(Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) and the Paleobiology of a Relict Order of Insects
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Antioxidant Effects of Schisandra Chinensis Fruits and Their Active Constituents
antioxidants Review Antioxidant Effects of Schisandra chinensis Fruits and Their Active Constituents Dalia M. Kopustinskiene 1 and Jurga Bernatoniene 1,2,* 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; [email protected] 2 Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) fruits, their extracts, and bioactive compounds are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders. S. chinensis fruit extracts and their active compounds are potent antioxidants and mitoprotectors exerting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti- cancer, and anti-aging effects. S. chinensis polyphenolic compounds—flavonoids, phenolic acids and the major constituents dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are responsible for the S. chinensis antioxidant activities. This review will focus on the direct and indirect antioxidant effects of S. chinensis fruit extract and its bioactive compounds in the cells during normal and pathological conditions. Keywords: Schisandra chinensis; lignan; schisandrin B; antioxidant; pro-oxidant; mitochondria Citation: Kopustinskiene, D.M.; 1. Introduction Bernatoniene, J. Antioxidant Effects Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) belongs to the Schisandraceae family. The plants of Schisandra chinensis Fruits and are native to northeastern China, Japan, Korea, Manchuria, and the Far East part of Russia. Their Active Constituents. Their purple-red berries are called five-flavor fruits because of the sweet, bitter, pungent, Antioxidants 2021, 10, 620. https:// salty, and sour taste [1–5]. S. -
Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 12-6-2019 Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features" (2019). Botanical Studies. 96. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/96 This Flora of the United States and North America is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLOWERING PLANT FAMILIES OF THE UNITED STATES GROUPED BY DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Second edition — 6 December 2019 The focus is on families of plants found in the conterminous United States, including ornamentals. The listing of a family is not meant to imply that every species has that feature. I am using a fewfamily names, such as Liliaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, in the traditional sense, because their limits remain unsettled. Parasitic on branches Dioscoreaceae -
Bay Star-Vine
Common Name: BAY STAR-VINE Scientific Name: Schisandra glabra (Brickell) Rehder Other Commonly Used Names: climbing-magnolia, magnolia-vine Previously Used Scientific Names: Schisandra coccinea Michaux Family: Schisandraceae (star-vine) Rarity Ranks: G3/S2 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: none Description: Woody vine, twining up trees and forming low thickets on the ground; bark is gray and bumpy on older vines. Leaves ¾ - 5 inches (2 - 13 cm) long and ⅜ - 3 inches (1 - 8 cm) wide, oval with tapering leaf bases, pointed tips, and widely spaced teeth along the margins; spicy-smelling when crushed. Leaf stalks up to ⅜ - 2¾ inches (1 - 7 cm) long. Female and male flowers are on the same plant, drooping on delicate stalks 1 - 2 inches (2.5 - 5 cm) long; both female and male flowers with 9 - 12 rounded, red and green tepals (petals + sepals). Female flowers with 6 - 12 pistils, male flowers with stamens embedded in a small, flattened disk. Fruit a round or oval, red berry, up to ⅜ inch (4 - 8 mm) wide and ½ inch (0.5 - 1.5 cm) long, dangling in small, loose bunches. Similar Species: Climbing hydrangea (Decumaria barbara) attaches to trees with many, hairy roots; its leaves are opposite, and its white flowers are in flat-topped clusters. Related Rare Species: None in Georgia. Habitat: Moist, deciduous hardwood forests, often with beech, usually on lower slopes, stream terraces, and floodplains. Life History: Bay starvine reproduces vegetatively – by rooting at the nodes of vines sprawling across the ground – and sexually. It is monoecious – male and female reproductive parts are in different flowers on the same plant. -
Characterization of Two PEBP Genes, Srft and Srmft, in Thermogenic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Characterization of two PEBP genes, SrFT and SrMFT, in thermogenic skunk cabbage Received: 09 March 2016 Accepted: 20 June 2016 (Symplocarpus renifolius) Published: 08 July 2016 Yasuko Ito-Inaba1, Hiromi Masuko-Suzuki2, Haruhiko Maekawa1,3, Masao Watanabe2 & Takehito Inaba3 Floral thermogenesis has been found in dozens of primitive seed plants and the reproductive organs in these plants produce heat during anthesis. Thus, characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering is required to fully understand the role of thermogenesis, but this aspect of thermogenic plant development is largely unknown. In this study, extensive database searches and cloning experiments suggest that thermogenic skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius), which is a member of the family Araceae, possesses two genes encoding phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP), FLOWERING LOCUS T (SrFT) and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (SrMFT). Functional analyses of SrFT and SrMFT in Arabidopsis indicate that SrFT promotes flowering, whereasSrMFT does not. In S. renifolius, the stage- and tissue-specific expression ofSrFT was more evident than that of SrMFT. SrFT was highly expressed in flowers and leaves and was mainly localized in fibrovascular tissues. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that, within floral tissues,SrFT was co-regulated with the genes associated with cellular respiration and mitochondrial function, including ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE gene proposed to play a major role in floral thermogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that, among the PEBP genes, SrFT plays a role in flowering and floral development in the thermogenic skunk cabbage. Floral thermogenesis has been found in dozens of flowering plants including basal angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae and Schisandraceae)1–4, magnoliids (Magnoliaceae)5–7, monocots (Araceae)8–10, and eudicots (Nelumbonaceae and Rafflesiaceae)10,11. -
Protelytroptera from the Upper Permian of Australia, with a Discussion of the Protocoleoptera and Paracoleoptera
PSYCHE Vol. 73 June, 966 No. 2 PROTELYTROPTERA FROM THE UPPER PERMIAN OF AUSTRALIA, WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE PROTO- COLEOPTERA AND PARACOLEOPTERA BY JARMILA KUKALOVA Charles University, Prague In the Tillyard collection o. Upper Permian insect.s rom Belmont, New South Wales (now in the British Museum o Natural History in London), there is a remarkable series o. extinct elytrophorous in- sects o the order Protelytroptera. The specimens belong to our families, all endemic to Australia so ar as known. Some o the genera, however, have ormerly been reerred to the "orders" Proto- coleoptera and Paracoleoptera, which were supposed to. represent the ancestors o true Coleoptera. The order Protelytroptera, one o the most diversified groups o hemimetabolous insects o extensive geographical distribution, has been ound so far in Permian strata o North America, Czechoslo- vakia, U.R.S.S. and Australia. Because o the striking similarity of their iore wings to those o beetles, the remarkable Australian ossils, Protocoleus and Permophilus. vere described by Tillyard (924) as primitive coleopteroids, Protocoleus being placed in a new order, Protocoleoptera, and Permophilus in the Coleoptera. Their phylo- genetic position has been repeatedly discussed in the literature. Although the protelytropterous character o Protocoleus was pointed out later by Tillyard I93 and Carpenter (I933), the systematic position o Permophilus has remained uncertain and in 953 it was assigned by Laurentiaux to another new order, Paracoleoptera. Nu- merous and well preserved specimens in the Tillyard collection in the British Museum have enabled me to recognize the orders Proto- 1Much of this research was done while the author was at the Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, 1964, under a National Science Founda- tio Grant (NSF GB-2038) to Professor Carpenter, to whom am grateful or help in the preparation of this paper. -
Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects Through Fifteen Years of Discovery
This is a repository copy of Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/88391/ Version: Published Version Article: Nicholson, David Blair, Mayhew, Peter John orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-6560 and Ross, Andrew J (2015) Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery. PLosOne. e0128554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128554 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ RESEARCH ARTICLE Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery David B. Nicholson1,2¤*, Peter J. Mayhew1, Andrew J. Ross2 1 Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ¤ Current address: Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom * [email protected] Abstract The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. -
Aniseed, Were Used As Traditional Medicine in China As Early As in the 5Th Century
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2019, 5 (3), 162-179; doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v5i3.43584 Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online) www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr Review Chinese star anise and anise, magic herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical science Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian1,2, Wenli Sun1,2 and Qi Cheng1,2* 1Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Qi Institute, Building C4, No.555 Chuangye Road, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China *Corresponding author: Qi Cheng, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 05 August 2019/Accepted: 08 September 2019/ Published: 30 September 2019 Abstract: Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine as well as traditional Asian medicine. The fruit is aromatic and has a strong, pungent and mildly sweet taste. Star anise is one of the many species that contain bioactive compounds as well as a number of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, having antioxidant, preservative and antimicrobial properties. All relevant papers in the English language from researchers of different countries were collected. The keywords of Chinese star anise, anise, traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical science were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and PubMed. Its seeds are good source of minerals like calcium, iron, copper, -
Dermaptera Hindwing Structure and Folding: New Evidence for Familial, Ordinal and Superordinal Relationships Within Neoptera (Insecta)
Eur. J. Entorno!. 98: 445-509, 2001 ISSN 1210-5759 Dermaptera hindwing structure and folding: New evidence for familial, ordinal and superordinal relationships within Neoptera (Insecta) Fabian HAAS1 and Jarmila KUKALOVÂ-PECK2 1 Section ofBiosystematic Documentation, University ofUlm, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department ofEarth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] Key words.Dermaptera, higher phylogenetics, Pterygota, insect wings, wing folding, wing articulation, protowing Abstract. The Dermaptera are a small order of insects, marked by reduced forewings, hindwings with a unique and complicated folding pattern, and by pincer-like cerci. Hindwing characters of 25 extant dermapteran species are documented. The highly derived hindwing venation and articulation is accurately homologized with the other pterygote orders for the first time. The hindwing base of Dermaptera contains phylogenetically informative characters. They are compared with their homologues in fossil dermapteran ancestors, and in Plecoptera, Orthoptera (Caelifera), Dictyoptera (Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera), Fulgoromorpha and Megaloptera. A fully homologized character matrix of the pterygote wing complex is offered for the first time. The wing venation of the Coleo- ptera is re-interpreted and slightly modified . The all-pterygote character analysis suggests the following relationships: Pterygota: Palaeoptera + Neoptera; Neoptera: [Pleconeoptera + Orthoneoptera] + -
Star Anise – Illicium Verum
Did You Know? Star anise – Illicium verum • The eight-pointed seed pod from an evergreen tree native to Southwest China and Vietnam, is the spice known as star anise. This small evergreen tree is in the magnolia family, Schisandraceae. • Star anise has been used in China for flavoring and medicine for over three thousand years. • The seed pods are harvested before ripening (green) and sun-dried, resulting in the rich brown color. • Both the seeds and the pods contain the flavor and are finely ground together. When used in recipes whole, they should be removed before serving. • It is one of the five spices in the blend, Chinese five-spice. • The deep licorice-like aroma has subtle sweet and herbal notes. • The flavor is used in sweet, spicy and savory dishes, including baked goods, chilled desserts, sauces, beverages and even red meats. • The liquors absinthe, Sambuca, and pastis all have infused star anise flavoring. • Though the flavor is similar, it is not related to anise seed. However, both plants have anethole, a compound responsible for the anise flavor in both seeds. • Historical medicinal uses included Chinese herbalists using star anise as a stimulant, an expectorant and to treat indigestion to European healers using it in teas for rheumatism and chewing the seed for indigestion. • Though there is now a synthetic way to manufacture it, star anise contains shikimic acid which is one of the primary components of the influenza-fighting drug Tamiflu. • Research continues on extracts from star anise, including testing antifungals and antimicrobial compounds. • According to Chinese folklore, finding a star anise with more than eight points was considered good luck. -
NPN Winter 2014.Spub
NATIVE PLANT NEWS the newsletter of the North Carolina Native Plant Society VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1 ISSN: 2151-2159 WINTER 2014 NCNPS Spring Trip 2014: May 16–18: Green Swamp & Lake BE PREPARED for an amazing Spring Trip in 2014, when we will visit some of North Carolina’s most fascinating habitats. Friday afternoon early arrivals will do some highway botanizing along Highways 130 and 17. The Friday night program will be at Lake Waccamaw State Park (1866 State Park Drive, Lake Waccamaw NC 28450), where Park Superintendent Toby Hall will introduce us to the soils and plants of Lake Waccamaw. Saturday David McAdoo, Mark Rose, Angie Carl, and Robert Thornhill will lead us exploring the Green Swamp, which The Nature Conservancy has called “a place unlike any other”. Among the plants we’re likely to see are Venus Fly-trap (Dionaea muscipula), three species of (each) pitcherplants, sundews, and Calopogon orchids; bladderworts, Goldencrest (Lophiola aurea), two species of Cleistes orchid, and much more. It will be a day to remember! The Saturday evening dinner and native plant auction will be at the NC Museum of Forestry (415 S. Madison Street, Whiteville NC 28472) in Whiteville. So start potting up those plants soon! Sunday morning we will visit Lake Waccamaw (1866 State Park Drive, Lake Waccamaw NC 28450), where the park ranger will give us a presentation and then we’ll botanize around the lake. We will wrap up by 1:00 p.m. We’ll be staying at the EconoLodge Hotel in Whiteville, at 503 J. L. Powell Blvd. -
Entomology I
MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I MZO-08 Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Entomology I Course Development Committee Chair Person Prof. Ashok Sharma Prof. L.R.Gurjar Vice-Chancellor Director (Academic) Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Coordinator and Members Convener SANDEEP HOODA Assistant Professor of Zoology School of Science & Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Members Prof . (Rtd.) Dr. D.P. Jaroli Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Reena Mathur Professor Emeritus Former Head Department of Zoology Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. S.C. Joshi Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. Maheep Bhatnagar Department of Zoology Mohan Lal Sukhadiya University University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Udaipur Prof. (Rtd.) Dr. K.K. Sharma Prof. M.M. Ranga Mahrishi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer Ajmer Dr. Anuradha Singh Dr. Prahlad Dubey Rtd. Lecturer Government College Head Department of Zoology Kota Government College , Kota Dr. Subrat Sharma Dr. Anuradha Dubey Lecturer Deputy Director Government College , Kota School of Science and Technology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota Dr. Subhash Chandra Director (Regional Center) VMOU, Kota Editing and Course Writing Editors Dr. Subhash Chandra SANDEEP HOODA Director ,Regional Center Assistant Professor of Zoology Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Vardhman Mahaveer Open University ,Kota Writers: Writer Name Unit No. Writer Name Unit No Ms. Asha Kumari Verma 3,5,8 Dr. Abhishek Rajpurohit 11,13 UGC-NET JRF Department of Assistant Professor Zoology, JNVU, Lachoo Memorial College Jodhpur of Science & Technology,Jodhpur Dr. Neetu Kachhawaha 1,2,4,6,7,12 Dr. Subhash Chandra 14,15 Assistant Professor, Director ,Regional Center Department of Zoology, Vardhman Mahaveer University of Rajasthan ,Jaipur. -
THE LOWER PERMIAN INSECTS of KANSAS. PART Io the ORDERS PRO'forthoptera and ORTHOPTERA by F. M.CARPENTER .Scribed, Mostly Ro.M
THE LOWER PERMIAN INSECTS OF KANSAS. PART Io THE ORDERS PRO'FORTHOPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA BY F. M. CARPENTER Harvard University The two preceding papers in this series dealt with representatives of seven closely related families of the Order Protorthoptera occurring in the Elmo limestone. The present paper treats additional families o more diverse relationships within that order and also covers several families of the Order Orthoptera. The problems involved in the systematics o the Palaeozoic orthop- tero[ds are intrinsically very great, mainly as a result of our frag- mentary knowledge of most species but also as a result of the variability of the venation within species. It was my belief more than twenty years ago (943, PP. 76-77) that the classification of the Palaeozoic orthopteroids as suggested by Handlirsch first and by NIartynov later was not realistic in the light of our knowledge at that time. Since then many additional orthopteroids have been de- .scribed, mostly ro.m the Lower and Upper Permian strata o the Soviet Union. These new fossils have added greatly to our knowl- edge o the early history of the orthopteroid complex. Through the Courtesy of Dr. B. B. Rohdendor, Arthropod Section, Palaeontolog- ical Institute, Academy o Sciences, in Moscow, I had the opportunity in 96 o.f studying both the undescribed and described material in the collection of the Institute; and o discussing with Dr. Sharov, Dr. Martynova, Dr. Bekker-Midisova and other staff members o.f the Institute various problems of insect evolution. I would be remiss, if I did not acknowledge at this time my gratitude to the.