INTENSIVE LAKE SU~VFY of ROUND VALLEY RESERVOIR CLINTON, NEW JERSEY LAKES M.I\NAGEMENT PROGRAM DIVISION of WATER RESOURCES NE1'l
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INTENSIVE LAKE SU~VFY OF ROUND VALLEY RESERVOIR CLINTON, NEW JERSEY LAKES M.I\NAGEMENT PROGRAM DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES NE1'l JERSEY DEPARTHENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION March 1979 written by: Kenneth 1\'agner sample collection: Dorjs Cone biological analvsis: Kenneth Wagner coordinating supervisor: Robert Kotch l PREFACE The Division's Bureau of Water Quality Planning and Management initiated its intensive lake survey program during the spring of 1977. These surveys are an outgrowth of the on-going lake in ventory and classification program. Fifteen (15) lakes were surveyed, primarily based on priorities established by"208u Areawide Planning Programs. Those selected included an urban lake, suburban and rural 'lakes, and reservoirs. The trophic _status of these lakes ranges from oligotrophic to highly -eutrophic. These surveys were designed to determine lake dynamics and trophic conditions, utilizing field observations, nutrient concentrations and biological analyses and indices. Point and non~point sources of nutrients are differentiated and quantified wherever possible. Recommendations are made regarding the control of excessive nutrient loading and methods for lake rehabilitation. The intensive lake surveys were performed during a one (l) year period. Samples were taken monthly at lake inlets and outlets, from all point sources in the watersheds, and upstream from all discharges. In-lake surface and bottom samples (where appropriate) were taken during the spring, summer and autu~n. Analyses were conducted for physical, chemical, bacteriological and other biological parameters. Surveys on these diversified lake ecosystems will aid ''2os'' planning groups in developing their areawide water resources management plans, provide basic input to facilities planning, and will assist local communities in their quest for funding under the Federal Clean Lakes Program. A second group of thirty (30) lake surveys is scheduled to begin during December, 1978. Surveys such as these play an integral part in achieving the goals of the Clean Water Act of 1977 and provide a basic tool to the citizens of this state for obtaining high quality water for recreation and water supply uses. Robert J. Kotch, Supervisor Lakes Management Program R-l0:Al3:H TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface -------------------------------------------------- i Introduction --------------------------------------------- 1 Methods -------------------------------------------------- 3 Glossary ------------------------------------------------- 4 General Information -------------------------------------- 8 Sampling Stations ---------------------------------------- 11 Flow Related Data ---------------------------------------- 12 Higher Plants -------------------------------------------- 13 Fish Populations ----------------------------------------- 14 Discussion ----------------------------------------------- 27 Chemical/Physical Parameters --------------------------- 27 Bacteriological Parameters ----------------------------- 29 Botanical Parameters ----------------------------------- 29 Water Quality Indices Employed ------------------------- 30 Conclusions ---------------------------------------------- 32 Possible Action Alternatives ----------------------------- 34 Re.commendation ------------------------------------------- 35 Bibliography --------------------------------------------- 36 · ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Round Valley Reservoir and Vicinity ------- 9 Figure 2 Land Use, Depth Contours and Sampling Stations ---------------------------------- 10 Figure 3&4 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Profiles For Round Valley Reservoir ---------------- 21 TABLES Tables 1 a-f Biological/Chemical Parameter Values ------ 15 Tables 2 a-b Biological/Chemical Averages 3 a-b Ranges and Totals ------------------------- 23 APPENDICES Appendix A Algal Data -------------------------------- 40 Appendix B Parameter Values in Relation to Water Quality ----------------------------------- 46 l'.ppendix C 1977-78 Intensive Survey Lakes ------------ 48 1 I N T R 0 D U C T I 0 N Round Valley Reservoir, a State owned facility, was completed in 1965 and was designed to supply potable water for northeastern New Jersey. Water from the reservoir has not been used for that purpose yet, and the reservoir has functioned mainly as a recreational facility. Swimming, boating, fishing, camping and picnicking are the major recreational uses of the reservoir and surrounding park Hmd. The reservoir was formed by building dikes or earthen dams at possible outlet areas along the horseshoe-shaped Cushetunk ~ountain, and then filling the resulting bowl with water pumped from the Raritan River. Water also enters the reservoir from precipitation and as runoff~rom surrounding park land, but the annual contribution from these sources is not very significant in terms of the total water volume of the reservoir. Water may leave the reservoir through controlled outlets that feed into Prescott Brook and the South Branch of the Rockaway Creek, and via th.e 11hi tehouse Station Distribution Intake Pipe (potable water intake). Several studies have been done in attempts to monitor water quality and mark the progression of events in the establishment of an aquatic equilibrium in the reservoir. Initial water quality was poor, but substantial improvement has occurred. This study was intended to confirm these water quality improvements and generally characterize the present state of the reservoir. - 2 - In order to characterize this aquatic system and define the causes of its present condition, a one-year study was conducted by the Lakes Management Program, Division of Water Resources. This study included the monitoring of biological, chemical and physical parameters for the reservoir, along with the collection of other pertinent information about the system. The data is summarized in chart or fact sheet form, followed by a discussion of the results. Conclusions are then drawn, and recommendations made. Additional information is contained in the appendices. 3 Methods Samples were taken monthly at all lake inlets and outlets (or as close as possible to the inlet or outlet). Additional samples were taken at any known point-source discharges within the water shed. Measurements of certain physical and chemical parameters were made in the field, ·along with qualitative observations. Algal analysis was carried out at the New Jersey Department of ~nvironmental Protection Scotch Road Laboratories, while chemical and bacteriological analyses were performed by the New Jersey Department of Health Laboratories in Trenton. Three times during the year (summer, fall, and spring) in-lake samples were taken by boat, and some additional measurements were made {Secchi disk readings, depth, dissolved oxygen profile, temperature, and chemical parameters at vertical intervals). This data was incorporated into the overall analysis where appropriate. Additional special samples were taken if necessary, usually involving qualitative analysis of various parameters. This data was generally used to supplement the monthly sample results. Additional data was obtained by contacting appropriate agencies or individuals, such as Municipal Offices, United States Geological Survey, or other state offices. 4 Glossary ( Aphotic Zone dark zone, below the depth to which light pen- etrates. Generally equated with the zone in which most photosynthetic algae can not survive, due to the light deficiency. Bloom excessively large standing crop of algae, usually visible to the naked eye. Chlorophyll - photosynthetic pigment found in most plants, gener ally proportional in quantity to the plant biomass present. Chlorophyte green algae, algae of the division Chlorophyta. Chrysophyte golden or yellow-green algae, algae of the divi- sion Chrysophyta. Cryptophyte algae of variable pigment concentration, with various other unusual features. Algae of the division Cryptophyta, which is often placed under other taxonomic divisions. Cyanophyte bluegreen algae, algae of the division Cyanophyta. ( Deoxygenation depletion of oxygen in an area, used often to describe possible hypolimnetic conditions. Diatom specific type of chrysophyte, having a siliceous frustule (shell) and often elaborate ornamentation, commonly found in great variety in fresh or saltwaters. Often placed in its own division, the Bacillariophyta. Dinoflagellate unicellular algae, usually motile, having pigments similar to diatoms and certain unique features. More commonly found in saltwater. Algae of the division Pyrrhophyta. Dystrophic trophic state of a lake in which large quantities of nutrients may be present, but are generally unavail able (due to organic binding or other causes) for primary production. Often associated with acid bogs. Epilimnion upper layer of a stratified lake. Layer that is mixed by wind and has a higher average temperature than the hypolimnion. Roughly approximates the euphotic zone. Euglenoid algae similar to green algae in pigment composition, but with certain unique features related to food storage l and cell wall structure. Algae of the division Euglenophyta. 5 Eutrophic high nutrient, high productivity trophic state generally associated with unbalanced ecological condi tions and poor water quality. Eutrophication process by which a body of water ages, most often passing from a low nutrient concentration, low productivity stage to a high nutrient concentration, high productivity stage. Eutrophication is a long-term natural process, but it can be greatly accelerated by man's activities. Eutrophication