Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity, Second Edition - Peter R
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Chapter 1-1 Introduction
Glime, J. M. 2017. Introduction. Chapt. 1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored 1-1-1 by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 25 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-1 INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Thinking on a New Scale .................................................................................................................................... 1-1-2 Adaptations to Land ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1-3 Minimum Size..................................................................................................................................................... 1-1-5 Do Bryophytes Lack Diversity?.......................................................................................................................... 1-1-6 The "Moss".......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1-7 What's in a Name?............................................................................................................................................... 1-1-8 Phyla/Divisions............................................................................................................................................ 1-1-8 Role of Bryology................................................................................................................................................ -
Spirogyra and Mougeotia Zornitza G
Volatile Components of the Freshwater AlgaeSpirogyra and Mougeotia Zornitza G. Kamenarska3, Stefka D. Dimitrova-Konaklievab, Christina Nikolovac, Athanas II. Kujumgievd, Kamen L. Stefanov3, Simeon S. Popov3 * a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113. Bulgaria. Fax: ++3592/700225. E-mail: [email protected] b Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria c Institute of Soil Sciences and Agroecology, “N. Pushkarov”, Sofia 1080, Bulgaria d Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 55c, 495-499 (2000); received February 4/March 13, 2000 Antibacterial Activity, Mougeotia, Spirogyra, Volatile Compounds Several species of freshwater green algae belonging to the order ZygnematalesSpirogyra ( crassa (Ktz.) Czurda, S. longata (Vauch.) Ktz., and Mougeotia viridis (Ktz.) Wittr.) were found to have a specific composition of the volatile fraction, which confirms an earlier pro posal for the existence of two groups in the genusSpirogyra. Antibacterial activity was found in volatiles from S. longata. Introduction and Hentschel, 1966). Tannins (Nishizawa et al., 1985; Nakabayashi and Hada, 1954) and fatty acids While the chemical composition and biological (Pettko and Szotyori, 1967) were also found in activity of marine algae have been studied in Spyrogyra sp. Evidently, research on chemical depth, freshwater algae have been investigated composition of Spirogyra and Mougeotia species less intensively, especially those belonging to Zyg- is very limited, especially on their secondary me nemaceae (order Zygnematales). The most nu tabolites, which often possess biological activity. merous representatives of this family in the Bul The volatile constituents of Zygnemaceae algae garian flora are generaSpirogyra, Mougeotia and are of interest, because such compounds often Zygnema, which inhabit rivers and ponds. -
Systema Naturae∗
Systema Naturae∗ c Alexey B. Shipunov v. 5.802 (June 29, 2008) 7 Regnum Monera [ Bacillus ] /Bacteria Subregnum Bacteria [ 6:8Bacillus ]1 Superphylum Posibacteria [ 6:2Bacillus ] stat.m. Phylum 1. Firmicutes [ 6Bacillus ]2 Classis 1(1). Thermotogae [ 5Thermotoga ] i.s. 2(2). Mollicutes [ 5Mycoplasma ] 3(3). Clostridia [ 5Clostridium ]3 4(4). Bacilli [ 5Bacillus ] 5(5). Symbiobacteres [ 5Symbiobacterium ] Phylum 2. Actinobacteria [ 6Actynomyces ] Classis 1(6). Actinobacteres [ 5Actinomyces ] Phylum 3. Hadobacteria [ 6Deinococcus ] sed.m. Classis 1(7). Hadobacteres [ 5Deinococcus ]4 Superphylum Negibacteria [ 6:2Rhodospirillum ] stat.m. Phylum 4. Chlorobacteria [ 6Chloroflexus ]5 Classis 1(8). Ktedonobacteres [ 5Ktedonobacter ] sed.m. 2(9). Thermomicrobia [ 5Thermomicrobium ] 3(10). Chloroflexi [ 5Chloroflexus ] ∗Only recent taxa. Viruses are not included. Abbreviations and signs: sed.m. (sedis mutabilis); stat.m. (status mutabilis): s., aut i. (superior, aut interior); i.s. (incertae sedis); sed.p. (sedis possibilis); s.str. (sensu stricto); s.l. (sensu lato); incl. (inclusum); excl. (exclusum); \quotes" for environmental groups; * (asterisk) for paraphyletic taxa; / (slash) at margins for major clades (\domains"). 1Incl. \Nanobacteria" i.s. et dubitativa, \OP11 group" i.s. 2Incl. \TM7" i.s., \OP9", \OP10". 3Incl. Dictyoglomi sed.m., Fusobacteria, Thermolithobacteria. 4= Deinococcus{Thermus. 5Incl. Thermobaculum i.s. 1 4(11). Dehalococcoidetes [ 5Dehalococcoides ] 5(12). Anaerolineae [ 5Anaerolinea ]6 Phylum 5. Cyanobacteria [ 6Nostoc ] Classis 1(13). Gloeobacteres [ 5Gloeobacter ] 2(14). Chroobacteres [ 5Chroococcus ]7 3(15). Hormogoneae [ 5Nostoc ] Phylum 6. Bacteroidobacteria [ 6Bacteroides ]8 Classis 1(16). Fibrobacteres [ 5Fibrobacter ] 2(17). Chlorobi [ 5Chlorobium ] 3(18). Salinibacteres [ 5Salinibacter ] 4(19). Bacteroidetes [ 5Bacteroides ]9 Phylum 7. Spirobacteria [ 6Spirochaeta ] Classis 1(20). Spirochaetes [ 5Spirochaeta ] s.l.10 Phylum 8. Planctobacteria [ 6Planctomyces ]11 Classis 1(21). -
Origin and Evolution of Lycopods ""'"'Ill{
Origin and evolution of lycopods C. G. K. Ramanujam Ramanujam CGK 1992. Origin and evolution of lycopods. Palaeobotanist 41 51·57. The lycopods are known from as early as Sieginean Stage of the Lower Devonian. Lower and Middle Devonian lycopods were all herbaceous. Arborescent taxa appeared by Upper Devonian (e.g., Cyclostigma and Lepidosigillaria). The microphyllous foliage of lycopods seem to have originated from enations as well as telomic trusses. The lycopods auained peak of their evolution during the Upper Carboniferous. Towards the close of the Carboniferous and dawn of the Permian, with gradual dWindling and disappearance of swamps, the lepidodendrids suffered drastic decline numerically and phytogeographically. General aridity of the Triassic resulted in acute dwarfing as evidenced by Pleuromeia. This trend continued funher resulting in the highly telescoped Nathorstiana during the Cretaceous. The earlier lycopods were homosporous; heterospory appeared by Upper Devonian. Heterospory ran rampant in the Lepidodendrales. The ultimate in heterospory and the approach to seed habit could be witnessed in Lepidocarporz. Four discrete types of strobilus organization could be recognized by the Lower Carboniferous, viz., 1. Lepidostrobus type, 2. Mazocarpon type, 3. Achlamydocarpon type, and 4. Lepidocarpon type. Recent studies point towards the origin of lycopods along rwo different pathways, with both Zosterophyllopsida and Rhyniopsida representing the progenirors All available evidence show that Lycopsida constitutes a "Blind Alley" -
The Chloroplast Rpl23 Gene Cluster of Spirogyra Maxima (Charophyceae) Shares Many Similarities with the Angiosperm Rpl23 Operon
Algae Volume 17(1): 59-68, 2002 The Chloroplast rpl23 Gene Cluster of Spirogyra maxima (Charophyceae) Shares Many Similarities with the Angiosperm rpl23 Operon Jungho Lee* and James R. Manhart Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, U.S.A. A phylogenetic affinity between charophytes and embryophytes (land plants) has been explained by a few chloro- plast genomic characters including gene and intron (Manhart and Palmer 1990; Baldauf et al. 1990; Lew and Manhart 1993). Here we show that a charophyte, Spirogyra maxima, has the largest operon of angiosperm chloroplast genomes, rpl23 operon (trnI-rpl23-rpl2-rps19-rpl22-rps3-rpl16-rpl14-rps8-infA-rpl36-rps11-rpoA) containing both embryophyte introns, rpl16.i and rpl2.i. The rpl23 gene cluster of Spirogyra contains a distinct eubacterial promoter sequence upstream of rpl23, which is the first gene of the green algal rpl23 gene cluster. This sequence is completely absent in angiosperms but is present in non-flowering plants. The results imply that, in the rpl23 gene cluster, early charophytes had at least two promoters, one upstream of trnI and another upstream of rpl23, which partially or completely lost its function in land plants. A comparison of gene clusters of prokaryotes, algal chloroplast DNAs and land plant cpDNAs indicated a loss of numerous genes in chlorophyll a+b eukaryotes. A phylogenetic analysis using presence/absence of genes and introns as characters produced trees with a strongly supported clade contain- ing chlorophyll a+b eukaryotes. Spirogyra and embryophytes formed a clade characterized by the loss of rpl5 and rps9 and the gain of trnI (CAU) and introns in rpl2 and rpl16. -
Phylogenetic Placement of Botryococcus Braunii (Trebouxiophyceae) and Botryococcus Sudeticus Isolate Utex 2629 (Chlorophyceae)1
J. Phycol. 40, 412–423 (2004) r 2004 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.03173.x PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE) AND BOTRYOCOCCUS SUDETICUS ISOLATE UTEX 2629 (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1 Hoda H. Senousy, Gordon W. Beakes, and Ethan Hack2 School of Biology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK The phylogenetic placement of four isolates of a potential source of renewable energy in the form of Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing and of Botryococcus hydrocarbon fuels (Metzger et al. 1991, Metzger and sudeticus Lemmermann isolate UTEX 2629 was Largeau 1999, Banerjee et al. 2002). The best known investigated using sequences of the nuclear small species is Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing. This organism subunit (18S) rRNA gene. The B. braunii isolates has a worldwide distribution in fresh and brackish represent the A (two isolates), B, and L chemical water and is occasionally found in salt water. Although races. One isolate of B. braunii (CCAP 807/1; A race) it grows relatively slowly, it sometimes forms massive has a group I intron at Escherichia coli position 1046 blooms (Metzger et al. 1991, Tyson 1995). Botryococcus and isolate UTEX 2629 has group I introns at E. coli braunii strains differ in the hydrocarbons that they positions 516 and 1512. The rRNA sequences were accumulate, and they have been classified into three aligned with 53 previously reported rRNA se- chemical races, called A, B, and L. Strains in the A race quences from members of the Chlorophyta, includ- accumulate alkadienes; strains in the B race accumulate ing one reported for B. -
Embryophytic Sporophytes in the Rhynie and Windyfield Cherts
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences http://journals.cambridge.org/TRE Additional services for Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Embryophytic sporophytes in the Rhynie and Windyeld cherts Dianne Edwards Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences / Volume 94 / Issue 04 / December 2003, pp 397 - 410 DOI: 10.1017/S0263593300000778, Published online: 26 July 2007 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0263593300000778 How to cite this article: Dianne Edwards (2003). Embryophytic sporophytes in the Rhynie and Windyeld cherts. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 94, pp 397-410 doi:10.1017/S0263593300000778 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/TRE, IP address: 131.251.254.13 on 25 Feb 2014 Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 94, 397–410, 2004 (for 2003) Embryophytic sporophytes in the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts Dianne Edwards ABSTRACT: Brief descriptions and comments on relationships are given for the seven embryo- phytic sporophytes in the cherts at Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. They are Rhynia gwynne- vaughanii Kidston & Lang, Aglaophyton major D. S. Edwards, Horneophyton lignieri Barghoorn & Darrah, Asteroxylon mackiei Kidston & Lang, Nothia aphylla Lyon ex Høeg, Trichopherophyton teuchansii Lyon & Edwards and Ventarura lyonii Powell, Edwards & Trewin. The superb preserva- tion of the silica permineralisations produced in the hot spring environment provides remarkable insights into the anatomy of early land plants which are not available from compression fossils and other modes of permineralisation. -
Ordovician Land Plants and Fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee
PROOF The Palaeobotanist 68(2019): 1–33 The Palaeobotanist 68(2019): xxx–xxx 0031–0174/2019 0031–0174/2019 Ordovician land plants and fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee GREGORY J. RETALLACK Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. *Email: gregr@uoregon. edu (Received 09 September, 2019; revised version accepted 15 December, 2019) ABSTRACT The Palaeobotanist 68(1–2): Retallack GJ 2019. Ordovician land plants and fungi from Douglas Dam, Tennessee. The Palaeobotanist 68(1–2): xxx–xxx. 1–33. Ordovician land plants have long been suspected from indirect evidence of fossil spores, plant fragments, carbon isotopic studies, and paleosols, but now can be visualized from plant compressions in a Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian or 460 Ma) sinkhole at Douglas Dam, Tennessee, U. S. A. Five bryophyte clades and two fungal clades are represented: hornwort (Casterlorum crispum, new form genus and species), liverwort (Cestites mirabilis Caster & Brooks), balloonwort (Janegraya sibylla, new form genus and species), peat moss (Dollyphyton boucotii, new form genus and species), harsh moss (Edwardsiphyton ovatum, new form genus and species), endomycorrhiza (Palaeoglomus strotheri, new species) and lichen (Prototaxites honeggeri, new species). The Douglas Dam Lagerstätte is a benchmark assemblage of early plants and fungi on land. Ordovician plant diversity now supports the idea that life on land had increased terrestrial weathering to induce the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event in the sea and latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) -
An Unrecognized Ancient Lineage of Green Plants Persists in Deep Marine Waters1
J. Phycol. 46, 1288–1295 (2010) Ó 2010 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00900.x AN UNRECOGNIZED ANCIENT LINEAGE OF GREEN PLANTS PERSISTS IN DEEP MARINE WATERS1 Frederick W. Zechman2,3 Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, 2555 East San Ramon Ave, Fresno, California 93740, USA Heroen Verbruggen,3 Frederik Leliaert Phycology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Matt Ashworth University Station MS A6700, 311 Biological Laboratories, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Mark A. Buchheim Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA Marvin W. Fawley School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, Arkansas 71656, USA Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA Heather Spalding Botany Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA Curt M. Pueschel Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901, USA Julie A. Buchheim, Bindhu Verghese Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA and M. Dennis Hanisak Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA We provide molecular phylogenetic evidence that Key index words: Chlorophyta; green algae; molec- the obscure genera Palmophyllum Ku¨tz. and Verdigel- ular phylogenetics; Palmophyllaceae fam. nov.; las D. L. Ballant. et J. N. Norris form a distinct and Palmophyllales ord. nov.; Palmophyllum; Prasino- early diverging lineage of green algae. These pal- phyceae; Verdigellas; Viridiplantae melloid seaweeds generally persist in deep waters, Abbreviations: AU, approximately unbiased; BI, where grazing pressure and competition for space Bayesian inference; ML, maximum likelihood; are reduced. -
CONTROL of CELL DIVISION in the FILAMENTOUS, GREEN ALGA ZYGNEMA by Robert Dale Staker a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the D
Control of cell division in the filamentous green alga Zygnema Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Staker, Robert Dale, 1945- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 05:42:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318132 CONTROL OF CELL DIVISION IN THE FILAMENTOUS, GREEN ALGA ZYGNEMA by Robert Dale Staker A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE WITH A MAJOR IN BOTANY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 S STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. -
The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D. -
Permian–Triassic Non-Marine Algae of Gondwana—Distributions
Earth-Science Reviews 212 (2021) 103382 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Review Article Permian–Triassic non-marine algae of Gondwana—Distributions, natural T affinities and ecological implications ⁎ Chris Maysa,b, , Vivi Vajdaa, Stephen McLoughlina a Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden b Monash University, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, 9 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The abundance, diversity and extinction of non-marine algae are controlled by changes in the physical and Permian–Triassic chemical environment and community structure of continental ecosystems. We review a range of non-marine algae algae commonly found within the Permian and Triassic strata of Gondwana and highlight and discuss the non- mass extinctions marine algal abundance anomalies recorded in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian extinction interval Gondwana (EPE; 252 Ma). We further review and contrast the marine and continental algal records of the global biotic freshwater ecology crises within the Permian–Triassic interval. Specifically, we provide a case study of 17 species (in 13 genera) palaeobiogeography from the succession spanning the EPE in the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. The affinities and ecological im- plications of these fossil-genera are summarised, and their global Permian–Triassic palaeogeographic and stra- tigraphic distributions are collated. Most of these fossil taxa have close extant algal relatives that are most common in freshwater, brackish or terrestrial conditions, and all have recognizable affinities to groups known to produce chemically stable biopolymers that favour their preservation over long geological intervals.