ground forces and am­ interfere with their right to pursue ad­ on commerce carried out on every sea, and phibious operations in theatres of oper­ vanced nuclear technology, and, of course, in times of crisis their collective security de­ ations close to the Soviet Union. This per­ they are technically correct. A "right"? Yes. pends significantly on the security of the manent Soviet naval presence in the seas Common sense? No. sea lanes, both for supplies of oil and raw adjacent to the Soviet mainland heayy air­ OF OKLAHOMA the Soviet fleet and to look for naval facili­ craft carrying guided missile cruisers were ties all over the Third World? commissioned in the second half of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES INCREASE IN POWER AND JIISSIONS OJ' THE 1970s Monday, August 2, 1982 SOVIET P'!.EET and 16 new missile-launching cruisers have The steady increase of Soviet naval power been brought into service over the past e Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. Mr. which has been going on for the last twenty decade, including the 25,000 ton muclear­ Speaker, I would like to bring to the years under the direction of Admiral Gorsh­ powered "Keirov" in 1980. Antisubmarine attention of my colleagues an article kov, Naval Chief of Staff since 1956, has warfare capability has also been consider­ by Joseph M. A. H. Luns, Secretary been remarkable and has brought consider­ ably enhanced with the launching, during able change in the make up and tasks of the the same period, of 67 frigates including 28 General of NATO, on the "Political­ Soviet navy. Its traditional task was to pro­ in the 3,600 ton Krivak class. Heavily-armed Military Implications of Soviet Naval tect the maritime approaches to the new surface vessels include the "Sovre­ Expansion.'' U.S.S.R. and to provide close support for mennal". a 7,800 ton destroyer. In addition, a Dr. Luns' remarks confirm many of ground forces. Now it has three new mis­ number of guided-missile destroyers, belong­ the dangers mentioned in my own arti­ sions: to contribute to potential world-wide ing to the new 8,500 ton Udaloy class, and cle, "Soviet Expansion and Control of offensive and defensive strategies; to con­ fitted with antisubmarine weapons, are the Sea-Lanes," which appeared in the duct naval operations in every ocean; and to under construction along with a 12,500 ton support Soviet policy and promote Soviet in­ missile-launching cruiser, being built in the September 1980, issue of the United terests world-wide. Even though still limit­ Black Sea. States Naval Institute's Proceedings. ed, the Soviet nayy as now constituted, pro­ By and large, Soviet naval architects seem I urge my colleagues to closely ex­ vides the U.S.S.R. with incomparable oppor­ to attach importance first to their ships' amine the Soviet naval threat because tunities for action and influence, particular­ weapons systems, then to propulsion and of its growing impact on our national ly in the Third World, and its power has im­ electronics, with crew accommodation plications for the security of vital Western coming last. This produces a vessel which is security. Dr. Luns' article provides val­ sea lines of communication. uable insight into the nature and superior to Western equivalents in terms of extent of this problem. SMALLER VESSELS AND AJIIPHIBIOUS FORCES fire power and speed but with a smaller The Soviet nayy's traditional mission, range. An important factor in the new class­ The article follows: namely protection of maritime approaches, es of ships which are under construction is 18938 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 that the Soviets are building them signifi­ of her geostrategic situation. The Soviet Syrian SAM's to Lebanon, the Soviets were cantly larger than previously. Larger size aim is to overcome its specific shortages of determined to demonstrate their support means increased fuel and stores capacity as naval air forces and logistics infrastructure for Syria without overly encouraging her. well as a greater weapons spectrum and by coming to arrangements under which As the situation deteriorated and after the more space for sophisticated electronic in­ strategically well-placed countries grant far­ United States had already increased its stallations, thus providing improved endur­ reaching contractural suppport facilities presence in the Eastern Mediterranean, a ance for power projection operations at a and rights of use to Soviet air and naval Soviet naval task group led by a helicopter greater distances from the Soviet Union and forces in return for political and military carrying aviation ship cruised for 2 days in enabling the new ships to conduct large support. The Soviet Union is concentrating May 1981 off the Syrian coast before re­ scale naval operations. these efforts in strategic areas along the turning to its usual anchorage. This move­ ATTACK AND MISSILE-LAUNCHING SUBMARINES most important sea routes. Another major ment and the attendant publicity allowed consequence of this policy has been its con­ the Soviets to send to the other Arab states, Over the past decade, 87 nuclear-powered tribution to the emergence and growth of attack and missile-launching submarines Israel, and the Western nations a clear Soviet influence in Third World countries. signal of support for Syria. have been added to the Soviet fleet. An Clearly, the Kremlin has decided to use its equivalent number of older diesel-powered navy in peace-time as a leading instrument SOVIET-SYRIAN NAVAL MANEUVERS submarines have been placed in reserve in support of Soviet foreign policy goals. The next Soviet move in the Middle East while 14 new ones were added. This has ef­ Four recent examples can be given of the came after the June 1981 Israeli raid on the fectively modernized the submarine fleet Soviet use of their naval forces for political Iraqi nuclear facility. The Soviets conducted and enhanced its capacity. The moderniza­ purposes: Angola in 1975, Vietnam in 1979, a series of naval exercises including an am­ tion programme includes the current con­ the Lebanon missle crisis in May 1981 and phibious landing on the coast of Syria. The struction of Alfa-class nuclear-powered Soviet-Syrian naval maneuvers in July 1981. exercises InaY have been under consider­ attack submarines with light titanium alloy ation for some time, but Moscow was now hulls which should lead the field in tenns of ANGOLA able to give them a political importance speed and diving depth. It also includes the The Soviets have maintained a West Afri­ much greater than would have originally construction of Oscar class submarines can naval presence since 1968. In 1975 they been expected. The exercise was preceded fitted with 24 cruise missiles which can be decided to increase that presence by adding and followed by visits of Soviet warships to fired over a range of 250 miles from a sub­ a cruiser and two destroyers. Subsequently. Syrian ports. In addition, these naval activi­ merged position. Soviet warships operating from the Guin­ ties may have helped the Soviets get the ean port of Conakry provided security cover NAVAL AIR FORCES Libyans to agree to a Soviet port visit also for Soviet ariDS deliveries to Angola, and as a sign of political support. The arrival in Efforts have also been made to provide conducted patrols off the Angolan coast the navy with a long-range air-strike capa­ Tripoli of two Soviet frigates in July 1981 which assisted MPLA operations ashore. was the first Soviet naval visit to Libya since bility of its own by assigning supersonic, Press reports in February, 1976, for exam­ missile-carrying Backfire bombers to the 1970. ple, stated that Soviet warships were provid­ The U.S.S.R.-Syria exercises which were Soviet Naval Aviation. Introducing the ing naval fire support for those operations. 40,000 ton Kiev class ships capable of carry­ carried out from 5-10 July 1981 represent a During this time, about 15,000 CUbans were significant evolution in the conduct of ing anti-submarine warfare helicopters and deployed to Africa and added another di­ vertical short take-off and landing planes Soviet naval diplomacy since the Middle mension to the problem. East War of 1973. The attendant augmenta­ shows clearly that a defensive naval strate­ In addition to the above ship movements, gy has given way to an offensive one. tion of the Mediterranean Squadron the Soviets deployed TU-95 Bear naval re­ brought the number of Soviet amphibious TROOP CARRIERS, SUPPLY SHIPS AND MINE· connaissance aircraft to Guinea in order to ships in the Mediterranean to their largest LAYERS improve their surveillance capabilities. The number in nearly a decade. The landing was Up until now, the Soviet navy has lacked lack of an offsetting Western naval presence of short duration and indicates that this the means to intervene in distant theatres and the apparent heavy Soviet involvement final phase of the amphibious exercise was of operation. The situation is changing. A both in providing aid mmemoration of duced over time. pate a gradual liberalization in the re­ the anniversary of the Final Act, let us The Soviet naval build-up makes it neces­ gimes of Eastern Europe and the reaffirm our Government's dedication sary for NATO to take positive measures to Soviet Union, the reverse has oc­ to the principles embodied in that doc­ preserve a balance of maritime forces and to curred. Repression of all forms of dis­ ument and our determination to work guarantee the continued security of our toward their full implementation in all vital sea lines of communication and our sent-religious, political, social, and ability to dispatch aid and reinforcements to cultural-has intensified. In the Soviet 35 signatory nations.e Europe. Although the navies of the Alliance Union, 50 of the 76 members of the have still some superiority in numbers of Helsinki Monitoring Groups-those major combatants, the margin is becoming courageous men and women who set SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS too small. Moreover, it is a matter of con­ cern that this margin might dangerously be out to promote their Government's ob­ Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, further reduced in the years ahead. Western servance with the Helsinki agree­ agreed to by the Senate on February public opinion should be made aware of the ment-are imprisoned or in remote Si­ 4, 1977, calls for establishment of a risk involved in this situation and of the po­ berian exile. The Nobel Peace Prize system for a computerized schedule of litical-military steps through which the laureate, Dr. Andrei Sakharov, re­ all meetings and hearings of Senate Soviet Union has emerged as a naval super­ mains isolated in the closed city of committees, subcommittees, joint com­ power. Let us remember the advice given in Gorky where Soviet authoirities ban­ mittees, and committees of conference. the last century by Admiral Alfred Thayer ished him in January 1980. Jewish Mahan about "The influence of sea power This title requires all such committees upon history." In naval affairs more than emigration from the U.S.S.R. has to notify the Office of the Senate any other, he remarked "good foresight is reached its lowest level ever and the Daily Digest-designated by the Rules necessary to be militarily prepared for any desperation of families forcibly divided Committee-of the time, place, and eventuality." The maintenance of our secu­ by an inhumane Soviet policy is best purpose of the meetings, when sched­ rity and our freedom requires us now to exemplified by the rash of hunger uled, and any cancellations or changes start to take the measures needed to re­ strikes recently underway in that in the meetings as they occur. spond with determination to the challenge country. which the Soviet Union is posing at sea.e As an additional procedure along A telling indication of Soviet infidel­ with the computerization of this infor­ ity to its Helsinki commitments is the mation, the Office of the Senate Daily SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF fact that while the Soviet delegation Digest will prepare this information HELSINKI ACCORDS at the CSCE followup meeting in for printing in the Extensions of Re­ Madrid was professing its govern­ marks section of the CONGRESSIONAL HON. DANTE B. FASCELL ment's adherence to the human rights RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of provisions of the Final Act, from No­ OF FLORIDA each week. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vember 1980 to March 1982, at least 248 human rights activists were arrest­ Any changes in committee schedul­ Monday, August 2, 1982 ed, the vast majority for attempting to ing will be indicated by placement of • Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, yester­ exercise religious rights. Since then, at an asterisk to the left of the name of day marked the seventh anniversary least another 76 activists have been the unit conducting such meetings. of an historic event in East-West rela­ imprisoned in that country. Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, tions-the signing of the Final Act of Unfortunately, some of the Warsaw August 3, 1982, may be found in the the Conference on Security and Coop­ Pact nations have sought to emulate Daily Digest of today's RECORD. eration in Europe . On August Soviet human rights abuses. Ir. 1, 1975, in Helsinki, Finland, the heads Czechoslovakia, for instance, seven MEETINGS SCHEDULED of state of the United States, Canada, signers of Charter '77, the human the Soviet Union, and 32 European rights manifesto, have been awaiting AUGUST4 countries-in what was the largest trial for well over a year. And in 9:00a.m. gathering of world leaders since the Poland-where for a brief few months Energy and Natural Resources Congress of Vienna in 1815-commit­ of the Solidarity period, it appeared Business meeting, to resume markup of ted their governments to improved that the Helsinki pledge to "promote S. 1844, to facilitate the development state-to-state relations. and encourage the effective exercise of of interstate coal pipeline distribution The 40,000-word Helsinki Final Act civil, political, economic, social, cultur­ systems by granting the Federal power contains specific provisions for the at­ al, and other rights and freedoms" was of eminent domain to those interstate tainment of this improvement in actually being observed-martial law, pipelines which are determined to be 18940 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2, 1982 in the national interest, and other 3:00 p.m. 9:30a.m. pending calendar business. Judiciary Joint Economic 3110 Dirksen Building Business meeting, to consider pending To hold hearings on the employment/ 9:30a.m. calendar business. unemployment situation for July. Banking, Housing, and Urban Mfairs 2228 Dirksen Building 2128 Rayburn Building Business meeting, to consider proposed 10:00 a.m. legislation to assist the thrift industry AUGUST5 Foreign Relations by providing net worth assistance to 9:00a.m. savings institutions and additional Mrican Mfairs Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on proposed food pro­ flexibility to their Federal regulatory To hold hearings on the nomination of agencies. duction in Mrica. Ronald B. Frankum, of California, to 4221 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building be an Associate Director of the Office Budget Judiciary of Science and Technology Policy. Separation of Powers Subcommittee To continue hearings on the administra­ 235 Russell Building tion's midyear economic review. To resume hearings on the constitution­ 6202 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources al and strategic implications of Senate •Environment and Public Works Business meeting, to consider pending Joint Resolution 212, calling on the Environmental Pollution Subcommittee calendar business. United States to seek deep reductions To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ 3110 Dirksen Building in strategic offensive arms in the pro­ mentation of the Comprehensive Envi­ 9:30a.m. posed START talks (pending on ronmental Response, Compensation, Banking, Housing, and Urban Mfairs Senate Calendar>. and Liability Act of 1980 . the Trade Act of 1974 , Constitution of 2:00p.m. such agreements are in competition the United Nations Industrial Devel­ Energy and Natural Resources with other such products within a de­ opment Organization Missouri, 10:00 a.m. SEPTEMBER 21 each to be a judge of the U.S. Tax Energy and Natural Resources Court. Business meeting, to consider pending 10:30 a.m. 2221 Dirksen Building calendar business. Veterans' Affairs Judiciary 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings to receive American Regulatory Reform Subcommittee Legion legislative recommendations To hold joint hearings with the Commit­ Environment and Public Works for fiscal year 1983. tee on Small Business' Subcommittee Transportation Subcommittee 318 Russell Building on Government Regulation and Paper­ To resume hearings on highway revenue work on the implementation of the and cost allocation issues. CANCELLATIONS Regulatory Flexibility Act , and S. 30, 1982, for the defense establish­ 2170, requiring a Federal agency to 10:00 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources ment. prepare a regulatory flexibility analy­ Room 8-126, Capitol sis whenever the agency publishes a Business meeting, to consider pending general notice of proposed rulemaking calendar business. 3110. Dirksen Building AUGUST 11 or a final rule. 9:30a.m. 2228 Dirksen Building AUGUST25 Select on Indian Affairs Veterans' Affairs To hold hearings on S. 1652, restoring Business meeting, to mark up S. 2378, 10:00 a.m. certain lands in Arizona to the Colora­ proposed veterans' disability compen­ Energy and Natural Resources do River Indian Reservation to be held sation and survivors' benefits amend­ Business meeting, to consider pending in trust by the United States; S. 2418, ments, and proposed legislation clari­ calendar business. permitting the Twenty-nine Palms fying certain United States Code pro­ 3110 Dirksen Building Band of Luisena Mission Indians to visions relating to veterans' employ­ lease certain trust lands for 99 years; ment programs. SEPTEMBER 14 S. 1799 and H.R. 4364, bills providing 412 Russell Building 9:30a.m. for the transfer of certain land in Energy and Natural Resources Pima County, Ariz., to the Pascua AUGUST 13 Energy and Mineral Resources Subcom­ Yaqui Indian Tribe; and the substance 9:00a.m. mittee of H.R. 5916, providing for certain Energy and Natural Resources To resume oversight hearings on Ameri­ Federal lands to be held in trust for Business meeting, to consider pending ca's role in the world coal export the Ramah Band of the Navajo Indian calendar business. market. Tribe. 3110 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building