Wisconsinan Inter-Lobal Stratigraphy in Three Quarries Near Woodstock

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wisconsinan Inter-Lobal Stratigraphy in Three Quarries Near Woodstock Document généré le 30 sept. 2021 11:04 Géographie physique et Quaternaire Wisconsinan Inter-Lobal Stratigraphy in Three Quarries Near Woodstock, Ontario Stratigraphie interlobaire du Wisconsinien dans trois carrières des environs de Woodstock, en Ontario Interloben-Stratigraphie in der Zeit des Wisconsin in drei Steinbrüchen in der Nähe von Woodstock, Ontario Dariusz Krzyszkowski et P. F. Karrow Volume 55, numéro 1, 2001 Résumé de l'article La zone interlobaire des lacs Huron et Érié peut être étudiée dans la région de URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/005657ar Woodstock. Trois grandes carrières de calcaire (Zorra, Beachville West et DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/005657ar Beachville East) offrent des coupes jusqu'à 30 m de haut dans du matériel détritique. La granulométrie, la teneur en carbonate, la couleur, la structure, la Aller au sommaire du numéro fabrique, la lithologie et la séquence, ainsi que le tracé continu des contacts et des changements de faciès, ont permis de reconnaître dix tills et les sédiments lacustres reliés en corrélation avec la stratigraphie déjà connue dans les Éditeur(s) régions avoisinantes. On a identifié quatre principaux événements glaciaires, dont trois du Wisconsinien supérieur. Trois langues de Till de Canning rouge Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal (âge inconnu) du lobe du lac Érié sont recouvertes par le Drift de Catfish Creek (deux langues de till d'écoulement sud-ouest) du Stade de Nissouri (22 à 17 ka). ISSN Des séquences de sédiments glaciaires et non glaciaires similaires et apparamment corrélatives à l'intérieur du complexe de Catfish Creek (membre 0705-7199 (imprimé) de Centreville), à Zorra et Beachville West, laissent supposer l'existence d'une 1492-143X (numérique) marge glaciaire de direction nord-ouest vers le sud-est. Recouvrant ces séquences, on trouve les sédiments glaciolacustres (couches de Rayside) de Découvrir la revue l'Interstade d'Érié (16 ka), le Till de Port Stanley du Stade de Port Bruce (15-14 ka) du lobe du lac Érié, les couches glaciolacustres de Zorra, le Till de Tavistock du Stade final de Port Bruce du lobe du lac Huron (trois langues) et enfin un Citer cet article épandage de retrait glaciaire (graviers de Dunn's Corner). La sédimentation glaciolacustre répétée entre les dépôts pourrait être associée à la diminution Krzyszkowski, D. & Karrow, P. F. (2001). Wisconsinan Inter-Lobal Stratigraphy glacioisostatique des gradients et aux marges glaciaires avoisinantes. in Three Quarries Near Woodstock, Ontario. Géographie physique et L'existence de conditions interlobaires au Catfish Creek est peu probable ; il y a Quaternaire, 55(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.7202/005657ar plutôt eu des récurrences locales de type lobaire par la suite. Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal,2001 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 2001, vol. 55, n° 1, p. 3-22, 11 fig., 2 tabl. WISCONSINAN INTER-LOBAL STRATIGRAPHY IN THREE QUARRIES NEAR WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO Dariusz KRZYSZKOWSKI and P.F. KARROW*, P.O. Box 202, PL-53-350, Wroclaw, Poland, and Department of Earth Sciences and Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1. ABSTRACT, 2001, vol. 55, n° 1, 11 fig., 2 tabl., 55(1), 2001D. KRZYSZKOWSKI and P.F. KARROW The Huron-Erie interlobate RÉSUMÉ Stratigraphie interlobaire du Wis- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Interloben-Strati- zone passes near Woodstock, Ontario. Three consinien dans trois carrières des environs de graphie in der Zeit des Wisconsin in drei Stein- large limestone quarries (Zorra, Beachville Woodstock, en Ontario. La zone interlobaire brüchen in der Nähe von Woodstock, Ontario. West, Beachville East) provide exposures up des lacs Huron et Érié peut être étudiée dans Drei große Kalkstein-Steinbrüche (Zorra, to 30 m high of the drift stratigraphy. Grain size, la région de Woodstock. Trois grandes carriè- Beachville West, Beachville East) liefern Auf- matrix carbonate, color, structure, fabric, lithol- res de calcaire (Zorra, Beachville West et Bea- schlüsse bis zu 30 m Höhe von der glazialen ogy, and sequence, along with continuous chville East) offrent des coupes jusqu’à 30 m Schotter-Stratigraphie. Korngröße, Matrix- tracing of contacts and facies changes, de haut dans du matériel détritique. La granu- Karbonat, Farbe, Struktur, Textur, Lithologie allowed recognition of ten tills and related lométrie, la teneur en carbonate, la couleur, la und Stadium zusammen mit der kontinuierli- water-laid sediments correlated with the structure, la fabrique, la lithologie et la chen Aufzeichung der Kontakte und Fazies- known stratigraphy in surrounding areas.Four séquence, ainsi que le tracé continu des con- Änderungen ließen 10 Tills und damit zusam- major glacial events are recognized, three of tacts et des changements de faciès, ont permis menhängende Seen-Sedimente erkennen, Late Wisconsinan age. Three tongues of red, de reconnaître dix tills et les sédiments lacus- die mit der bekannten Stratigraphie der Erie lobe Canning Till (unknown age) are over- tres reliés en corrélation avec la stratigraphie angrenzenden Gebiete korrelieren.Man lain by a Nissouri Stadial (22-17 ka) Catfish déjà connue dans les régions avoisinantes. On erkennt vier glaziale Hauptereignisse, drei Creek Drift complex (two till tongues, regional a identifié quatre principaux événements gla- davon aus der Zeit des Spät-Wisconsin.Drei southwest ice flow). Similar, apparently correl- ciaires, dont trois du Wisconsinien supérieur. Zungen roten Canning-Tills (Alter unbekannt) ative, glacial and non-glacial sediment Trois langues de Till de Canning rouge (âge von der Lobe des Erie-Sees sind von dem Cat- sequences within Catfish Creek Drift at Zorra inconnu) du lobe du lac Érié sont recouvertes fish Creek-Drift (zwei Till-Zungen, regionaler and Beachville West (Centreville Member) par le Drift de Catfish Creek (deux langues de Eisfluss nach Südwest) aus dem Nissouri-Sta- suggest a northwest-southeast-trending ice till d’écoulement sud-ouest) du Stade de Nis- dium (22-17 ka) überlagert. Ähnliche, offenbar margin. Overlying this are Erie Interstadial souri (22 à 17 ka). Des séquences de sédi- entsprechende glaziale und nichtglaziale (16 ka) glaciolacustrine sediments (Rayside ments glaciaires et non glaciaires similaires et Sediment-Stadien innerhalb des Catfish beds), Port Bruce Stadial (15-14 ka) Erie lobe apparamment corrélatives à l ’intérieur du com- Creek-Drifts bei Zorra und Beachville West Port Stanley Till, glaciolacustrine Zorra beds, plexe de Catfish Creek (membre de Centre- (Glied von Centreville) lassen auf einen von and final Port Bruce Stadial Huron lobe Tavis- ville), à Zorra et Beachville West, laissent Nordwesten nach Südosten gerichteten Eis- tock Till (three tongues), and deglacial out- supposer l’existence d’une marge glaciaire de saum schließen. Über diesem befinden sich wash (Dunn’s Corner gravels). Repeated direction nord-ouest vers le sud-est. Recou- glaziallimnische Sedimente (Schichten von glaciolacustrine sedimentation between tills vrant ces séquences, on trouve les sédiments Rayside) aus dem Erie-Interstadial (16 ka), may relate to glacioisostatically reduced gra- glaciolacustres (couches de Rayside) de Port Stanley-Till der Erie-Lobe aus dem Port dients and nearby ice lobe margins. There is l’Interstade d’Érié (16 ka), le Till de Port Stan- Bruce-Stadial (15-14 ka), glaziallimnische little evidence of Catfish Creek interlobate con- ley du Stade de Port Bruce (15-14 ka) du lobe Schichten von Zorra, Till von Tavistock des ditions and only independent lobal glacial du lac Érié, les couches glaciolacustres de Endstadials von Port Bruce der Lobe des advances later. Zorra, le Till de Tavistock du Stade final de Port Huron-Sees (drei Zungen) und schließlich Bruce du lobe du lac Huron (trois langues) et Anschwemmung von glazialem Rückzug (Kie- enfin un épandage de retrait glaciaire (graviers sel von Dunn's Corner). Wiederholte glazial- de Dunn’s Corner). La sédimentation glacio- limnische Sedimentierung zwischen den Tills lacustre répétée entre les dépôts pourrait être könnte mit der Abnahme der glazioisostati- associée à la diminution glacioisostatique des schen Gefälle und den nahe gelegenen Säu- gradients et aux marges glaciaires avoisinan- men der Eislobe zusammenhängen. Es gibt tes. L’existence de conditions interlobaires au wenig Beweise für die Existenz von Catfish Catfish Creek est peu probable ; il y a plutôt eu Creek-Interloben-Bedingungen. Es gab eher des récurrences locales de type lobaire par la später unabhängige glaziale Rückvorstöße suite. des Loben-Typs. Manuscrit reçu le 8 mai 2000 ; manuscrit révisé accepté le 23 mai 2001 * E-mail address: [email protected] 4 D. KRZYSZKOWSKI and P.F. KARROW INTRODUCTION Hydrogeological concern over water resources and groundwater protection has stimulated an upsurge of atten- tion to interlobate glaciofluvial deposits in southern Ontario. The Oak Ridges moraine, formed between the Simcoe and Ontario lobes in the northern Greater Toronto
Recommended publications
  • Ontario's Greenbelt
    Ontario’s Greenbelt: Acres of Possibility Burkhard Mausberg Ontario’s Greenbelt turns 12 years old in 2017. At two million acres, it’s the world’s largest peri-urban protected area. The Greenbelt Act and Plan were passed with much fanfare in 2005, and while there was some loud opposition from certain affected landowners and municipalities, the plan received significant backing from conservationists and planning experts. Since its inception, the Greenbelt has enjoyed huge public approval: it is consistently the provincial government’s most popular environmental initiative, garnering more than 90% support. The Greenbelt addressed a growing frustration with land use planning in the Greater Toronto Area: Ontarians asked for better regional planning. They recognized the negative impacts of poor development and the loss of greenspace and farmland. But the Greenbelt’s roots go back longer than the last dozen years—to the mid-1970s, in fact, when Premier Bill Davis protected the Niagara Escarpment. Aside from creating Niagara Falls, the escarpment is known for its rich biodiversity, centuries-old cedar trees, and unique cliff ecology. Declared a UNESCO biosphere reserve, the Niagara Escarpment includes Great Lakes coastlines, woodlands, limestone alvar, oak savannahs, conifer swamps, and other signature features. Together these diverse habitats contain a premier level of species variety among Canadian biosphere reserves, including more than 300 bird species, 55 mammals, 36 reptiles and amphibians, and 90 fish varieties. In 2001, Ontario’s Premier Mike Harris declared the Oak Ridges Moraine protected from development. The premier understood that the moraine is an ecologically important landform, created by receding glaciers during the last ice age.
    [Show full text]
  • Buried Bedrock Valleys and Glacial and Subglacial Meltwater Erosion in Southern Ontario, Canada
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232806604 Buried bedrock valleys and glacial and subglacial meltwater erosion in Southern Ontario, Canada Article in Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · May 2011 DOI: 10.1139/E10-104 CITATIONS READS 3 100 1 author: Cunhai Gao Ontario Geological Survey 22 PUBLICATIONS 149 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Cunhai Gao Retrieved on: 02 August 2016 801 Buried bedrock valleys and glacial and subglacial meltwater erosion in southern Ontario, Canada Cunhai Gao Abstract: Morphometric features from a recently compiled bedrock topography map by the Ontario Geological Survey sug- gest a glacial erosion origin for the buried large bedrock valleys and troughs in southern Ontario. The bedrock valleys at Milverton, Wingham and Mount Forest are tunnel valleys, resulting from subglacial meltwater erosion beneath the Huron ice lobe, probably during or shortly after the Late-Wisconsinan glacial maximum. Diagnostic features for this interpretation include abrupt valley beginning and termination, uneven longitudinal valley profiles and up-slope gradients. The Dundas bedrock valley is the western extension of the Lake Ontario Basin. No comparable bedrock valleys were found to connect it to the Milverton valley for a joint drainage system as previously suggested. The Laurentian bedrock trough is the southeast- ward extension of the Georgian Bay Basin, both developed along shale bedrock between the Precambrian shield highlands and the Niagara Escarpment, resulting from long-term mechanical weathering associated with Pleistocene glacial erosion. This bedrock low has a floor that exceeds 50 km in width and is 26 m and more below the current water level of Georgian Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Energizing the Oak Ridges Moraine?
    Energizing the Oak Ridges Moraine? Analyzing the policy implications of three wind energy developments on the Oak Ridges Moraine and their potential impact on the Coordinated Land Use Planning Review through the involvement of First Nations and environmental non-governmental organizations Joanna Salsberg School of Urban and Regional Planning Queen’s University Energizing the Oak Ridges Moraine? Analyzing the policy implications of three wind energy developments on the Oak Ridges Moraine and their potential impact on the Coordinated Land Use Planning Review through the involvement of First Nations and environmental non- governmental organizations Joanna Salsberg A report submitted to the School of Urban and Regional Planning at Queen’s University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban and Regional Planning Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada July, 2016 Copyright © Joanna Salsberg, 2016 Cover Images: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. (2016). Watershed features. Retrieved from https://trca.ca/conservation/watershed-management/duffins-carruthers-creek/watershed-features/. Davis, G. (2015). Appeal of snowy ridge wind park underway. Retrieved from http://www.chextv.com/2015/07/22/32563/. Mendleson, R. (2013). Environmentalists split on green energy projects. Retrieved from http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/08/05/environmentalists_split_on_green_energy_projects.html. Executive Summary Ontario’s diverse provincial land use plans have been operating collectively to manage growth, encourage agriculture, and protect significant landscapes within the region for a little over a decade. Currently, these plans are being updated through the Coordinated Land Use Planning Review, creating an opportune moment to reflect on the plans’ histories and accomplishments, as well as determine a direction for their shared futures.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter One the Vision of A
    Oak Ridges Trail Association 1992 - 2017 The Vision of a Moraine-wide Hiking Trail Chapter One CHAPTER ONE The Oak Ridges Moraine is defined by a sub-surface geologic formation. It is evident as a 170 km long ridge, a watershed divide between Lake Ontario to the south and Lake Simcoe, Lake Scugog and Rice Lake to the north. Prior to most THE VISION OF A MORAINE-WIDE HIKING TRAIL being harvested, Red Oak trees flourished along the ridge – hence its name. Appended to this chapter is an account of the Moraine’s formation, nature and Where and What is the Oak Ridges Moraine? history written by two Founding Members of the Oak Ridges Trail Association. 1 Unlike the Niagara Escarpment, the Oak Ridges Moraine is not immediately observed when travelling through the region. During the 1990s when the Oak The Seeds of the Vision Ridges Moraine became a news item most people in the Greater Toronto Area had no idea where it was. Even local residents and visitors who enjoyed its From the 1960s as the population and industrialization of Ontario, particularly particularly beautiful landscape characterized by steep rolling hills and substantial around the Golden Horseshoe from Oshawa to Hamilton grew rapidly, there was forests had little knowledge of its boundaries or its significance as a watershed. an increasing awareness of the stress this placed on the environment, particularly on the congested Toronto Waterfront and the western shore of Lake Ontario. The vision of a public footpath that would span the entire Niagara Escarpment - the Bruce Trail - came about in 1959 out of a meeting between Ray Lowes and Robert Bateman of the Federation of Ontario Naturalists.
    [Show full text]
  • Glacilacustrine Environment of Part of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern
    Document generated on 10/02/2021 12:20 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Glacilacustrine environment of part of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Southern Ontario Le mileu glaciolacustre d’une partie de la Moraine d’Oak Ridge, dans le sud de l’Ontario Glaziallimnische Umwelt eines Teils der Oak Ridge-Moränen im Süden von Ontario Robert Gilbert Volume 51, Number 1, 1997 Article abstract Glacilacustrine sediments in a 112 m core recovered from the Oak Ridges URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004824ar Moraine near Vandorf, Ontario are used to assess the environment at the time DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/004824ar of deposition. Varves in the upper 23.7 m are of two types: thinner (20-110 mm) varves in groups of 29 and 23 at two levels. These are dominated by deposition See table of contents of silt in summer, with lesser amounts of laminated silts and sands representing turbidity current deposition. Thicker (0.18-1.02 m) varves at the base and top of the deposit as well as in a group of 27 between the thin varves Publisher(s) have a greater fraction in summer of coarser sediment deposited from gravity flows. Winter deposits of both are dominated by the clay- size fraction and Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal most show at least one parting of silt or sand associated with periods of increased meltwater inflow during winter. Carbonate content varies from ISSN 25-55 % with the highest proportion in the thinner deposits in winter and in the summer deposits of thin varves.
    [Show full text]
  • Oak Ridges Moraine: Southern Ontario's Sponge
    THE CANADIAN ATLAS ONLINE ONTARIO – GRADE 6 Oak Ridges Moraine: Southern Ontario's Sponge Lesson Overview Students will examine the location and the importance of the Oak Ridges Moraine and investigate ongoing conflicts concerning its development. Grade Level 7/8 Time Required Approx. 80 minutes (one or two periods) Curriculum Connection Ontario Geography Grade 7 Themes of Geographic Inquiry - investigate current local, national, or global environmental issues and events to extend their understanding of these themes (in geography) Natural Resources - demonstrate an understanding that people use renewable, non- renewable and flow resources in a variety of ways to meet their needs. Link to Canadian National Geographic Standards: Essential Element #5 (Grades 6 to 8) - Environment and Society • Effects of human modification of the physical environment • Limits and opportunities of the physical environment for human activities • Watershed management Essential Element #6 (Grades 6 to 8) - the Uses of Geography • Role of multiple points of view on contemporary policies and issues Geography Skill # 1 (Grades 6 to 8) - Asking Geographic Questions • Identify geographic issues, define geographic problems and pose geographic questions. Geography Skill # 2 (Grades 6 to 8) - Acquiring Geographic Information • Use maps to collect and/or compile geographic information The Canadian Atlas Resources Pg. 26-27 - Mixedwood Plains map – see Oak Ridges Moraine on the map and in the text box. Canadian Council for Geographic Education 1 THE CANADIAN ATLAS ONLINE ONTARIO – GRADE 6 Additional Resources, Materials and Equipment • 2 desks, 2 empty pails, 1 container of water, 1 tablespoon, 1 paper towel, 4 one cm cubes, 1 tablespoon • The Canadian Atlas • Computer lab with internet access and printer • Outline map of Southern Ontario where Oak Ridges Moraine could be located and indicated • Oak Ridges Moraine website - www.stormco.org • Oak Ridges Trail Association website - www.interlog.com/~orta • McDougall, Bruce: ”Watershed Down,” Canadian Geographic Magazine - Nov/Dec 2001 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Humber River: the 10-Year Monitoring Report for the Canadian Heritage Rivers System October 2009 Lower Humber Valley, Toronto, TRCA, 2008
    THE HUMBER RIVER: THE 10-YEAR MONITORING REPORT FOR THE CANADIAN HERITAGE RIVERS SYSTEM October 2009 Lower Humber Valley, Toronto, TRCA, 2008 THE HUMBER CHALLENGE Our challenge is to protect and enhance the Humber River watershed as a vital and healthy ecosystem where we live, work and play in harmony with the natural environment. GUIDING PRINCIPLES To achieve a healthy watershed, we should: • Increase awareness of the watershed’s resources • Protect the Humber River as a continuing source of clean water • Celebrate, regenerate, and preserve our natural, historical and cultural heritage • Increase community stewardship and take individual responsibility for the health of the Humber River • Establish linkages and promote partnerships among communities • Build a strong watershed economy based on ecological health, and • Promote the watershed as a destination of choice for recreation and tourism The Humber River: The 10-Year Monitoring Report for the Canadian Heritage Rivers System i FRAGMENT: THE VALLEY Like a sweet wine flowing from the glass, the Humber of my boyhood years! First the stretch of the river valley as I knew it best, running south from Dundas Street to my beloved stone marvel of the Old Mill Bridge, a scant mile to the south, not forgetting to count a quarter-mile jog to the east halfway down to heighten the wonderment. What force of ten million years’ cunning erosion, the relentless path of an awkward giant carving out for himself great steps one by one as he strides on and on, thirsty now for a great cold draught of Lake Ontario water! What sheer-climbing cliffs with the history of planet Earth carved in each layer of shale reaching up a hundred feet from the shining valley floor, the littered rocks of the river ….
    [Show full text]
  • Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (2017)
    Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (2017) BLEED OAK RIDGES MORAINE CONSERVATION PLAN (2017) May 2017 Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (2017) Table of Contents Introduction 1 Context 1 About the Oak Ridges Moraine 3 Authority to Establish the Plan 3 Purpose of the Plan 3 The Vision for the Oak Ridges Moraine 4 Plan Objectives 4 Land Use Designations 4 Some Key Land Use Policies 5 How to Read this Plan 8 How to Use this Plan 9 Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan Regulation (Ontario Regulation 140/02) 12 Part I General 12 1. Plan 12 2. Application 12 3. Definitions 12 4. Date of commencement of application 24 5. Prohibition 24 6. Existing uses, buildings and structures 24 7. Previously authorized single dwelling 25 8. Building or structure previously authorized or authorized under s. 17 (1) of Act 26 9. Exception, site plan approval 26 Part II Land Use Designations 27 10. Division of Plan Area, land use designations 27 11. Natural Core Areas 28 12. Natural Linkage Areas 29 13. Countryside Areas 30 14. Residential development in certain parts of Countryside Areas 33 15. New lots in Countryside Areas 34 16. Plans of subdivision, site plan approval and lot creation in Countryside Areas 34 17. Previously authorized uses, buildings and structures in Countryside Areas 35 18. Settlement Areas 36 Part III Protecting Ecological and Hydrological Integrity 38 19. Purpose and application 38 20. Supporting connectivity 38 Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan (2017) | iii Table of Contents 21. Minimum area of influence and minimum vegetation protection zone 38 Key Natural Heritage Features 39 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 04 Jackson
    Jackson New Caribou Fossil Records from Rice Lake 55 New Caribou Fossil Records from Rice Lake, South-Central Ontario: Radiocarbon Evidence and Middle Holocene Climatic Change Lawrence J. Jackson This paper discusses three new radiocarbon dates on fossil caribou bones from Rice Lake, Ontario, and their possible environmental implications. Three specimens identified by Howard Savage, of the University of Toronto, and Richard Harington, of the Canadian Museum of Civilization, indicate a middle Holocene caribou presence in this area of south-central Ontario. One specimen, previously reported as a possible Late Pleistocene record (cf. Pavlish and Alcock [1984] on Webb Bay), is radiocarbon-dated several thousand years later in the middle Holocene. Zonal pollen in Rice Lake cores suggests the principal occurrence of these dated Rice Lake caribou during a Hypsithermal warming between about 7,000 and 3,000 years B.P. The lack of fossil material for the late glacial period (terminal Pleistocene) is believed to correlate with the cur- rent inaccessibility of depositional environments due to flooding of ancient Rice Lake shorelines. The local presence of Early Palaeo-Indian sites, on the other hand, is highly suggestive of the presence of caribou at this time. The apparent absence of caribou during the early and late Holocene, as well as lack of evidence for their human exploitation throughout the Holocene, requires explanation. Introduction by a geologist during hillside cottage excavation. Dr. Howard Savage, of the University of Toronto Rice Lake is a 26 km long, narrow post-glacial Faunal Laboratory, identified this specimen as lake basin that connects the Kawartha Lakes with the left calcaneum of an adult caribou (Rangifer the Trent River and Lake Ontario.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Area Master Plan
    Conservation Area Master Plan October 2011 A Bruce’s Mill Conservation Area Master Plan 1.0 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................... iv 6.3 Existing Regional and Local Trail Systems ......... 44 Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................1 6.3.1 Existing Regional Trails .............................. 44 1.1 Overview ........................................................ 1 6.3.2 Existing Local Trails .................................. 45 1.2 Context ........................................................... 1 6.4 Proposed Trail Systems ................................... 45 1.2.1 TRCA’s Terrestrial Natural Heritage 6.4.1 Bruce’s Mill Trail ....................................... 47 System Strategy.......................................... 2 6.4.2 Forest Trail - Short .................................... 47 1.2.2 Rouge River Watershed Plan ........................ 4 6.4.3 Forest Trail - Long ..................................... 47 1.2.3 TRCA and Conservation Lands ..................... 5 6.4.4 Lookout Trail ............................................ 48 1.3 Study Process ................................................. 5 6.4.5 Wagon Trail .............................................. 48 1.3.1 The Advisory Committee .............................. 6 6.4.6 Sugar Shack Trail ...................................... 48 1.3.2 Public Consultation ..................................... 6 6.4.7 Butterfly Meadow Trail .............................. 48 1.4 Location,
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Chronology of the Northwestern Outlet of Glacial Lake Agassiz, Northeastern Alberta
    Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and chronology of the Northwestern Outlet of glacial Lake Agassiz, northeastern Alberta by Joseph M. Young A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta © Joseph M. Young, 2018 Abstract Lake Agassiz was dammed on the retreating southern and western margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the end of the last Ice Age. Periodic discharges of freshwater from the lake basin have been implicated in altering oceanic circulation and impacting global climate. Meltwater from a rapid decrease in lake level at the start of the Moorhead Phase has been hypothesized as the initiation mechanism for the Younger Dryas cold reversal (~12.9 to 11.5 ka yr BP). However, the timing and routing of this event is still disputed, as there is evidence for both easterly and northwestward drainage during this time. This thesis presents a twofold contribution to understanding the timing, dynamics, and significance of glacial Lake Agassiz meltwater centred on the Moorhead Phase. Radiocarbon data pertaining to the Moorhead and subsequent Emerson Phases from the Lake Agassiz basin was collated and assessed using manual and statistical filters to vet the dataset. Approximately one third of existing dates were found to be inadequate chronological constraints. A Bayesian model was then applied to the filtered dataset to produce refined age ranges for the start and end of each lake phase. The modelled onset of the Moorhead Phase suggests a lack of contemporaneity to the onset of the Younger Dryas. We suggest further high-quality radiocarbon dates are needed in the Lake Agassiz basin to more robustly constrain lake dynamics during this time.
    [Show full text]
  • Gy (Alpine Variety) • Erosive Features GY 301: Geomorphology • Depositional Features
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA Last Time Glacial Geomorphology (alpine variety) • Erosive features GY 301: Geomorphology • Depositional features Lecture 23: Glacial Geomorphology 2: Continental Glaciers http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/etext/hoosier/image/rm-01.jpg Alpine Glaciers and Erosion Alpine Glaciers and Erosion When alpine glaciers form and advance, significant changes to When alpine glaciers form and advance, significant changes to the terrain will occur the terrain will occur Before Glaciation During Glaciation http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/arete.html http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/arete.html Alpine Glaciers and Erosion Alpine Glaciers and Erosion Head area features Toe area features •Cirques •U-shaped valleys •Arêtes •Truncated spurs •Horns •Hanging valleys •Tarns •Pater Noster lakes http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/ghayes/Tuolumne_Meadows_Field_Trip_files/image024.jpg http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/ghayes/Tuolumne_Meadows_Field_Trip_files/image024.jpg 1 Alpine Glaciers and Deposition Today’s Lecture In alpine settings, most till is deposited in linear Glacial Geomorphology (Continental variety) deposits called moraines • Continental glaciers today and in the past • Erosive features •Lateral moraine • Depositional features •Medial moraines •Terminal moraines •Recessional moraines Types of Glaciers Continental Glaciers • Alpine: rivers of ice that flow through valleys to • Thick ice masses actually lower elevations depress the lithosphere • Continental: large ice masses that cover significant below sea level portions of continents and are a mile or more thick • Currently only 2 large continental glaciers exist: the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (but there are a few smaller ice caps; e.g., Baffin Island) http://opa.yale.edu/images/articles/6449-E-Oice.jpg Ice Shelves The Ice Age • Large portions of • 18,000 years ago, the continental glaciers that last glacial maximum are floating in the covered all of Canada oceans and a good chunk of Europe in a continental glacier.
    [Show full text]