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AND ITS RESULTS

OR

THIRTY-FIVE YEARS' WORK AMONGST THE TRIBES ON OUR NORTH-WESTERN FRONTIER OF INDIA

BY RICHARD ISAAC BRUCE, O.I.E.

FORMERLY POLITICAL AGENT1 BELUCHISTAN LATE COlll:ll:lSSIONEB AND SUP~l\INTENDENT 1 DERAJAT DIVISION

PUNJAB1 INDIA

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND A MAP

LONG MANS, GREEN, AND CO. 89 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1900

All rights rcscrvccl DEDICATED

BY KIND PERMISSION

AND IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE TO LADY SANDEMAN

BY THE AUTHOR MEMORANDUM

IT was my intention to publish these Memoirs long since, but frequent and serious illnesses after I retired from the Service prevented my completing them earlier. The delay may not, however, I hope, weaken my cause, as the questio't). of the best means of remedying the defects in our relations with the border tribes is one that is ever present with us. It nay slumber for a time, but will inevitably crop up again, and even now tokens are not wanting to show that the time may not be far distant when the problem of the merits or demerits of the Forward Policy will be again prominently to the front. RICHARD I. BRUCE. CONTENTS

PAIJR INTRODUCTORY , 1

CHAPTER I

CONDITION OF FRONTIER AND TRmES1 1862 TO 1868 Sailed for India. and joined my brother, Rev. Robert Bruce, at Dera. • Ismail Khan-Passed examination and appointed Extra Assistant­ Commissioner in the Punjab -Transfer to frontier district of Dera. Ghazi Khan-Lieutenn.nt (afterwards Sir Robert) Sandeman appointed Deputy-Commissioner, Dera Ghazi Khan-Appointed to charge of Rajanpur-Meeting Sir Henry Green and Sir Robert Napier (after· wards Lord Napier of Magdala) in Bugti Hills-Deplorable condition of Border and Border tribes at that time-Sandeman takes off his coat to the work-His initiation of the Forward Policy and its successful results-Formidable raid by Gholam Hosein Bugti-His defeat and death, with two hu'ndred and fifty-seven of his followers­ Promoted for frontier service, with the sanction of Her Majesty's Secretary of State, to an Assistant Commissionership in the ~~ 6

CHAPTER II

INITIATION· AND- WORKING OF THE POLICY, 1868 TO 1876

Sandeman extends and consolidates his influence over Border tribes­ ColoneL(afterwards Sir Robert) Phayre succeeds Sir Henry Green as Political Superintendent, Upper Sind Frontier-Recommended by Colonel Phayre for appointment of Assistant Political Superintendent, Upper Sind-Serious conflict of opinion between Sir William :Merewether, Commissioner in Sind, on the one hand, and Phayre and Sandeman. on the other-Received thanks of Lord Napier of Magdala for assistance in preparation of frontier Gazetteer-Leave to England on medical certificate-Married, and returned to India­ Reception at Rajanpur-Appointed to officiate as Deputy-Com. missioner of Dera Ghazi Khan-Deputed to take Frontier Chiefs to X THE FORWARD POLICY

PAGE attend Lord Northbrook's Durbar at Multan-On accpunt of break­ down in health appointed to charge of Kulu Subdi~sion of the Kangra district-Sport in Kulu, La.haul, Spiti, and Ka.shmir.Thibet- Curious experiences during a tour in Laha.ul 42

CHAPTER' III

SANDEMAN'S MISSIONS TO KHELAT1 1876 TO 1877 Transfer of charge of political affairs connected with Khelat and Sind Frontiers from Sir William Merewether, Commissioner of Sind, to · Colonel Munro, Commissioner of the Derajat-Sandeman's second Khelat mission-1 am appointed on special duty under Sandeman­ Received telegram ordering me to join him at Jacobabad-Employed on work connected with the mission, and in taking over from the Sind authorities the Khelat and other Frontier political records-Lord Lytton succeeds Lord Northbrook as Viceroy of India-Difficulties of Sandeman's task increased by change of Viceroys at critical juncture -His continued successes, culminating in the famous settlement at Mastang between the Khan of Khelat and Sirda.rs, gained for him Lord Lytton's warm acknowledgments and support-Sandeman obtains his majority-Colonel (afterwards Sir George) Pomeroy Colley, Military Secretary to Lord Lytton, visits Khelat to lay before Major Sandeman draft of a proposed new treaty between the British Gowrnment and the Khan and Sirdars of Khelat-Provisions of treaty agreed to by Khan and Sirdars-Lord Lytton visits Jacobabad -The Khan of Khelat and Sirdars meet the Viceroy at Jacobabad and the new treaty is formally executed-Khan accepts Viceroy's invita­ tion to Delhi Assemblage-Serious illness, which confined me to bed, prevented my being present on these important historic occasions­ Occupation of Quetta peacefully carried out with the consent of the Khan of Khelat and Baluchistan Sirda.rs, by a force of three hundred men of the 4th Sikhs under Captain Scott-Beluchista.n Agency constituted-Appointed first Assistant Agent Governor-General and Political Agent, Quetta.-Major Sandeman takes Khan of Khelat to the Delhi Assemblage-He is appointed a C.S.I. 56

CHAPTER IV

OCCUPATION OF QUETTA, 1811

Major Sandeman summoned by Viceroy to Calcutta--Officiate in charge of mission from December 10, 1876, to February 20, 1877-Accepted by Lord Lytton as having qualified in the Beluchi language-Orga.ni. sation of Quetta Agency-Placed in charge of Bolan Pass and political relations with Ma.rris, Bugtis, and other tribes-Commenced to build my house at Quetta-Planned and laid out the inain streets of the new town of Quetta, also the roads connecting the town with the Fort CONTENTS Xl

PAGE llJld Residency-Hewson and Kunha.rdt, Royal Engineers, employed in the construction of the new Residency-Relations between Govern­ ment and Amir of Kabul become strained-Secret correspondence between Khan of Khelat and Amir of Kabul-State of unrest, cul­ minating in intrigues and offences-Murder of Lieutenant Hewson and wounding of Lieutenant l{unhardt by Ghazis-Gallant action on part of Captain Scott-I take. possession of Quetta ·Fort-Receive 'high commendation' of Government of India, and acknowledgments of Her Majesty's Secretary of State for measures taken-Victoria Cross bestowed on Captain Scott for conspicuous gallantry on the occasion-Marched through Marri country to fetch my wife from Dharmsala and bring her to Quetta-She is the only lady at Quetta for three years-Completed the building of my house, afterwards converted into the Residency-Other Ghazi cases G9

CHAPTER V

AFGHAN WAR 1878 TO 1881

Loyal services rendered to Government throughout crisis by Beluch and Bro.hoe Sirdars-Results of occupation of Quetta eminently satis­ factory--Major Sandeman summoned by Viceroy to Calcutta­ Officiated as Agent Governor-General during his absence, for seven months, from January 1, to July 26, 1878-0ccupation of Vitakri -Mr. Dames, B.C.S., appointed in political charge-Amir of Kabul proclaims a Holy War (Jehad) against the British Government­ Disloyalty of Huramzais and their punishment-Reception by Amir of Russian Mission under General Stolietoff at Kabul-British Mission to Kabul under General Sir Neville Chamberlain despatched-Amir's agents insolently oppose its passage through the Khyber Po.ss- 1\lobiliao.tion of Army in three columns for invasion of Afghanistan ordered by Government-Ultimatum sent to Amir-No reply being vouchsafed, all three columna advance on November 21, 1878- Major-General (now Lord) Roberts's famous victory of the Peiwar Pass-Entrusted with duty of collecting supplies for Army from Do.dur through Bolan Pass to Pishin-Arrival of General (afterwards Sir Michael) Biddulph's column at Quetta-Accompany him in his march to Pishin-Peaceful and friendly reception by inhabitants­ Arriv~f Sir Donald Stewart with main body of Kandahar Field Force-Khojak Pass explored by Major Sandeman, and found un· occupied-General advance of Army to Kandahar, January 1, 1879- Sibi occupied and added to my political charge-Sir Richard Temple, Governor of Dombay, visits Quetta and Bolan Pass-Valuable services rendered to Government by Beluchistan Sirdars-Succeasful negotiations wiLh Pathan tribes-Opposition of Shahjehan, leading chief of Zhob-Exploration of Thai-ChoteaU routes by Geqeral Diddulph and Major Sandeman-Opposed by Shahjehan and Kakar force at Baghao-Shahjehan defeated with heavy loss-Flight and " Xll THE FORWARD POLICY

l'AGE death of Amir Shere Ali Khan-Yakub Khan becomes A.mir of Kabul -Conclusion of treaty of Gundamak, under which Pishin, Sibi, and Kurram are ceded to British Government-Cholera epidemic at Quetta-My wife seized by the disease, but recovers after being twice given over by the doctors-I am attacked by enteric-Ordered home to England-Journey in doolies to Jacobabad, with convoy of sick soldiers from Kandahar-My disappointment on my services having been passed over unrecognised-I appeal to Sir Charles Aitchison­ Am appointed a Companion of the Indian Empire-Investiture at Windsor Castle • 82

CHAPTER VI TRIBAL DISTURBANCES---:QUESTION OF RETENTION OF PISHIN AND SIBI, 1881 TO 1882 Massacre of Cavagnari, staff, and escort at Kabul-Disturbing effect on Kakar·and other tribes near Quetta-Murder of Captain Showers­ Skirmish with Panizais-Sir Robert Sandeman gets a bullet through his helmet-Harnai railway line commenced in September 1879- Tribal arrangements for its protection-Maiwand disaster-Kakars attack Kach post and are repulsed with a loss of seventy. three killed and several wounded-Abandonment of Sibi· Pishin railway works, and withdrawal of troops from Thal·Choteali and Harnai-Raid by band of Marri bad characters on convoy at Kuchali, killing eight European subordinates, and carrying off treasure amounting to Rs. 1,73,500-Punitive expedition under command of Brigadier· General C. M. Macgregor sent to punish Marris and exact retribution -Final settlement devolves on Sir Robert Sandeman, who carries it out successfully- His 'bloodless victories' - Thal.Choteali and Harnai reoccupied by troops-Sir Robert Sandeman obtains one year's leave to England in March 1881-Sir Oliver St. John appointed to officiate for him-My transfer and reinstalment-Sir Robert Sande­ man and I are thrown together in Ireland-Return to India. in October 1881-Colonel Waterfield succeeds Sir Oliver St. John­ Important question as to the retention or evacuation of· Pishin and Sibi-Retention, due to Sir Robert Sandeman's advocacy, finally decided on-Sir Robert and Lady Sandeman arrive in India, November 1882-My wife accompanies them, and I meet them in . Bombay-His gratitude for my preventing withdrawal of troops from Harna.i and Tha,J.Choteali • , 100

CHAPTER VII SETTLEMENT OF MARRIS, BUGTIS, ·AND KAKARS, 1882 TO 1885 Progress made in settlement of tribes-Work very heavy-Sir Robert Sandeman applies to Government to sanction European assistant for me-Marri and Bugti tribes form crux of situationTNecessity for CONTENTS Xlll

PAUB bringing them under complete control-Results of negotiations with Ka.kars-Hostile attitude of Sirdar Shabjehan of Zhob-Resumption of work of construction of Harnai Railway under superintendence of Sir James Browne-Extension of line to Pishin and Chaman sanctioned-Work on Khojak Tunnel commenced-Subsidiary railway line through Bolan Pass-Posts garrisoned by troops sanctioned for protection of railway lines-Principles to be observed and results aimed at in tribal management-More interest in the working of the system desirable on the part of Government-Met Mr. (now Sir Frederick) Fryer at Fort Munro, and disposed of a large number of important tribal cases in consultation with him-Received the thanks of the Government of India. for their satisfactory settlement­ Interesting-exploration of Kakar country-Had distinction of being first Britisher to visit Zearat-Sir Robert Sandeman's delight with the place-· Zea.rat sanatorium established-War breaks out between Marris and Bugtis in 1883-Pea.ce restored after lengthy proceedings -Sir Robert Sa.ndema.n's military escort proved most valuable throughout negotiations, probably preventing necessity for punitive expedition-Gratified by receiving acknowledgments of Her Majesty's Secretary of State and of the Government of India-Received the wel· come news of the appointment by the Government of India of Captain Gaisford as my assistant-He proves most useful and energetic­ Murders and other offences perpetrated by Zhobis at the instigation of Shahjehan-Establishment of military station at Duki-.:..Raid by Marris on Utmankbels of Loralai-Pursuit and capture of raiders by Captain Gaisford and myself-Settlement of case-Received thanks of Government of India.-Workmen employed on Government works at Duki murdered by Zhob Kakars-Government of India sanctions punitive expedition to punish them-Arrangements for transport and supplies for Colonel (now Sir Joseph West) Ridgeway's Russo·Afghan l!'rontier Delimitation Commission-Received thanks of Government of India for same-Successful arrangements for passage of Commission through Nushki desert to Seistan made by Mr. H. S. Barnes-Zhob expedition, under command of General Sir Oriel Tanner, marches from Quetta, September 19-Submission of Kakar chiefs of Bori and other tracts outside of Zhob-Force enters Zhob-Shabjehan's flight-His fort with others blown up-Capture by our tribal levies of three hundred camels and two thousand five hundred sheep and goats­ Submission and settlement with Zhobis thereby facilitated-Fight at DowlaGai-Defeat of enemy and death of the two leaders, Maliks Hamza and Ghaus Mahomed-Blowing up of Malik Bisharat's fort and capture of recalcitrant Maliks-Final and complete submission of Zhobis-They pay a fine of Rs. 22,000 and furnish approved hostages for future good behaviour-The Bori Valley, at request of tribal leaders, to be occupied by troops-Proved by practical ex. perience in Zhob and other Pathan tracts that there is no essential difference between Pathans and Beluchis, as regards their manage. ment-Complete success of expedition both from political and military XIV· THE FORWARD P01ICY

PAGE point of view-Services brought to special notice of Government of India, in most complimentary terms, by Sir Robert Sa.ndeman­ Services of Captain Gaisford and Hak Nawaz Khan also favourably noticed-General disappointment at Frontier medal not being granted for Zhob expedition, and probable reasons for its being withheld­ Reasons why more opposition was not encountered-Valuable work done by tribal chiefs and levies, as testified to by officers commanding corps, Barnes, Heyland, and Carr-Defects in present system brought to notice-Military authorities should· afiord more active support in its working-Valuable results secured by employment of Kakar hostages and their adherents as levies-Irregularity of Sir Robert Sandeman's procedure in the matter justified-Sir Robert Sandeman takes three months' leave to England-Appointed to officiate all Agent Governor-General during his absence-His future programme­ Shabjehan comes in and surrenders himself to me in December 1884 -Detained him under surveillance pending Sir Robert Sandeman's return from leave-He pronounces it as' a highly satisfactory con­ clusion to proceedings,' for which I receive the ~ommendation of the Government of India, as do also Captain Gaisford and Hak Nawaz Khan-Title of Khan Babadour bestowed by Government of India on IIa.k NawaZ' Khan for valuable services rendered • 120

CHAPTER VIII

VISITS OF LORD BOSEBERY AND DUKE OF CONNAUGHT1 1885 TO 1887 Deadlock with Russia over their attitude on the Russo-Afghan Frontier Delimitation Commission-Attack by Russian troops on Afghan troops at Panjdeh-Government orders the collection of supplies for an Army Corps at Quetta and Pishin-Sir Robert Sandeman undertakes arrangements for carriage of supplies-Deputes me to carry them out -Russia adopts a. more conciliatory attitude, and delimitation work proceeds more smoothly-Supply arrangements for Army Corps consequently wound up-Received hom Governor-General in Council acknowledgments for work connected therewith-Government sanc­ tion three months' leave to take my wife and family to England-Sir Robert Sandeman intimates his intention of taking nineteen monihs' furlough, and strongly recommends to Government that I should be appointed to officiate as Agent Governor-General during his absence ·-On these grounds, and in view of contemplated visit of Commander­ in-Chief (Lord Roberts) to my Agency, m·ges strongly that I should postpone taking leave-I accept his advice, and get my leave cancelled through the Foreign Secretary-Proceed to Bombay and see my wife and fa.mily embark for England-Sir Robert Sandeman's recom­ mendation not acceded to by the Government of India, and Sir Oliver St. John appointed officiating Agent Governor-General-My great disappointment-Sir Robert Sandeman proceeds on furlough­ Reasons why he believes Government had passed me over for the CONTENTS XV

ho11 appointment-Bod and Loralai occupied by troops, at the solicitation of the people-Earl of Rosebery, accompanied by Mr. Munro Ferguson, makes a tour in Beluchista.n-Deputed to accompany his Lordship over the Hamai line to Sibi-Account of reception at Sibi-His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught (Commander-in-Chief, Bombay) visits Quetta on tour of inspection-I accompany His Royal Highness through my Agency-Account of march to Loralai-His Royal Highness meets the Commander-in-Chief in India-Lord Roberts ai Harnai-The Duchess of Connaught opens the Chappar Rift bridge-Account of the interesting ceremony of opening the bridge, calleclafte~ her Royal Highness, the Louise Margaret • 154

CHAPTER' IX

TRANSFER TO DERAJAT-WAZIRI AFFAIRS, 1007 TO !889

Prospects of promotion in Baluchistan not bright-Apply to Government of India either for promotion in the Political Service or for return to my old place in the Punjtt.b Commission-Claims supported by Sir Robert Sandeman-Obtain one year's furlough to England, from May G, 1887-Return from leave and arrive Bombay, April 4, 1888-0rdered by. Government to join Sir Robert Sandeman at Lus Beyla.-Found him at Sonmeani laid up .in bed from the effects of a fall from his horse-Tmnsferred to my former place in the Punjab Commission, and appointed Deputy Commissioner-Dero. Ismail Khan-Conclusion of twelve years' work under the Government of India in the Political Department-Congratulations from Sir Robert Sandeman on my appointment-Devote attention to problem of settlement of the great Waziri tribe-! write a Memorandum on subject containing several proposals-Popular error that Mahsud Waziris are all irreclaimable thieves and robbers-Curzon's description of Kurds applies in all particulars to Mahsnds-Attempt to open Gomal Pass had been made under Mr. Ogilvie in 1888, but had failed through misconduct of some Mahsud bad characters-Relations with Government severed in consequence, until by continuance of good behaviour t4ey should prove themselves worthy of confidence-Measures I adopt to bring this a.bout-Mahsuds surrender to me two outlaws, and restore stoltm arms and other property-Particulars of death of Umar Khan, the leading Mahsud Sirda.r, while in the act of obtaining restitution of Govern. ment ami'S stolen-Settlement concluded with the tribe, and accepted, after some demur on the part of the Punjab Government-Valuable services rendered by Sirdo.r Azim Khan, Kundi-Recommend that · Government should sanction appointment of special European officer to superintend tribal arrangements-Title of • Rhan Bahadour ' and a valuable rent-free estate bestowed by the Government of Indiu. on Sirdar Azim Khan, in recognition of his valuable frontier services­ Promoted to be a Deputy-Commissioner, 1st class, November 26, 188D -Important Frontier work carried on in consultation with Baluchistan XVI THE FORWARD POLICY

PAGU officers-Serious offences committed in Thal-Chotea.li district by certain Kakars of Mina-Bazar-Sir Robert Sandeman's successful expedition to punish them-Major Maciver's interesting account of expedition-Sir Robert Sandeman inquires if it would be practicable for me to meet him with the Mahsud ¥aliks in the Gomal Pass, and for him to march down from Zhob through the Gomal to Tank­ Question as to the necessity for opening the Gomal and Tochi Passes -Sir Robert Sandema.n recommends that he should, in co-operation with the Punjab Government, arrange for the opening of the Gomal­ I write a Memorandum on the same subject-Government of India takes the question up • • 164

CHAPTER X

OPENING OF GOMAL PASS, !889 TO 1890

Government of India recognises importance of Zhob and Bori, and necessity for opening Gomal Pass-Lord Roberts, Sir James Lyall, and Sir Robert Sandema.n meet the Viceroy (Lord Lansdowne) at Dera Ismail Khan on November 10, to arrange for carrying it out-Viceroy's visit to Tank, and account of entertainment there-Satisfaction at seeing Lord Lansdowne ride up the GomalPass-Committee convened by Viceroy's command to frame scheme for occupation of Zhob and opening of Gomal-Scheme approved by Viceroy-Sir Robert Sandeman appointed to carry it out-I am put on special duty to accompany and work under him, more particularly in connection with Waziri negotiations for opening Gomal-Detail of my recommenda­ tions, which were approved by Government-Mr. J. S. Donald appointed as my assistant-Lord Lansdowne visits my wife to thank her for Tank arrangements-Viceroy leaves for Quett~~r-Accompany Sir Robert Sandeman to Lahore to arrange final preliminaries in communication :with Sir James Lyall-Settled that I should meet Sir Robert Sandeman at Sibi on December 16-March from Harnai to Appozai-Friendly reception by Kakartribes, especially by Mundo-Khels -Zhob and Bori constituted 8 separate Political Agency-Captain Macivor appointed to the charge-His qualifications as a Frontier officer-Delicate nature of negotiations with Waziris-Summon the jirga of the Derwesh-Khel Waziris of Wana to Appozai; also the Mahsud jirga through Mr. Donald-Difficulties of Mr. Donald's task, and its successful accomplishment-Safe arrival of the jirgas at Appozai-My agreements with them for the opening of the Gomal satisfactorily concluded, and approved of by Sir Robert Sandeman­ Received the cordial congratulations of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab (Sir James Lyall) on the success of negotiations-Continue our march to the Gomal-Mr. Donald meets us at Kajuri-Kach­ Anxious time at Kajuri-Kach-My Native Superintendent (Amir Chand) commits suicide-Shooting of 8 hil.vildar by robbers, and alarm in camp-Account of successful march over Gweleri Kotal and CONTENTS

PA.GB through Gomn.l Pass- Sir Robert Sandeman's account of same-His opinion of Waziri Maliks...:..His acknowledgments for valuable services rendered by Mr. Donald and the native gentlemen who had accompanied me, especially Khan Bahadour Azim Khan-Arrange. menta come to with Sherani tribe-Sir Robert Sandeman recommends my services to the notice of the Government of India in the mo~t complimentary terms-Gratified by receiving the cordial acknowledg. ments and thanks of the Government of India for my share in the work-In referring to the whole affair they describe it as ' one of the most brilliant and successful operations of recent yea,rs,' , , 185

CHAPTER XI

KHIDDERZAI EXPEDITION-SHERANI AFFAIRS1 \RDO TO \891 Organisation of Wo.ziri tribal services, and establishment of posts garri­ soned by their levies in the Gomal Pass and elsewhere-Mr. Donald manages Waziris with consummate tact and success-Attack by Taji-Khels on Kajuri-Kach post-Their repulse and defeat at the hands of the Waziri garrison-Services of this character should be borne in mind-All posts finished and good road constructed through the Gomal before hot season set in-For this and connected tribal arrangements received the thanks of the Punjab Government­ Sport (fishing and shooting) in Waziristan-Appointed to officiate as Commissioner and Superintendent, Derajat Division, July 1, 1890- Pleasure on getting the appointment-Khidderzai Sheranis accused by the Zhob authorities of committing offences-Sir Robert Sande. man proposes that a punitive expedition should be sent against them, a force going from Belucbistan and a similar one from the Punjab­ Government simctions expedition-Questions as to who should bold chief political control-Settled by Government of India that Sir George White was to command the expedition, that Sir Robert Sandemo.n should be chief political officer, and that I should meet him at Appozai and co-operate-Accompanied by Mr. Donald and certain native gentlemen and tribal chiefs and levies, march through Gomn.l Pass and meet Sir Robert Sandeman at Appozai, October 27 -Murtaza Khan and other Kbidderzai Maliks fail to come in, sending evasi!rleplies-Sir Robert Sandeman requests Sir George White to take measures to compel them to submit-Force marches in two column!l-Khidderzais, caught in a trap, can make no effective resistance-All Maliks surrender with exception of Murtaza, who is said to have fled-Terms imposed-Their fulfilment-Force breaks up-Sir Robert Sandeman reports results 'eminently satisfactory,' and expresses grateful thanks for assistance of myself and officers­ Received acknowledgments of Governments of Punjab and India­ Another of • Sandeman's bloodless victories'-He returns to Quetta­ My lasi event of active service with him-Murtaza Khan surrenders a xviii THE FORWARD POLICY.

PAGE himself to me-Congratulations from Sir George White-Opening up of Sherani country-Establishment of tribal levy posts-Magnificent mountain scenery-Sport in Sherani country-Question of taking revenue from hill tribes-Largha incorporated with Punjab, and Bargha with Beluchistan-At request of Punjab Government formu­ late scheme for opening Tochi Pass-Satisfaction on appointment as Commissioner being confirmed-Hearty congratulations from Sir Robert Sandeman-1 take eighty Waziri Maliks for a trip to Lahore and Amritsar-Present at Cesarewitch's reception-Their remarks on what they see-Interesting work of 1891-Exploration and providing for requirements of newly opened up tracts-Visit of Lord Roberts -I accompany his lordship in a tour through the Gomal Pass to Spin and Toi-His lordship greatly gratified and impressed at all he sees, especially the friendly disposition displayed by all the tribes­ men-Defects in Appozai settlement brought to notice of Government and proposals made for remedyitlg them~Recommended that military posts should be established in Spin, and levy posts between Spin and Kajuri-Kach-Sir James Lyall recommends Government of India. to sanction the tribal levy posts-Recommendations hang fire-Much valuable time lost • 206

CHAPTER XII

DEATH OF sm E, SANDEMAN1 1891 TO 1892 News received of the deplorable death of Sir Robert Sandeman at Lus Beyla. on January 29, 1892..:_0bitua.ry notices-Testimony of Lord Lansdowne and others to his grand achievements on the Frontier -My decision not to apply for the vacant post of Agent Governor· General, and what led me to it-Major-General Sir James Browne, Quartermaster-General in India, appointed to the post-A friendship of long standing between us-Letters from Sir James-Sketch of his previous career, and tribute to his memory-Amusing stories relating to him. • 222

CHAPTER XIII

XABUL INTRIGUES-DURAND BOUNDARY, 1892 TO 1895

Satisfactory progress in tribal affairs in Waziristan continues-Detailed surveys for a railway through the Gomal and on to Zhob prepared by Major B. Scott, R.E.-Opinions of Mr. Donald and survey officers on work done by Waziris-No cases of GhazUsm-Waziris not fanatical -Expediency or otherwise of burning co.rpses of Ghazis-Opposed to the procedure-Sir James Lyall, Lieutenant,Governor of the Punjab, visits the Gomal Pass and Kajuri-Kach-He sends gratifying report to the Government of India as to the importance and success of the work CONTENTS XlX

P..I.OK that is being done-Serious drawba.ck of not being able to afford loyal Waziri Ma.liks material support within their own country pointed out -How fundamentally the system differs in this respect from that observed in Baluchistan, rendering any comparison between the two idle-Unfortunate results of delay in remedying existing defects in MTangements-Active intrigues on the part of the Amir of Kabul and his Agents to upset the arrangements-They instigate Waziri bad characters to commit offences-Negotiations on foot between the British Government and the Amir for the demarcation of the boundary -Waziris become split up into factions distinguished as the Kabul jactiom and the loyal faction!-They feel on the horns of a dilemma, not knowing, as the result of the delimitation, • under which king' they might eventually come-Recommend that I might be authorised to give them assurances-Government of India's advice to them-At earnest request of loyal Waziri 1\Ialiks, Government of India consent to station troops at Kajuri-Kach and Jandola.-Occupation of these places by troops carried out quietly and without firing a shot-This shows clearly the real state of feeling in the tribe is friendly-Proceed on six months' leave to England, March 25, 1892-0ur eldest son reading for Sandhurst-I apply for Queen's Indian Cadetship for him, on strength of my frontier services-Support of Lord Roberts and Sir James Browne-Cadetship granted-Letter of congratulation from Lord Roberts-Kabul intrigues continue-Consequent serious offences by Waziri bad characters-Government of India direct Amir to with· draw his agent, Gul :Mahomed, from Wana.-Reassuring effect on Waziris-The Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, Sir Dennis Fitz· patrick, visits the Gomal-He presents Khilluts to the :Mahsud and Derwesh-Khel loyal MaUks-The Ma.liks surrender fifteen persons accused of offences-I fine the Derwesh-Khels 10,000 rs. and Ma.hsuds 9,000 rs.-Arms and other stolen property restored-Receive the 1 high commendation 1 of the Punjab Government and of the Government of India for the settlement made, as does also Mr. Donald-Mr. Donald promoted, with the sanction of her Majesty's Secretary of State, to be an Assistant Commissioner-Murder of Mr. Kelly-Surrender of Jambil and Karram, who are accused of the crime-Found guilty on trial by council of elders, and sentenced each to undergo seven years' imprisonment-Receive acknowledgments of Governments of India and Punjnb for satisfactory settlement of these affairs-Three of the loyal Malilc!JDUrdered in revenge, by adherents of the prisoners-Punjab Government recommend that surrender of the murderers of Maliks be demanded, under threat of punitive expedition-Government of India do not agree-Amir consents to receive a mission at Kabul, to arrange for the delimitation of the frontier-Sir Mortimer Durand appointed in charge of the mission-He selects Mr. Donald as one of his assistants-Description of the lovely tract of country lying between Wa.na on the Gomal, and Sheranni on the Tochi-Famous treaty between the Amir and Sir Mol'timer Durand concluded, defining and fixing bounda1·y line dividing India from Afghanistan, from Wakkan to a2 XX THE FORWARD POLICY

PAGE the Persian border, November 12, 1893-Under treaty, Birmal goes to Amir-Otherwise satisfactory as concerns Waziristan-Mr. Donald, on return from Kabril, appointed to charge of Kurram-His transfer is a great loss to Waziristan-Instructed to inform Waziris that, in accordance with an agreement come to with the A.mir, the Government would appoint a commission to demarcate the boundary line-Receive the gratifying intelligence that the Viceroy had appointed me British Joint Commissioner for the delimitation of the Afghan-Waziristan boundary-Messrs. King, Anderson, and Gra.nt appointed as my assistants-A brigade of troops under command of Colonel A. H. Turner told off as my escort-Scheme for opening the Tochi Pass sanctioned by Government-The remedying of the defects in the former service grants, I had for so long brought to notice, sanctioned ; also the establishment of a permanent military post at or near Spin­ Having received my final orders for the delimitation, march through the Gomal Pass to Ka.juri-Kach accompanied by Genera.! Turner, October 18, 1894-Wa.na jirga meet me at Kajuri-Kach-On 24th we march to Karab-Kot-Selection of site in Wana for commission camp--Mahsud Maliks arrive with intelligence that certain factions, adherents of those who had been sentenced for crimes, had set up one Mullah Powinda.h as their leader, and were prepared to oppose the delimitation, or any settlement being made between the Wa.ziris and the British Government-On nights 22nd and 24th a few shots fired into camp-October 25, march to Wana-Mahsud Maliks report that Mullah Powindah with force of a thousand men is moving to Khaisera. with hostile intention-Inform General Turner, who issues orders tha.t the troops should sleep accoutred with their arms beside them, and fall in at 4 A.M.-Night passed quietly-On the afternoon of November 2, Ma.liks bring further intelligence that the Mullah with some two thousand men ha.d moved up to the Inzar Kota.l, and intended to attack the camp that night-Inform General Turner, who issues similar orders to those ot previous night-Remained prepared with our clothes on expecting the attack-Attack made while dark, about 5 A.M. -Waziris repulsed and driven off with a loss of two hundred and fi\'e killed, and many wounded-Our losses one British officer, two native officers, eighteen native soldiers, and twenty-four camp followers, killed ; and five officers and severa.l men wounded-Brunt of attack falls on lsi Gurkhas-Waziris carry off fifteen cavalry horses, and thirty-seven Government rifles-Reasons why Waziris selected the . point they did for attack-General Turner moves the camp to a more defensive position-General Turner concurs with me that further punishment of Waziris is ca.lled for, but disagrees as 'to the terms, and nature of the punishment-Terms I proposed genera.lly approved by Government, and intimated to Waziris-They are informed that if not complied with by November 26 a. punitive expedition will be sent to enforce them-As signs of peaceful compliance appear more promising, Government of India. extends period of grace . to December 13- Fallure of negotiations, and its cause-Under ordersof,heGovemmen$ CONTENTS xxi

PAGB of India Sir William Lockhart assumes political control-Govern. ment of India issue instructions, that friendly Maliks should be protected, that punishment should chiefly be directed against those implicated in Wana attack, and tha* measures should be taken to prevent the punitive expedition developing into one against the whole tribe-Orders for the advance of the troops issue-Assurances given to the friendly Derwesh-Khel Ma.liks of Wana approved by Govern­ ment of India-They are granted title deeds, on which they set immense value, and are informed that arrangements for their protec· tion will be permanent-Building of Cantonment for troops at Wana sanctioned by Government-Dominant position Wana occupies for dealing with powerful tribes • • 243

CHAPTER XIV

OPENING OF THE TOCHI1 1896 TO 1896· On December IS the Expedition, in three columns, advances-The head­ quarters, commanded by Sir William Lockhart in person, from Jandola to Marga.band-The second from Edwa.rdsabad, the objective being Makin; and the third, the Wana column, commanded by General Turner, to Khaisera.-Friendly reception by Khaisera Maliks -Destroy fodified village of Tor-Wam-No organised opposition met with by any of the columns-Mulla.h Powindah's village of Marobi burned down, also towers belonging to hostile factions of Shabi-Khels and Abdo.llis at Makin destroyed-Friendly reception by Derwesb-Khels of Tochl-Sir William Lockhart's pla.n of campaign-On Christmas morning we march up the Ba.ddar Valley­ Destroy fortified hamlets of Abdulrehman-Khela, causing them loss to extent of some 6,000 rs.-Hamlets of those not implicated in Wana. attack not injured-Friendly Ma.liks perform good and useful service by pointing out hamlets and property of those hostile-Surrender to Mr. King and myself o~ Government rifles, horses, and other property-Heavy snow and severe cold at Ka.nigoram-No enemy being found to fight with, Sir William Lockhart orders concentration of troops at Jandola-Accidental death of Lieutenant Lockhart­ Regrettable incident-Sir William Lockhart's famous Waziri durbar at Kund~m, January 19-Announces to Waziris final terms of Govem­ ment, and that grace will be given theln to March 1 to comply­ Dcrwesh-Khel Maliks of Shakai surrender five men accused of Zhob and Gweleri murders-Petition of Shakai Maliks-Am deputed by Sir William Lockhart to remain at Kundiwam to secure fulfilment of the terms, and afterwards to join him in the Tochi-Have as escort a. brigade of troops under General Symons-Mr. Anderson and Mr. King deputed on demarcation duty-Mahsuds petition that rather than Government should occupy the Shahur route by itself, they should take the enth·e Mahsud country under protection and contro~, as bad xxii THE FORWARD POLICY

PAGil been done with Wanar-:.Reasonableness of the petition-One of those very opportunities Sir Robert Sa.ndeman would have eagerly seized on for settlement of country-Maliks having committed themselves on our side makes it incumbent on Government to follow out the Sande­ man Policy-Complete compliance with Government terms secured before the end of January-Gratified by receiving telegram from Sir William Lockhart congratulating me on success of my proceedings­ Friendly attitude of Derwesh-Khels and Dawaris of the Tochi-Sir William Lockhart visits the Tochi-1 start for Tochi to arrange with tribes for opening and settlement of country-Sir William Lockhart leaves Waziristan-I meet him at Edwardsabad, March 18-Under orders of Government of India, I revert to my former position of Chief Political Officer in Waziristan-March through Tochi Valley-Meet Mr. Anderson at Datta-Khel-Interesting account by Mr. Anderson of highly favoured tract of beautiful country lying between Wana and She1·anni-Orders to withdl'aW the troops from the Tochi cancelled at my request-Mr. Anderson and Mr. King congratulated by Govern­ ments of India and Punjab on successful completion of the demarca­ tion of their sections of the boundary line-Mr. Anderson testifies to friendly feeling displayed from first to last by Derwesh-Kbels and Dawaris-My Indian service extended by a year to enable me to conclude tribal settlements-! return to Mahsud country-Gratitude to General Symons for his cordial co-operation-Settlements made with Mahsuds, and reorganisation of their service allowances, posts, &c.-Complimentary notices of settlement by Governments of India and Punjab-Sarwekai occupied as military post at request of Mahsud Maliks-It occupies a. grand position, especially for protection of Shahur route-March to Wana-Settlement with Maliks in regard to occupation and safety of lines of communication-Inclusion of Badar and Shakai in Wana arrangements-Construction of permanent military post at Wana commenced-Mr. A. J. Grant appointed Political Officer-Satisfaction on seeing everything on such a per­ manently satisfactory basis in Wana before I leave-March to Sheikhbudin-Trial of the five Shakai prisoners-The Council of Elders find them guilty-I sentence them each to undergo seven years' imprisonment-Received the acknowledgments of the Governor­ General in Council for successful management of the affair-The notorious Zarriband shot by a Mahsud-Story of a daring robbery by Waziri rifle thieves-Important question of protection of loyal :Maliks and levies from retaliation for acts done in execution of their duty to Government-Submit scheme to Government for the opening and pacification of ~he Tochi-Tribal expenditure not excessive, when results are considered, and when compared with cost of military and other factors employed in the gt·eat scheme of Imperial Frontier defence-Value of Forward Policy as opening grand recruiting field for Indian army-Opinion of General Chesney-Comments on subject in 'Civil and Military Gazette '-Opinions of Sir James Lyall and Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick-! enlist a number of Mahsuds for service in CONTENTS XXlll

J'AllE 24th BeluchistanRegiment-They promise to turn out efficient soldiers -One of our sons is now in the regiment-Mentioned in Military Despatches for work connected with Mahsud Expedition-Commended favourably on same by Viceroy-Received thanks of Government of India.-I take three months' privilege leave to England, August 20, 1896 -Before starting receive the satisfactory intelligence that her Majesty's Government had sanctioned the establishment of permanent military posts at Wana. and in the Toohi-Mr. Anderson officiates as Chief Political Officer in Waziristan during my absence-I return and resume charge November 20 • 286

CHAPTER XV

LORD ROBERTS'S SPEECH, 1898

Latest valuable testimony in favour of the Forward Policy, Lord Roberts's speech in the House of Lords, March 7, 1898-His lordship, in describing the great work accomplished by Sir Robert Sandeman through his policy of 1 peace and goodwill,' alludes to him as 1 the very embodiment of the Forward Policy'-The Earl of Onslow, Under-Secretary of State for India, does not seriously contest the fundamental principles advocated by Lord Roberts, and, while extol· ling Sir Robert Sandeman and his work, upholds the present policy of her Majesty's Government of slumbering or waiting on events­ Lord Northbrook expresses acquiescence in present attitude of Government-Must be considered his lordship is himself one of the chief pioneers of the Forward Policy-Lord Lansdowne, Secretary for War, in his usual clear, unanswerable way, expresses his con­ currence in the views of Lord Roberts-They are pl'obably the two gl'eatest living authorities on ihe subject-His lordship did much to clear the ground by drawing attention to the true meaning of the 1 influence' or 1 friendly· infiuence' over the tribes so universally advocated; and in dispelling the mischievous delusion of iheir independence-Our 'wo greatest statesmen, Lord Salisbury, the Prime Minister, and the Duke of Devonshire, express general agree­ ment in views of Lord Roberts and Secretary for War-Danger of leaving a screen or purdah in the tribal regions-True meaning and results of tribal independence-Letter fl'Om Bon. George (now Lord) Curzon Jff 1 Times,' advocating retention of Chitral-Bis warm testimony to Sir Robert Sandema.n's work, and success of his Forward Policy, 'as far as the Zhob valley and Goma.l Pass '-Still stronger reasons exist for 1 carrying on ' the work in Waziristan-Sir Robert Sandeman's opinion that there is no radical difference between Waziris and tribes in Beluchistan-In tribal management we must either be progressing or retrograding-We cannot successfully 'IMrk time, and attempting to do so is tantamount to suspending the educa­ tion of our frontier officers, with risk of drifting into complications necessitating costly punitive military mcnsures • , 824 xxtv THE FORWARD POLICY

CHAPTER XVI

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PAGB ecommends, as sine guti non, that the entire North-West Frontier should be taken under its direct•control by the Government of India -That there should be either a Frontier Province under one Chief Commissioner, in rank 'only beneath that of a Lieutenant-Governor,' or, what may be more convenient, that Peshawar and northern frontiers should be constituted into a. aecond Frontier Chief Commis­ sionership, on the same footing as Belucbistan-Tha.t the appoint­ ments of Chief Commissioner as well as those of officers holding such political posts as Wana, Tochi, Kurram, Khyber, Samana., and Ma.lakand, should, as in Baluchistan, be merged in the graded Indian Political Service-Essential that Government should recognise that tribal management, like settlement work, requires special training, experience and knowledge, and that consequently every inducement should be held out to men to adopt a frontier career-These induce­ ments do not at present exist, and the system is prejudicial to our prestige and rule on the frontier-That honours and decorations should as a rule be bestowed on civil officers for successful tribal management by peaceful methods, and not, as at present, for services connected with punitive expeditions-Of those decorations bestowed on civil officers during last twenty-five years few, if any, were for successful tribal management pure and simple-They were mostly either for services rendered in connection with punitive military measures, or for some special and temporary duty-Such a system is demoralising, as it affords a premium for bad management-The Sandeman Policy is a more laborious one than the Punitive Expedi­ tion Policy, and so long as the latter pays best so long will officers be · inclined to put coercion in the forefront of their measures- Sugges· tion of the 'Pioneer' that the whole of the Trans-Indus tract should not be transfen·ed to the Government of India. condemned-Such a compromise as that suggested would emasculate the whole scheme­ This will be made evident if the positions of the divided tribes is studied on the map-Moreover, the powerful tribes concerned would resent being considered apart from the frontier-Universal condem­ nation of system of punitive expeditions-How injuriously it acls on the interests of recruiting-Reason why we are so f1·equently obliged to resort to punitive expeditions is, that tl"ibal management by peaceful means, and on lines that would obviate the necessity for them, has never received from Government the attention and encouragemen~ which it deserves-;-Lord Elgin, at a durba.r he held at Quetta. on· November 6, 1894, urges, as a means of honouring Sir Robert Sandeman, that we should carry on the work-Government should not have difficulty in finding an officer competent to do so amongst the many able men brought up in his school-Consider(l.tious CONTENTS XXV

PAGE why its cost should not be allowed to bar the way-Having no special inducement for remaining longer, I resolve to retire from the service in April-Final tour through my division..,...-Farewell durbar at Dera Ghazi Khan-Mention of Mr. Dames, B.C.S., Colonel Gaisford, and Major Maclvor, as officers whose distinguished work of successful tribal management, on principles of 'peace and goodwill,' had passed either entirely unrecognised, or inadequately so-Farewell durbar at Dera Ismail Khan-On April 28, 1896, I retire from the service-In recognition of my services receive a. special gratuity-Commendatory notice of them by Government of India-On arrival in England receive the sad intelligence of the untimely death of my old friend Sir James Browne, on June 13, 1896-By a sad fatality three of the Viceroy's Agents in Beluchistan had thus been cut oft in their prime and vigour: Sir Robert Sandeman, Sir Oliver St. John, and Sir James Browne , 852

INDEX • 875 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

RICHARD I. BRUCE, C.I.E. • • Frontispiece REV. CANON BRUCE, D.D. • • To face p. 10 GHOLAM Mon.TAZA KHAN, BuGTI ·TuMANDAJt, AND HIS Two SoNs " 26 COUNCIL OF ELDERS (JIRGA), MARRI AND BuGTI TRIBES , " 40 BARALACHA PAsS, LAHAUL , 48 " RoT.ANG PAss, KuLu " 52. DuNKAR SPtTI " 54 MAJOR SANDEMAN, 1876 • " 60 KHELAT FoRT 64 " KHAN OF KHELAT AND 8IRDARS1 AND MAJOR SANDEMAN AND STAFF " 66 QuETTA TowN AND MuRDAR MouNTAIN . . l 70 AVENUE LEADING FROM QUETTA FORT TO RESIDENCY ) " QuETTA Fon.T,187~} 77 QuETTA FoRT,1900 " ·QuETTA RESIDENCY " 78 KoJAK Tu:JEL " 122 ZEARAT SANITORIUM . 126 " 1\IAJOR G. GAISFORD .'• " 128 • MY FRIEN~ AND BROTHER SPORTSM~N, MAJOR FRED CARR , 136 SIBI FoRT .. 160 LOUISE MAR~ARET BRIDGE, CHAPPAR RIFT " 162 FORT SANDEMAN, APPOZAI " 190 xxviii THE FORWARD POLICY

MAJOR MAc!voR, C.I.E .• • To face p. 192 SIR JAMES BROWNE, K.C.B. " 238

MEETING OF PoLITICAL OFFICERs, KAJURI KAcn, DE· CEMBER 7 1893 258 1 " BRITISH AND NATIVE 0FFJCERS, 24TH BELUCHISTAN REGIMENT 822 " FAREWELL DuRBAR, DERA IsMAIL KHAN 370 " FAREWELL DURBAR, DERA GHAZI KHAN • " 372

MAP OF NoRTH•WEST FRONTIER OF !NDIA1 SHOWING

TRIBAL BouNDARIEs • At end INDEX

!BDALLI, section of Mabsud tribe, 259, BABUL :KBA.N, Tumandar of Khetran 267,287 tribe, 40 Abdulla Khan, Nasir, 132 Badakshan, 348 Abdullazai, branch of Kakar tribe,. Badcock, Colonel (now General, O.B.), 180 155 Abdulrehman Khan, Amir of Kabul, Baddar, 288, 294 111, 114, 301 Badra, 78 Abdulrehman Kbel, a section of Badshah Khan, leading Mahsud Mahsud tribe, 170, 193, 220, 260, Chief, 178, 267 267,281 Baghao,94 Adam, Colonel, 129 Bahram Khan, son of Sir Emam Adam Khan, Mahsud, 320 Baksh Khan, 371 Adam Khan, of Sheranni, 301 Bain Pass, 805 Afghanistan, 285, 869 Bannu,370 Africa, East, 321 Baralacha Pass, 53 Afridi tribe, 35, 141 Barari Tangi, 287 Ahmedpur, 37 · Barkhan, 94 Aitchison, Sir Charles, 99 Barnes, Colonel, 149 Akbar Shah, Syud of Ka.nigoram, 207, Barnes, Mr. H. S., C.S.I.,132, 145,154, . 257 234 Akhtarzai, 133 Barozai, Pathan tribe, 82, 91 Ali Musjid, 89 Barwand,295 Alla.hda.d Khan, Brahoe, 126 Batil, Bugti Malik, 34 Alwara,valley,302 Bazai, section of Kaka.r tribe, 72, 76 Amir Chand, Superintendent of office, Beluchistan Regiments, 24th & 26th, 198 321 Amir of Kabul, 351 59, 71-85, 95, 111, Beluoh Khan, Tumandar of Khetran 250,304 tribe, 18 Anamba.r, 133 Beresford, Lord William, 187 Anderson, Mr. H. A., B.O.S., O.S.I., 265, Bhe.i Khan, Chief of Sarangzais, 18, 287,299, 302, 822 100, 103, 125 Angelo, Lieutenant, 273 Bhawalpur, Native State, 87 Appoza.i,J'r7, 191, 211, 297, 848 Bhittani, Patha.n tribe, 168 Ardmore, 113 Biddulph, Major-General Sir Michael, Armstrong, Colonel, 137 1:!8, 239 Asbill, 6 Biddulph, Major John, 119 Atchakzai, section of Kakar tribe, 71 Bigg Wither, Colonel, 197 Atta·Khan-Ka.hol, 214 Bijarani, branch of Marri tribe, 84, Ayub Khan, Sirdar, 103, 107 297 Azim Khan, Khan Bahadour, 176, Birmal, 262, 302 189, 201, 205 Bisharat Khan, Kakar Malik, 137 376 THE FORWARD POLICY

Bohr, 36 receive on different occasions com­ Bolan Pass, 58, 61, 70, 71, 89, 92, mendation or acknowledgments of 369 her Majesty's Secretary of State for Bolan Railway, 123 India, 77, 127, 204; receive on Borl Valley,18,83,94, 159 different occasions thanks or Bosh Nerai, 302 acknowledgments of Government of Bozdar, Beluch tribe, 83, 42, 120, 216, India, 37, 77, 97, 125,130, 132, 153, 359 155, 204, 258, 259, 260, 308, 311, Brackenbury, General, 218 322; received thanks or acknowledg­ Brahoe tribe, 27, 58, 120 ments of Punjab Government, 17, Browne, Colonel (afterwards Sir James 24, 37, 176, 196, 212, 246, 258, 259, Browne, K.C.B.), 79, 98, 123, 146, 294, 308, 311; mentioned in Military 163,218,238,252,373 Despatches (see note to Chapter Browne, Sir Sam, 88 XIV.); retired from the service, Bruce, Charles, Lieutenant, 321 April, 1896, 373 · Bruce, J. Maxwell, Lieutenant, 301 Bruce, Reverend Robert, D.D., 6, 11 Bruce, Mrs., 47, 51, 95, 113, 119, 156, Bugti Beluch tribe, 15, 42, 58, 70, 82, . 157, 165, 190, 312 216,247,346,363 Bruce, R. I., C.I.E., first appointment as Extra. Assistant Commissioner by Sir Robert Montgomery, May, CARn,· Lieutenant (late Colonel), 28, 1863: Transfer to frontier, 13 ; . 137, 149 promoted for frontier service, with Cavagnari, Lieutenant (afterwards sanction of her Majesty's Secretary Sir Louis), 12, 95, 97, 100 of State for India, to be an Assistant Cesarewitch's visit to India, 216 Commissioner, 41; appointed with Chageh,4 sanction of her Majesty's Secretary Chaman,116 of State for India to the Indian Chamberlain, Sir Neville, 12, 87, 141 Political Service, as Political Agent, Chapman, Colonel E. F. (afterwards Quetta, 66 ; officiate as Agent General, C.B.), 90, 146 Governor, Baluchistan, January 1st Chappar Rift, 100, 163 to July 26th, 18781 83; mentioned Charkia-Garh, SOl twice in Despatches, (1) by Sir Charles, Major, R.A., 77 Donald Stewart, (2) by Sir Michael Chemalang, 94 Biidulph, 97 ; appointed Deputy Cherai, 311 Commissioner Dera Ismail Khan, Chesney, Colonel, 318, 363 April, 1888, 165 ; deputed to co­ Chitral, 347 operate with Sir Robert Sandeman Chuar-Khel Pass (Dhana), 203, 211 in opening Gomal Pass, and Chuar-Khel, section of Sherani tribe, negotiations with Sherani tribe, 201 December, 1889, 191; appointed to Civil and Military Gazette, 318, 363 officiate as Commissioner and Super­ Clifford, Pat, 9 intendent Derajat Division, 209; Close Border System, 14, 23, 26, 32, deputed to co-operate with Sir 365 Robert Sa.ndeman in Khidderzai Colley, Sir George Pomeroy, 65, 232 Expedition, and settlement with Connaught, her Royal Highness the Sherani tribe, 210 ; promoted to the Duchess of, 163 permanent post of Commissioner Connaught, his Royal Highness the and Superintendent, November 21, Duke of,161 1890, 216; in recognition of frontier Cotton, Colonel, 113 service am granted Queen's Cadet­ Curzon, Mr., now Lord Curzon of ship for our eldest son, 253 ; , Kedleston, Viceroy of India, 122, appointed British Joint Com­ 171,347,349,863 missioner for delimitation of Afghan-Waziristan boundary, 265; on special duty in connection with DABBAR·KOTE, 128 Mahsud-Waziri Expedition, 286; Dadar, 89 INDEX 377

Dames, Mr. M. L., B.C.S., 84, 371 F.uz MABoMED, Amir's commander, Da.re-Nashta.r, 302 87 Da.rgai, 103 Faizu, Pa.nizai chief, 18, 100 Da.rpa.-Khel, 300 Fazl-Hak Khan, Commandant of Darya. Khan, Nasir, 132 tribal levies, 266 Da.tta.-Khel, 300, 302 Fighting strength of certain tribes, Do.wagar, Mahsud Malik, 289 362 Dawar, 27, 216, 254 • Finden, Dr., 96 Deane, Major, 357 Fitzpatrick, Sir Dennis, Lieutenant­ Dera-Gha.zi-Khan, 10, 15, 42, 184, Governor of Punjab, 255, 307, 320, 359 ; Peshin road construction, 151 873 Dera. Ismail Khan, 6, 9, 13, 165 Forsyth, Sir Douglas, 12 Derwesh-Khel Wa.ziris, 181, 195, 216, Fort Munro, 94 254,284 FonSandeman,177,191,219,360 Devonshire, Duke of, 343 French, Right Rev. Va.lpy, Bishop of Dhana. Pass, 805 Lahore, 6 Dharmsala, 56, 78 Fryer, Mr. (now Sir Fr~derick),104, Dir,348 118,125 Divided tribes; Legaris, Mazaris, Fullerton, Dr., Residency Surgeon, Kosehs, Kusranis, Mianis, Bhit­ 95 tanis, Derwesh-Khel Waziris (see Futteh Khan, 10 map), 861 Domandi, 211, 214, 294 Domki tribe, 29, 91, 363 G.usPORD, Captain (the late Colonel), Domvile, Lieutenant, 133 128, 138, 153, 371 Donald, Mr. J. S., 189, 191, 193, 197, Ga.selee, Colonel (now Sir Alfred), 288 201, 206, 210, 243, 255, 258, 261, Gat-Sherani country, 214 263, 312 Gehundari Mountain, 28 Dos~ Mabomed Khan, Babar, 189 Geneva, 113 Dotani tribe, 218, 266 Ghararai, section of Mahsuds, 170, Dotoi, 218 271, 290 Dowlatzai, 135 Ghaus Ma.homed, 135 Drazand,210,214 Ghaziism, 244 Dreshak tribe (Beluch), 27, 359 Ghazis, 73, 79, 244, 372 Drug, 191 Gha.zni, 182 Dufferin, Lord, Viceroy of India, 158 Ghazzani, a section of the Marri Duke, Mr. 0. T. (afterwards Colonel), tribe, 126 66,68, 102,105,118 Gbazzen Khan, Tumandar of the Duki, 128, 131 Marri tribe, 18, 35, 40, 170 Dulai,133 Gbolam Hosein, Bugti raid leader, Dumar, branch of Kakar tribe, 71, 92, 15,29, 32,110,297 100 Gholam Murta.za, Tuma.ndar of the Durand, Mr. (now Sir Henry Morti­ Bugti tribe, 18, 40, 110, 170, 297 mer), 130, 151, 218, 261 Ghurgura, 292 Durand, Sir Henry, 187 Giga-Khel, section of Ma.hsuds, 288 Durkani, branch of Gurchani tribe, Gilgit, 338 24,42,216,361 Gillespie, Captain John, 9 Gimi, 220 Gladstone, Mr. W. E., M.P., his Irish EDwARDEsfsir Herbert, 12 land legislation, 6 Edwa.rdsa.bad, 303 Go-betweens, employment of, 25 Egerton, General, 286, 288 Gohur Khan, Dugti, 26 Elgin, Lord, Viceroy of India, 366, Goma.l Pass, 172, 179, 189, 196, 200, 367,373 211, 213, 255 Emam Ba.kah Kha.n, Mazari chief Goro.nari, 91 (now Sir Emam Baksh Khan, Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, K.C.I.E.), 23, 88, 870 2 378 THE FORWARD. POLICY

Government of India, 276, 280, 283, IDAK, 300 294,303,308,314 Imperial Assemblage at Delhi, 65, 66 Graham, Colonel (Commissioner), 40, Indian Heroes' Fund, 2 49, 166 Indian Political Service, 66, 158, 353, Grant, Mr. A. J., B.C.S., 265, 267, 283, 355 310 Inzar Kotal, 268 Green, Sir Henry, 18, 24, 28, 35, Islam Khan, Tumandar of Bugti 42 tribe, 26 Griffin, Mr. (now Sir Lepel), 21 Gul, Kach, 219, 246, 249

Gul-Mahomed, Agent to Amir, 249, JACOBABAD1 15,43,56, 61, 65,67 253 Jacob, General John, C.B., 18 Gumatti-Thal route, 216 Jakrani, Beluch tribe, 29, 363 Gundamak, Treaty of, 95 Jamal Khan, Tumandar of the Lega.ri Gundava, 73, 77 tribe, 15 · Gunder-Kach, 213 Jambil, notorious Mahsud robber, 253, Gurchani tribe, 27, 359 258, 289 Gurdit, Singh, 101 Jampur, 29 Gurkhas, 1st regiment, 269 Jandola., 217, 252, 277, 291 Gweleri-Kotal, 199 Janghi Khan, Mahsud chief, 168 Jani Khel, 305 Ja.nimela. Mountain, 294 HmniANI, section of Legari tribe, 15, Ja.njara, 291 29, 42,216 Jatta, 220 Haidrai·Kach, 217 Jha.nja.l, 291 Haig, Surgeon-Major, 271 Jirga, or Council of Elders, 35 Hajipur, 10 · Hakim Khan, Panizai Malik, 100 Hak Nawaz Khan, Khan Bahadour, KABUL,94,97,253,261 145, 197 Kach, 105 Hamta Pass, 53 Kaoh-Amadun, 102 Hamza, Malik (Kakar), 135 Kahan, headquarters of Marri tribe, Hamzazai, sect1on of Kakar tribe, 123, 36, 78 130 Kaha river, 36 Hannay, Major, A.D.C., 162 Kaiser Garb Mountain, 214 Han Pass, 118, 150 Kajuri Kach, 197, 206, 213, 246, 252, Harnai, 18, 83, 100, 103, 111, 191, 255,277 297 Kakar tribe, 27 Harrison, Major, Political Agent, Kandahar,85,88,94, 111 Khelat, 58 Kandahar Field Force, 88, 91, 94 Hartington, Marquis of, 114, 358 Kandahar, occupation of, 91 Herbert, Lieutenant, 271 Kanigoram, 281, 287, 291 Hewson, Lieutenant R.E., 70, 73 Karab Kote, 218, 267 Heyde, Reverend, Mr. and Mrs., Karachi, 7, 8, 97 Moravian Missionaries, 53 Karim Khan, son of Khan Bahadonr Beyland, Colonel, 149 Azim Khan, 194 Hindu-Bagh, 137 Karram, Mabsud Malik, 259 Hindu-Kush, 347 Kashmir·Ka.r Mountain, 206 Bittu-Ram, Rai Bahadour, C.I.E., 25, Kashmir Thibet, 53 . 118, 222 Kasrani tribe, 42, 216, 359 Bogg, Colonel, C.I.E., 309 Katchi, 15 Hornby, Lieutenant, 321 Ka.zha, 302 Hunza, 347 Keen, Major (now General Sir F. S. Huramzai, 85 Keen, K.C.B.), 86 Burrund, raid by Gholam-Hosein, Kekarai, section of Mahsud tribe, Bugti, 30, 32 . 288 Hutchinson, Colonel, 252 Kelly, Mr., murder of, 258, 311 INDEX 379

Kha.isera., 256, 268, 286 Lehri, 91, 147 Khalifat Mountain, 161 Lindsay, Colonel, R. E., 123 Kha.nan, Mundo-Khel Kakar Malik, Lishari, section of Gurchani tribe, 177 24,42 . Khan of Khelat, 20, 85, 56, 65, 82, Lockhart, Lieutenant, 291 236,363 Lockhart, Sir William, 279, 286, 292, Khar-Kumar, SOl 299,310 Kha.roti tribe, 266 Lockwood, Lieutenant R., Srd Punjab Khattu, Bugti Malik, 34 Cavalry, 51 Khela.t, 60 Lodran, 39 Khela.t-i-Ghilzai, 182 Loharani, section of Marri tribe, 126 Khelat·i-Kila, 124 Lora.lai, 130, 159, 161 Kbetra.n tribe, 15, 29, 36, 42, 120, 297 Loti, 28 Khidderzai, section of Shera.ni tribe, Luck, Major (now General Sir G. 201, 209, 211, 214 Luck), 91 Khojak Pass, 91 Luni tribe, 18, 121 Khojak Tunnel, 123 Lus Beyla, 165, 222 Khoseb, Beluch tribe, 15, 38 Lyall, Mr., now Sir Alfred, 99 Khwaja-Amran Mountain range, 128 Lyall, Sir James, Lieutenant-Governor Khwaja-Khidar, 294 of the Punjab, 185, 187, 190, 196, Khyber Pass, 4, 88, 181, 836, 353, 870 210, 215, 220, 237, 246, 261, 820 Kibzai, branch of Kakar tribe, 120, 123, Lytton, Lord, Viceroy of India, 63, 130 65, 238 King, Mr. L. White, B.C.S., C.S.I., 210, 213, 259, 265, 290 King of Islam, 249 MAcAULAY, Lieutenant, R.E., 271 Kinsale, 48, 113 MacGregor, Colonel (afterwards Sir Kolachi, 12 Charles), 21, 45, 107, 230 Kolu, 108 Maclvor, Major, C.I.E., 177, 192, Kotri, 7, 8 197, 202, 209, 219, 853, 363, 369, Kowas, 123 872 Kuchali, 106, 107 MacLeod, Sir Donald, 12, 37 Knchbina, 211 MacMahon, Captain, C.S.I., C.I.E., Kulchas, 27 140,259 Kulu, subdivision of Kangra district, Maddijan, 217 49-55 Ma.hma.nd, 78 Kunder River, 179 Mahomed Afzo.l, Mahsud Malik, 289 Kundiwam, 213, 292, 294 Mahseer fishing, 208, 214, 218 Kunhardt, Lieutenant, R.E., 70, 73 Ma.iwand, lOS, 105 Kurds, 71 Maizer, 141 Kurram, 88, 97, 263, 356, 370 Makin, 275, 287 Kyheri tribe, 91 Malaka.nd, 4, 356 Mall, 91, 147 Ma.njhi, in Kakar limits, 102 LAHAUL, 52 Manjhi, near Gomal, 173, 220 Lalu Khan, 313 Mansur Khan, Amir's Agent, 249 Lancashire Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion, Marmazh, 211 323 Marobi, 275, 287 Lang, Caytain, 271 Marri, Beluch tribe, 15, 20, 42, 58, 70, LansdoWne, the Marquis of, Viceroy 82,216,247,846 of India, 185, 233, 339, 345, 857, 363 Marwat, 12 Laram Mountain, 294, 301 Ma.rwatti Mountain, 217, 262 Lawrence, Lord, Viceroy of India., Mason, Lieutenant-Colonel, 267, 271 41, 158 Masta.ng Settlement, 63 Leahy, Dr., 68 Maxwell, Lieutenant C., R.E., 137 Legari, Beluch tribe, 359 Mayo, the Earl of, Viceroy of India, 57 Leh,54 Mazari, Beluch tribe, 23, 359 380 THE FORWARD POLICY

Mebrulla. Khan, now Na.wab, Tumandar Nishpa., tribal levy-post in Largha of the Marri tribe, 78, 104, 106, Shera.ni, 211 170, 297 Northbrook, Earl of, Viceroy of India, Meiklejohn, Colonel (now General Sir 48! 58, 61, 62, 837 W. H.), 269, 303 Mein, Major, 288 OGILVIE, Mr. G. M., B.C.S.,172 Mengal, Brahoe tribe, 71 Oliver, Mr., 109, 209 Merewether, Sir William, Commis- Omdurman, 2 sioner in Sind, 43, 56, 61, 223 O'Mealy, Major, 1st Punjab Cavalry, Miltown Castle, 6 269 Mina Bazaar, 177 Onslow, Earl of, 833 Minchin, Major (now General), 33, 89 Oxus,847 Mirian, 291 Mirzai, branch of Kakar tribe, 180 Mitha.nkote, 7, 9, 78 PAGET, Captain (now General W.), 22, Mithankote conference, 225 28,168 Moghul Kote, 194, 211, 213 Paind Khan, Tumandar of Luni Mohmund, Pathan tribe, 141 Pathan tribe, 18 Money, Captain (now General E. A. Pa.khizai, branch of Ka.ka.r tribe, 179 Money, C.B.), 75 Pa.losin, 241 Montgomery, Sir Robert, Lieutenant- Pamirs, 847 Governor Punjab, 6, 12 Paniza.i, branch of Kaka.r tribe, 18, 93, Morgan, Colonel, 86 100 Mortaza, 186, 206 Pa.njdeh, 154 Mullah, Powindah, 267, 278 Panni, Pathan tribe, 98 Mullah Salem, Mahsud Malik, 257 Papprill, Reverend F., 166 Multan, 49 Para.ngla Pass, 53 Mundo-Khel, section of Kaka.r tribe, Paske, Colonel, 56, 61 177 Peharpur, 12 Munro, Colonel, 60, 67, 168 Peiwar Pass, 89 Munro-Ferguson, Mr., M.P., 159 Peshin,18,85,90, 111 Murgha-Kibzai, 177 Pha.yre, Colonel (afterwards Sir Murrunj, 27 Robert), 42, 56, 105 Murtaza Khan, leading Malik of Phylawa.r, 86 Khidderzai Sherani tribe, 196, 211, 'Pioneer,' 232, 287, 321, 356, 860 213 'Pioneer,' obituary notice of Sir Musa.-Khel, Pathan tribe, 18, 27,120, Robert Sandema.n, 223 130, 150, 178 Pir-Ghal Mountain, 290, 294 Mussoori, section of Bugti tribe, 84 Pita.fi, section of Gurchani tribe, 24 Muzaffargarh, 870 Pitok Pass, 23 Plowden, Sir Henry,17 Poleji, 147 NAMAR, Khidderzai headquarters, 211 Pollock, Colonel, 1st Sikhs, 288 Napier, Sir Charles, 21 Pollock, Colonel (afterwards Sir Napier, Sir Robert (afterwards Lord Richard), 40 Napier of Magdala), 28, 45 Powell, Captain, 1st Gurkhas, 273 Nargao, 291 Primrose, Mr., Private Secretary to Na.ri-Gorge, 102 Viceroy, 112, 114 · Narija, 253 . Pui, 128 Nasir, Patha.n tribe, 284 Puniali, 84 7 Nawab of Tank, 187, 189 Punjab Government, 70, 246, 248, Nawagai, 849 276,294,803 Nekzan-Khel, section of Ma.hsud Punjab Infantry, 20th Regiment, 270 Waziris,288 Nicholson, Colonel, 211 QUAT·MUNDABI, 78 Nili-Kach, tribal levy-post in the Qnetta, 18, 59, 88, 190, 297 Gomal Pass, 199, 206 Quetta, occupation of, 66, 70, 83 INDEX 381

RAD-NAWAZ-KnAN, Muso.za.i Sirda.r, 189, Saro.ngza.i, branch of Kakar tribe, 18, 201 93 Raisani, branch of Brahoe tribe, 71 Sarwanga.i Pass, 287 Rajanpur, 9, 16, 22, 36, 48, 189 Sarwar Khan, leading Malik of Bargha. Ramsden, Lieutenant, now Colonel, 28 Shera.nis, 201 Ramzan Khan, TumandarofUsterana, Sarwekai, military post in Ma.bsud Pathan tribe, 189, 191 Waziri limits, 217, 297 Razmak, 287, 290 Satakzai, section of Braboe tribe, 71 Reynolds, Captain S., 66 Sa.wan-Kote, 218 Ridgway, Colonel (now Sir Joseph), 131 Schneider, Captain, 133, 135 Rindli, 154 Scott, Captain, V.0.,4th Sikhs, 66, 70, Ripon, the Marquis of, Viceroy of 74-77 India, 114 Scott, Major B., R.E., 193, 243 Roberts, Lord, speech in House of Secretary of State for India, 41, 64, Lords on 'Forward Policy,' 824 77, 88, 114, 127, 159, 166, 204, 236, Roberts, Major-General (now Field 258,363,867,873 Marshal Lord Roberts), 89, 97, 107, Shabi-Khel, branch of Mahsud Waziris, 155, 156, 163, 185, 218, 252, 324, 267 363,373 Shahbaz-Kha.n,nowNawab, Tumandar Rojban, headquarters of Mo.zari tribe, of the Bugti tribe, 26, 126 22,38 She.hba.z-Khan, Sirdar of Kakar tribe, Roome, Colonel, 105 134, 136, 142 Rosebery, the Earl of, 159, 160 Shahjeha.n, leading chief of the Ross, Colonel, C.B., 210 Kakar tribe, 18, 94, 100, 103, 123, Rotang Pass, 53 128,142,152 Russia, 285, 869 Shahmar Khan, Ka.kar Sirdar, 134 Russian Mission to Kabul under Shahpur,91, 124 General Stolietoff, 87 Sha.hur route, 217, 291, 293, 295 Sha.ka.i, 220, 258, 293 She.righ, 105, 161 SADA Khan, leading Waziri Malik of Shawal Valley, 290, 302 Sheranni, 301, 808 Sheikhbudin, 810 Safa.i, 210 Sher Ali Khan, Amir of Kabul, 95 Salisbury, Lord, 343 Sherani, Pathan tribe, 168, 196, 201 ; Sa.mana, 4, 853 Be.rgha, 202, 215 ; Largha., 202, 214 Sandeman, Lady, 26, 113, 222 Sheranni, 262, 800 Sandeman, Sir Robert, 13, 44, 88, 112, Shingi, branch of Mo.hsud Waziri 185, 258, 358, 364 tribe, 287 Sandeman, Sir Robert, breo.lcs through Shingul Khan, son of Sirdar Shah· Close Border Syatem, 26 ; first jehan of Zhob, 153 mission to Khelat, 58 ; second mis· Shooting large game, 207, 214 sion to Khela.t, 61 ; gets his major­ Showers, Captain, 100, 126 ity, 63 ; treaty with Khan of Shuidar Mountain, 290, 802 Khelat, 65; accompanied Khan to Shum Plain, 27, 78 . Delhi Assemblage, made a C.S.I., Shutergardan Pass, 97 appointed Agent Governor.General, Sibi, 59, 88, 111, 191, 297 66 ; for work up to first phase of l:lihaf, headquarters of Bugti tribe, 28 Afgha~ War made a K.C.S.I., July, Sikhs 3rd Punjab Infantry, 270 1879, 9.1-1 first Zhob Expedition, Sind Peshin, railway line, 123 occupat'ion of Bori, 133 ; takes fur­ Sind, Upper, frontier, 15, 21, 61 lough, 157 ; opening of Gomal Pass, Sinja.wi, 123 200 ; his death, 222 Sirdar Mahsud, E.A.O., 212 Sangan,78, 83 Smalla.n, 123 Sanghur Pass, 817 Sonmeani, 165 Sanobar Shah, Syud of Kanigoram, Sooe, 124 207 Soudan,2 Saran, branch of Kakar tribe, 131 Spiltoe, 253 382 THE FORWARD POLICY

Spll1,217, 252,267 U:r.tAR KHAN, Kaka.r Malik, 177 Spinkai-Kach, levy-post, 206 Umar Khan, leading Malik of Mahsud Spinta.ngi, 105, 124 Waziris, 168, 173, 261 Spiti, 53 Umbeyla, 369 Stewart, Sir Donald, late Field­ Upper Sind, 15, 43, 61, 362 Marshal, 90, 98 Urgun, 1102 St. John, Sir Oliver, 112, 114, 157, Usman-Katsa, 302 163, 373 Usterana tribe, 216 Sukker, 102 Utman-Khel, section of Ka.ka.r tribe, Suleiman-Khel, Pathan tribe, 266, 285 129,159 Sultan Mahomed, Kak~~tr Malik, 79 Uzhda-Psha Pass, 100 Sunree, 91, 124 Swattis, 141 Symons, Colonel (the late Sir Penn), VE:a:oA Pass, 191 288,294,306 Vela, in Zhob, 133 , Viceroy of India, 190, 265, 281, 356 Vitakri, 27, 84, 371 TAGALANG Pass, 54 Taji-Khel, section of Derwesh·Khel Waziris, 206 WAKIUN, 261 Takht-i-Pul, 91 Wana, 217,254,262,266,298,356 Takht-i-Suleiman Mountain, 214 Warburton, Sir Robert, 141 Ta.kwa.ra., 12 Waterfield, Colonel, C.S.I., 114, 116, Tangai, 291 118, 119 Tank,12, 186,201 Wazi-Khwah, 254 Tanner, General Sir Oriel, K.C.B., Waziri, Pathan tribe, 27, 166; tribal 132,135,161 levies, 247 Tarin, Pa.than tribe, 93, 121 Waziristan, 850; as a recruiting Taunsa., 10 ground, 820 Taylor, General Rennell, 12 Wellington College, 165 Temple, Sir Richard, 92 White, Sir George, V.C., 210, 212, 213, Thal-Choteali, 18, 59, 79, 83, 94, 103, 323 111, 121, 297, 360 Williams, Reverend John, 187 Thompson, Colonel, 3rd Sikhs, 273 Wylie, Captain Henry, C.S.I. (now Thompson, Lieutenant, 271 Colonel), 59, 66, 99, 102 Thornton, Dr., C.S.I., D.C.L., 21, 234; his' Life of Sir Robert Sandeman,' 44, 69,112,132,145,233,357 YAGl!ISTAN, the country of rebels, 33 Tibbi-Lund, Beluch tribe, 27, 359 Yakub Khan, A.mir of Kabul, 95 'Times' newspaper, 116, 347 Yezekar Mountall1, 214 Tirah, 364 Tobin, Lieutenant, 106 Tochi, 141, 180, 216, 253, 265, 287, ZAtLI·KllEL, branch of Derwesh-Khel 298, 315, 356, 376 Waziris, 196 Toi River, 217, 218 Zandra, 128 Torwam, 267, 286 Zao Pass, 213, 214 Tozeani, 23, 30 · Zarghun Mountain, 100 Trukki, 28 Zarriband, a notorious robber, 253, Tsokar and Tsomoriri, salt lakes in 311 Kashmi).' Thibet, 54 Zearat Sanatorium, 125 Turkomans, 122 Zeman Shah, Syud, 189 Turner, Brigadier-General, 265, 273, Zhob Valley, 18, 83, 121, 177, 220, 275, 286, 289 246, 297

Spoltis~eoodt tl; Co: Printers, Nl:f.C·Itretfl Squar~ Lo~don: '~

.(; B ~lassifie" ~atalogue OF WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE PUBLISHED BY · LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO, 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.C.

9I AND 93 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND 32 HORNBY ROAD, BOMBAY.

CONTENTS.

PAGB PAG:a. BADMINTON LIBRARY (THE). • 10 MENTAL, MORAL, AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY • • 14 BIOGRAPHY, PERSONAL ME- MOIRS, &c. MISCELLANEOUS AND CRITICAL WORKS • 29 CHILDREN'S BOOKS • 25 MISCELLANEOUS THEOLOGICAL CLASSICAL LITERATURE, TRANS­ WORKS • 32 LATIONS, ETC. 18 POETRY AND THE DRAMA • 19 COOKERY, DOMESTIC MANAGE­ POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECO· . MENT, &c. 28 NOMICS 17 EVOLUTION, ANTHROPO~OGY, POPULAR SCIENCE •. &c. • 17 SILVER LIBRARY (THE) FICTION, HUMOUR, &c. • 2o SPORT AND PASTIME IO FUR, FEATHER AND FIN SERIES I2 STONYHURST PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY, POLITICS, POLITY, SERIES I6 POLITICAL MEMOIRS, &c .• 3 TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE, THE LANGUAGE, HIS T 0 R Y AN D COLONIES, &c. 9 SCIENCE OF · x6 WORKS OF REFERENCE· 25

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND. EDITORS. Page Page Page Pag1 Abbott (Evelyri) g, IS Balfour (Lady Betty) s Buck(H. A.) 12 Conway (Sir W, M) n -(T.K.) • • 14, IS Ball (John) • 9 Buckland Uas.) 25 Conybeare (Rev. W. J.) -(E.A.) • 14 Banks (M. M.) • 20 Buckle (H. T.) • 3 & Howson (Dean) 26 Acland (A. H. D.) Baring-Gould(Rev.S.)27,29 Buckton (C. M.) 28 Coolidge (W. A. B.) 9 Acton (Eliza) • 2~ Barnett (S. A. and H.) 17 Buii(T.) • 28 Corbin (M.) • • 25 Adeane (j. H.)· 8 Baynes (T. S.) • 29 Burke (U. R.) • 3 Corbett (Julian S.) • 4 .IEschylus • 18 Beaconsfield (Earl of) 20 Burns (C. L.) • 29 Coutts (W.) • • 18 Ainger (A. C.) • • 12 Beaufort (Duke of) • ro, n Burrows (Montagu) 4 Coventry (A.) • • n Albemarle (Earl of)· 10 Becker (W. A.) 18 Butler (E. A.) • 24 Cox (Harding) • 10 Allen (Grant) 24 Beddard (F. E.) 24 -(Samuel)· • 18,20 Crake (Rev. A. D.) • 15 Amos (S.) 3 Beesly (A. H.) • 7 Crawford (J. H.) • 30 Anstey (F.) • ?" 20 Bell (Mrs. Hugh) • 19 Calder (J .) • • 29 Crei11hton (Bishop)· 4 Aristophanes • J • 18 Bent (]. Theodore) • 9 Cameron of Lochiel 12 Crozier(]. B.) • • 7, 14 Aristotle • • • 14 Besant (Sir Walter)· 3 Campbeli(Rev.Lewis) 18,32 Curzon of Kedleston . Arnold (Sir Edwin)· g,tg Bickerdyke U·l n, 12, 13 Camperdown (Earl of) 7 (Lord) • • • 4 -(Dr.T.) • 3 Birt (A.) • • . • 20 Cawthorne (Geo. Jas.) 13 C~stance (Col. H. 12 Ash bourne (Lord) 3 Blackburne IT. H.) • 13 Chesney (Sir G.) • 3 Cutts (Rev, E. L.) 4 Ashby (H.) • 28 Bland (Mrs. flubert) 20 Childe-Pemberton(W.S.~7 Ashley (W. J.)• • 3, 17 Boase (Rev. C. W.) • 4 Cholmondeley-Pennell Dallinger (F. W.) ·, 5 Ave bury (Lord) 17 Boedder (Rev. B.) • 16 (H.) • • • II Davidson (W, L.) xs, x6,32 Ayre (Rev. J.) • 25 Bosanquet (B.) • 14 Churchill(W. Spencer) 3, 20 Davies U• F.) • 18 Boyd (Rev. A. K. H.) 29, 32 Cicero • • • 18 Dent (C, T .) • 11 Bacon • • • 7, 14 Brassey (Lady) 9 Clarke (Rev. R. F.) • 16 De Salis (Mrs.) ·- 29 Baden-Powell (B. H.) 3 -(Lord) • • 12 Clodd (Edward) • 17,24 De Tocqueville (A.)· 4 Bagehot (W .) • 7, 17J 29 Bray (C.) • • • 14 Clutterbuck (W. J.) • 9 Devas (C. S.) • • 17 Bagwell (R.) • • '3 Bright (Rev. T. F.) • 3 Colenso (R. 1.) · 29 Dickinson (G. L.) 4 Bain (Alexander) 14 Broadfoot (M"ajor W.) ro Coleridge (S. T .) • 19 -(W.H.) • ... 30 Baker (SirS. W.) • 9, 10 Browning (H. Ellen) 9 Comparetti (D.) 30 Dougall (L.) 20 Balfour (A. j.) • n, 32 Bruce (R. I.) • 3 Conington (John) • 18 Dowden (E.) • 31 , INDEX OF AUTHORS AND EDJTORS-eontinued. . Pa,;e Page Page Page Doyle (A. Conan) • 21 Hume (David). 15 Mill (John Stuart) • IS, 17 Smith(W.P.Haskett) IO Du Bois (W. E. B.)· 5 Hunt (Rev. W.) 4 Milner (G.) • • 31 Somerville (E.) 23 Dufferin (Marquis of) 12 Hunter (Sir W.) • 5 Moffat (D.) • 13, 19 Sophocles x8 , Dunbar (Mary F.) • 20 Hutchinson (Horace G.) Monck (W, H. S.) • IS Soulsby (Lucy H.) 31 n, 13 Montague (F. C.) • 6 Souther. (R.) • 31 Ingelow (Jean) 19 Moon (G. W.) • 19 Spahr (C. B.) • 17 Ebrington (Viscount) 12 Ingram (T. D.) Ellis (I. H.) - 5 Moore (T.) • • 25 Spedding) J.J · - 7, 14 13 -(Rev. Edward) • 14 Stanlev (Bishop) 24 -(l'tL.) • I4 Morgan (C. Lloyd) • 17 -(Lady) 8 Evans (Sir John) 30 Jackson (A. W.) 8 Morris (Mowbray) - n Stebbing (W.) • 8, 23 jafie~ (~J. h ·d) 15 - (W.) :8, 19, 20, 22, 31 Steel (A. G.) - xo Farrar (Dean) - • x6, 21 :~li(Ger:;uJ!) : ~~ Mulhall (M. G.) 17 Stephen (Leslie) - ro Folkard (H. C.) 13 erome (] erome K.). 22 Stephens (H. Morse) 6 Ford (H.)· 13 ohnson (]. & J. H.) 30 Nansen (F.) 9 Stevens (R. W.) 31 - (W. J.) • • I3 jones (H. Bence) - 25 Nesbit (E.) 20 Stevenson (R. L.) -23,26 Fowler (Edith H.) 21 Jordan (W, L.) 17 Nettleship (R. L.) 15 Stock (St. George) • 15 Foxcroft (H. C.) 7 owett (Dr. B.) • I7 Newman (Cardinal)- 22 Storr (F.) - 14 Francis (Francis) 13 p W " Strong (S. A.) • 30 Francis (M. E.) 21 Joyce ( · .) • s, 22• 30 Stuart-Wortley(A.J.) u,12 Freeman (Edward A.) 4 ustinian : IS Onslow (Earl of) • II, 12 Stubbs U. W,)- - 6 Freshfield (D. W.) • u Osbourne (L) • 23 Suffolk & Berkshire

Froude(JamesA.)41 71 91 2I Kant(!.)-' • 15 (Earlof) II Furneaux (W.) • 24 Kaye (Sir J. W.) 5 Park (W.) 14 Sullivan (Sir E.) 12 Kelly (E.)- IS Payne-Gallwey (Sir Sully (James) - - I6 'Gardiner (Samuel R.) Kent (C. B. R.) 5 R.) • u, I4 Sutherland(A.andG.) 7 Gathorne·Hardy (Hon. Kerr (Rev. J.J - • 12 Pearson (C. H.) 8 -(Alex.) • x6, 31 Killick (Rev. A. H.) • IS Peek (Hedley) • II Suttner (B. von) 23 A. E.) • 12,13 Kingsley (Rose G.) - 30 Pemberton (W. S. Swinburne (A. J.J I6 ·Gibbons (1, S.) 12 Kitchin (Dr. G. W.) 4 Childe-) Symes (J. E.) • 17 ·Gibson (llon. H.) 13 Knight (E. F.)- • 9, 12 Pembroke (Earl of)- 12 -(C.H.) • 14 Kostlin (] .) - 8 Pennant (C. D.) I2 -(Hon. W.) 32 Taylor (Meadows) . • 7 'Gleig (Rev. G. R.) 8 Kristeller (P,) • 30 Phillipps-Wolley(C,) 10,22 Phillips (Mrs. Lionel) 6 -(Una) •. 23 Goethe - Ig Tebbutt (C. G.) I2 Going (C. B.) • - 25 Ladd (G. T.) • 15 P1tman (C. M.) IX Pleydell-Bouverie (E. 0.) I2 Terry (C. S.) • 8 Gore-Booth (Sir H. W.) II Lang (Andrew) 5, xo, u, 13, Pole (W.) • - I4 Thornhill (W. J.) xS Graham (P. A.) 13 17118,19,20,21 122,26,30 32 1 Pollock (W. H.) - n, 31 Todd (A.)· • 7 -(G.F.) 16 Lapsley (G. T.) • 5 Toynbee (A.) - • 17 Granby (Marquis of) I2 Lascelles (Hon. G.) Io, 12 Poole (W. H. and Mrs.) 29 Trevelyan (Sir G. 0.) 6, 7, 8 Grant (Sir A.) - • 14 Laurie (S. S.) - . - 5 Pooler (C. K.) • 20 Poore (G. V.) • 31 -(G. M.J • • 6,7 Graves (R. P .) • 8 Lawley (Hon. F.) • II Trollope (Anthony)- 23 Green (T. Hill) 15 (H. Pope (W. H.) • 12 Lear L. Sidney)· 29 Powell (E.) 6 Turner (.ti. G.) 31 Greene (E. B.)· 5 Lecky (W, E. H.) 5, 15, rg Tyndal1 (1,) • • 7, 10 Greville (C. C. F.) 4 Lees(]. A.) • • 9 Praeger (S. Rosamond) 26 Tyrrell (lt Y.) - IB Grose (T. H.) • 15 Leslie (T. E. Cliffe)· 17 Prevost (C.) • • u ·Gross (C.) 4, S Levett-Yeats (S.) • 22 Pritchett (R. T.) 12 Grove (F. C.) - u Lillie (A.)· 13 Proctor (R. A.) 14, 24, 28 Upton(F.K.and Bertha) 26 -(Mrs. Lilly) IX Lindley(] .J 25 Gurnhill (J .) • rs Loch (C. S.) - 30 Raine (Rev. ] ames) - 4 Van Dyke (j. C.) • 31 Gwilt (j.)- • 25 Lodge (H. C.) - 4 Rankin (R.) • • 2o Verney (Frances P. Loftie (Rev. W. J.)- 4 Ransome (Cyril) 3, 6 and Margaret M.) 8 Haggard (H. Rider). 21 30 Longman (C.J.) 10,,13, 30 Raymond (W.) • 22 Virgil IS H k (0) I -(F.W.) - • 13 Reader (Emily E.) - 23 a ~ . - . : • 12 -(G. H.) • • II, 12 Rhoades ( 1.) • • IS Hallnyell-Phllhpps(J.) 8 Lowell(,.\. L.). • 5 Ribblesdale (Lord) - 14 Wagner (R.) • 20 Hamhn (A. D. FJ • 30 I Lubbock (Sir John)· 17 Rice (S. P.) xo Wakeman (H. 0.) 7 Ham~ond (Mrs. J. H.) 4 ; Lucan • • • IS Rich (A.) • IS Walford (L. B.) ·4" 23 Hardmg (S. B.) • 5 Lutoslawski·(W.) xs Richardson (C.) • 10, 12 Wallas (Graham) 8 Hardy (A. Gathorne·) 12,13 L all (Edna) • Walpole (Sir Spencer) 7 Harte (Bret) - 2I Ly 1 H R H 22 Richter<[· Paul) • 3I Harting (j. E.). ytte ton ( on, . .) 10 Rickaby Rev. John) 16 Walrond (Col. H.) - Io 12 Walsingham (Lord)· II Hartwig (G.) • 24 - (Hon. A.) • I2 -(Rev. Joseph) • 16 Hassan (A.) Lytton (Earl of) • s. I9 Ridley (Sir E.)· • x8 Walter (J.) - • 8 7 Riley(}. W.) • 20 Ward (Mrs. W.) • 23 Haweis (H. R.) • 8, 30 Warwick (Countess of) 31 M;caulay (Lord) 6, Roget (Peter M.) • I61 25 Heath (D. D.) - 14 19 Watson (A. E. T .) xo, n, 12 Heathcote(]. M.) • 12 Macdonald (G.) 9 Romanes (G. J.) Webb (Mr. and Mrs. -(C.G.) • 12 - (Dr. G.) • • 19, 32 8, 15, 17, 20, 32 Sidney) 17 -(N.). 9 M f S. G A) -(Mrs.G.j.) - 8 . ac arren ( 1r . . 31 Ronalds (A.) • 14 - (T. E.) • r6, 19 Helmholtz (Hermann Mackail (f. W.) • 8, IS Roosevelt (T.). 4 Weber (A.) 16 von) • 24 Mackinnon (J.) 6 Ross (Martin) • 23 Weir (Capt. R.) n Henderson (Lieut· Macleod (H. D.) 17 West (B. B.) 23 Col. G. F.) Macpherson (Rev. H. A.)r2 Rossetti (Maria Fran· Weyman (Stanley) • 23 Henry (W.) - u Madden (D. H.) • 13 cesca) 3I Whately(Archbishop) q,r6 Magnusson (E.) Rowe (R. P. P.) II Henty (G. A.) - • 26 22 -(E. Jane) • 16 Herbert (Col. Kenney) I2 Maher (Rev. M.) 16 Russell (Lady)· 8 2 Whitelaw (R.) • 18 Herod (Richard S.) • 13 ~alleson (Col. G. B.) 5 ~ (R.) • 3 Wilcocks (j. C.) 14 Hiley (R. W.) • - 8 Mann (E. E.) • • zgl Wilkins (G.) • 18 Hillier (G. Lacy) ro Marbot (Baron de) • 8! Saintsbury (G.) 12 Willard (A. R.l 31 Hime (H. W. L.) • 18 Marshman (J. C.) • 8 Sandars (T. C.) 15 Williams (T.) • 7 Hodgson (Shadworth)IS, 30 Martineau (Dr. James) 32' Seebohm (F.). • 6, 8 Willich (C. M.) 25 Hoenig (F.) - - 30 Mason (A, E. W.) - 22l Selous (F. C.) • • 10,14 Witham (T. M.) 12 , Hogan

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Poetry and the Drama-contmued.

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Fietion, Humour, &e.

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Fiction, Humour, &e.--contz'nued.

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