DOCSLIB.ORG

“El Ejercicio Físico,Una Contramedida En Condiciones De Micro-Gravedad”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“El Ejercicio Físico,Una Contramedida En Condiciones De Micro-Gravedad” Universidad Fasta Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación - Educación a distancia Licenciatura de Educación Física “El ejercicio físico,una contramedida en condiciones de micro-gravedad” Alumno: Carlos Damián Quiñenao Director del trabajo final: Lic. Juan Armando Lofrano Trabajo final presentado para acceder al título de Licenciado en Educación Física, se autoriza su publicación en el repositorio digital de la Universidad Fasta Mar del plata Mayo 2015 Dedicatoria. A toda mi familia, quien siempre me ha acompañado y me inculco el valor de estudiar. Agradecimientos. A mi gran amiga y colega, la Licenciada Romina Casado, quien supo acompañarme en toda la carrera. A Sebastián Musso y al Licenciado Juan Lofrano por ayudarme en la realización del trabajo final. Tabla de contenido Introducción ............................................................................................................................ 1 Problema y antecedentes ........................................................................................................ 3 Objetivos ................................................................................................................................. 6 Capitulo 1. Marco teórico ....................................................................................................... 7 Definiciones conceptuales ...................................................................................................... 7 Definición de gravedad ........................................................................................................ 7 Definición de micro-gravedad ............................................................................................. 9 Definición de ingravidez ................................................................................................... 10 Definición de caída libre.................................................................................................... 11 Adaptaciones fisiológicas en micro-gravedad ...................................................................... 14 Postura corporal en micro-gravedad .................................................................................. 16 Adaptaciones del musculo esquelético .............................................................................. 23 Adaptación cardiovascular ................................................................................................ 36 Cambios en la redistribución sanguínea y los fluidos .................................................... 40 Regulación del volumen y composición del fluido corporal .......................................... 45 Lactato sanguíneo en microgravedad ............................................................................ 54 Frecuencia cardíaca en microgravedad .......................................................................... 54 Desmineralización ósea ..................................................................................................... 57 Adaptaciones del aparato respiratorio ............................................................................... 62 Consumo máximo de O2 .................................................................................................. 68 Termorregulación corporal en micro-gravedad ................................................................. 70 Demandas fisiológicas de las EVA ................................................................................... 73 Peso y composición corporal ............................................................................................. 75 Adaptaciones en órganos internos y otros ......................................................................... 78 Adaptaciones psicológicas, sociales y neuro-comportamentales ..................................... 87 Medicina aeroespacial y fisiología gravitacional ................................................................. 89 Medicina aeroespacial .......................................................................................................... 90 Fisiología gravitacional ........................................................................................................ 93 Reseña histórica de la Fisiología gravitacional .................................................................... 98 Programa Vostok soviética ................................................................................................ 99 Proyecto Mercury EE.UU ............................................................................................... 100 Programa Voskhod soviética ........................................................................................... 101 Proyecto Géminis EE.UU ............................................................................................... 101 Programa Soyuz soviético .............................................................................................. 102 Proyecto Apollo EE.UU .................................................................................................. 102 Programa Salyut soviético .............................................................................................. 103 Programa Skylab EE.UU ................................................................................................ 105 Programa Mir soviético .................................................................................................. 106 Programa Spacelab EE.UU ............................................................................................ 107 Estación espacial internacional ...................................................................................... 110 La importancia del ejercicio en el espacio.......................................................................... 110 Reseña histórica del ejercicio en el espacio........................................................................ 114 Programa Géminis ........................................................................................................ 117 Programa Apollo ........................................................................................................... 118 Skylab ............................................................................................................................ 119 Programa transbordador .............................................................................................. 127 Programa Mir ................................................................................................................ 128 Estación espacial internacional .................................................................................... 129 Medios para contrarrestar los efectos de la microgravedad ............................................... 131 Trajes para mantener la condición física ............................................................................ 132 Traje braslet .................................................................................................................... 132 Traje chibis ...................................................................................................................... 133 Traje kentvar ................................................................................................................... 135 Traje penguin ................................................................................................................... 136 Lower Body negative pressure ........................................................................................ 136 Maquinaria para la realización del ejercicio ....................................................................... 138 Dispositivo interino de ejercicio de resistencia (IRED) .................................................. 139 Dispositivo de ejercicio de resistencia de avanzada (ARED) ......................................... 141 Cinta de correr con sistema de aislamiento de vibraciones (TVIS) ................................ 147 Ciclo-ergómetro con sistema de aislamiento de vibraciones (CVIS) .............................. 149 Sistema de ejercicio e investigación de atrofia muscular (MARES) ............................... 152 Dispositivo de ejercicio de volante (FWED) ................................................................... 154 Periodización del entrenamiento ........................................................................................ 156 Protocolo de la NASA ...................................................................................................... 161 Protocolo de la CSA ........................................................................................................ 166 Protocolo de la FKA ........................................................................................................ 168 Protocolo de la ESA ........................................................................................................ 170 Protocolo de la JAXA ..................................................................................................... 172 Teorías de la prescripción del ejercicio en micro-gravedad ............................................... 174 Nuevas estudios y tendencias para el desarrollo del ejercicio en el espacio ...................... 178 Concepto avanzado de ejercicio ...................................................................................... 178 Nuevos programas de ejercicio........................................................................................ 182 Uso de gravedad
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Robert Thirsk Fulfilled a Dream
    SUMMER 2020 PRICE: $4.95 Unsung heroes of the public service are working long hours to issue COVID-relief cheques. PAGE 12 How to avoid the latest Internet and phone scams as fraudsters amp up their efforts. PAGE 16 A SPACE OF OUR OWN Astronaut Robert Thirsk wants Canada to share his dream of the universe. One of just 10 Canadians who've been to space, he shares his story and offers some first-hand tips on surviving COVID-19 isolation. PAGE 6 PM40065047 HOW ROBERT THIRSK FULFILLED A DREAMThe astronaut is one of just 10 Canadians who’ve been to space. MARK CARDWELL FEATURE As a young boy growing up in the early 1960s in Powell River, a piece of advice for young people? Get out British Columbia city that was then famous for having the largest of your comfort zone, “stretch yourself mentally, emotionally and even spiritually.” pulp and paper mill on the planet, Bob Thirsk says he never gave The 66-year-old also co-leads a research much thought to the limitless expanse of outer space far above team of International Space University the city’s smoke-grey skies, nor the fact that humans were alumni, whose members are investigating the beginning to journey there on space-age rockets. effects of space flight on neuroperception, and is a board member of Vancouver’s LIFT But that all changed the day his Grade 3 his insights on everything from the harsh Philanthropy Partners. teacher at Grief Point Elementary School realities of life in space and the challenges brought a radio into the classroom and let her of space travel to the conscious-altering students listen to a live broadcast of American impacts of being in space and the drive and LIFE’S EARLY LESSONS astronaut John Glenn as he circled the Earth determination required to make it there.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Academic Year 2018-2019
    REPORT ON THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019 International Space University The International Space University, founded in 1987 in Massachusetts, US and now headquartered in Stras- bourg, France, is the world’s premier international space education institution. It is supported by major space agencies and aerospace organizations from around the world. The graduate level programs offered by ISU are dedicated to promoting international, interdisciplinary and intercultural cooperation in space activities. ISU offers the Master of Science in Space Studies program at its Central Campus in Strasbourg. Since the summer of 1988, ISU conducts the highly acclaimed two-month Space Studies Program at different host institutions in locations spanning the globe and more recently the Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program. ISU programs are delivered by over 100 ISU faculty members in concert with invited industry and agency experts from institutions around the world. Since its founding, 30 years ago, more than 4800 students from over 109 countries graduated from ISU. Contact Info: 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini Parc d’Innovation 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France [email protected] Phone: +33-3-88-65-54-30 Fax: +33-3-88-65-54-47 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Page 1 1. Summary and Key Figures Page 2 2. Master of Space Studies - MSS19 Page 3 3. Research and Start-Up Support Page 11 4. Library Page 15 5. Space Studies Program - SSP19 Page 16 6. Southern Hemisphere Space Studies Program - SHSSP19 Page 26 7. Commercial Space Course - CSP19 Page 29 8. Short Courses Page 30 9. Our Alumni Page 31 10. Special Events Page 33 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter
    Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter Pierre J. Bertrand,1 Savannah L. Niles,2 and Dava J. Newman1,3 turn back now would be to deny our history, our capabilities,’’ said James Michener.1 The aerospace industry has successfully 1 Man-Vehicle Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astro- commercialized Earth applications for space technologies, but nautics; 2Media Lab, Department of Media Arts and Sciences; and 3 human space exploration seems to lack support from both fi- Department of Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of nancial and human public interest perspectives. Space agencies Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. no longer enjoy the political support and public enthusiasm that historically drove the human spaceflight programs. If one uses ABSTRACT constant year dollars, the $16B National Aeronautics and While space-based technologies for Earth applications are flourish- Space Administration (NASA) budget dedicated for human ing, space exploration activities suffer from a lack of public aware- spaceflight in the Apollo era has fallen to $7.9B in 2014, of ness as well as decreasing budgets. However, space exploration which 41% is dedicated to operations covering the Internati- benefits are numerous and include significant science, technological onal Space Station (ISS), the Space Launch System (SLS) and development, socioeconomic benefits, education, and leadership Orion, and commercial crew programs.2 The European Space contributions. Recent robotic exploration missions have
    [Show full text]
  • Astronauts Return to Earth on Russian Spacecraft 18 March 2010
    Astronauts return to Earth on Russian spacecraft 18 March 2010 NASA said that as members of the Expedition 21 and 22 crews, the two presided over the completion of the US segment of the space station. The Russian-US duo had been high above Earth for 169 days, blasting off into space on September 30, 2009 and docking with the ISS on October 2, according Russia's mission control. Until December 1, Surayev and Williams had worked as flight engineers in a crew that also included Belgian Frank De Winne, Canadian Robert Thirsk and Russian Roman Romanenko. Astronauts work outside the International Space Station, After Winne, Thirsk and Romanenko left, Williams February 2010. A Russian spacecraft carrying a Russian cosmonaut and a US astronaut back from the ISS has assumed command of the ISS, which had been landed in Kazakhstan, mission control in Moscow said manned by just two people until three more crew members arrived on December 23. The three current inhabitants -- Russia's Oleg A Russian cosmonaut and a US astronaut returned Kotov, Soichi Noguchi of Japan and US astronaut to Earth on Thursday from the International Space Timothy Creamer -- will man the ISS until the arrival Station (ISS) after 169 days in space, mission of a new spacecraft, the Soyuz TMA-18, whose control in Moscow said. launch is planned for April 2. "The crew of the Souyz TMA-16 craft is on Earth," The ISS, which orbits 350 kilometres (220 miles) it said in a statement, after Jeffrey Williams of the above Earth, is a sophisticated platform for United States and Russia's Maxim Surayev scientific experiments, helping test the effects of touched down after five-and-a-half months long-term space travel on humans, a must for any together on the ISS.
    [Show full text]
  • HUMAN ADAPTATION to SPACEFLIGHT: the ROLE of FOOD and NUTRITION Second Edition
    National Aeronautics and Human Space Administration Adaptation to Spaceflight: The Role of Food and Nutrition Second Edition Scott M. Smith Sara R. Zwart Grace L. Douglas Martina Heer National Aeronautics and Space Administration HUMAN ADAPTATION TO SPACEFLIGHT: THE ROLE OF FOOD AND NUTRITION Second Edition Scott M. Smith Grace L. Douglas Nutritionist; Advanced Food Technology Lead Scientist; Manager for Nutritional Biochemistry Manager for Exploration Food Systems Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Space Food Systems Laboratory Biomedical Research and Human Systems Engineering and Environmental Sciences Division Integration Division Human Health and Performance Human Health and Performance Directorate Directorate NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas USA Houston, Texas USA Sara R. Zwart Martina Heer Senior Scientist; Nutritionist; Deputy Manager for Nutritional Program Director Nutritional Sciences Biochemistry IU International University of Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory Applied Sciences Biomedical Research and Bad Reichenhall, Germany Environmental Sciences Division & Human Health and Performance Adjunct Professor of Nutrition Physiology Directorate Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences NASA Johnson Space Center University of Bonn, Germany Houston, Texas USA & Preventive Medicine and Population Health University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas USA Table of Contents Preface .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 5 Space Exploration
    TOPIC 8 People in Space There are many reasons why all types of technology are developed. In Unit 5, you’ve seen that some technology is developed out of curiosity. Galileo built his telescope because he was curious about the stars and planets. You’ve also learned that some technologies are built to help countries fight an enemy in war. The German V-2 rocket is one example of this. You may have learned in social stud- ies class about the cold war between the United States and the for- mer Soviet Union. There was no fighting with guns or bombs. However, these countries deeply mistrusted each other and became very competitive. They tried to outdo and intimidate each other. This competition thrust these countries into a space race, which was a race to be the first to put satellites and humans into space. Figure 5.57 Space shuttle Atlantis Topic 8 looks at how the desire to go into space drove people to blasts off in 1997 on its way to dock produce technologies that could make space travel a reality. with the Soviet space station Mir. Breaking Free of Earth’s Gravity Although space is only a hundred or so kilometres “up there,” it takes a huge amount of energy to go up and stay up there. The problem is gravity. Imagine throwing a ball as high as you can. Now imagine how hard it would be to throw the ball twice as high or to throw a ball twice as heavy. Gravity always pulls the ball back to Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Era of International Space Station Utilization Table of Contents
    Perspectives on Strategy From International Research Leaders The Era of International Space Station Utilization Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Scientifi c Disciplines and Potential 7 Gravity-dependent Processes in the Physical Sciences 7 Fundamental Physics 9 Gravity-dependent Processes in the Life Sciences 10 Human Health Research 12 Psychology and Space Exploration 14 Earth and Space Observations 15 Exploration and Technology Development 16 Commercial Development 17 Education 18 Space Agency Perspectives 21 Biographical Sketches 35 Notes and References 40 Editorial Board Canadian Space Agency: Nicole Buckley, Perry Johnson-Green European Space Agency: Martin Zell Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency: Tai Nakamura Roscosmos: George Karabadzhak, Igor Sorokin National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Tara Ruttley, Ken Stroud Italian Space Agency: Jean Sabbagh Managing Editor Tracy L. Thumm, NASA Executive Editor Julie A. Robinson, NASA Astronaut Peggy Whitson looks at the plants grown in the Advanced AstrocultureTM (ADVASC) green house. Image: NASA ISS005E08001 The Era of International Space Station Utilization Manfred Dietel Charité Berlin, Germany Berndt Feuerbacher International Astronautical Federation, France Vladimir Fortov Joint Institute for High Temperature Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia David Hart University of Calgary, Canada Life Sciences Advisory Committee, Canadian Space Agency Charles Kennel Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA Space Studies Board, National Academy of Sciences, USA Oleg Korablev Space Research
    [Show full text]
  • STS-128/ISS-17A Quick-Look Data CBS News Spacecalc CBS News Spacecalc STS-128/ISS-20 Crew Data
    STS-128/ISS-17A Quick-Look Data CBS News SpaceCalc STS-128/ISS-20 Crew Data CBS News SpaceCalc Position/Age Astronaut/Flights Family/TIS DOB/Seat Shuttle Hardware and Flight Data Position/Age Astronaut/Flights/Education Fam/TS DOB/Seat Home/BKG Hobbies/notes Commander USMC Col. Frederick Sturckow M/? 08/11/61 STS Mission STS-128 (flight 128) Commander USMC Col. Frederick Sturckow M/? 08/11/61 Lakeside, Calif. Flying and physical 48 3: STS-88,105,117 37.7 * Up-1/Dn-1 Orbiter Discovery (37th flight) Age: 48 3: STS-88,105,117 37.7 * Up-1/Dn-1 Desert Storm training; > 4,790 hours Pilot Kevin Ford, Ph.D. M/2 07/07/60 Payload MPLM, ATA, crew rotation Bachelor's in mechanical engineering USAF test pilot flying time in 50 aircraft 49 0: Rookie 0.0 Up-2/Dn-2 Launch 11:59:37 PM 08.28.09 MS1 Patrick Forrester M/2 03/31/57 Pad/MLP LC-39A/MLP-2 Pilot Kevin Ford, Ph.D. M/2 07/07/60 Montpelier, Ind. No hobbies listed; >4,300 hours flying time 52 2: STS-105,117 25.9 Up-3/Dn-3 Prime TAL Zaragoza, Spain 49 0: Rookie 0.0 Up-2/Dn-2 USAF test pilot hours flying time; F-16 test MS2/RMS Jose Hernandez M/4 07/07/62 Landing 06:21:37 PM 09.10.09 Doctorate in astronautical engineering Comm. Licenses pilot 47 0: Rookie 0.0 Up-4/Dn-4 Landing Site Kennedy Space Center MS3/EV1 John Danny Olivas, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Job Descriptions
    CHALLENGER LEARNING CENTER OF MAINE JOB DESCRIPTIONS: COMET/MOON MISSION BIOLOGIST (COMET ONLY) JOB DESCRIPTION: This team is responsible for experimenting with plants and insects that are protected from human contamination. JOB REQUIREMENTS: Applicants must be good at basic math, have good hand/eye coor- dination and good observational skills. Position may involve robotic arm and glove box use. CSA Astronaut Robert Thirsk NASA Dr. Sharmila Bhattacharya Payload Specialist Chief Scientist for Astrobionics, Ames Center NAVIGATOR JOB DESCRIPTION: This team is responsible for figuring out the exact location of the comet (COMET) or when and where to launch probes and where the spacecraft will land (MOON). JOB REQUIREMENTS: Applicants must work quickly and carefully and have good communi- cation skills. Needs to be good at entering data into tables and charts, must be good at math NASA Astronaut Charles Hobaugh NASA Stardust Mission Flight Team Pilot and Commander AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER JOB DESCRIPTION: This team is responsible for building the probe (COMET) or repairing the probe that will be relaunched by the crew to collect and send data back to Mission Con- trol; assist in determining the landing site, and assembling the motherboard of the the lunar equipment module (MOON). JOB REQUIREMENTS: Applicants must be good at assembling parts, have good commu- nicaton skills, be able to work independently NASA Astronaut Chris Cassidy NASA Trong Bui Flight Engineer Principal Investigator, Aerospike Rocket and be able to enter data into tables. LIFE SUPPORT SPECIALIST JOB DESCRIPTION: This team is responsible for making sure that the air and the water on the spacecraft are safe.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Technologies Benefit Society
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA TECH N OLOGIE S BE N EFI T SOCIE T Y 2010 spinoff SPINOFF Office of the Chief Technologist On the cover: During the STS-128 space shuttle mission, a space-walking astronaut took this photograph of a portion of the International Space Station (ISS) flying high above Earth’s glowing horizon. This year marks the 10th 2010 anniversary of the ISS, and is also a year of beneficial spinoff technologies, as highlighted by the smaller images lined up against the backdrop of space. Spinoff Program Office NASA Center for AeroSpace Information Daniel Lockney, Editor Bo Schwerin, Senior Writer Lisa Rademakers, Writer John Jones, Graphic Designer Deborah Drumheller, Publications Specialist Table of Contents 7 Foreword 9 Introduction 10 International Space Station Spinoffs 20 Executive Summary 30 NASA Technologies Enhance Our Lives on Earth 32 NASA Partnerships Across the Nation 34 NASA Technologies Benefiting Society Health and Medicine Burnishing Techniques Strengthen Hip Implants ...............................................................38 Signal Processing Methods Monitor Cranial Pressure ..........................................................40 Ultraviolet-Blocking Lenses Protect, Enhance Vision ..........................................................42 Hyperspectral Systems Increase Imaging Capabilities ..........................................................44 Transportation Programs Model the Future of Air Traffic Management ......................................................48
    [Show full text]
  • TWO CANADIANS MEET in SPACE Julie Payette
    September 2009 News in Review Resource Guide September 2009 Credits Resource Guide Writers: Diane Ballantyne, Sean Dolan, Peter Flaherty, Jim L’Abbé Copy Editor and Desktop Publisher: Susan Rosenthal Resource Guide Graphics: Laraine Bone Production Assistant: Carolyn McCarthy Resource Guide Editor: Jill Colyer Supervising Manager: Karen Bower Host: Carla Robinson Senior Producer: Nigel Gibson Producer: Lou Kovacs Video Writers: Nigel Gibson Director: Ian Cooper Graphic Artist: Mark W. Harvey Editor: Stanley Iwanski Visit us at our Web site at our Web site at http://newsinreview.cbclearning.ca, where you will find News in Review indexes and an electronic version of this resource guide. As a companion resource, we recommend that students and teachers access CBC News Online, a multimedia current news source that is found on the CBC’s home page at http://cbcnews.cbc.ca. Close-captioning News in Review programs are close-captioned. Subscribers may wish to obtain decoders and “open” these captions for the hearing impaired, for English as a Second Language students, or for situations in which the additional on-screen print component will enhance learning. CBC Learning authorizes the reproduction of material contained in this resource guide for educational purposes. Please identify the source. News in Review is distributed by CBC Learning, P.O. Box 500, Station A, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5W 1E6 Tel: (416) 205-6384 • Fax: (416) 205-2376 • E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2009 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News in Review, September 2009 1. Two Canadians Meet in Space (Length: 15:22) 2. Canada and the Swine Flu (Length: 14:54) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • CALGARY – Canadian Astronauts and Jazz Great Diana Krall Launched
    CALGARY – Canadian astronauts and jazz great Diana Krall launched learning into space with a musical, literary, scientific and artistic adventure that will make the hearts of students and teachers soar for many years. With funding from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and expertise from some of Calgary’s—and Canada’s—best artists and scientists, Lord Beaverbrook High School students combined the arts and sciences in a year-long collaboration. The result of this amazing collaboration is a children’s illustrated hardcover, audio and eBook entitled from Blue to Red, written, illustrated and musically composed by students. It is the inspiring story of fictional astronaut Elizabeth Owens, commander on the first mission to Mars. Through a holographic diary, Elizabeth tells her grandson about the mission and sacrifices she made to be an explorer. While creating this book, a group of innovative students had the opportunity to marshal their creativity, talent, skills, research abilities, and imaginations. The idea came from the school’s music teacher, Ross McIntyre. “This collaborative project is the best example of cross-curricular student work that I have ever experienced. From Blue to Red is the highlight of my teaching career,” says Ross McIntyre, a former CBE student and current educator for more than twenty years. “Beaverbrook students proved yet again that when given the opportunity to succeed, they always rise to the occasion. We assembled world-class artists as mentors for this project led by renowned Calgary artist and storywriter, Samantha Whelan Kotkas.” Naomi Johnson, Chief Superintendent of Schools, says, “We are delighted that our students had this remarkable opportunity to learn from the best and be actively involved in such a creative experience.
    [Show full text]