The American Legion Magazine [Volume 81, No. 6 (December 1966)]

THE AMERICAN 20c-DECEMBER ^^^^ ^^^k. Hi i ^^^1 MAGAZINE % THE STORY OF THE GREAT INDONESIAN BLOOD BATH

4 ,i A ^

HOW CHRISTMAS AND ITS CUSTOMS BEGAN

WHAT WILL LASER BEAMS DO NEXT?

The American

DECEMBER 1966

Volume 81, Number 6 LEGION POSTMASTER Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for December 1966 Publisher. James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin SHOULD THERE BE A DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMERS? 6 Art Editor Al Marshall TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Assistant Editor pro: rep. benjamin S. ROSENTHAL (D-L, N.Y.) John Andreola con: rep. JOHN N. ERLENBORN (R-ILL.) Associate Editors Roy Miller James S. Swartz Assistant Art Editor THE STORY OF THE GREAT INDONESIAN BLOOD BATH 8 Walter H. Boll BY THOMAS A. HOGE Production Manager Art Bretzfield narrative A account of the great anti-Communist explosion in Copy Editor Indonesia that has seen Sukarno toppled and nearly Grail S. Han ford half a million Reds wiped out si7ice Oct. 1965. Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director WHAT WILL LASER BEAMS DO NEXT? 12 Robert P. Redden Chicago Sales Office BY ROBERT P. ISAACS iSick Amos 35 East Ifs just a beam of light, hut the seven-year-old laser is doing \^"acker Drive Chicago, 111. 60601 fantastic things that will touch all our lives. of Here's 312 Clilntral 6-2401 a summary of what the laser is, what it has already done and what it may do. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 195-i. Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and DOOLITTLE'S RAID ON TOKYO 18 give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. BY COL. CARROLL V. GLINES, JR. Also be sure to notify your Post Adj ntant. Within a few minutes on April 18, 1942, 16 American bombers zeroed in on the Japanese mainland, dropped their bombs The American Legion and headed for China. What had it taken to achieve Publications Commission:

those few minutes and lohat followed afterwards? James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. (Chairmnn } ;

Howard E. Lohman, Moorhead, Minn. ( Vice Chnirman); Bob Whittemore, Wntertoivn, S .D.

(National Commander's Representative ) ; AN OLD RUSSIAN BEACHHEAD IN CALIFORNIA 23 Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.\ Charles E. Booth, Huntington, W . Va. Adolph F. ; BY ALDEN STEVENS Bremer, Winona, Minn.; John Cicero, Swoyer- ville. Pa.; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock, Ark.; A travel article for today's motorists on an early Russian settlement Paul B. Dague, Doivnington, Pa. ; Raymond in the continental United States. Twenty-eighth in Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, the series "Seeing Historic America." Savannah, Ga.; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Morris Meyer, Stark- ville. Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert Mitchler, Oswego, III.; Harry H. HOW CHRISTMAS AND ITS CUSTOMS BEGAN 24 Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens. BY ROBERT SILVERBERG Los Altos, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind,; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Worship and revel; Santa Claus and gifts; mistletoe, holly wreaths, Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; E. Moade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward McSweeney, Christmas trees, yule logs and candles; wassail and carols— how New York, N.Y. (Consultant) did they all become attached to our best-loved holiday?

The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, HOW WILL WE WELCOME THE VIETNAM VETS? Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, Copyright 30 1966 by The American Legion. Second-class BY NATIONAL COMMANDER JOHN E. DAVIS postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents yearly subscription, With the opening of Legion membership to many veterans, ; S2.00. new Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- the Legion has assumed some obligations to them. culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York. N.Y. 10019. Wliolly owned by Departments The Ar. rican Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206, John E. Davis, National Commander, EDITOR'S CORNER 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 4 PERSONAL 45 Advertising Sales Representatives BOOKS 17 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 46 Northivest DATELINE WASHINGTON 29 LEGION SHOPPER 54 The Harlowe Company 2012 N. E. Ravenna Boulevard VETERANS NEWSLETTER 32 PARTING SHOTS 5fi Seattle, Washington 98105

Far Tr-.it Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Jess M. Lauglilin Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. 711 South Vermont Avenue Los Angeles, California 90005

THE AMERICAN • LEGION MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1966 1 IS THE WORLD GONE NUTS? WHY ASK? Department than we were. Sukarno smiled THERE SEEMS TO be more talent in the while mobs attacked our libraries and con- modern world for doing things wrong, EDITOR'S sulates in his land. We finally gave up the upside down, backward or weirdo than libraries. Sukarno and his ministers as- there is just to do what naturally seems CORNER sailed our country day in and day out in right. Example: On Election Day, New language no different from Red China's. But the State Department York residents were asked if they wanted since Pershing was given his WWl com- never burned a civilian police review board. The propo- mand. all the bridges between Indonesia and the sition so put that if they United States. was meant NO Please! Is it really going to happen the they had to vote YES. and vice versa. It other way? On page 8 in this issue is a narrative was charming to listen to the partisans on Will the enemy have a war memorial account of the great uprising against Com- radio and TV cry "Oppose the board. Vote on Guam 30 years quicker than Pershing munism in Indonesia that started in Octo- ber a year YES!" or "Support the board. Vote NO!" could get one in Washington? ago—which is fittingly titled Now look at this one. Can't the Japanese put up their own "The Story of the Great Indonesian Blood Bath." Following the slaughter of per- Out on the island of Guam a proposi- memorials at home? That isn't wrong, sir. haps a half-million Communists, Indo- tion is moving ahead to erect a war me- We don't object to that—Or are we doing nesia has rejoined the morial in remembrance of all the Japanese this wrong, sir? Should we ask the Japa- family of nations who died there fighting off American nese to build the Pershing memorial in and divorced itself from the Red Chinese troops in WW2. The memorial has the Tokyo? Where will we put the shrine to line. blessing on high in our own government, Hitler, sir? In Arlington? What's that, sir? Quite frankly, Mr. Rusk, we never thought the day would come. Perhaps it which is working closely with the Japa- When we voted NO that meant YES? would not have come if you had cut a\\ nese on it. —Sir! Please! Our head hurts. ties with all Indonesians, for then Meanwhile, in Washington, D.C., you might have isolated them all in the twenty years of effort have so far failed to AN APOLOGY TO DEAN RUSK Com- munist world. erect a memorial to Gen. John J. Persh- YEARS AGO we concluded that the State It is hard to take the slaughter of a ing, commander-in-chief of our armies in Department should have nothing fur- half million of any people. Perhaps that Europe in WWl. In Pershing Square, that ther to do with Indonesia. That country, was necessary in view of the Communists' is. under Sukarno, seemed plainly to be noth- own way of doing things. Kill or be killed At its National Convention in August ing but an undeclared extension of Red is their religion. the Legion voted NO—don't erect a war China. The State Department, including But it is easy to take a new Indo- memorial to the enemy on American soil. Secretary of State Dean Rusk, believed nesia emerging from the darkness. Let us It voted YES—get hopping and build the that it should maintain all contacts pos- hope that with her still unsolved prob- memorial to Pershing in Pershing Square, sible, and did so with an unbelievable (to lems she continues to enter into a new day. and give the boot to the outfit that is even us) show of patience and hope. It was And to you. Mr. Rusk, our apologies. A trying to rename the square. In a few hard to do. If we were critical (and we nation that seems to be lost to Commu- short months it will be a half century were) Indonesia was harder on the State nism can cut free from it after all —and that's worth working for. Even if it requires the patience of Job.

THE LASER AND YOU WE aren't a science magazine, so when we publish a science article it's because the men in the laboratories have come up with something that may change your life as well as theirs.

Such a thing is the laser, a unique kind of a light beam. Brand new in 1960, the laser may in the long run change your own life in more ways than anyone can guess —and that's quite a trick for a beam of light. Therefore we give you Robert P. Isaacs' "What Will Laser Beams Do doubles Next?" on page 12. Things are moving so fast in the world of the laser that our desk is already cov-

your ered with fresh news about it since we sent Mr. Isaacs' article to press. Mr. Isaacs suggests that at some vague time enjoyment! in the future the Library of Congress might be condensed to a small packet of laser film recordings, and here on our desk

is a new Air Force release telling how one

of its laser developments could theoreti- BO cally put the movie "Gone With the Wind" on one crystal the size of a sugar cube. Another Air Force release announces a laser in its labs that can burn a hole through a five-inch firebrick in five min- aged7years utes. Get the idea? This same light beam is already doing bloodless surgery, weld- KENTUCKY STRAIGHT BOURBON WHISKY ing detached retinas, tracking satellites, cutting diamonds, carrying TV messages and doing all sorts of other things men- "Buying whisky is as simple as A B C — tioned in Mr. Isaacs' article. Small won- Always Be Certain ... with Dant!" Newt Kook 86 proof der we think it's something of interest to you as well as the physicists. RBP

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 Noreico introduces the Tripleheader.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE » DECEMBER 1966 3 —

(October), the author. Ralph Woods, quotes from a speech by Abraham Lin- coln to the effect that no nation or any LETTERS TO THE EDITOR combination of nations could by force of arms take a drink from the Ohio or make a track on the Blue Ridge in a trial of a thousand years. Further on in that 1837 speech, Lincoln said, "At what point then Letters published do not necessarily ex- copters constantly bring in new troops, press the policy of The American Legion. is the approach to danger to be ex- all fire Keep letters short. Name and address must as well as the food and power pected? I answer, if it ever reach us it be jurnished. Expressions of opinion and they need, and carry out the wounded requests for personal services are appreci- spring it Single have must up from amongst us; can- ated, but they cannot be acknoivledged or and fatigued. companies not come from abroad. If destruction be answered, due to lack of magazine staff for fought fierce battles deep in the interior, these purposes. Requests for personal serv- our lot, we ourselves must be its au- in ices which be legitimately asked of and 36 hours after they went have may thor and finishers. As a nation of free- The American Legion should be made to been resting back at the base camp. your Post Service Officer or your state men we must live through all times or (Department) American Legion Hq. Send Operations are sometimes carried out die by suicide." letters to the editor to: Letters, The over hundreds of square miles of jungle, American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- Douglas B. McLean each LZ being one footstep of the 7- nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. Dayton, Ohio league boots that helicopters give our infantry. When there's serious trouble, LAW-BREAKING DIPLOMATS the commanding general can leave Hq, NATO'S FUTURE drop in at the LZ where the trouble is, sir: I want to express my appreciation sir: Since "diplomatic immunity" ("The assess it himself, and be back at Hq for for publication of General Lauris Problem of the Law-Breaking Diplo- your lunch. Norstad's article, "Will NATO Fall mats," October) has been so grossly To anyone who fought in the jungles Apart?" This timely comment by Gen- abused by foreign diplomats to such an in WW2, from the Salomons and New eral Norstad is very important for veter- extent that it has created a justified and Guinea to Burma, the helicopter that ans who want to keep informed about increasing indignation in the United carries an entire infantry and artillery current defense problems. States, would it not be possible for the attack into and out of battle is a modern Frank E. Smith United Nations—being an organization miracle. By utilizing the smallest clear- Tennessee Valley Authority founded to benefit and better mankind ings it can fill an eneny-held area as full Knoxville, Tenn. to remove the immunity now protecting of holes as a piece of cheese. By the same its delegates, at least in the area of illegal token, the copter can, and does, set up parking and speeding, and subject them artillery units on commanding heights THE 1916 POLIO EPIDEMIC instead to the same rules and regulations in Vietnam to which no road or trail sir: Thank you for the very fine art- as any ordinary individual must ob- leads, in support of operations around icle, "The Scourge of 1916 . . . America's serve or be punished for breaking. By neighboring LZ's. First and Worst Polio Epidemic" this gesture, I am certain the delegates H. L. Jacobs (September) . It hit home because my would be respected for their fairness and New York, N.Y. son was in the hospital during the polio understanding. epidemic here in 1964 and a little girl Charles C. Haimo died in the bed next to his. She had polio New York, N.Y. PRO FOOTBALL'S BERT BELL and my wife and I went through torture sir: Your article, "From Rags to Riches for the next month, fearful that our son

. . . The of Professional Football," THE HELICOPTER Story had been touched by the disease. by John Devaney (October), said that During the Sabin campaign several sir: "The Helicopter . . . Plane of a the late Bert Bell played professional years ago, the Padre Serra Post, along Thousand Uses," by John L. Kent (Octo- football as a lineman with the Eagles. I with many other Legion posts and auxi- ber), was the best presentation of the say he didn't play pro ball at all and a liaries, did a great many hours of public helicopter story to date and long over- friend says he did, but was a quarter- service by helping out in any way we due. Mr. Kent left nothing unsaid. back. Are we both wrong? could the several clinics that were put Earl R. Southee Joseph P. Partridge up in San Diego and throughout the na- Athens, Pa. Detroit, Mich. tion. Those of us who were there know how much the public took advantage of sir: John Kent's article on the modern According to his son, Bert BelL Jr., an it, but, like the last sentence of your helicopter in the October issue was official with the Baltimore Colts, Bell, article, we also know how many did not fascinating. May I amplify for a moment prior to the birth of the NFL in 1920, take advantage of it. We were working on the use of the chopper in Vietnam? was a backfield man on pro football in an imderprivileged section of town Everyone knows that it is widely used teams, playing in such Pennsylvania and, by census count and by counting there, but I don't think they realize to cities as Carbondale and Scranton. He the number of people that came through what extent it is the very heart of many did not, as stated, play for the Eagles. the clinic, we are certain that less than operations, especially for attack. The 50% were immunized. helicopter landing zone (or LZ) is the Dick Gird base of operations in the field in the CORRECTION San Diego, Calif. hinterland. To invade an enemy oc- SIR: In your October 1966 travel article, cupied jungle area, a small clearing, "Plantations of the Old South," Afton maybe as big as a basketball court, may Villa was mentioned as one of the Louis- OPERATION COMPASSION become an LZ in a twinkling. It can be iana plantations which could be visited. SIR: May I thank you for your accurate in a valley or high on a mountain. One I'm sorry to say that Afton Villa burned and sympathetic report on the Viet- will organize group and defend the LZ some time ago and has not been rebuilt. namese paraplegics in the August issue. itself, and set up artillery there. Others The gardens, however, were not dam- Your observations were completely ac- will go out on patrol. If they meet the aged, and are open to the public for a curate, and, as a result of the article, enemy, reinforcements may land at the small fee. quite a few veterans and other readers LZ and head out to join the first sent letters patrol, J. C. Delacroix of the magazine have to me v/hile artillery from the LZ comes in on New Orleans, La. and to the hospital to express praise for call. With a good contact made, another and to encourage "Operation Compas- LZ may be set up behind the enemy to sion." counterattack on his rear. If the woods PROPHETS—RIGHT AND WRONG Rev. Joseph Duc-Minh are full of the enemy, LZ's can be set all sir: In your article, "Prophets Can Be Secretary for Vietnam Missions around them and among them, while Right and Prophets Can Be Wrong," Mineola, N.Y.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 Opposing views on the need for a federal agency to

aid consumers by Representatives Benjamin S. Rosen-

thal of N.Y., and John N. Erienborn of III.

SHOULD THERE BE

IN THE PAST SEVERAL years, all of us have grown more A special Consumer aware of the problems facing American consumers. Counsel, for example, The astonishing proliferation of products, the growth would have the power to of sophisticated advertising techniques, the enormous present the consumer political power of most producer groups, and, of viewpoint before regula- course, recurrent evidence of commercial fraud have tory agencies and the reminded us that the consumer can very often be the courts. The Department victim rather than the beneficiary of modern trade would receive, evaluate practices. Sadly, the slogan, "let the buyer beware," and act upon complaints sets the tone for most economic activity involving the from consumers regarding American consumer. fraudulent trade practices. The Executive Branch, the Congress and the press It would also disseminate sensitive issues for time. Rep. Benjamin S. Rosenthal have been to these some special information to (D-L, N. Y.) Presidents Kennedy and Johnson directed special help guide the consumer 8th District Consumer Messages to Congress. We now have a through today's complex market. In short, the Depart- Special Assistant to the President on Consumer In- ment would be the consumers' special focal point for terests, and a Consumer Advisory Council. Congress the expression of grievance and solicitation of advice. has held numerous investigative hearings, such as Its independent, cabinet-level status would assure its those of late dealing with auto and tire safety. effectiveness. With all this attention to specific consumer issues, All of this, of course, is based on a single proposition. however, I think we have overlooked perhaps the most Though all of us are consumers, we have not been able important question of all. Who actually represents the to secure adequate representation of our ordinary consumer interest? Who speaks on its behalf within needs in the institutions of American Government. the federal government? President Johnson offered a The farmer, on the other hand, has the Department of partial answer in 1964 when he said, "For far too long, Agriculture. The businessman has the Department of the consumer has had too little voice and too little Commerce. And the worker has the Department of weight in government." Labor. Yet who will minister exclusively to the needs It has been my view that the now familiar threats to of the consumer? I believe this job requires a coordi- the consumer will multiply unless we establish within nated and prestigious Department of Consumers. Only the federal government an agency to give the con- in that way can we assure that the consumer, in the ". sumer what he so clearly lacks: a sophisticated and words of our President, . . is in the front row, not resourceful voice of his own in the highest councils of displacing the interest of the producer, yet gaining our Government. To that purpose, I have introduced equal rank and representation with that interest." legislation to establish a cabinet-level Department of Consumers.

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on thii

5 THE AlVIERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMERS?

THE PROPOSAL TO ESTAB- —a total of 253 activities in these three categories. LISH a Department of The only major transfer of these functions contained Consumers is not new. It in the present proposal is the Food and Drug Adminis- has been introduced in al- tration. This would more likely hamper the administra- most every session of Con- tion of Food and Drug Laws, as the F.D.A. would then gress for the past 20 years. be divorced from the supporting and related work of The basic question is one the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and not of the importance of of the National Institutes of Health. the consumer interest, as In all, the bill would transfer only three agencies proponents would like us and a handful of functions. It, therefore, clearly fails to believe, but of the to exhibit a regrouping of agencies and functions to proper structure of the justify the need for the bill. Rep. John N. Erienborn (R-lll.) 14th District executive branch of our In the proposal and the testimony of those who sup- federal government. Agen- port it, an unusual emphasis is put upon the function cies, bureaus and departments are created to assist in of the proposed Department to "present the viewpoint the primary function of the executive branch, that is, and represent the interests of consumers." The pro- to implement the legislative enactments of Congress. posal might be more aptly described as a "Consumers' The creation of a department should come as recog- Lobby," than as a "Department of Consumers." nition that the activities of various agencies with a In summation, this proposal falls far short of an at- common area of interest have become so numerous tempt to reorganize the executive branch of Govern- that good administration requires their regrouping. ment. The proposed Department of Consumers does not Two alternatives have been advanced which promise meet this test. We do not have a large body of con- more real advantage to the consumer. These are an sumer-oriented laws. On the other hand, most existing office in the Executive Office of the President to pre- agencies and departments have as their function the sent the consumer viewpoint in the highest councils of control of segments of industry and our economy for Government and a "Consumer Fraud Bureau" in the the common good. Included, as an important element, Department of Justice to receive and act upon com- is the protection of the public as consumers. plaints of fraud practiced upon the consumer. Federal government activity abounds in consumer protection functions. The House Government Opera- tions Committee in 1961 published a report on this subject. It was disclosed that 37 Government departments and agencies operate such activities. Within these departments and agencies, 103 different activities were being carried on which directly protected consumer interests, 15 activities which directly ad- I have read in The American Legion Magazine for vanced consumer interests, another 135 activities and December the arguments in PRO & CON: Should which indirectly protected or advanced such interests There Be A Department of Consumers?

IN MY OPINION THERE SHOULD SHOULD NOT BE A DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMERS. I big issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. SIGNED ADDRESS.

TOWN STATE You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wasliington, D.C.; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 — The Story of the Great Indonesian

had planned to use on those who opposed in nearly a half million Starting October 1965, the Red takeover, pent-up hatred for Indonesia's huge Communist party ex- ploded in a crescendo that rocked its Communists were slain in Indonesia and Sukarno 3,000 islands. A wholesale hunting down and killing of Communists started on October 15. The hunt was on early in Sukarno's own was shorn of his power. Here's the story. home town of Blitar. It ended eight months later in the rain forests of Suma- tra. In Central Java, the death estimates in East By THOMAS A. HOGE ing anti-Communist army leaders—Gen. range from 50,000 to 300,000; Java from 100,000 to 300,000. On Bali, Suharto—came on the air to tell Indo- high OF THE WORLD-SHAKING events nesia that the Reds had been crushed. reprisals have been placed as as estimates ONEof history happened during the Soon, word arrived of a more success- 100,000. The maximum throughout the islands would bring the past year in Indonesia, the great ful Red uprising in Central Java, with slaughter of close to island empire that stretches from under the killing of the military chief and his total Communists a million but more conservative figures the belly of Asia almost to Australia. It deputy in the city of Jogjakarta. Gen. — it at between 300,000 and 500,000. began with a bloody Communist upris- Suharto, who actually had wiped out the place The army led in the hunt, but students ing on Sept. 30, 1965—some 15 months Red uprising in Jakarta and had taken who in other lands are sometimes ago. It ended with a bloodier eight-month control there, sent loyal troops to Central — given to agitate for Communism slaughter of perhaps as many as a half- Java on October 2. By October 4, the turned out to identify Reds for the million of Indonesia's Communists. It whole Communist uprising collapsed soldiers and on occasion joined in the was the first time in history that Com- with its defeat in Jogjakarta. slaughter. Moslem leaders declared it a munism found itself on the receiving end Then the roof fell in on the Com- holy war and urged their followers to of what started to be one of its own munist Party of Indonesia (whose name wholesale terror purges. is Parti Kominis Indonesia—-and which enlist in it. it was all over, a schoolteacher The aftermath has seen Indonesia's is known by its initials—PKI). As stark When Jogjakarta told N.Y. Times correspon- dictator, Sukarno, reduced to a figure- pictures began to appear showing the in King: students went right head status while anti-Communist stu- mutilated remains of the six murdered dent Seth "My out with the army. They pointed out dent mobs call for his complete removal. generals, and as tales spread of the PKI members. The army shot them on It has seen a friendly agreement bring medieval torture instruments the PKI an end to Sukarno's war with Malaysia, Indonesia's neighbor to the north. It has seen the new Indonesian Government re- join the United Nations, from which Sukarno had withdrawn his country. Indonesia's Communists met with early success in their blow to take over the island nation as September drew to a close in 1965. Six unsuspecting anti- Communist army generals were quickly taken, murdered and mutilated. Com- munists took control of the center of the Indonesian capital city of Jakarta on Java. The Government radio, the telephone office and other installations were seized. With the cooperation of Air Vice Marshal Omar Dhani, the nearby Halim air force field was made the base of the Communist coup in Jakarta. When the people of the city awoke on

October 1, the radio told them that the Communist power seizure was complete.

At 1 p.m., it told them that Indonesia would now be run by a 45-man revolu- tionary council. But there was no 7 p.m. newscast.

At 9 p.m., one of the two top surviv- Youth group in Jakarta attacks a Communist headquarters. Reds were dragged out

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DEC EMBER 1966 "The Great Leader of the Revolution." Virtually from the day he took over two decades ago, Sukarno talked and acted like a Communist and said he was a Marxist. He railed against American "imperialism," and established a close bond with Red China. While he smiled benignly, student mobs crying Com- Blood Bath munist slogans burned libraries run by the U.S. Information Agency and stoned U.S. consulate buildings. Finally the U.S. pulled its Peace Corps contingent out of Indonesia and closed the USIA libraries there. Meanwhile, Sukarno's diatribes against the West were as bitter as anything coming from Moscow or Peking. D.N. Aidit, head of the 3 million member Indonesian Communist Party, had Sukarno's ear, and the Great Leader granted him many Red demands. Com- munist-led workers moved into the offices and plants of Western-owned oil companies, rubber plantations and other enterprises as Aidit trumpeted calls for their seizure. To the tune of Communist slogans, Sukarno waged "liberation" war on the island republic of Malaysia, to the north. With cries of "Western imperialism," he pulled Indonesia out of the UN, at Aidit's request, and declared that he would form his own world peace organ- HABRY REDL

The island empire of Indonesia. A Communist assassination plot to take over control in Java reaped the whirlwind as the army and the people hunted Reds down throughout the islands.

the spot. It was horrible. But if the Com- Castro's execution squads in Cuba, and munists had won they would have done of the bloody butchery of civilians by the same to us." the Viet Cong in nearby Vietnam. "They The Indonesians had before them the would have done the same to us," was no historical examples of Stalin's great idle excuse. In Indonesia, Communism purges of millions, of the Communist reaped the whirlwind. killings in Red China (sometimes placed The great blood purge came as an

as high as 20 million or more people) , of enormous surprise, and in a way a de- layed surprise, to the Western world, while it evoked strenuous protest from Red China. Yet the event itself did not have the impact on world news that one might suppose it should. A tight blackout on news outlets kept the whole picture from being seen clearly from the outside until it had run the most violent part of its course. Even then, the upheaval Two civilians point out names of likely seemed at odds with the general under- Reds to soldier searching for Communists in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital. standing of Indonesia in the modern world. ization. Inside Indonesia, money from In fact, the internal condition of In- Red China flowed freely into the coffers donesia before the purge is seen more of the PKI and advice from Red China

clearly now than it was then. To the flowed freely to Sukarno. average American, Indonesia was some- Western newspaper readers could only thing of a one-headed monster under wonder why Sukarno had not gone the Sukarno. He, like Gen. Suharto and last step of the way. to openly declare many other Indonesians, has only one Indonesia an avowed Communist nation name. As the only leader Indonesia had like the Soviet Union and Red China—or known since it won independence from why the Indonesian Communists should the Dutch at the end of the Japanese oc- attempt a takeover in a land where the cupation of WW2, Sukarno was affec- Great Leader seemed to be giving them tionately called Bung Karno (Brother everything they asked. Sukarno) —a reflection of the hold he Sukarno, it turns out, didn't give Aidit appeared to have over all of the Indo- everything he wanted. Especially not the )ne, interrogated, handed over to the army. nesians. Sukarno still refers to himself as final two things—Sukarno's own power

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 CONTINUED The Story of the Great Indonesian Blood Bath

and a Communist armed force, both of of the anti-Communists break into our self to Red China. He preferred to be which the Reds desperately desired. And news. In 1948, a coup nearly wiped out the sole ruler of Indonesia, and he as events proved, the seemingly docile the PKI. But that was long ago. In re- played that role to the hilt. masses of Indonesia's 107 million people cent years there were some reports of The Red leader, Aidit, had put Su- a vast senti- harbored anti-Communist pro-American youth demonstrations in karno to the test on the matter of arms ment at the same time that they em- Indonesia which—to far-away Ameri- for Indonesia's Communists. Aidit braced the world's biggest Communist cans probably looked like — typographi- wanted to form a "Police Militia" or party outside of Russia and China. It cal errors in the press. Yet they were real. "Fifth Force," independent of the army. would have been (indeed it proved to be) Powerful Moslem leaders in Indonesia But in the face of fierce army oppo- dangerous to declare Indonesia an out- flatly rejected the atheism of the Com- sition, he did not get it—a key factor in right Communist land. In the military munists and had voiced warnings against what followed. there were Communists and anti-Com- a PKI takeover. Even so, Sukarno was leaning more munists. Most of the top of the army Sukarno all along had been sitting on and more toward the Communists. C. L. was anti-Communist and the bulk of the a powder keg, playing one side against Sulzberger has reported from Jakarta troops were with them. The youth of the the other, though pro-Communist him- that Sukarno, right up to the time of the land was as two-headed. There were self. Like Tito, in Yugoslavia, he wanted fireworks, was involved in a fantastic bit militant Communist youths. And there his own brand of Communism. To put of world flimflammery with Red China. were militant anti-Communist youths. himself completely in the hands of the Red China would lend Sukarno a nuclear Yet only occasionally did the rumblings PKI could result in subordinating him- device to explode as his own. This would HARRY REDI^TIME MAGAZINE © TIME, INC. let Sukarno pretend he had joined the

nuclear powers and it should persuade South Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia that they were caught in a nuclear "nutcracker" between China and Indonesia. Sukarno would pay for the nuclear device by adhering even closer to Red China's policies. Why, then, did the PKI risk everything in Sept. 1965, to seize the Govern- ment of such a friend? One credible report is that three Chinese physicians examined the 64- year-old Sukarno a month before the lid blew off and doubted that he had long to live. The possible early death of Sukarno struck alarm in Aidit's heart. Choice of a new leader would clearly be in the hands of the anti-Communist generals who would wield the balance of power in a showdown. It became urgent to the Communists for the PKI to take over the Government with Sukarno's consent over while he still lived and held sway the hearts of the people. under It is also reported that Aidit was pressure from Red China to have Su- karno give the PKI full power "before Indonesia could be trusted with a nuclear device." It appears that Air Vice Marshal Dhani had been giving secret military training to Communist youth, some of them with Chinese arms, at the Halim base several months before the September coup. There were also at least two battalions of pro-Communist regular sur- troops at Halim ready to strike a prise blow. What Aidit now needed was a way to the get Sukarno's consent to a purge of top army generals. For this mission the Communist chief laid a plot and chose as

its agent a left-wing officer in Sukarno's palace guard named Col. Untung. Sukarno was already uneasy about his generals. They had become increasingly BLACK STAR critical of his ruination of Indonesia's economy and a looming runaway inflation. Some of the generals supported new approaches to the United States for economic aid, on which Sukarno slammed the door with his rabid anti-American-

BLACK STAB

In the presence of two Soviet diplomats, Sukarno blushed with downcast eyes as D. N. Aidit, Sukarno's Red China-loving foreign min-

Indonesian Red leader since executed, praised him at microphone at a 1964 ceremony. ister, Subandrio . . . sentenced to death.

ism. Earlier trade deals with the Soviet Union had put Indonesia in deep debt to Russia without benefit to herself. The generals were showing more hostility to Sukarno's playing with Red China. About midnight of Sept. 29, Col. Un- tung visited Sukarno in his palace cham- bers. In hushed tones he told the Leader that anti-Communist generals were about to unseat him. Noting the old man's look of alarm Untung pointed out that troops had been massing in Jakarta. When Su- karno uneasily suggested that they were arriving for the observance of Armed Forces Day, Untung warned him that that was a blind for their mobilizing against Sukarno. The frightened Leader agreed to Aidit's plan to overthrow the army. It appears that Sukarno went to the Halim base himself to confer on the assassination of the top generals. A Major Sujono, garrison commander at Halim who was later sentenced to death by a military tribunal, testified that the president had told him that the coup had his blessings.

Sukarno's part in the events that fol-

lowed is unclear. One report says that he

left Jakarta for Jogjakarta on October 1, but turned back when word arrived that the Communist plot had collapsed. Washington diplomats believe that he planned to be "en route" when the coup

took place, so that he could support it

if it succeeded or disclaim it if it failed. Sukarno's leftist foreign minister, Su- bandrio, and other left-wing ministers, conveniently had business on the island of Sumatra at the time. Aidit went to Jogjakarta, and in the brief period when the Reds held power there he assumed temporary leadership. He told the people that the Red revolt against the army leadership had Su- karno's blessing and that Sukarno was on his way there in person. Destroying Sukarno's image. Anti-communist university students of Kami parade anti- Sukarno banners as 20,000 demonstrated in Jakarta against the president last June 15. (Continued on page 42) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 H UNITED ARTISTS CORP. N.Y. CITY

The wicked Mr. Goldfinger in the United Artists film "Goldfinger" offers to cut James Bond in two with a movieland laser beam.

How a new kind of light, first made in 1960, is starting to

change man's world with a whole bag of unheard-of tricks.

By ROBERT P. ISAACS acted on the molecules of the bar to emit heard of the laser before and you'll hear a new kind of light never before seen more of it as time goes by. It has amaz-

1960, AN American physicist by man. As far as we know it was a kind ing properties that no light ever had be- INnamed Theodore Harold Maiman of light that had never existed in any part fore. You may recall that the movie

exposed a bar of synthetic ruby to of the universe and it was something with villain Goldfinger almost cut James Bond a strong light. Soon, the light that was far-reaching potentialities for human use in two with a laser beam. That's quite a absorbed by the bar was emitted again. in the future. trick to do with a ray of light. It is be- Well, not the same light. Inside the ruby The light that came out of Maiman's yond me why Goldfinger offered to kill bar the energy from the original light ruby was the world's first laser. You've Bond with equipment as expensive and

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • D ECEMBER 1966 BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES—JOHN G. PITKIN

To demonstrate that it isn't only movie lasers that are hot, a Bell Labs scientist lights a cigar with a real laser. The beam in clear air is invisible. Photos of laser beams are made by filling the air with smoke to make them visible, as in photos on next pages.

elaborate as a laser when James was cate spot-welding, too, by applying bursts a shaft of this strange light, then picked already tied down in Goldfinger's secret of heat (enormous heat, if need be) to up, sorted out and viewed. Never before hideout. A buzz saw could have done tiny points. Its surgical use to weld de- was it possible to use light as a carrier just as well, or a Colt .45. tached retinas in place in human eyes wave for communications signals. But

Maybe he did it to be educational. is steadily increasing. Now it's being that's not the half of it. You could cut a man in two with a laser adapted for welding miniaturized elec- Last September, Business Week maga- beam, and without spilling a drop of tronic circuits. It can do fine work. A zine surveyed the business—not the sci- blood. The laser can cut finer than the new gadget offers scientists a tiny laser entific—impact of the laser in the seventh finest surgical knife and cauterize as it beam for killing individual cells seen on year since Maiman's ruby bar first emit- cuts. And yet it's only a beam of light slides through a microscope. ted a burst. It reported more than 300 that can be flicked on and off like a flash- You can send TV and radio-type mes- corporations busy "making, developing light. Not long ago a considerable tumor sages over a laser beam, too. In a recent or using lasers." Some are small, special- was removed from a man in 15 minutes experiment all seven New York TV ized firms with big hopes. Others are by bloodless laser surgery. It can do intri- channels were relayed across a room on such old giants as Eastman, Bell System,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE o DECEMBER 1966 13 —

CONTINUED What Will Laser Beams Do Next?

RCA, Westinghouse, Hughes Aircraft, IBM and Du Pont.

For what useful applications is industry already developing the laser? Run your eyes over this catalog mentioned by Business Week: Removing tumors, eye surgery, tracking satellites, surveying, welding, drilling, measuring, machining, piercing diamond dies, identifying railway cars, microweld- ing miniaturized circuits, data processing, three-dimensional photography, op- tics, metal-working, long-range radar, burglar alarms, aids-to-the-blind, gyro- scopes, glass cutting, chemical analysis, range finders, package sealing, space communications, microscope work, mass eye examinations, map making, video- tape recording, communications.

And a baker wanted to know if he could slice lasagna with a laser beam.

That's quite a list for a seven-year-old child, even without the lasagna. The laser market is expected to be a half-billion- dollar industrial activity within four years, although the first laser offered more promise than fulfillment.

What is there about laser light that lends itself to so many exciting uses? Let's start with sending messages or TV pictures, since Zenith has just announced a costly experimental model of a laser TV with no picture tube.

A basic requirement of all broadcasting is that the messages go out on a single wave length, as anyone who ever tuned a radio or TV knows. Until the laser came along there was no known visible light that could be emitted on a single chosen wave length. Light was useless for any message-sending above the level of coded blinks. Take any ordinary light—sunlight, flashlight, searchlight, moonlight, star- light, arc light, electric lights, lightning flashes, lightning bug flashes, firelight each is a big mishmash of light of many wave lengths. The light particles, or waves, in it may be likened to a big mob of cattle milling all around, characterized by unmanageable disorder. By using reflectors you can make this jumble of ordinary light move in one general direction, as with a searchlight. But it's a stampede—within it there is still disorder, and eventually it fans out and dis- perses. By using lenses you can bring ordinary light to a state of some order at one point, as with a sunglass or a camera lens—or your eyes. That's like THREE VIEWS OF A SINGLE USER-MADE PICTURE. driving a stampede through a narrow pass. You may herd it, but it's still a dis- Believe it or not, all three of the views above are of one picture, as it is seen from three different angles. The single picture is a "hologram" with laser light, and orderly mob at heart. made without using a camera or lens. Viewing it from different angles is the same as seeing Laser beams are better likened to long the original subject from different angles. Hologram is explained in text. 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 ISOMET CORP JOHN G. PITKIN Nobody knows how many different uses may come from the fact that laser light marches from its source in perfect

order. That means that when it reflects from a surface the only disorder in the

reflected light is caused by characteristics of that surface. The changes in the reflected light can thus be interpreted by fancy equipment to portray the nature

of what it hits. Your eyes do that in a very limited way with ordinary light, but they don't tell you what happened to wave characteristics of the light you see by. Think of the possibilities of highly informative long-range laser radar. A beam striking an object—let's say a specialized crys- Man-made alteration of laser beam. When beam passes through spaceship or a dangerous meteorite far tal in precision mount the frequency of the light is doubled. Mount and crystal are made by Isomet Corp., Palisades Park, N.J., industrial crystal specialists.

BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES—JOHN G. PITKIN BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES—JOHN G. PITKIN

Making a long laser beam in a small space. That's just one A laser beam enters a Bell Labs window from two miles off. In- beam, bounced back and forth by an intricate set of mirrors in visible from the sides, it showed as a tiny point on the camera a Bell System communications lab. The laser is the only form of groundglass (and gave the photographer a headache). Finally a light that will carry messages or pictures as radio and TV do. pinhole-size camera aperture diffracted it to give star-pattern. files of soldiers all marching in the same with a laser that's impossible with radio out in space—may have translatable precise direction, with each file in per- waves. IBM is said to be working on the changes in the wave length, direction fect step. I say each file in step, rather idea of a laser beam with coded informa- and time of travel of its reflected light than all of them, to help make it clear tion in each of many controlled "chan- which reveal how distant the object is; how all seven New York TV channels nels" to be flashed on film. Someone has in what direction it is moving and how were sent over a laser beam. Imagine suggested that a square inch of film might fast; if it is rotating and in what direc- this laser beam with seven files of sol- be thus packed with 100 million bits of tion and how fast; and (who knows?) diers. While each file is in step with itself, information for a computer to translate perhaps even what its surface is made of. the different files are marching at differ- from it as needed. If you want to get gay In the earliest form of exactly such a ent cadences. In other words, seven dif- with some way-out laser possibilities, im- process, laser radar for use here on earth ferent but controlled wave lengths are agine the Library of Congress some day is already being developed, while NASA sent along one path of light. The cadence condensed to a small packet of films in has used laser beams to track its satel- of one file is the cadence of the show on a decoding machine. lites. NASA is also reported to have IBM Channel 2, another one Channel 4, etc. Visible light is available in something working on a project to use laser beams Whether these marching lightwaves go like 10,000 times as many wave lengths to channel information and power into across a room, or perhaps to Mars some as broadcast carrier waves. So the laser rockets standing on their pads at Cape day, at the end their original order is offers a possibility of an unheard of vol- Kennedy, to take the place of the thou- preserved. With the right equipment, you ume of message traffic for the future. sands of wires that now do the job. In can sort out the cadences of the different The time may come when laser beams, a variation of the radar possibilities, "channels." Ergo, communications over reflected and amplified by communica- lasers are being developed for precise light beams instead of carrier radio tions satellites, may serve the world. measuring and map making. A beam waves—for the first time in history. There could be room for all the different bounced off the ground from a plane Now consider that photographic film radio stations and television channels 1,000 feet up has measured an object is sensitive to light and you'll appreciate now in existence and as many more as inches long on the ground. a message-sending trick that's possible men might want to build. Unlike ordinary light, a laser beam

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 15 NASA

LASER (OPTICAL) TRACKING

ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS SATELLITE TRACKING (RANGE AND ANGLE) EXPERIMENTS

• RELATIVITY EXPERIMENTS

CORNER TRANSMITTED REFLECTORS LASER SIGNAL- (MOSAIC)

-REFLECTED SiGNAl

A laser used for eye-surgery at the Colum- bia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. Lasers can weld detached retinas in a flick. Hotter beams do cutting surgery. Diagrammatic drawing of a laser beam used as a highly informative radar in space, in this case satellite tracking. Thin laser beam hitting satellite is all of one wave length. All changes in reflected light coming back in a broad beam are caused by characteristics and behavior of object, and can be "decoded" to reveal them. CONTINUED What Will Laser Beams Do Next?

holds its shape. If it is emitted in a pencil- messages, or to ask questions and re-

thin ray it stays that way, keeping all its flect the answers. And all without the loss energy and light neatly packaged. Some of energy to resistance that is sufi'ered of our industrial research labs like to when you send it over a real wire. study a beam at the end of several miles The narrowness of the laser beam ex- of travel. Since they don't have labs that plains why a great deal of energy can be long, they may bounce the beam back pinpointed into an exceedingly small and forth with mirrors inside the lab, area. In that area the temperature can

or send it out through a tiny hole in the be made to reach extreme levels so wall to travel around from mirror to rapidly that a necessary piece of work mirror on distant hilltops until a final can be done before the heat has time to

mirror passes it back through another burn surrounding areas by radiation. tiny hole in the wall. It comes back with That's why a flick of a laser light in the no detectable fattening and just about as eye can weld a loose retina in place with-

hot and bright as when it left (less small out hurting adjoining tissue, and tumors losses to atmospheric particles and the can be destroyed without burning the mirrors). But that's nothing. skin. In 1962, laser beams shone on the A bit of metal can be vaporized for Diamonds, the hardest material known to moon spread out about two miles in chemical analysis by spectroscope in the man, are easily pierced by laser beams. Above, a diamond die after a Western some 300,000 miles of travel. I haven't same way. Holes can be punched in Electric laser machine had drilled it out. found out how much of that dispersion metals quickly and cleanly. Even dia- was caused by dust and moisture parti- monds can be neatly reamed. Maybe energy with chemical reaction. Mean- cles in our own atmosphere on the way the laser beam will one day help pro- while, the solid ruby bar, which gave a out, and to imperfections in our early duce the extreme temperatures needed to pretty weak pulse of light, is being left equipment. I think all of it was. There's set off' a controlled thermonuclear reac- behind. Now there are liquid lasers and no reason yet to believe that refined tion that will solve man's energy prob- gas lasers, as well as solid lasers. The equipment beaming from outside our lems altogether. Today, you can't start new carbon-dioxide laser is delivering atmosphere couldn't send a pencil-thin a thermonuclear reaction without trigger- the most powerful beam yet. Can we not

beam through the solar system. We'll ing it with a Hiroshima-type nuclear re- then imagine a pistol using portable

find out some day, and I have a hunch action first, and that is a messy sort of chemical energy to flash a death-dealing that as a very expensive trick you could trigger. laser beam? It could strike a man with one day burn a leaf on Mars from the Sadly, the thought arises that a Gold- deadly, silent effect. It would be a true moon. finger may gun down an Agent 007 from "death ray"' of the kind so often used in

So the laser is also a sort of "wire" a considerable distance with a laser science-fiction stories. without any substance that you can beam, when 007 isn't already in his And if laser pistols, why not a laser stretch over fantastic distances in any grasp. cannon? A gigantic laser could puncture, straight line at the flick of a switch and In 1965, lasers were developed which in a flash, the armor plating of a tank or at the speed of light, to send energy or could be pumped to higher levels of {Continued on page 52)

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 U.S. All! FORCE Books for Christmas Gifts

A Girl Like I, by Anita Loos, the viking PRE.S.S, NEW YORK, N.Y., ,155.95. Is America Becoming The autobiography of the creator of Lorelei Lee of "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" fame, a brainy brunette who wrote over 200 A Paper Tiger? screen plays for the Hollywood of D. W. Griffith and Joseph Schenck and such stars as Douglas Fairbanks, the Talmadge and Gish sisters, Mary Pickford, Erich von Stro- heim and Buster Keaton.

Champagne Tony's Golf Tips, by Tony Lema with Bud Harvey, mcgraw-hili, BOOK CO.. NEW YORK, N.Y., ,S5.95. Moving-picture stills of how to drive, follow-through down the fairway and putt that little white ball into the cup, together with some instructive and witty chatter about the game, by the late Tony I^ema, one of America's great golf champions.

Bottoms Up, by Ted Saucier, revlsed ed., Photo sequence of ICBM, Titan II, being launched from underground storage silo. GREYSTONE PRE.,SS-HAWTHORNE BOOK,S, NEW YORK, N.Y., §12.95. NEITHER LIBERTY NOR SAFETY, missile program, oiu' arms control program replacement program. Here's a complete cocktail book that's by General Nathan F. Twining, USAF and our bomber He illustrated for the delight of backs the Navy's request for another nuclear- written and (Ret.) . HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON, It includes information powered aircraft carrier. General Twining the male audience. NEW YORK, N.Y., $5.95. on correct glasses, suggested snacks to serve notes that the Soviet submarine force is with drinks, and reproductions of paintings Humiliation or annihilation are not the today at least five times as great as Ger- bv 11 of America's outstanding artists that only choices for the United States in her many's WW2 U-boat force and that the might have hung over bars in the days when present confrontation with the Sino-Sovict Soviets have gone ahead and developed a establishiuents were all-male sanc- superballistic missile offensive system while drinking bloc. Nor is it true that no one can win a tuaries. nuclear war. Our present emphasis on land- we have agreed not to develop one. sav based ballistic missiles for defen.se could re- He has some fascinating things to Furniture Making For where he feels dropped Contemporary sult in U.S. equivalent of France's ^VW2 about 1.) Cuba, we a nos- Republic, we Everybody, by John G. Shea. d. van Maginot Line, with the same tragic results. the ball; 2.) Dominican where TRANI) CO., INC., PRINCETON, N.J., .'57.95. .seem to have made a touchdown; 3.) France, are few of the statements These just a A lavishly illustrated, step-by-step guide our present attitude toward her is all wrong; General Twining in his shocking, made by to building contemporary furniture your- 4.) Russia, still very much a dangerous frank, critical look at oin- coinitry's sharply self; with advice on the best layout and political and military enemy; 5.) Our aid present defense posture. As a retired military equipment for a home workshop, and tips programs, not sufficiently integrated with officer. General Twining speaks freely about on finishing, covering and upholstering the our military programs, and 6.) The TFX what he considers to be errors and oversights furniture you make. controversy, where he feels that the classified in our defense program. He vociferously as- information that had to be withheld from sails what he claims to be the current, ef- Collector's Encyclopaedia, Congressional hearings resulted in Congress The Stamp fective muzzling of military voices by polit- philo.sophical being given misleading information. by R. y. Sutton, revised ed. ical pressure. He upholds our nation's YORK, N.Y., SIO. Speaking on "amateur" critics in matters I.TBRARY. NEW earlier tradition of permitting responsible guide to over 3,000 stamps, listed alpha- of defense and about the Disarmament A military leaders to discuss national security giving historical, geographical and Agency—established under President Ken- betically, matters freely without fear of reprisal. Start- political information about them that will nedy to focus on arms control and disarma- ing with General MacArthur, he says, and fascinate and enlighten serious philatelists. ment—General Twining states that it is easy continuing with Generals Norstad, LeMay to criticize the military and to recommend tradition has sad Admiral Anderson, this slashing defense cius when those doing so The White House Story, byGharlesHurd. been largely negated. N.Y., will in no way be held accountable for HAWTHORNE BOOKS, INC., NEW YORK, An ardent foe of permitting defense de- maintaining national security. He believes S8.95. history and cision and command to rest with one su- the Disarmament Agency should be under The story of the United States' of the 36 preme chief—civilian or military—General either the Department of Defense or the De- growth told through the lives men their families have occupied the Twining cites Germany's WW2 military partment of State, both of which are re- and who black-and-white pictures command situation and the disaster for sponsible for national security. White House, with the White House and some Germany that stemmed from such mono- What actions does General Twining rec- of Washington, 1801 to the present. lithic control. He believes that our country ommend that might lead the United States of its occupants from has endured a generation of military mis- to a posture that would be both safe and In Michigan, by Constance management and that, inevitably, we must free? 1.) Break diplomatic relations with the Hemingway fleet publishing reap the harvest. He offers no sugar-coated U.S.S.R., and insist it pay its indebtedness Cappel Montgomery, CORP., NEW YORK, N.Y., $5.95. cure-all for the mistakes in our defense to the UN. 2.) Bring economic pressures A brief biographical study of Ernest Hem- strategy and planning, mainly because he on neutrals to side with us. 3.) Maintain a of the influence believes that almost every military and dip- superior military technology in the fighting ingway as a yoimg man and his early environment, particidarly the sum- lomatic policy we are presently pursuing is forces of the United States. 4.) Foster col- spent in northern Michigan, had on either wrong or being incorrectly handled. laboration with specific foreign allies in mers writing. Those policies about which General scientific research and development. Each his Twining speaks specifically include, most of these steps, he believes, would help to Books carj be purchased through local book- importantly, Vietnam; but he also recom- "neutralize" the dangers we face from stores or by it'ritiug directly to book pub- ^^mends policy changes in our superballistic Communism. gsh lishers. Editors

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 17 By Col. CARROLL V. GLINES, Jr.

VERY BEGINNING o£ the end of THEJapanese dreams of world conquest in WW2 took place in Tokyo skies at 12:30 p.m., April 18, 1942. At that moment, the first of 16 Army Air Force B-25's of the immortal "Doolittle Raid" began to rain bombs down on Doolittle's the Japanese capital. S/Sgt. Fred A. Braemer, bombardier in Col. Jimmy Doolittle's own plane, opened the bomb- bay doors, adjusted a 200 aluminum sight, and dropped four incendiary bombs on a large factory.

The first major counterblow by the United States against Japan since the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Har-

bor had begun. Here's how it came

about, and what it meant. The chain of events started in the Mu- nitions Building, in downtown Washing- ton, D.C., in January 1942. To a background of light snow pelting his windows. Gen. Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, Chief of the U.S. Army Air Force, summoned one of his officers. Soon a stocky, balding man wearing the leaves of a lieutenant colonel stepped into Arnold's office. He was Jimmy Doolittle, world famous racing pilot and stunt flyer. He held most of the big aviation trophies and many of the speed records of the day. Though known to millions as a hot pilot, few knew that he was also a scientist with a Master's and a Doctor's degree in Aeronautical Science from M.I.T. He knew planes from an engineering as well as a pilot's view as few men did. Jim," Arnold asked, "what have we April 18, 1942. A B-25, one of 16 in raid that took the war to the Japanese mainland, lift got that will get off the ground in 500 feet with a 2,000-pound bomb load and fly 2,000 miles non-stop?" Doolittle frowned. "General, that will

take a little figuring. I'll have the answer tomorrow." The next day Arnold was told that the AAF had only two medium bombers that could meet the three re- quirements; the Douglas B-23 and the North American B-25. "Another thing," said Arnold, "the plane must be able to take off from a runway not over 75 feet wide."

"That narrows it to the B-25, Gen-

eral," Doolittle told him. "The B-23 is too wide. Even the B-25 will need modifi- cation to carry the gas needed for the distance. Now, I'm curious as to why you asked me." In a few minutes, Hap Arnold sketched an air mission that would go down in history as the most daring of the war, and that would strike a blow that changed the course of the struggle in the Pacific. The plan was to launch Army bombers from the deck of a U.S. Navy carrier, have them attack targets in Japan, and then fly on to a safe haven in China. Doolittle (left) with Hornet's skipper, Marc A. Mitscher, and Air Force crewmen. Once there the planes would be absorbed Before raid, Doolittle wired a Jap medal to a 500-pound bomb destined for Japan. 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 Raid on Tokyo

from the carrier Hornet to begin tlie 688-mile run to Tokyo. View of Yokosuka Naval Base, near Tokyo, taken as B-25 swept in for raid.

The story of an improvised gamble, at a time when America seemed

powerless in the Pacific. It changed the course of Japan's war effort.

into air units then being formed in the islands could destroy her feeling of im- was assigned to Hap Arnold's office to China-Burma-India war theater. Bomb- munity from danger, and result in pin- solve special problems. ers of such range and payload had never ning down more troops, planes and ships Credit for the idea of having land- flown from carriers at that time. The Jap- for defense during the period when based planes take off from a carrier anese felt themselves entirely safe from America must be building for her real against enemy targets belongs to Arnold, such a strike. counterblow. Such results were worth a who had, in the planning stage, envi- American war morale was then at its desperate gamble. sioned B-18's being launched against lowest ebb. Japan, having crippled our After hearing the bold plan, Doolittle targets during the invasion of North surface fleet at Pearl Harbor, was run- immediately volunteered to plan and Africa, to come later in 1942. The sug- ning hog wild throughout the western lead the mission. Colonel Jimmy, who gestion to use medium bombers against Pacific and eastern Asia. MacArthur's had learned to fly during WWl, had the Japanese in the Pacific is credited, forces in the Philippines were being given up his regular commission in 1930 however, to Capt. Francis S. Low, a sub- systematically overwhelmed. The United to work for the Shell Oil Co. In 1939, mariner on the staff of Admiral Ernest States was a long way from mounting a during a visit to Germany, he had man- J. King, then Chief of Naval Operations. counterattack. Arnold was aware that aged to get a look behind the scenes at Low, not a pilot, had seen Army Air American morale needed something to the growing German Luftwafl'e and he'd Force medium bombers making simu- oftset the deepening gloom, and he hoped come away firmly convinced that there lated bombing passes over the outline of to cause Japan to revise plans for con- was going to be another world war. He a carrier deck painted on a Navy airfield quest downward. A blow at the home asked for active duty in July 1940 and near Norfolk, Va. He ventured the pos-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 19 CONTINUED Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo sibility of using Army bombers against Tokyo by carrier launch to his boss who, in turn, contacted Arnold and passed the thought along for what it was worth. After Arnold received Doolittle's as- surance that the mission was possible. Admiral King appointed Capt. Donald B. "Wu" Duncan to plan all the details for the Navy's part in the mission, while Doolittle took charge for the Army. The Navy was to get the B-25's within striking distance of Japanese targets. Doo- little was to get the planes and crews trained and ready. The best time for the raid from the standpoint of weather would be before the end of April. That meant less than three months to accom- The wreckage of Doolittle's plane, which crashed in China, is gone over by excited plish an almost impossible task: modify Chinese natives. Doolittle and his crew had bailed out, landed uninjured. the B-25's, train Army crews in carrier take-offs, and get them undetected to a Every man on the four rosters stepped prevent any of the disappointed men spot in the enemy-infested Pacific Ocean. forward. Doolittle chose Maj. John A. from inadvertently spilling the plan be- There was a tremendous risk involved, Hilger, the ranking volunteer, as his sec- fore the planes were launched. especially for the Navy. The task force ond in command and charged him with Doolittle's strategy was to bomb tar- that would he needed represented the picking the most qualified men for 24 gets in the Tokyo-Yokohama, Nagoya only offensive military strength left in crews plus the required mechanics, ar- and Osaka-Kobe areas, proceed to five the Pacific after the Pearl Harbor de- morers, radiomen and other ground per- fields in Free China for refueling and bacle. sonnel to get the planes modified and in then fly to Chungking to deliver the The fact that the concept for the first the air for training. Doolittle decided B-25's. He planned to bomb targets at joint Navy-Air Force operation in Amer- that training would be conducted at Eglin low altitude by daylight for greater ac- ican history had such an informal be- Field, Florida, and that 16 crews would curacy. This would mean a night take- ginning actually helped achieve the se- eventually go on the mission. Each plane off from the carrier and arrival over the crecy that was so vital to its success. By would carry its normal complement of target cities at dawn. If this seemed too mutual agreement between Admiral five: pilot, co-pilot, bombardier, navi- risky, a night raid was contemplated. King and General Arnold, the mission gator and gunner-mechanic. All 24 crews Upon arrival in China, rapid refueling was to be treated as Top Secret with a would go on the carrier, however, to would be required at the intermediate minimum of paper work and as few peo- provide last-minute replacements and to fields. This meant gasoHne had to be ple as possible knowing any of the details. Not only was the element of sur- U.S. AIR FORCE prise essential to achieve the desired psy- chological effect on the Japanese, but the lives of Doolittle's men and over 10,000 Navy personnel and the safety of their ships had to be considered. The choice of the plane to be used actually determined the units which would furnish both men and planes. The B-25 was just entering the AAF inventory and the only units with any experience with it were the three squadrons of the 17th Bomb Group—the 34th, 37th and 95th —and the 89th Reconnaissance Squad- ron. All four of these squadrons were then stationed at Pendleton, Ore., but were slated to move to Columbia, S.C., in February. Almost all the crews had flown antisubmarine missions off the Oregon-Washington coast and one crew, led by Lt. Everett W. "Brick" Holstrom (now a brigadier general), had sunk the first Japanese submarine destroyed off the continental United States. Doolittle contacted the four squadron commanders while they were en route to South Carolina and asked for volunteers Assisted by a Chinese, Major John Hilger, the mission's second in command, and three "for an extremely hazardous mission." of his crew march with their rescuers through a friendly village the day after raid. 20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 it with a gas tank which would hold enough fuel to give each plane another half hour of range.

While the crews were training at Eglin, Doolittle shuttled back and forth between Washington; Wright Field. Ohio; and Eglin. He went through Lieutenant Mil- ler's course in between trips and selected his own crew. While in Washington, he arranged for target folders, the manufacture of a new kind of incendiary bomb he had requested, and followed up on arrangements being made in China to receive the planes, now scheduled to arrive on the night of April 19-20. At Wright Field, he worked with engineers on new gas tanks which would not leak and the installation of a motion-picture camera in each plane which would automatically begin operating when the bomb doors were opened and thus provide a record of all bomb hits. The end of the training at Eglin was sudden. Captain "Wu" Duncan had flown to Honolulu and arrangements were made with Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief. Pacific, for a 16- ship task force centered around the carriers Hornet and Enterprise. In addition, two submarines, the Thresher and Trout, were to scout ahead of the task force and relay information on the weather and enemy ship movements. On March 22, Duncan wired Washington to "tell Jimmy to get on his horse." a prear- ranged signal for Doolittle to get his men to the West Coast. Nine days later, 16 B-25's were hoisted aboard the Hor- net at Alameda, Calif., followed by their crews and the extra support personnel. On April 2. the Hornet and her seven escorts slipped their moorings and headed westward under the Golden Gate Bridge. The 16 Mitchell bombers lashed to the Hornet's deck strained and bucked against their tie-down ropes as the eight Some of Doolittle's raiders pose outside a rocky air-raid shelter (entrance at right) ships, under the command of Capt. Marc in Ciiina where they lived for ten days before they were able to be rescued. A. Mitscher, sliced through towering pre-positioned and non-directional radio mechanics tuned carburetors for best waves. Once out of sight of land, Doo- beacons had to be set up at the five fields fuel consumption; armorers installed a little called his men together and gave to provide homing devices. And to main- pair of wooden broomsticks in the tail them a complete briefing on their mis- tain the secrecy so necessary to the mis- of each B-25 to simulate a turret there; sion. The eight-ship force would be sion's success, all arrangements were to radiomen ripped out the heavy liaison joined at the halfway point by another be made without anyone in China know- radio sets to save weight. Bombardiers, eight ships centered around the carrier ing the "why" of their efforts. trained on the secret Norden bombsight, Enterprise and the operation from that

Maj. John Hilger and his men arrived were given a simple aluminum sight in its point on would be commanded by Ad- at Eglin the last of February and train- place, designed by Capt. Ross Greening miral William F. Halsey. Halsey's force ing began. Rumors were rampant, but and manufactured in the Eglin shops at would then steam westward so as to ar- Hilger, who knew most of the details, a cost of 20?'. rive at a point about 450 miles off the told his men nothing. There was much All crews trained with furious inten- Japanese coast on April 19. About 1,000 speculation among the pilots when a sity for three weeks and had their share miles out, however, the slower oilers and Navy flying instructor from Pensacola, of troubles with their equipment. The destroyers would detach themselves Fla., Lt. Henry L. Miller (now a rear newly-installed gas tanks developed while the larger ships would go on to the admiral), arrived and began instruction leaks, bomb racks would not operate launch point. Doolittle decided he would in short field take-offs. Five-man crews properly and the top gun turret developed take off during the afternoon of the 19th were formed and began flying together frequent malfunctions. It was also found with incendiary bombs and strike Tokyo on long-range navigation missions from that the bottom turret was poorly de- at dusk, then race to China across the Florida across the Gulf of Mexico to signed and difficult to operate in flight. China Sea and land there in darkness. Texas. Gunners were introduced to the Since the mission was to be flown at low The other planes, armed with three new .50 caliber gun turret in the B-25; altitudes, Doolittle told his men to replace 500-pound general purpose bombs and

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 21 WIDE WORLD

Back in the U.S., Doolittle and 23 of his men receive the Distinguished Flying Cross. Others received theirs later, some posthumously.

U.S. AIR FORCE CONTINUED Japan and would arrive within carrier- Doolittle's plane striking distance on the 14th. Ad- miral Yamamoto, brilliant commander Raid on Tokyo of the Imperial Combined Fleet, anxious to destroy what was missed at Pearl Har- one 500-pound incendiary cluster in bor, immediately assigned long-range pa- each, were to follow three hours later trol bombers to search eastward on an imd reach Tokyo and the other target around-the-clock basis. Fighter planes areas after nightfall. The tires set by Doo- were repositioned around Tokyo. A line little would guide the planes to their re- of 50 fishing trawlers stationed 650 miles spective target cities. All would follow offshore as picket ships was alerted to Doolittle's escape route to China and ar- report any enemy activities. rive at dawn. April 14 came and went and no re- Doolittle passed out the target folders ports of an American naval force were to the 16 selected crews and let them received in Japan. While their ability to pick their own targets. Once chosen, intercept and deduce meaningful infor- pilots, navigators and bombardiers mem- mation from messages was better than orized every detail. This information was American intelligence then knew, there supplemented by tips on topography, was one basic flaw in Japanese deduc- enemy fighter planes and antiaircraft tions. Yamamoto and his staff thought batteries as well as escape and evasion that the two or three carriers they be- techniques should anyone come down in lieved were in the American force con- Japanese territory. Comdr. Frank Akers, tained only short-range fighters the Hornet's navigator, gave refresher Navy and bombers. one suspected that one training to the navigators; gunners were No carrier's deck was loaded with Army Air given target practice firing at kites towed Force bombers. "Even if we had behind the ship. Lt. Thomas R. "Doc"' medium it." intelligence offi- White, a physician who volunteered to known one Japanese cer said after the war. would never fly as a gunner so he could go on the mis- "we have believed that those bombers were sion, gave lectures on first aid and ad- to fly the carrier's deck. ministered immunization shots to all going from We crew members. Air Force Gen. Hap Arnold, who awarded would have thought it absolutely impos- (right). Doo- sible." On the morning of April 13. the two the DFCs, talks with Doolittle little later received the Medal of Honor. the afternoon of April 1 5, the car- task forces merged at the 1 80th meridian. On On the Hornet, the B-25's were checked oners. "You are to bomb military targets riers and cruisers in the force were re- over from morning to dark by their only," he warned repeatedly, "and what- fueled. The destroyers and tankers with- crews. Generator failures, spark plug ever you do, stay away from the Imperial drew to await the return of the larger the B-25's. changes, hydraulic system troubles, gun Palace. It isn't worth a plane factory, a ships after the launching of freed of the difficulties and leaky gas tanks kept the ship yard, or an oil refinery, so leave it The Hornet and Enterprise, Army mechanics running back and forth alone." slow-paced tankers, increased speed to between their planes and the mainte- Strict radio silence was observed once 20 knots for the dash toward the enemy nance shops below decks. the task forces merged. Although Halsey homeland. Doolittle briefed his men twice a day hoped that their presence was not known As the hours passed, the tension on and emphasized the importance of tak- to the Japanese, his hopes were in vain. board the Hornet increased. Although it ing care of every detail of their planes Enemy radio monitors had heard "con- was originally planned to launch the and themselves before the mission. He versations" between the Mitscher and B-25's on April 19, the force would now reviewed the routes, targets and bomb- Halsey forces before the link-up as early arrive at the take-off point a whole day ing techniques and gave them advice on as April 10 and had deduced that an early—a fact not known in Washington their conduct should they become pris- American carrier force was approaching {Continued on page 47)

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 .

(Readers may find this series of value on SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #28 future motor trips or of interest to students of American history. We suggest A travel series for motorists you clip and save each as it appears.)

By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

SHOULD Russia ever claim rights to possession of California she would undoubtedly justify her claim by point- ing out that for 29 years her men occupied Fort Ross, on the Pacific, 90 miles north of San Francisco. The stockade and buildings are still there. In 1812 the Russian-American Com- pany, a trade monopoly chartered by the Czar, built this post and fortress on a then uninhabited coast. Hunting sea otter for furs and supply- ing Russian bases in Alaska with food grown in the friendly, fertile California soil were functions of the colony, which also built three ships. However, the sea otter was nearly wiped out by greedy hunting practices and the ships did not stand up well. In 1841 the Russians sold Fort Ross to John A. Sutter, the man at

The Russian Orthodox Chapel, Fort Ross, Calif. Russia occupied the fort for 29 years. An Old Russian Beachhead in California

whose mill (elsewhere in California) manders (there were five during the Rus- 1 1 6 leads up its entrenched, meandering gold was later discovered. Sutter paid sian occupation) and their wives lived canyon to Guerneville, ten miles inland, the Russians $30,000; all but $2,000 of elegantly, with fine furnishings includ- where the Armstrong redwood grove it in produce and wheat. He then moved ing even a piano of sorts. None of the should certainly be visited. About 35 not only the stock and equipment but furnishings remain today. miles east is the famous wine-producing parts of the buildings to Sacramento by The Russian Orthodox Chapel is Napa Valley and 30 miles north of this ship. unique and strikingly beautiful. Built by is Clear Lake, a fine resort area. Ninety The Fort Ross stockade, two block- miles south of Fort Ross is San Fran- houses which had cannon controlling the cisco, which almost everyone finds a de- beach and all sides of the fort, the Com- lightful city. mander's seven-room house and the un- Restaurant Info: usual and beautiful Russian Orthodox 1966 Motel and Excellent—Timher Cove Inn, 3 mi. north of Chapel are still on the original site. Fort Ross on CALIF 1. Open Apr. 1-Dec. 15, 19 Fort Ross (now a State Historical rooms, pool. Cafe, bar. Free Continental breakfast. Overlooks ocean. Phone Timber Cove 6. Monument) was a well-designed strong- (For other nearby motels and restaurants see hold with a 12-foot stockade. The Rus- Mobil Travel Guide to California and the West under Monte Rio, Guerneville, Santa Rosa. sians clearly meant business—there were Other towns not far aviray also have good accommodations) about 60 buildings in the original settlement, nine or ten of them within the Your enjoyment of any historic site stockade. Outside were many farm build- excellent carpenters, it had a six-sided is greatly enriched if you read about it ings, a tannery, blacksmith shop and, on tower (probably for bells) in front and first. Not much has been written, so far the beach, a wharf and workshop for a high domed cupola over the altar. as we can discover, about Fort Ross. shipbuilding. Fort Ross is on CALIF 1, a winding "California, a Guide to the Golden The Commander's house is largely the road along breathtakingly gorgeous cliffs State," one of the American Guide Series original, as is the chapel, though both which overlook the Pacific Ocean. The (Hastings House, New York), has a good were severely damaged in the 1906 Russian River runs into the Pacific about short piece on the fort. Your librarian earthquake and later repaired. The Com- eight miles south, near Jenner. CALIF may be able to find other references.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 23 By ROBERT SILVERBERG How JOYOUS SEASON is nearly here. THESoon holly wreaths will be hanging on the doors of millions of homes; Christmas trees will glisten with tinsel finery; the yule logs will sizzle, the wassail bowl will be passed. All over Amer- Christmas ica, families will gather for the yearly festival of gifts, feasting and carols. Nor will the gaiety be limited to Chris- Wrapped up in the celebration of Christ's tians alone. Christmas has a powerful hold on every imagination. To members of many other religions the Christmas spirit is real even though the day itself is no part of their creed. Why? What is there about this holiday that reaches so deeply into us all? How is it that Christ- mas customs and traditions go beyond Christianity itself to speak to people of all faiths? It seems almost miraculous—a world- ly miracle achieved by the many Chris- tian churches. Christmas' universal appeal is one of the great accomplishments of a faith often divided in other ways. Some things about Christmas belong to everybody—and always did. One of the most delightful expressions of that fact appeared in a cartoon several decades ago in a now defunct American hu- mor magazine. It showed a tenement- dwelling Jewish father and son looking out across the courtyard at a Christmas tree in a neighbor's apartment. "Look, Father," cried the child. "Even the goyim (Christians) have Christmas!" It takes a stern view of either Christianity or Judaism to repress a smile at the child's error. The early Christian Church may have intended it that way. It closed the door to no one in the joyous season. Each could join in his own way, whether he was a Christian convert or not. And so there is no other Christian holiday, nor any holiday in any other religion, that is so universally noted and felt by so many people throughout the world. A second secret of Christmas' broad appeal is its timing. It comes at a season of year whose festive nature goes back far beyond Christianity itself. It is the time of the winter solstice, when the days begin to grow long again, and thoughts turn joyfully to the rebirth of life in the The Nativity: stars and shepherds, myrrh and incense, stable and manger, Mother and Chile coming spring. What better time could have been chosen to observe this great pie being absorbed in the spread of the trampling on their old ways, Christianity day of the new faith? The season chosen religion, the Church encouraged the adopted them. for Christmas coincided with the date of transfer of many forms of pagan worship Right down to today, that helps ex- ancient pagan celebrations. That proved to the celebration of the birth of Christ. plain why the celebration of Christmas to be an enormous asset in making the If people newly Christianized should abounds with happy customs that cannot celebration of Christ's birth more mem- honor the birth of Christ with their oldest be traced to any one source—the giving orable to more people than it might and happiest rituals they would be bring- of gifts, the decorating of evergreens, the otherwise have been. ing to Christianity and to Christ the hon- kiss under the mistletoe, the hanging of It was one of Christianity's wisest ors they had previously tendered to false holly wreaths, the exchange of greetings, moves to maintain the celebration of the gods. This was good in the eyes of the the "visions of sugar plums," the singing much older midwinter festival. Instead Church. It was liberal and farseeing. It of carols, toasting from the wassail bowl, of wholly forcing new customs upon peo- was popular with all peoples. Instead of the lighting of candles and roaring yule

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • D ECEMBER 1966 —

new religion was taking form just after Christ's own time, no one attached much importance to the day that Jesus came into the world. Christ had another "birth," then thought to be far more significant. About its Began 194 A.D., a congregation of Egyptian and Customs Christians was observing Epiphany and Easter as the two great Christian holidays of the year. Epiphany is the celebration of Christ's baptism, when He was birth are the ancient customs of many peoples. revealed to all as the Saviour. (Epiphany comes from a Greek word meaning "to show" or to "reveal.") The Epiphany was a kind of second birth. As one of the early Church fathers declared, "This second birth has more renown than the

first . . . for now the God of majesty is revealed as His father, where at the first birth Joseph the carpenter was thought to be His father." The date of Epiphany was fixed at January 6, and the Egyptian celebration

of it spread. By 300 A.D. it was observed on January 6 by Christians everywhere with splendid banquets and happy zeal. The unknown day of Christ's "first" birth in the manger then had no religious significance and was not deemed a holiday. After a while some groups began to honor both the birth of Christ and His baptism on the same day. Then the rise of a heresy called Manichaeism made a change in custom advisable. The Mani- chees argued that Christ had never been a mortal man, but rather a spirit, and certainly He had never been born of Mary. To combat this belief, which would have cast doubt over much of the New Testament, the Church resolved to add to the observation of the Saviour's baptism an annual celebration of His physical birth. Our true Christmas thus arose about 350 A.D., and was made official everywhere within a century. January 6 was kept for Epiphany, but the feast of Christ's birth was shifted to another day. Which day, though? Nothing in the Gospels gives any clue to the day or even the year of Jesus' birth. Theologians in the second century A.D. had devoted much intellectual effort toward determining the birthday of Jesus. The suggestions—backed with in- genious clerical reasoning — included ned in a timeless story tiiat brought to a festive season joy, liumility and awe. May 20, April 19. March 28 and several

logs, the personification of Santa Claus If it weren't for such wisdom, exer- other days. All this brought a snort of and the legend of his reindeer down ev- cised over a period of centuries, Christ- wrath from the dour churchly philoso- ery chimney—as well as many other mas would still be important to Chris- pher Origen, who in the year 245 A.D. Christmas customs that have come and tianity, but it would hardly occupy the declared his objections to celebrating the gone, and others still observed abroad that remarkable position in so many civiliza- birthday of Christ "as if He were a king

are little known in America. Not a one tions that it holds today. This was the Pharaoh." of these was invented as a new ritual wisdom of centuries. These disputes were swept away by the they all came from popular customs. One of the surprising things that we official selection of December 25 in the

The Christian churches admitted to the discover, as we start to explore the his- year 440 A.D. But by then it had already

Christmas celebration a vast and varied tory of the Christmas holiday, is that been pretty well fixed. The Christians of assortment of expressions of joy already Christmas did not figure at all among the western Europe were observing that date beloved by many people. early festivals of Christianity. When the nearly 100 years earlier. The oldest refer-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 25 CONTINUED How Christmas and its Customs Began

ence to it is found in a Latin chronicle dated in 354 A.D.: "The Lord Jesus Christ was born on the 25th of Decem- ber." A few decades later, the new holiday was being kept at Rome and Con- stantinople, the two capitals of the civ- ilized world. Gradually it displaced Epiphany as the most important midwinter holiday of the Church—not without local objections and rioting until the Church ended the argument with its official proclamation. Why December 25, when Christ's actual birth date was unknown? In the

Julian calendar, it was the date of the sun's turning north again, though in our honored the gods of plenty. Gift- present Gregorian calendar that happens In pre-Christian Rome, the Saturnalia, held in December, giving, kindled lights and unrestrained indulgences marked the week-long celebration. on December 21. From the most remote prehistoric ments replaced ornate togas. Slaves be- the Saturnalia week ended, the sun lin- times, the start of the return of the sun came freemen for the week, wearing lit- gered longer in the sky to herald the in- was the occasion of great celebration, tle peaked "liberty caps" to mark their evitable springtime. with feasts and gaiety. Fires were kindled status. They ate at the same tables with The founders of Christianity built and candles were lit to encourage the their masters, who sometimes played the their new religion of love directly on this newborn sun to give forth its radiance. of slaves themselves. Everyone ex- pagan framework. A Syrian Christian of Among primitive sun worshippers, the role changed gifts chiefly wax candles and medieval times wrote: "The reason why day was the birthday of the sun. St. Au- — of clay dolls. It was a time of wild license, the fathers transferred the celebration gustine justified that day for the day to of gaiety, of excited happiness. And as the sixth of January to the twenty-fifth honor Christ's birth in the simplest terms: Let Christians celebrate that day ERIC MONBERCi COLLECTION not on account of the sun, but on account of Him who made the sun. But he

did not claim it to be Christ's actual birth date. Bede, the English historian who wrote about 700 A.D., tells us that "the ancient peoples of the Angli began the year on December 25 when we now celebrate the birthday of the Lord; and the very night

which is now so holy to us, they called in their tongue modranecht, that is, 'the mothers' night,' by reason we suspect of the ceremonies which in that night-long vigil they performed." Thousands of miles away in Egypt and Syria, the same night was holy. The blond pagans of the frozen northlands, the dark-haired farmers of central Europe, the fishermen of the Mediterranean all sounded their joy to mark the return of warmth. In Rome no less than in the primitive backwoods, the turning of the sun was a sacred time. The Romans marked the feast of the god Saturn, the deity of agriculture, whose emblem was a sickle. This midwinter celebration, the Satiinuilia,

began on December 1 7, and was followed a few days later by the Opalia. the festival of Ops, wife of Saturn and god- dess of crops. Thus a week-long holiday was granted in honor of these two gods of plenty. No one worked during the festival. soldiers in the Christ- Schools were closed and An old German custom. Hans Trapp, a bugbear, follows the Christ-Child during by Trapp. field put down their swords. Simple gar- mas visit. Nice children were rewarded with gifts; the naughty were punished 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • D ECEMBER 1966 Odin. Boniface, an English missionary of the eighth century, persuaded them to switch their affections to an evergreen tree bedecked in honor of the infant Christ. Others already worshipped evergreens for their power to stay green

through winter's ice and snow. A fir or pine seemed like a promise of the even- tual greenery of the spring to come, and so was already holy to the heathen. The boughs of evergreen trees and the sprigs of holly and ivy that had much earlier been associated with the midwinter sun holiday became part of the merry color scheme of Christmas. The green Christ- mas tree within the home was the next development. Some accounts say that Martin Luther was the first to put candles on a Christmas tree, in the 16th century. That touch of brightness was another link to the sun. Pagan bonfires leaping high to awaken

Lighting the yule log is a Christmas custom that dates back a thousand years, but its origin the sun in winter found their way into goes further back to pagan times, when bonfires were lighted to awaken the winter sun. Christmas, too. It is a cold heart indeed that cannot be warmed by the crackling was this. It was a custom of the heathen blaze of the yule log. "Yen!" or "yol" to celebrate on the same twenty-fifth of was the actual name of the midwinter December the birthday of the sun. at sun feast of northern Europe. The word which they kindled lights in token of fes- became "geol" in Old English more than tivity. In these solemnities and festivities a thousand years ago, and came to stand the Christians also took part. Accordingly for Christmas Day. eventually evolving when the doctors of the Church per- into the medieval "yule." The yule log, ceived that the Christians had a leaning part and parcel of the pagan feast, came to this festival, they took counsel and into Christianity with the word. resolved that the true Nativity should be The precise custom of lighting a yule ." solemnized on that day. . . But it went deeper than that. The early Church leaders were liberal. They were profound in their understanding of people, and were content to give new meaning to old ways rather than to try to deny

them. Pope Gregory said it all in the year 601 when he sent missionaries from Rome to the pagan parts of Europe. He ordered that all idols be destroyed, but not the pagan temples. If they were the people's temples, they were acceptable to Christ. "And because they were wont to sacri- fice oxen to devils, he said, "some celebration should be given in exchange for

this . . . they should celebrate a religious What is Christmas without its music? Our familiar carols became popular in the 13th feast and worship God by their feasting, century. In 1741, Handel (above, left) composed the Christmas masterpiece, 'The Messiah," and, in 1940, Irving Berlin (above, right) so that still keeping outward pleasures, wrote "White Christmas." they may more readily receive spiritual log to celebrate the Nativity can be joys." traced back at least a thousand years, In this the festival way of the Nativity though the lighting of fires to encourage was grafted onto the sturdy stock of the the sun goes back many more thousands. ancient midwinter rites. sun Jesus in a There is a record of a German parish way could be said to bring new light and priest in 1 1 84 who wrote of "bringing a warmth to a wintry world, just as does tree to kindle the festal fire at the Lord's the sun at the winter solstice. Nativity." In Germany, the yule log was When we examine the individual cus- called the Christbrand. It acquired magic toms of Christmas, find we echoes of this characteristics that had nothing to do same transformation. The trimmings we with the religion of Jesus. In one part of take for granted comprise an intricate Germany the charred Christbrand was garland of pre-Christian traditions. taken from the fire, and 12 days later, The early Teutonic tribesmen of the at Epiphany, it was placed in the cornbin European Old Scrooge of Dickens' "Christmas forests gathered at a sacred to keep the In Carol" was made memorable by Lionel mice away. the villages of oak to pay pagan homage to their god Barrymore in many dramatizations. Westphalia, the Christbrand was pulled THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 27 CONTINUED were regarded as a relic of heathen times. Gone was the liberality of the early How Christmas and its Customs Began Church, thanks in part to excesses and in part to Puritan sternness. quickly from the hearth on Christmas tears unabashedly welling in their eyes. Neither Cromwell's regime nor this Day and stored all year. Whenever a Occasionally, the medieval Christmas grim outlook on Christmas could last rulers storm broke, it was hastily put back on celebrations got out of hand. Some of very long. When the Puritan gave that restoration King Charles II the fire, for it was thought that lightning them turned into roistering revels way to the of would not strike a home in which the would not have been out of place at a in 1660, Christmas returned to England Roman Saturnalia. The English word —more subdued than it had been in the > ule log burned. As the great log blazed, the peasants "wassail," which dates from this period, old days, but nevertheless *a joyous feast. sang lusty songs of fulfilled harvests and meant "to carouse," and wassailing be- And so it has remained, though the Puri- hearty appetities. In one Swiss canton the came synonymous with Christmas. The tan view still has some followers who de- song went like this: new carols of the 14th and 1 5th centuries nounce both the feasting and the gift- May the log burn! now started to stress the intake of good giving of the holiday as remnants of the May all good come in! red meat and the flow of wine and ale, Roman Saturnalia. May the women have children rather than the tales of the Three Magi The mistletoe, which contributes so And the sheep lambs! and the iniquities of King Herod. mightily to the Christmas frolic, also has White bread for everyone Particularly in prosperous England, an elaborate history. About 70 years ago. And the vat full of wine! the Christmas feast turned into a contest the great Scottish anthropologist Sir

EHIC iMONBERG COLLECTION

1- X J

This European Santa Claus was the acceptable U.S. version un- of what Santa looked like (he added the stocking cap later). Nast's version. til 1881, when America's Thomas Nast presented his idea (right) For a switch in customs, Europe soon adopted

Singing and merrymaking thus be- of gluttony from Christmas Eve to James Frazer produced a massive work came an intimate part of the Christmas Epiphany, the "twelve days of Christ- of scholarship. "The Golden Bough." celebration. In place of the Gregorian mas" still familiar in song. Jesters per- which used the symbolic status of the chants and somber Latin hymns of the formed uproarious antics. Pantomimes mistletoe as the point of departure for a day, a whole new musical literature be- and games stressed the boisterous side. vast exploration of human customs all gan to spring up. Popular dance melodies Minstrels and a '"lord of misrule" pre- over the world. Frazer's work has been were adapted and given jubilant texts sided over the amusements. The holiday debunked in many details by modern that retold the Christmas narratives from became little more than the old pagan scholars, but a number of his findings are the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. By midwinter festival once again, with still accepted. He built his huge thesis the 13th century, the early versions of scarcely an inkling of religious Christian around the rites of the priests of the sa- some of today's famiUar carols were al- meaning. cred grove of Diana in Italy long ago. ready circulating through Europe. Mean- When the English Puritans of Oliver Those who aspired to the priesthood, while, serious musicians built a wealth Cromwell overthrew the monarchy of said Frazer, were required to pluck a high on a of great music around Christmas, of King Charles I in the middle of the 17th "golden bough" which grew which Handel's Messiah is generally con- century, they put Christ back into Christ- sacred tree. This golden bough, which ceded to be the masterpiece. And not all mas with a vengeance. By act of Parlia- was mistletoe, had magical powers con- Its fhe composers of Christmas music were ment, all Christmas festivities were nected with the light of the sun. Christians themselves. The most popular banned. The Puritans even went so far golden splendor made it important in the

Christmas song of our own time is proba- as to prohibit religious services on De- rite that insured the coming of spring bly Irving Berlin's "White Christmas." cember 25. Christmas in Cromwell's time warmth. controversial ideas about mis- In WW2 he personally sang it to jungle- was a solemn fast day, lacking in any Frazer's bound and homesick GIs who called for sense of joy. To celebrate was deemed tletoe have been challenged frequently. encore after encore, sometimes with evil, because the traditional festivities {Continued on page 50)

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 — s , s

DATELINE WASHINGTON VEEP'S DECISIVE VOICE. INFLATION AID FOR SAVERS. TRIPLING U.S. WATER NEEDS?

There are rare moments when the Vice President ' s de- PEOPLE AND QUOTES: cision is all-important. Such a rare moment will c ome VIETNAM up for Vice President Hubert Humphrey next January , when "We either have to choose to the 90th Congress convenes for its initial session . meet the enemy here, or face In the Senate, the liberal bloc is spoiling for a the almost cei-tainty of having fight over Rule 22, requiring a two-thirds vote of the to meet him somew^here else Senate for cloture of a filibuster. The liberals have . . . where the price of admission trying for years to eliminate or soften this been will be many times what it's talk bill rule, which permits a determined minority to a been so far." Marine Com- to death. mandant, Gen. W. M. Greene. Recent failure of the Senate to muster the necessary two-thirds vote needed to shut off the filibuster PEACE GOALS against President Johnson's civil rights bill, is sure "If I had the responsibility, I to renew the battle over Rule 22. As President of the would do anything necessary to Senate, Vice President Humphrey can decide at the be- bring that war to an honorable ginning of the next session that Rule 22 may be altered and successful conclusion as by a simple majority vote of the Senate, thus laying the rapidly as I could." Ex-Presi- ground for easier application of cloture. dent Eisenhower. As Senator, Mr. Humphrey was among the hottest MAO SPEAKS liberals favoring the Change in Rule 22, but when the "The world is yours, as well issue was fought out a few years ago, the President of as ours, but in the last analysis,

the Senate at the time, Lyndon B. Johnson, made it clear it is yours." Mao Tse-tung. he would not decide himself, but rather throw the ques- AMERICA'S YOUTH tion to the Senate, a question also to be decided by "I encoui-aged by the new a two-thirds vote. am concern and sense of personal involvement I see in your gen- With increasing expectation of action on taxes in the eration. Vice President Hum- forthcoming Congress , there ' slight whiff of hope a phrey. in the air for the citizen who saves for the future by b anking his money, buying insurance or investing in CRIME INFLATION ". . . The years of steepest in- bonds . The saver has long been a principal victim of infla- crease in living standards have tion. He may get 5% interest for his money, but any almost corresponded with those increase in the cost of living nibbles that much away of steepest increase in crime." from his total savings. Britain's Home Sec'y, Roy Jen- Mns. Rep. Robert F. Ellsworth (R-Kan. ) proposes to give the savers a break with the tax collector. His bill would NO KIBITZING amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow an individual "The day has passed when taxpayer a deduction from gross income for depreciation our public responsibility can be of the value of his savings due to inflation. The idea, met merely by offering sideline generally credited to Prof. Henry C. Wallich of Yale, criticism of the government's would give tax break similar depreciation ." savers a to efforts . . Pres. Wright of U.S. for wear and tear allowed owners of income producing Chamber of Commerce. property. CUBA UNDER CASTRO "... Today, through the hem- The time has come to add to our national roster of isphere, people are looking at worries the matter of potable water. Castro's Cuba more with pity the year 2, OOP little more than three decades in — than with admiration." Ass't the offing Ameri c a' po pulation, now 200 million, will be Sec'y of State Lincoln Gordon. up to 300 million . At present rates of use and growth, our water needs will triple according to the Depart- OPINION ON UN ment of Interior, so that our people will be parched by "There is no magic in the UN the time the next millennium arrrives. save what we its members bring To meet this latest threat to peace of mind, the to it. And that magic is a simple United States is for the first time undertaking a sys- thing: our irreducible aware- tematic, coordinated, continuing campaign of research, ness of our common humanity development and conservation, according to the U.S. and our consequent will to Office of Water Resources Research. peace." U.S. Ambassador to UN Arthur Goldberg.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1966 29 moved to admit veterans of honorable service since August 5, 1964—when our country first engaged in open conflict with North Vietnam. With that act we told the Vietnam-era veterans that we Legionnaires rank their service equal to ours. We said, in effect, that "Saigon," "Da Nang," "An Khe," "Demilitarized Zone," "Me- kong Delta," etc., stand in the same category of history as "Seoul," "Pusan," "Bastogne," "Iwo Jima," "Chateau-Thierry," and "Meuse-Ar- gonne."

It is done. We have extended the recognition. So now we must measure and accept the responsibility that we undertook at the same time. Viet- FOR YOUR INFORMATION nam-era veterans have already joined the Legion, my own older son among them. Many of them are the sons and grandsons of Legionnaires. Some of them are joining the Legion with their How Will We own fathers, veterans of earlier wars who hadn't been Legionnaires before. What do we now owe them, in every Post, Welcome The every county, every district, every State? We could make mistakes that could carelessly undo what was uppermost in our minds when we Vietnam Vets? passed a resolution bidding them welcome. There is a whole catalog of new responsibilities for us. Here are some, and may you add some more: By NATIONAL COMMANDER (1) The easiest and most natural bit of thoughtlessness would be to make "wallflowers" of our new generation of veterans. Did you ever join a group of strangers who shook your hand, then turned their backs on you—not to be mean, but because you were strange and they had old WHEN The American Legion opened its friends to talk to? It is altogether too natural. But membership to Vietnam-era veterans last it happen. August, the thought uppermost in our minds was don't let newly-eligible veterans is to share a distinction of which we are proud. All The more one of our will force himself on of our members served honorably in the armed a gentleman, the less he until he feels forces during times of open, armed hostilities you. You must play the role of host barge in on your against foreign powers. We have not opened our at home. Don't expect him to is welcome. Make membership to the many "between-the-wars" company. Invite him in. He veterans whom we cheerfully serve, champion him welcome. Vietnam-era and salute in all other things. Many of them (2) Don't expect the tastes of served in tight spots from which some failed to veterans to be the same as yours in all respects. return, such as the Berlin airlift, the Cuban The youngest Korea veteran isn't under 30, most blockade, and even the deadly period of "ad- WW2 veterans are over 40, no WWl veteran is visory" warfare against the Viet Cong before Au- under 66. Conceivably your Post may now have in their gust 5, 1964. Yet our country was not engaged in new members as young as 18, and many outright warfare on such occasions. Our conven- early twenties. Let's hope these younger veter- tion delegates—though torn by the shadings of ans, most of whom are of dating age or are meaning of what is and what is not war these "young-marrieds," may find in your Post oppor- days—have never voted to admit these "be- tunities for social activities for their own age tween-wars" veterans to Legion membership. group. Let's see to it that they do. Let them plan But last August 30 our convention unanimously some of your affairs.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 —

mortgage money available for the GI home loans they are entitled to. Because of "tight money," housing threatens to be as serious a problem for some Vietnam vets as it was for many WW2 vets.

If it turns out that way, get them to report their difficulties so that the Legion can better put the problem in Washington in seeking a remedy. Teach them to get behind just laws for their buddies, even when they might not be affected themselves. Teach them that the Legion stands for service and comradeship, not selfishness and has grown great on that creed. Let's all set them the best example of that. If we don't, they may set it for us. Let's us hope they do if ever we fail. for leadership. ( 4 ) Try to qualify them Legion With their youth and their energy, they can do a lot for America and your community in the Le- gion. They have proved themselves good Ameri- cans under enemy fire, as well as when under fire from some of their ov/n countrymen. Encourage those who show ability and willingness to seek and assume responsibility. Give them responsi-

bility when they merit it. Appoint Vietnam vets to Post committees so that they can find out what's going on and get their feet wet in our work. Let them get involved in Americanism, Scouting, Boys' State, Child Welfare, legislative work, service work. Oratorical Contest, Legion

When they're civilians again ... a new generation of Legionnaires. community betterment programs, hospital visita- tion, social programs. Don't wait for it to happen,

make it happen. Groom them for Post command- in the Legion, (3) Don't fail to educate them erships, and get behind those who show that Legion work. or to give them opportunities to do they have the right stuff. Many a Post may find in some Vietnam veteran just the fellow to carry on the coaching or man- rpHE Vietnam-era veterans have it in them to aging of its junior baseball team in the years be as good a generation of Legionnaires as ahead. any of their predecessors. No generation of young Don't fail to tell them that Legion group life veterans ever understood the nature of Commun- give an policy (see Hl insurance may them $11,500 ism or the meaning of Americanism better than It is better in p. 32) for $2 a month. some ways they do. They have battled against Communist service. It is espe- fjfjf than the insurance they had in tyranny in the front lines in order to bring free- cially adults in the years be- valuable to young dom to others, as our Korean veterans did. The fore they can afford large amounts of permanent armed forces have had them working on civic insurance. Don't just assume that they'll find out action programs for the relief of the Vietnamese, about it somehow. Tell them. when they weren't fighting. Rehabilitation is an See that they are told of their rights as veter- old word to Legionnaires, and it isn't a new one to ans. Acquaint them with some of their own spe- these young men and women. They have been cial problems as veterans. The "Cold War GI trained to serve as good-will ambassadors as well Bill" has been passed, but it doesn't give Vietnam as soldiers in other military theaters. They have vets full wartime status. Have your service officer had a running start at our kind of work at an ear- explain the proposed bill to give them that status. lier age than we did. Let's make sure that we put

Have him explain to them why there's almost no out to give them a chance to prove it.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 31 .

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU DECEMBER 1966

15% LEGION LIFE INSURANCE "BONUS" Insurance for all members is run on CONTINUED; BENEFITS SET FOR VIETNAM a calendar year, with all renewals ERA LEGIONNAIRES WITH $11,500 TOP; due by Jan. 1967 . . . Billings have insured BENEFICIARIES GET A MILLION DOLLARS gone to all members already . . . Since the basic policy is a IN ONE YEAR FOR FIRST TIME: group policy for members of The By act of The American Legion Na- American Legion, renewals for 1967 tional Executive Committee, all Le- must show 1967 American Legion mem-

gionnaires carrying American Legion bership card numbers . . . Post adju- Life Insurance will continue to be tants or finance officers are re- insured for 15% more than the con- minded to furnish new cards promptly tracted benefits during 1967 . . . For to members who have paid their 1967 every $100 stated in each certifi - dues, so that they may provide their

cate , death benefits paid in 1967 will new card numbers when renewing their again be $115 . . . The 15% "bonus" insurance was first established in 1966 for one Members newly insured after Dec. 31 year ... It was continued for 1967 are insured from the first of the as a result of favorable experience. month following the month of applica-

In another action, the National tion in most cases . . . Their ini- Executive Committee established a tial payment is pro-rated for the scale of benefits for veterans of the balance of the year at |_1 a month for Vietnam era who may join the Legion, each remaining month for each $12 - by setting benefits for younger age unit . . . Thereafter they renew for

groups than previously covered. a full year as of Jan. 1 . . . Thus Benefits up to age 29 were estab- an application filed this January lished at $5,000 for a $12 tinit, or would normally cover from Feb. 1 on $10,000 for a $24 unit . . . With the ... An application for a $24 15% "bonus," actual benefits for 1967 "double unit" filed in January would would be $5,750 and $11,500 respec- require a $22 payment for the 11 tively for Legionnaires under 50 remaining months of 1967.

. . . Benefits from age 30 through Members with an adverse medical age 34 were set at $4,000 and $8,000 history as indicated on their appli-

respectively . •. . With the 15% cations may be required to provide "bonus," such benefits in 1967 would additional information before a de- actually be $4,600 and $9,200 respec- cision is made in their insurability

tively for the $12 and $24 coverages . . . For the protection of all in-

. . . Benefits are slightly different sured members, falsification of in- in detail in a few states due to state formation on the application may void

laws . . . Members who apply re- any insurance granted on the basis of ceive applications and information the application ... In the absence specifying the precise terms in their of an indication of adverse medical states. history on a truthful application, Legion Life Insurance is "reducing no further inquiry on insurability term insurance." ... At a fixed is normally required. annual payment of $12 for a minimum The growth of American Legion Life unit — or $24 for a "double unit" (the Insurance has accelerated in recent maximum for each member) — the amount years after a vacillating start in

of insurance reduces with age . . . 1958 . . . After nearly three years Members in each age-bracket pay ap- there were 34,451 members insured at proximately for the insurance risk the end of 1960, each with one $12

in their own age group . unit . . . Near the end of 1966 there American Legion Life Insurance will were roughly 80,000 individuals in-

have paid out more than $1 million in sured . . . With double coverage per- benefits in a single year for the mitted, they held altogether 149,480 first time in 1966, according to the $12 units. rate of benefits payments at the time Uninsured members who may be in-

of this report . . . 1966 will also terested in further details are re- see the 4-millionth dollar in bene- ferred to a full page announcement fits paid out since the insurance was and application form on page 41 of established in the spring of 1958. this issue.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS DECEMBER 1966

WW2 and Korean War veterans for an Nat1 Executive Committee additional three years (see p. 36 for related story); and, asks the VA to raise Holds Annual Fall Meeting the maximum dollar amount in the Vet- erans Direct Home Loan Program to $22,500 in certain high cost areas. This Committee adopts resolutions; confirms appoint- 45 would make it possible for veterans to ments to nat'l commissions and committees; elects purchase homes with larger down pay- new Nat'l Vice Cmdrto replace Reed Beard, resigned. ments and thus keep total prices of homes at more realistic levels. Another action of the Committee At its regular fall meeting held at Nat'l countries. They are to report on this at amends the Constitution of the Sons of Hq, Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 12-13, The the May 1967 meeting of the Commit- The American Legion to admit sons of American Legion National Executive tee. Vietnam era veterans. Committee, presided over by Nat'l Cmdr In another action, the Committee re- In keeping with the observance of the John E. Davis, adopted 45 resolutions affirmed The American Legion's long- five dates relative to the celebration of (see p. 35), heard reports from national established support of the concept of law the 50th Anniversary of The American commissions and committees, and con- and order by adopting Resolution 45. Legion, the Committee authorized its firmed appointments of chairmen and action was taken because of the The spring, 1969 meeting to be held in St. members to those policy bodies (see p. Florida 124's Department of Post pro- Louis, Mo., May 8-9, in commemora- 34). of an unauthorized boycott motion cam- tion of the St. Louis Caucus held in May The wide range of matters which come paign in the name of and using the em- 1919. before the Committee was never better blem of The American Legion. Also authorized to meet there on May illustrated than by this fall's work ses- Resolution 45 prohibits Post 124 and 6-7, 1969, are the Legion's national sion. Resolutions were adopted on major the members thereof from engaging in standing commissions and committees. items covering contracts running into such boycott activity in the name of The The four other events of the celebra- many thousands of dollars all the way American Legion and using the emblem tion will be: The American Legion 50th down to minor but necessary housekeep- of The American Legion. National Convention in Milwaukee. Wis., ing details. Because other posts of The American in 1968; Veterans' Day, Nov. 11, 1968, The Committee authorized a new age Legion may not be aware of this policy, at Arlington National Cemetery, Va.; bracket in the American Legion Life In- the resolution also called for its circular- the 50th Birthday of The American Le- surance Plan. As of 1967, veterans up ization to all departments. gion, Mar. 15-17, 1969; and the 50th through age 29 will be able to purchase There were several resolutions de- Anniversary of the First National Con- a full of unit of insurance worth $10,000, voted to GI Home Loans which took no- vention of The American Legion on Vet- which, with a bonus benefit of 1 5 % also tice of the difficult housing situation and erans' Day, 1969. authorized at this meeting, would in- tight money market currently existing. Among resolutions adopted in the area crease their coverage to $11,500. (For They call for: Congress to establish of national security, the Committee full details, see Veterans Newsletter.) funds with the Federal National Mort- called for: pay increases for armed Another important development in gage Association to be used exclusively forces personnel; an equitable retirement the area of Legion insurance was the for the purchase of GI Home Loans for program for National Guard technicians; creation of a committee to study the possibility of a hospitalization and sick benefit plan for American Legion members. Past Nat'l Cmdr Charles L. Bacon (Mo. 1961-62) has been named chairman and the committee will report to the Internal Affairs Commission at its 1967 meeting in the spring. The Committee voted to recommend to Congress that the U.S. Constitution be amended to grant the people of Puerto Rico the right to vote for the President and Vice-President of the United States under the same conditions now enjoyed by the residents of the District of Co- lumbia. The Foreign Relations Commission was directed to study how the talents, abilities and energies of Legionnaires with Spanish or Latin-American heritage might be best used in promoting friend- ship and strengthening the fraternal ties

between the U.S. and Latin American National Executive Committeemen salute colors as fall meeting begins at Nat'l Hq. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 33 NEWS.

the maintenance of our armed services at maximum authorized strength and the earliest possible production and use of the Nike-X anti-ballistic missile defense system. Also urged was the strict enforcement of federal regulations and the protection of the constitutional rights of war veterans regarding the privacy of their service personnel files and records. The resolution further urged that the use of such records be restricted to persons within the military establishment. The Legion's Temporary Financial Assistance Program, which has been providing funds for over 40 years to needy children of war veterans, was ex- panded by action of the Committee to Walter Trohan speaks to attentive committeemen at National Commander's Banquet. cover children of Vietnam era veterans who are now eligible to join the Legion. been named acting director by Nat'l National Commission Changes Among resolutions passed in the area Cmdr John E. Davis. The National Executive Committee of National Rehabilitation were those The National Executive Committee appointed members and chairmen to all which called for: an increase in coverage also received and accepted the resigna- 1966 national policy bodies. from $10,000 to $30,000 on Service- tion, because of the press of personal Following is a list of the national men's Group Life Insurance which may business, of National Vice Commander chairmen whose appointments were ap- any Beard, Bedford, Ind. be carried by member of the armed Reed proved. COMMISSIONS are in capital forces: legislation to provide nursing The Committee elected Robert M. letters with committees and other divi- care for veterans in home living Alaska Fritz 48, of BuflFton, Ind., to fill the va- sions of commissions printed in italics. and Hawaii, and legislation to provide cancy. Fritz, who was a of the member AMERICANISM: Daniel J. O'Con- hospital and medical care in contract Nat'l Americanism Commission when nor, N. Y.; Counter-Subversive Activi- hospitals for non-service connected vet- present office, named to the had been ties, J. E. Martie. Nev.; Americanism erans living in Alaska. Dep't Cmdr of Indiana in 1961-62. Council, Albert Woessner. N.Y. During the meetings. National Execu- National Public Relations Commis- CHILD WELFARE: Morris Nooner. tive Committeemen stood for the reading sion C. D. DeLoach reported to Chmn Jr., III.; New England Area, Michael G. of a Memorial Resolution. On it were the Committee that sales of "The Ameri- Di Lorenzo. R.I.; Middle Atlantic Area, the names of deceased Legionnaires can Legion Story" by Raymond Moley, George Ehinger, Del.; Southern Area, Robert H. Bush (la.). Clarence W. Bird Jr., had passed the 8.200 mark. The book Hugh Lee, La.; Midwestern Area, Elmer (Vt.), Ralph B. Gregg (Ind.). Dr. is available to Legionnaires through Na- Fuhrhop, O.; Western Area, Robert A. Charles W. Hoshall (Okla.). Rev. Gill R. tional Emblem Sales, P.O. Box 1055, In- Gish, Wyo. Wilson (N.J.). Ralph H. Stone (O.), dianapolis, Ind., 46206, at $4.50 per CONVENTION: James V. Demarest. and Ferre C. Watkins (111.). copy, prepaid, and $3.75 each in lots of N.Y.; Contest Supervisory, Donald P. Robert Bush, who was a Past Dep't 100 or more. FOB, Wilkes Barre, Pa. Birkett, Iowa; Distinguished Guests, Cmdr of Iowa (1950-51). and former The National Commander's Banquet A. L. Starshak. 111. Chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Security to the National Executive Committee ECONOMIC: John J. Flynn. Calif.; Commission died of a heart attack while was held the evening of Oct. 12 at the Employment, William J. Chisholm, attending the National Convention in Indianapolis Athletic Club. Colo.; Housing, Dr. Tom B. Clark, Okla.; Washington, D.C. Featured speaker was Walter Trohan, Veterans' Preference, Raymond R. Mc- Since 1954 Clarence Bird had been Washington bureau chief of The Chi- Evoy, Mass. Director of the Legion's National Eco- cago Tribune Press Service since 1949. FINANCE: Harold P. Redden, nomic Commission, and in such capac- In his speech Trohan warned of the dan- Mass.; Life Insurance And Trust, Wil- ity in was Indianapolis for the Commit- gers in socialism, communism and the liam S. Todd, Tenn.; Emblem, Julius tee meetings when stricken by a fatal concept of the superstate. "The Ameri- Levy, Pa.; Investments Policy, C. R. heart his attack during sleep on the can way of life," said he, "which stresses Cagle, N.C.; Overseas Graves Decora- morning of Oct. I 2. individual accomplishments, self-de- tion Trust, Nat'l Cmdr John E. Davis,

Earlier in his career Bird had served pendence, and limited government, still N.D. as Department Adjutant for Vermont, is our greatest asset." FOREIGN RELATIONS: Thomas E. and with (he Legion's Field Service of Legionnaires everywhere were sad- Whelan. N.D.; Foreign Relations Coun- the Nat'l Rehab Commission in Maine, dened to hear that Jack Williams, 72, cil, Norbert W. Schmelkes. Mexico. New Hampshire and Vermont. Dep't Adjutant of North Dakota, had INTERNAL AFFAIRS: Donald J. He was chosen Chairman of the Dis- suffered a severe stroke while preparing Smith. Mich.; Constitution and By-Laws, abled Veterans Council of the President's to board a plane for the flight home from Judge Alfonse F. Wells, 111.; Graves Reg- Commission on Employment of the Indianapolis on Oct. 14. following the istration and Memorial, Joseph H. Hack- Handicapped in 196.3 by the late Presi- Committee meetings. As of this writing. ett, R.I.; Membership & Post Activities, dent John F. Kennedy. North Dakota's first and only adjutant is Earl D. Franklin, Jr., Colo.; Resolutions Austin E. Kerby. assistant director of still confined to the Indianapolis Vet- Assignment, Charles W. Griffith, S.C.; the Legion's Nat'l Economic Division erans Administration Hospital under in- Trophies, Awards & Ceremonials, John since 195.3 and a WW2 navy veteran, has tensive care and with no visitors allowed. C. Mann, Pa.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 NEWS

LEGISLATIVE: Clarence C. Horton, bers engaging in such practices be expelled or remove existing attorney or agent fee limitations suspended. This resolution also applies to all and penalty provisions in claims before the Ala. other members and posts in the Department of VA. (33) Florida under similar circumstances. (45) • Urges VA Administrator to review procedures NATIONAL SECURITY: Emmett • Petitions Congress to establish certain funds on payment of benefits to incompetent bene- G. Lenihan, Wash.; Aeronautics & with the Federal National Mortgage Ass'n to be ficiaries on death of appointed guardians. (43) used exclusively for the purchase of G. I. Home • Authorizes temporary financial assistance Space, Roscoe Turner, Ind.; Amateur to Loans and that the discount rate not exceed the needy children of Vietnam era veterans by the lowest rate being charged for F.H.A. Radio Network, Collins R. Buchner, Home Loans Legion's National Child Welfare Division. (2) for special assistance. (10) • Authorizes new administration agreement • Calif.; Civil Defense, Dr. Stacey A. Gar- Urges Congress to extend eligibility dates for under The American Legion Life Insurance Plan. three additional years for home loans to WW2 ner, Tenn.; Law & Order, Paul S. Kin- ;35) and Korean War veterans. (11) • Supports research on diseases of genetic • Urges VA to raise the Veterans Direct sey, O.; Merchant Marine, Henry C. Home origin. (3) Loan Program maximum limits in certain high • Changes rules for the 1967 contests at the Military cost areas. Parke, N.Y.; Affairs, Monroe (12) National Convention. (34) • Authorizes the spring 1969 meeting of the Na- • Temporarily bars one drum and bugle corps R. Bethman, Pa.; Nat' I Security Coun- tional Executive Committee and national stand- from Legion national convention contest par- ing commissions and committees to be held in cil, Granville S. Ridley, Tenn.; Naval ticipation and places it and another on probation St. Louis, Mo., 6-9 in connection with May the for five years. (38-39) Affairs, L. E. Page, Tex.; Special Sub- 50th Anniversary Celebration. (20) • Bars two drum and bugle corps representatives • Authorizes expenditure in 1967 of certain funds committee Military Justice & Appeals, from future participation in Legion national con- previously allocated in connection with the 50th vention contests. (40-41) Carl C. Matheny, Mich. Anniversary Celebration. (21) • • Amends the Constitution of the Sons of The Requests Bureau of the Census to include war PUBLICATIONS: James E. Powers, American Legion to admit sons of Vietnam era veterans as a group in the 1970 Decennial Census. (42) Ga. veterans. (31) • Recommends to Congress that the U.S. Con- • Rescinds certain Nat'l Rehabilitation non-legis- PUBLIC RELATIONS: C. D. De- stitution be amended to allow citizens of Puerto lative policy resolutions. (44) Rico to vote for President and Vice President of • Authorizes method to dispose of resolutions Loach, D.C. the U.S. (7) which reiterate established Legion policy. (6) • Calls for reopening of naval repair facility at • Authorizes temporary charters for: Lt. Eligio REHABILITATION: Robert M. Mc- San Diego, Calif. (13) Yabyabin Post 44; Mt. Banahaw Post 47; Col. • Urges legislation to provide an equitable re- Curdy, Calif.; Area A, Thomas W. Andres Soriano Memorial Post 50; Gat. Andrews tirement program for National Guard technicians. Bonifacio Post 39; and Mike Ver Post 46 in the Byers, Conn.; Area B, Gates R. Richard- (14) Department of the Philippines. (16-17-18) • Supports strict enforcement of all Federal reg- • Authorizes funds for the Veterans Committee son, Va.; Area C, Arthur V. Akin, Jr., ulations and constitutional rights regarding pri- of the People-to-People Program. (1) vacy of veterans' personnel files and records. Ga.; Area D, Al J. Sommer, Neb.; Area • Authorizes service agreement with Otis Ele- (15) vator Co. to inspect and maintain elevators in E, Agipito Torres, N.M. • Requests U.S. Department of Defense to main- Nat'l Hq. (5) tain armed services at maximum strength. (22) • Authorizes acquisition of additional electronic • Urges earliest possible production and deploy- data processing equipment for operation of The ment of the Nike-X anti-ballistic missile defense American Legion Magazine. (4) Digest of Resolutions system. (23) • • Opposes the elimination or reduction of tradi- Revises rules governing award of the Alvin M. Trophy. The American Legion National Ex- tional benefits for armed services personnel. (24) Owsley (8) • • Amends rules governing presentation of the ecutive Committee adopted 45 resolu- Calls for legislation to amend Title 10, USC, chapter 69, to provide that members of the armed International Amity Awards. (9) tions at its fall, 1966 meetings. Here is forces shall be retired in the higest grade satis- factorily held in any armed force. (25) a digest of the approved resolutions with • Urges legislation to provide medical treatment Nat'l Commander's Homecoming identifying numbers. for non-service connected veterans in contract hospitals in Alaska. (26) The city of Bismarck and the state of • Authorizes appointment of a committee to study • Urges legislation to improve the dependency Dakota went all out at a Home- a hospitalization and sick benefit plan for Ameri- and indemnity compensation program for de- North can Legion members. (19) pendent parents. (27) coming celebration held in honor of • Creates new age bracket in American Legion • Calls for legislation to establish eligibility to Life Insurance Plan to accommodate Vietnam VA benefits of those veterans conditionally dis- American Legion National Commander War veterans. (36) charged or released from active service who John E. Davis on Saturday, Oct. 8. • Increases benefits in The American Legion Life immediately reenter such service. (28) Insurance Plan for 1967. (37) • Asks legislation to amend Title 38 USC 612 (h) Davis, elected at the Nat'l Conven- • Directs The American Legion Department of to provide medicines and drugs for veterans re- Florida, to take action to restrain Post 124, Miami ceiving increased pension on a need for regular tion in Washington, D.C, Sept. 1, had Shores, Fla., from unauthorized, offensive and aid and attendance. (29) state as illegal acts in the name and emblem of The • Urges legislation to provide nursing home care been a two-term governor of the American Legion, including "boycotting" con- for veterans living in Alaska and Hawaii. (30) well as a state senator and is extremely trary to "principles of Law and Order," and "ele- • Urges legislation to amend Title 38, USC to in- ." ments of vilification . . . and libel. . . It also crease maximum Servicemen's Group Life In- popular. directs that, if necessary, the post shall have its surance from present $10,000 to $30,000. (32) to Legion charter revoked or suspended and that any mem- • Opposes enactment of legislation that would Close 200 leaders from

Gen. Lewis B. Hershey was guest speaker National Commander and Mrs. John E. Davis pass reviewing stand in antique car dur- at Nat'l Cmdr's Homecoming Banquet, ing IVa-hour Homecoming Parade held in his honor In Bismarck, N. Dak., in October. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 35 NEWS around the nation and points as distant March of Dimes Child turnout in Boys' State Conference his- as Alaska. Hawaii and Puerto Rico, tory. joined with North Dakota Legionnaires Guest speakers to the group included: in the festivities. Tom Pauken. Chmn, College Republican These actually began with a reception National Committee, who spoke on Poli- for out-of-state guests given Friday eve- tics 1967 in Boys' States; Harold A. ning, Oct. 7, by Past Dep't Cmdr and Eaton, Dean of Counselors, Boys' Na- Mrs. Sam Tolchinsky. tion, who reported on the 1966 Boys' Saturday's events included a luncheon Nation: and Captain James Mathison of by the Bismarck Chamber of Commerce, the U.S. Military Academy. Charles F. a IVi-hour parade with over 100 units Hamilton, Missouri Boys' State Direc- participating in beautiful Indian summer tor, presided. weather, a reception for over 2,000 at the The Conference's theme was "Chang- North Dakota State Capitol, and a huge ing Times—Are Boys' States Keeping Homecoming Banquet at the Grand Pace?" The delegates discussed proce- Pacific Hotel. dures and exchanged ideas on the vari- So many people attended the banquet ous methods used in their departments that it was necessary to seat them in to better Boys' State programs. Subjects other dining rooms around the hotel and ranged from better registration methods pipe the program to the distant guests for the Citizens (Boys' Staters) to law en- Five-year-old Donna Dill of Hillsboro, via closed circuit television. Tex., the 1967 National March of Dimes forcement and respect for law and order. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, National Se- Child, meets Nat'l Cmdr Davis at fall Gray Hampton Miller. 17, President National Executive Committee meeting. lective Service Director, was the fea- of the 1966 Boys' Nation, was guest Donna, born with an open spine, is now tured speaker. An accomplished speaker able to walk with the aid of leg braces speaker at the Conference banquet on and humorist, the general laced with wit and crutches following surgical treatment. the night of October 8. his discussion of the trials and tribula- tions involved in administering the VA-GI Bill Earlier that day at a press conference. News Selective Service System. He also com- Cmdr Davis had hinted he might visit The Veterans Administration reports mended Legionnaires for their sacrifices South Vietnam between Thanksgiving that an interest rate of 6% may now be on behalf of the nation and called for and Christmas to "see for ourselves what charged by lenders on home, farm and greater love of country on the part of is happening out there and perhaps lend business loans which the VA guarantees others." a little support." Also possible were or insures. Hershey termed the homecoming "a visits to Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, the Until recently, the interest rate had fitting tribute to a gallant leader. I con- Philippines and Hawaii. been 5%%. but a tight money market gratulate Nat'l Cmdr Davis on his forced the upward adjustment so that election. But I think I should also con- veterans would be better able to find gratulate The American Legion." Nat'l Boys' State Conference mortgages with which to purchase Gov. William Guy, U.S. Senator The 31st Annual National Boys' State homes. Quentin Burdick, and State Senator Evan Conference was held Oct. 8-9 at National Though eligibility for most WW2 vet- Lips were among a long list of distin- Hq with 122 delegates from 41 depart- erans to take advantage of VA guaran- guished government and military leaders. ments attending. This was the largest teed or insured loans has already expired,

there still remains about eight months for the last of these veterans to apply for Memorial Plaque Dedicated To Distinguished Legionnaire such loans. The final deadline is July 25, 1967.

Eligibility for WW2 veterans is determined by a formula which adds ten years to the date of their last discharge plus one year for each 90 days of service. Veterans who were discharged for a service-connected disability and the widows of such veterans will be eligible up to the July 25. 1967, deadline. The formula for Korean War veterans is the same and their final closeout date is January 31, 1975. The VA also reports that between three and five hundred thousand veterans who served in the Armed Forces since Jan. 31,1 955, will take advantage of Cold War Gl Bill training provisions in its first year of operation to enroll in col- In June, 1963, Leon V. McArdle, Vice Chmn of the Legion's Nat'l Finance Commission and City Treasurer of Los Angeles, passed away while preparing for a vacation trip. lege, trade school, high school or cor- Recently, a plaque was dedicated in his honor and placed in the Los Angeles City respondence school classes. Hall. Flanking it are Mrs. McArdle and Los Angeles Mayor Sam Yorty. At far left is The average age of these back-to- Norman Conn, 17th District Cmdr and Norman M. Lyon, Alternate Nat'l Committeeman for California and Chairman of the Plaque Committee. Next to Mayor Yorty is Past school veterans will be about 28 with Nat'l Cmdr William R. Burke, and Arthur K. Snyder, Plaque Committee Co-chairman. half of them married.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 Plane Insignia Collection pital, replace some of the hovels in which the militiamen's families were living, and The Air Force Museum at Wright- improve the school plant. On Autumn Patterson AFB, near Dayton, Ohio, has, Festival Day, more than 1,400 school says the Air Force, the most complete children received individual gifts of collection of original fabric insignia re- candy and clothing. moved from planes flown in combat by units of the Air Service, AEF, in France "While we are able to get a fair of U.S. Aid through official in WWl. Still being sought are original amount insignias from the following U.S. Air channels, the benefits are often lost Service units: the 8th, 9th, Uth, 12th, through lack of a few inexpensive items. 17th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 28th, 41st, 49th, For instance, I observed the villagers and also these Aero Squadrons: 50th, making building blocks out of cement 58th, 88th, 96th, 99th, 100th, 104th, and mud; it was explained that, while 141st, 148th, 155th, 163rd, 166th, 168th, they were given cement, no sand was 185th, 186th, 258th, 278th, 354th, and Auxiliary Quartet champions turned up in available. For a total outlay of 800 pias- this group from Unit 544, Twin Lakes, Wis. ters (about $6.50) we were able to have farmers haul ten square yards of sand ing the recent Nat'l Convention in Wash- from a nearby creekbed, a supply which ington, D.C. Contests were held in vari- should last for several weeks. ous Departments and the champion unit "Other planned projects include re- in each represented the Department at pairs to the school buildings and the dis- the Nat'l Auxiliary Championships at pensary. The latter has a leaky roof the Convention. caused by a Viet Cong mortar shell. The There were four entries in the chorus purchase of a mortar (different kind) and competition, with Unit 15, Sioux Falls, pestle are also contemplated; these items S.D., taking the championship and the will increase the output of a local indus- first prize of $300 over Unit 69, May- try—manufacture of dried rice cakes." ville, Wis., which netted $175. Other en- (Signed) Victor F. Diaz trants were (in alphabetical order) Indi- LTC, Infantry ana and Pennsylvania. Commanding The sextette competition resulted in a HQ 1st Bn (Mech) 5th Inf tie for first place between Unit 82, Cald- Museum insigne from WWl aircraft well, Idaho, and Unit 15, Sioux Falls. BRIEFLY NOTED 638th. The Air Force Museum is anx- First prize was $75. In third place was ious to hear from any former members Unit 641, Baden, Pa. Kings County, N.Y., turned over a check of these squadrons who might be willing for $2,049 to Tupper Lake Mountain to donate their insignia for the collection Camp, run by the Dep't of New York as —also, related uniforms, photos, etc. a convalescent camp for Legionnaires recovering from major illness or surgery. The Museum is located at the west end Kings Tupper Lake of Main St. in Fairborn, Ohio, two Each year County's blocks from Ohio state route 444. Park- Committee visits the camp and inspects ing and admission are free, 9-4 week- it, prior to its opening. The Brooklynites days, 1-5 weekends and hoHdays. have been inspecting, and raising money for this cause for about 25 years. In the photo above. The Grim Reaper insigne of the 13th Aero Sqdn, taken from the fuselage of a WWl SPAD air- An aid for posts desiring to "dress up" craft, is inspected by Royal Frey and their meetings is a new movie, "It's Your Col. William F. Curry of the Museum. Winning the Auxiliary's Nat'l Trio crown Meeting," available from the Nat'l Hq and tieing for the Sextette title at the film library. Produced by the Nat'l Mem- Convention was Unit 82, Caldwell, Idaho. Auxiliary Singing Champions bership and Post Activities Committee and staff, "It's Your Meeting" depicts ac- An upsurge in interest in choral group First prize of $60 in quartet singing tual American Legion posts in their per- participation sponsored by American went to Unit 544, Twin Lakes, Wis. Sec- formance of the ceremonies for the Legion Auxiliary units was evident dur- ond ($40) was Unit 641, Baden, Pa. The opening and closing of regular meetings, winning trio ($60) was Unit 82, Cald- the initiation of new members, and the well, Idaho. Second ($40) was Unit 15, Post Everlasting for a deceased Legion- Sioux Falls. naire. Cooperating in the film's production Financial Item from Vietnam were Post 985, Post 336, and Post 118,

A letter from a military commander in all of Chicago, 111., and Post 119, Green-

Vietnam to Legion Nat'l Cmdr John E. field, Ind. The famous Post 1 1 8 color Davis gives thanks for a special gift of guard, "The Little Bills," demonstrates $200 from Post 238, Rochester, N.Y., the posting of the colors. This 32-minute, and tells something of how the money sound, black-and-white 16mm film is was utilized: available for a $2.50 handling and "We have helped the (Tan Phu Trung) service fee from: Motion Picture Sec- villagers refurbish their market building, tion, The American Legion, P.O. Box Winner of Chorus title and tieing for the Sextette crown: Unit 15, Sioux Falls, S.D. dig a new well for the dispensary hos- 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. THE AMERIC; LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 37 NEWS.

POSTS IN ACTION Characteristic of what many Legion posts around the country are doing these days are the services being offered by Post 342 and Unit 342, Freeport, N.Y. Young men, given the privilege of serv- ing in the Armed Forces of the United States by their Draft Boards, meet at the post for coffee, buns, and breakfast rolls. Selectees, including those reporting for physical examinations and those reporting for duty, regularly assemble at the Coffee and buns for draftees at Post 342, Freeport, N.Y., before they shove off Dugout of Post 342 before boarding the Post 73, East Orange, N.J., gave' $8 10 to DC-3), and has been sending snack pack- the 1st Cavalry Division (Vietnam) ages and books and corresponding with Chaplain's Fund, to be used in construct- some of the men. ing a Division Memorial Chapel. "The Chapel will honor our comrades who Over 1,000 copies of a patriotic record- have fallen in battle in Vietnam," wrote ing, "The Flag Speaks," produced and Col. George S. Beatty, Jr., the Division's directed by members of Post 5, Pitts- Chief of Staff. "It will have a memorial burgh, Pa., have been distributed with- wall in which the names of our fallen out charge to public, private, parochial, comrades will be inscribed in sacred re- and orphans schools in the county. membrance. A great deal of the material and equipment will be purchased with Dick Whitelock, of Post 72, Palmyra, funds donated by of the Divi- members Pa., repeated as Dep't of Pennsylvania Marie Zvitcovich, Unit 342, and Post 342 sion and interested friends." Legion Golf champion, winning a play- Cmdr Larry Yanover serve young draftees. off with former winner Art Garrison, 7 a.m. bus for New York City. (See pho- also of Post 72. Post 386, Hershey, took tos.) Six bus loads, each with 50 or more the team title with a total score of 628 inductees, left last month. The project, from the performances of Bill O'Neal intended to show that "somebody cares," (who after 17 holes seemed to have the is under the supervision of Marie Zvitco- individual title wrapped up—he finished vich of the Auxiliary and Past Post Cmdr with a 150 total, one stroke behind the Gary lUgner. Ramacciotti, Post 36, Utah: Flags for Veterans Day leaders) Guy and Pete and Geno Gasper. Post 580, Monaca, was Post 369, Dorchester, Mass., is another runner-up. In the photo below are (I. to More of these are the way but Post that is smoothing and brightening the in- on rt.): Charles Gangaware, Activities Di- duction experience for the nation's 444, Dow City, Iowa, has come up with a four-war American Legion family. Life youth. In the photo below are (1. to rt.): Member George C. Brink is a WWl vet. Son George, Jr., is WW2. Sons John and William both served in Korea, while son

Robert L. is a Vietnam vet. All four are members of Post 444. Robert L. attended Hawkeye Boys' State in 1960. Penn Legion golf champ triumphs again.

Post 303, Rockville Centre, N.Y., has rector; Richard Whitelock, champion; adopted the 4th Air Commando Squad- Harry V. Klein, Jr., 1966 Dep't Cmdr; ron now in Vietnam, which flies Attack Art Garrison, runner-up; and George Cargo 47 aircraft (our old friend, the Bellis, Activities Consultant. Operation Morale Boost, Post 369, Mass.

PC Walter Curran, Jr.; VC Richard Pond, Cmdr John Conley, and Adjutant John McSharry.

Post 948, South Scranton, Pa. (photo at right), won the Dep't of Pennsylvania Legion baseball championship for 1966 by defeating Post 122, Kittanning, in the finals. In the Pennsylvania Legion's All- East, All-Star Game at Connie Mack Stadium, Philadelphia, Jim Clouser, 17- year-old Pottstown H.S. outfielder (headed for Albright College), was voted the Outstanding Player by the 37 pro ball talent scouts attending. Champions of Pennsylvania Legion Baseball for 1966: Post 948, South Scranton. 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE DECEMBER 1966 NEWS

At first glance, there's nothing remark- Alexandra Range, Antarctica. He ac- Joseph S. Long, of Riverside, Calif., Past able about the 132 volunteer hours with companied Admiral Byrd on his first Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1938- Wilmington, Del., VA Hospital patients South Pole Expedition, 1928-30, when 40). spent by Post 29 Legionnaire Milton C. "Little America" was founded, paid re- Morris. He also transports patients to the turn visits in 1962, 1965. Ferre C. Watkins, of Chicago, 111., Past Perryville, Md., VA Hospital and to Mil- Nat'l Executive Committeeman (1927- ton, N.J., in his own car and on his own Percy A. Lemoine, of Baton Rouge, La., 29). time. But Milton Morris is a paraplegic former chairman of the Legion's Nat'l veteran, confined to a wheel chair, and Child Welfare Commission, selected by Ralph B. Gregg, of Indianapolis, Ind., drives his own station wagon equipped U.S. Dep't of Agriculture as one of five for 26 years The American Legion's with hand controls! experts to make a special study in Mada- Nat'l Judge Advocate (1935-60). gascar. His specialty will be farm credit Wood River Post 204 and East Alton and rice production. Richard C. Patterson, Jr., of New York, Post 794 of the 22nd District, Dep't of a Founder of The American Legion who

Illinois, cooperate with other vet organi- Legionnaire Charles S. Dougherty, was assistant secretary of the Paris zations in sponsoring an annual Toys for Judge of the Circuit Court, Chicago, Caucus and one of the first three officers Tots program, wherein volunteers repair honored in Chicago by American Medi- of its Executive Committee and a mem- used toys and fix up food baskets for cal Center at Denver with its 1966 ber of the committee on organization. needy families. The work is done by the Honor Award for work with veterans as- Later, he served in turn as U.S. ambassa- past commanders and presidents. In the sociations and long time support of the dor to four countries. photo below is Mrs. Leo Hackethal, a AMCD. member of Auxiliary Unit 204, who each Dan W. Emmett, of Oxnard, Calif., Past year cleans, repairs, and makes clothes Dep't (1935-36) and former vice John J. Flynn, of Vallejo, Calif., chair- Cmdr for dolls. chairman some 200 man of the Legion's Nat'l Economics of the Legion's Nat'l Publica- Commission, appointed by Secretary of tions Commission (1949-62). Labor Willard Wirtz to Federal Advisory Council on Employment Security. John M. Gait, of Falls Church, Va., Past Dep't Cmdr (1943-44).

Harold A. Shindler, of Lafayette, Ind., Thomas Vince Gorey, Sr., of Joliet, 111., Legion Nat'l Historian, struck and seri- who attended both Paris and St. Louis ously injured by a car on Meridian St., Caucuses. Indianapolis, in front of the Indiana Dep't Hq. He suffered possible fracture Perry Faulkner, of Montpelier, Ohio, of the pelvis and of the hip joint, in addi- Past Dep't Cmdr of Indiana (1922-23) tion to lacerations, etc. He's convalescing and former head of U.S. Veterans Em- at the Indiana State Soldiers & Sailors ployment Service. Home, of which he is commandant. Auxiliare refurbishes 200 dolls for tots. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Edward F. McGinnis, of Washington, PEOPLE IN THE NEWS The award of a life membership to a Legion- D.C., a member of the Legion's Legisla- naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Charles L. Kessler, of Richmond, Va., kno tive Commission, appointed by President w him best that he has served The Ameri- Past Dep't Adjutant (1949-61), honored can Legion well. Johnson to the U.S. Battle Monuments Below are listed some of the previously un- by U.S. Board on Geographic Names published life membership Post awards that Commission. have naming in his honor geographical fea- been reported to the editors. They are arranged by States or Departments. ture Kessler Peak, located in Queen Reese T. Bennett (1966), Post 19, Heflin, Ala. Louis B. Roczey, Jr. (1966), Post 282, La Mesa, Calif. American Legion Life Insurance Robert Bush, of Moines, Iowa, John P. Granahan (1966), Post 352, Los Month Ending Sept. 30, 1966 H. Des Angeles, Calif. Dep't Cmdr in 1950-51, and a former A. Edward Kiefer (1966), Post 416, Encinitas, Benefits paid Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1966 769,671 Calif. Benefits paid since April 1958 3,845,134 chairman of the Legion's Nat'l Security William W. Metter (1966), Post 423, San Cle- Basic Units in force (number) 139,455 mente, Calif. New Applications approved since Commission. Anthony J. Gerhard (1966), Post 504, San Jan. 1, 1966 10,438 Diego, Calif. New Applications rejected 1,644 Frank P. Douglass, of Pine, Colo., Past Joseph J. Hannemann and Gail L. Ireland and Robert E. Lee P. American Legion Life Insurance is an official and James Logan and program of the American Legion, adopted by Dep't Cmdr of Oklahoma (1927-28). Frank P. Lynch (all 1961), Post 1, Denver, Colo. the Nat'l Executive Committee, 1958. It is re- Frank A. Prinzio (1965), Post 11, Bridgeport, ducing term insurance, issued on apphcation, Conn. subject to approval based on health and em- Dr. Charles W. Hoshall, of Jones, Okla., Charles V. Jones (1966), Post 4, Lakeland, Fla. ployment statement to paid up members of The Jimmy Bone (1966), Post 14. Elberton, Ga. a of the Legion's Internal American Legion. Death benefits range from member Af- Kenneth O. Hill (1964), Post 66, DeKalb. 111. $9,200 (full unit up to age 35) in reducing steps fairs Commission. Dale Slater (1966), Post 95, Vandalia, 111. with age to termination of insurance at end August Sturtewagon (1966), Post 724, Atkin- of year in which 75th birthday occurs. For son, 111. calendar is year 1966 there a 15% "across the Joseph H. Thompson, of Savannah, Ga., Fred Kirchner (1966), Post 1156, Calumet board" increase in benefits to all participants Park, 111. in the group insurance plan. Available in half who attended the Legion's Paris Caucus. George A. Hochbaum (1965), Post 20, Crown and full units at flat rate of $12 or $24 a year Point, Ind. on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during Carl N. Kilgus (1966), Post 82, Fort Wayne, first year at $1 or $2 a month for insurance Clarence W. Bird, of Chevy Chase, Md., Ind. approved after Jan. 1. Underwritten by two Harold E. Fuller (1966), Post 178, Garrett, commercial life insurance companies, Ameri- Director of The American Legion's Nat'l Ind. can Legion Insurance Trust Fund managed by Economics Commission, a heart Everett J. Stutzman (1966), Post 386, Glidden, trustee operating imder the laws of Missouri. from Iowa. other insurance No may use the full words attack suffered while attending the an- Fernan E. Bailey and William Benoit and "American Legion." Administered by The John Boullion and Alex Breaux and Don American Legion Insurance Department, P. fall O. nual meeting of the Nat'l Executive Cormier (all 1965), Post 208, Vinton, La. Box 5609, Chicago, 111. 60680, to which write for more details. Committee in Indianapolis. {Continued on page 40) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 39 :

NEWS

Gordon Allen W. (1966), Post 197, West Yar- THE AMERICAN LEGION 124th Cav, Tp F— (July) E. L. Warren, P.O. Box mouth, Mass. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 280, Mineral Wells, Tex. 76067 George W. Munns (1959) and William P. SE PTEMBER 30, 1 966 152nd Inf, Co I (WW2)— (July) Pha Wood, Jr., Pratt Post (1966), 70, Nutley, N.J. ASSETS 2432 Pearl St., Anderson, Ind. 46014 William RolUns (1965), Post 70, Saratoga 166th (July) Casli on liand and on deposit $ 1,254,589.68 AAA Gun Bn— Walter E. Hobbs, Springs. N.Y. 3016 50th, Receivable 370,534.42 SW Oklahoma City, Okla. William E. Christie (1966), Post 232, Clinton, 217th Inventories 364,221.75 CAAA, Bat C (Redesignated 494th AAA N.Y. Gun Bn, Bat B (July) Invested Funds 2,643,856.04 SM)— Herman N. Chauncey McGowan (1963) and Orville P. Trust Funds Anderson, 1207 Elm St., Alexandria, Minn. Snay (1964) and Peter L. Young (1965), Post Overseas Graves Decoration 267th Port Co— (June) Robert L. Hamm, 4210 278, Schuylerville, Maple Ave., Brookfield, 111. N.Y. Trust Fund 287,986.45 60513 317th Field Abraham S. Robinson (1964) and Irving.. Employees Retirement Sig Bn (WWl)— (Apr.) Irving C. Besalier Austin, 41 Locksley Rd., Lynnfield, (1966), Post 340, New York, N.Y. Trust Fund 3,828,484.52 4,116,470.97 Mass. Walter C. Brennan and Frank Bonadonna 337th Inf— (July) Charles R. Biddle, Rt. 4, Box and Real Estate 820,324.23 Joe DiLoreto and Frank W. Freiss Harry 535A, Greensboro, N.C. and Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 195,997.78 J. Gitlin (all 1966), Post 391, Brooklyn, 338th Inf (WW2)— (Apr.) R. C. Souder, P.O. N.Y. Deferred Charges 114,261.59 Edward R. Van Wicklin (1966), Post 603, Box 4248, Macon, Ga. 31208 Rochester, N.Y. $9,880,256.46 415th Rwy Telegraph Bn (AEF)— (Apr.) H. A. Edward Bolster (1965) and Alfonso A. Cala- LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Burkhardt, 2737 W. 87th St., Evergreen Park, 111. 60642 brese (1966), Post 1099, New York, N.Y. & NET WORTH 479th Amphib Truck Co— (July) Charles Skel- James A. McQuilling (1966), Post 1242, New Current Liabilities $ 518,027.71 ton, Chrisney, Ind. 47611 York, N.Y. Funds Restricted as to use 29,288.98 551st MP Escort Guard Co— (July) E. W. Lita- Joseph A. Ryan (1966), Post 1293, Jamaica, Deferred Income 1,578,603.73 ker, 721 Wen-le Dr., Sumter, S.C. 29150 N.Y. Trust Funds 567th AAA AW Bn— (July) Floyd G. Shelton, Walter L. Horan and Harry H. Traver (both Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Fund 287,986.45 1905 College St., Newberry, S.C. 29108 1965) , Post 1467, Staatsburg. N.Y. Employees Retirement 634th Tank Dest Bn, Co C— (June) Frank G. Lawrence J. Sabo (1966), Post 1711, Levit- Weisbrod, Rt. Cambridge, Minn. Trust Fund 3,828,484.52 4,116,470.97 2, town, N.Y. 713th Rwy Oper (July) Orville K, Reyn- Net Worth: Bn— Dr. Herbert Paul Wirth (1966), Post 1755, olds, 931 5th St., Union Beach, N.J. 07735 Reserve Fund New York, N.Y. 75,119.11 732nd Rwy Oper Bn (WW2)— (July) Ralph B. Restricted Fund 821,325.68 Randall Buchanan (1960) and Max Gorsuch Rogers, Jr., 6306 Shelboume St., Philadelphia, (1961) and Edgar Bagot and George Barthold Real Estate 820,324.23 Pa. 19111 (both 1964), Post 33, Steubenville, Ohio. Reserve for Reliabilitation 484,245.84 750th Eng Hvy Shop Co— (June) William W. Reserve for Child Welfare 110,346.71 Robert Bailey and Ezra O. Lancaster and Leonard, 8952 S. Carpenter St., Chicago, 111. Reserve for .... 60,000.00 Bryan W. Robertson (all 1966), Post 129, Still- Convention 753rd Rwy Shop Bn & Affiliates— (June) Ray Reserve for Mail List water, Okla. Tittle, Rt. 1, Huron, Ohio 44839 Ralph Bowen and Orlie Davis and Joe Eck- Conversion 289,034.84 818th, 819th, 820th MP— (June) Howard B. man and Warren Forman (all 1961), Post 35, 2,660,396.41 Rembold, 512 Kenmore Ave., Bel Air, Md. Portland, Ore. Unrestricted Capital 977,468.66 3,637,865.07 1396th MP Co (Aviation)— (June) Cecil C. Shil- James De Pizzo and Leo Joseph Krinks (both $9,880,256.46 lingburg, 667 Washington Ave., Barberton,

1966) , Post 162, Sharpsville, Pa. Ohio 44203 Ed Martin (1966), Post 175, Washington, Pa. Ambulance Service (WWl)— (July) James J. Leo A. Achterman, Sr. and C. B. Altemose OUTFIT REUNIONS Cummings, 803 E. Tioga St., Philadelphia, and Giles H. Burlingame and Montgomery F. Pa. 19134 Crowe and Elmer Heffer (all 1966), Post 346, Reunion will be held in month indicated. For East Stroudsburg, Pa. particulars, write person whose address is NAVY Robert D. Pry and Ira M. Shoup and Calvin given. 4th Marine Div— (June) Herbert B. Newman, J. Taylor (all 1965) and George E. Meyar Notices accepted on official form only. For 50 Sharon Rd., Triangle, Va. 22172 (1966), Post 380, Dravosburg, Pa. form send stamped, addressed return envelope 6th Marines, 97th Co (WWl)—Donald J. Mills, Fred Caldwell and Julian Faure and Amie to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 642 Forest Ave., Evanston, 111. Gilles (all 1966), Post 573, Dunlo, Pa. 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices 20th Seabees— (July) N. A. Cotner, M.D., Grove, Andrew J. Kurtzrock (1965) and Charles E. should be received at least five months before Okla. Munn (1966), Post 785, Glenshaw, Pa. scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary 61st Seabees— (July) J. Odus Fuller 616 Glenn- David A. Arnott (1964), Post 34, Shannock, to get form. dale Ave., Decatur, Ga. 30030 R.I. Earliest submission favored when volume of Aerial Gunnery Instructors (WW2)— (Apr.) Art Joseph O. Wittman (1965), Post 139, Seattle, requests is too great to print all. Durando, c/o Pachmayr, 1220 S. Grand, Los Wash. Angeles, Calif. Matt A. Mueller (1966), Post 382, Menomonee ARMY LST 999 (WW2)— (June) N. J. Pratt, 106 Wyn- Falls, Wis. ona Dr., Marietta, Ga. 2nd Div— (Feb.) Lawrence S. Chermak, P.O. Tuscania Survivors (Feb.) Edward T. Lauer, Box 42262, Los Angeles, Calif. 90042 — Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Sr., 8035 Stickney Ave., Wauwatosa, Wis. 3rd Arm'd Div— (July) Paul Corrigan, 38 tion only on an official form, which we provide. W. Underwater Demo. Teams 19, 20 (May) John Exchange St., Lynn, Mass. 01901 — Reports received only from Commander, Ad- Kurkomelis, 1168 Beach 9th St., Far Rock- jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded 3rd Div— (July) Clarence R. Watson, Box 6, away, N.Y. the life membership. Graham, Wash. 98338 USS Bunker Hill (CV 17)— (June) Walter R. They may get form by sending stamped, self- 4th Arm'd Div— (June) Risden L. Fountain, Miller, 741 Columbus Ave., Phillipsburg, N.J. addressed return envelope to: 4414 Volta PI. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 USS Card (WW2)— (July) Frank L. Laka- "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 6th Arm'd Div— (July) Edward F. Reed, P.O. nookie. 972 Buckingham La., Mamaroneck, 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. Box 492, Louisville, Ky. 40201 N.Y. On a comer of the return envelope write the 8th Arm'd Div— (July) Henry B. Rothenberg, USS Georgia (1910-14)— (Apr.) Memery Wyatt, number of names you wish to report. No written Rm. 1300, 134 N. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. 113 N. 13th St., Donna, Tex. 78537 letter necessary to get forms. 12th Rwy Eng (WWl)— (Mar.) Joseph P. Haley, USS Leviathan (WWl) — (Apr.) R. Lincoln 733 W. Portland, Phoenix, Ariz. 85007 Hedlander, 45 E. Putnam Ave., Greenwich, 17th Inf, Co E (WW2)— (July) Joseph Moraw- Conn. NEW POSTS ski, Jr., 5313 W. Warner Ave., Chicago, 111. USS Lexington (CV 2)— (June) Walter D. 23rd Reg't Eng (WWl)— (Apr.) Herman Velick, Reed, 5608 Ocean View Dr., Oakland, Calif. The American Legion has recently 1.501 Stillwater Dr., Miami Beach, Fla. USS North Carolina— (Jime) Patrick Fonzi, 145 25th Div— (July) John V. Baisey, Jr., Brent- Glen Caladh St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15207 chartered the following new posts: shire Apt. A-11, Pyramid Dr., Brentwood, Pa. USS Reid (DD 369)— (July) Robert T. Sneed, Lena Vaughan Whitney Post 63, 30th Div— (July) Saul Solow, 42 Parkway Dr., 1537 N. 59th St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53208 Syosset, N.Y. 11791 USS Saginaw Bay (CVE 82)— (June) Phillip L. Mesa, Ariz.; Finney-Collison Post 283, 37th Eng (WWD— (Mar.) James A. Graver, 2201 Hall, P.O. Box 944, Marion, Ind. USS Richard W. Suesens (DE 342)— (Apr.) Cal Bald Knob, Ark.; South El Monte Post Cleveland St., McKeesport, Pa. 15132 44th Cav Recon Tp— (July) Raymond Black, Krause, 422 S. Dewey Ave., JefEerson, Wis. 407, South El Monte, Calif.; Sun City 326 Quaker Ridge Rd., Timonium, Md. USS Swanson (DD443)— ( July) J. D. Cahill, 1126 Pleasant Pines Rd., Mt. Pleasant, S.C. Center Post 246, Sun City Center, Fla.; 45th Div— (June) Lloyd K. Avers, 2205 N. Cen- tral, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73105 Marion Post 369, Marion, La.; Edward 63rd Div— (July) Edward G. Witt, 1790 Edsel AIR Dr., Trenton, Mich. 48183 89th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (June) Walter Thor- A. Post 337, St. Paul, Minn.; Whebbe 63rd Sig Bn— (July) J. R. Turner, Jr.. 56 N. stenberg. Mentor, Kans. 67465 Wolverine Memorial Post 196, Harbor Cedar St., McDonough, Ga. 30253 91st Bomb Gp Hvy (ETC 1942-45)— (July) Paul 82nd Airborne Div— (July) Carl L. Davis, 159 Chryst, 1458 Hilltop Rd., Pottstown, Pa. 19464 Creek Township, Pa. Gibson Ave., Mansfield, Ohio 44907 350th Fighter Gp. 345th Sqdn— (July) Jake Kingsbury, Wesley Ave., Collinsville, 111. Also, the following Philippines posts: 93rd Arm'd Field Art'y Bn— (June) D. L. Beet- 2106 zel. First National Bank, Springfield, 111. 62701 62234 Gat. Andres Bonifacio Post 39, Caloo- 96th Div— (July) Richard Klassen, 929 S. Myr- 384th Bomb Gp— (Apr.) Samuel F. Arauz, P.O. tle, Kankakee, 111. 60901 Box 1942, Fort Washington, Pa. 19034 can City, Rizal; Lt. Eligio Post Yabyabin 99th Div— (July) Harry Crossey, 5941 W. Leland 403rd Tp Carrier Gp, Hq & 13th, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 66th Sqdns— (July) Lorren L. Perdue. 44, Isabela, Basilan City; Mike Ver Post Ave., Chicago, 111. 60630 106th Cav— (June) Raymond McGee, 600 E. P.O. Box 3342, Montgomery, Ala. 36109 (July) L. C. Mosshart, 46, San Pablo City; Mt. Banahaw Post University Ave., Urbana, 111. 61801 914th QM Co (WW2)— 4205 Morrow, Waco, Tex. 76710 47, Quezon City; Col. Andres Soriano 109th Eng, Co A (WWl)— (June) Gordon J. Dinsmore, Box 6107, Coralville, Iowa 52243 Memorial Post 50, Makati, Rizal. 110th Inf, Co C— (July) Clifford W. Saylor, 231 MISCELLANEOUS W. Church St., Somerset, Pa. 15501 Also: Northeast El Paso Post 510, El American Battleship— (June) Davis C. Graham, 119th Field Art'y— (May) Oscar S. Diehl, 1504 P.O. Box 11199, San Diego, Calif. 92111 Paso, Tex.; and Lt. John Robert Ball Massachusetts Ave., Lansing, Mich. 48906 Pennsylvania Survivors of Pearl Harbor Attack 122nd Field Art'y, Bat B (WWl)— (Jime) Al — (July) Samuel P. Zangari, Cool Creek Rd., Post 65, Charleston, W. Va. Korcz 5758 Warwick Ave., Chicago, 111. 60634 Wrightsville, Pa. 17368 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 . . .

If you're under 30, you can get $11,500

of life insurance for 1^ a day.

Last year we made two improvements in your Official If your application is not accepted, your $24 will be American Legion Life Insurance Plan. promptly refunded. 1) We increased ail benefits at all ages by 15% American Legion life insurance. Designed by throughout 1966. Legionnaires for Legionnaires.

2) We fixed it so that insured members could keep Amount of insurance, determined by age* their coverage all the way to age 75. Total These two improvements will remain in effect Basic Coverage throughout 1967. Age Full Unit During 1967 But now we've added another one. Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 Effective January 1, 1967, the basic full unit of in- 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 surance for Legionnaires under 30 will be $10,000. 35-44 4,500 5,175.00 With the extra 15%, that's $11,500. (In the State of 45-54 2,200 2,530.00 Ohio, the benefits are different.) 55-59 1,200 1,380.00

And the cost is still way low. Just $2 a month. 60-64 800 920.00 65-69 To apply, mail the application with your check for 500 575.00 70-74 330 379.50 $24. That takes care of you throughout all of next *After you s\[in up, your coverage gradually reduces. year. Normally no medical examination is required.

OFFICIAL APPLICATION for YEARLY LIFE AMERICAN RENEWABLE TERM INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION LEGION PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION LIFE INSURANCE Full Name Birth Date PLAN Last First Middle Day Year Permanent Residence IMPORTANT Street No. City State If you reside in New Name of Beneficiary _ .Relationship York, North Carolina, Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- sin, Illinois, New Jer- Membership Card No. Year Post No. .State sey, or Puerto Rico, I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 do not use this form. Q The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this Instead, write to The application: American Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. 1. Present occupation? . Are you now actively working? Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680. Appli- Yes No If No, give reason. cations and benefits 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of vary slightly in some

areas. If your applica- stay and cause tion is not accepted, 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes your premium will be refunded. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details . MAIL TO: I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, ail statements and answers AMERICAN LEGION recorded on this application are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under LIFE INSURANCE the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may PLAN, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. P. 0. BOX 5609, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Dated. -,19. Signature of Applicant. 60680 OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-6 ED. 5-63 7-130

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 4I THE GREAT INDONESIAN BLOOD BATH of delivering more than 1,700 PKIs to (Continued from page 11) the army. Where the army wasn't present in When the coup failed, Aidit fled to a through the Communist net and com- force, mobs took over themselves. friend's house in the village of Solo. Mili- pletely crushed the revolt in Jakarta. The hunt scoured the huge island tary police, on Nov. 21, ripped open a With their control of the army intact, chain, from little Timor near Australia bamboo cupboard in a corner of the they then smashed the Red takeover in — through Bali, Java, Sumatra and many bungalow and found him crouching Jogjakarta within four days. — lesser isles. there. Before the next dawn he was shot With the imminent crisis over, the There was little chance for the most and tossed into an unmarked grave. Su- army had no difficulty in understanding active Communists in the villages to karno, whose "impending death" seems why the Red purge had failed, or how escape. The PKI had operated openly as to have kicked off the whole volcano, it might have succeeded. This was an old- the most favored of three political parties outlived him. fashioned revolt, aimed at taking the seat under Sukarno. Members of the other The Great Leader returned to Jakarta, of Government with a quick smash by two major parties the Moslem Scholars disclaimed any part in the plot and gave a small force, and it was crushed by a — and the Nationalists were entirely the victorious army generals the ticklish counterattack that succeeded in holding — familiar with their local PKI rivals. They problem of what to do with him. Com- the seat of Government. knew and where they were. They munist or no. Bung Karno remained a More modern Red methods would who hated them as atheists and as Sukarno's hero to millions of Indonesians. He was choke the cities off with armed guerrilla favorites. They hated them as tools of the super being who gave them a na- forces operating in the countryside. But Red China and as members of a world tional identity after years of colonialism, as we have seen, the Communists had no political force of murder, terror, torture and a dream of a Greater Indonesia. His well-trained armed guerrilla force in and violence. Until the purge threw the lavish palaces, his many women, his Indonesia. Major Gen. Sumitro, army whole country into a spasm of blood- monuments to himself and his general commander in East Java, recently told letting, political murder was considered mismanagement had bankrupted the na- N.Y. Times correspondent Seymour "un-Indonesian." tion—but they had only enhanced Su- Topping: "If Aidit had been allowed to karno's popularity. It made a pleasing organize his 'Fifth Force,' he would have OF THE mutilated generals image to a people whose colonial over- moved to take over in Central and East PHOTOS and the image of Nasution's slain lords had viewed them as ignorant, dirty Java." The Communists were strongest little daughter stirred millions of Indo- natives not so long ago. in East and Central Java and even today nesians to a rage of which they had not While the army and many of his peo- Sukarno remains most popular there. been thought capable. When the Mos- ple mercilessly hunted down his former From both the political and the mili- lems in Kediri, East Java, slew 25,000 of friends, Sukarno kept his title. And he tary point of view, so long as Indonesian the city's supposed 125,000 Commu- kept much of his power until he and Communists still numbered more than 3 nists, the Iman of Kediri told newsmen: foreign minister Subandrio made a pair million members under militant local "The Communists deserved the people's of mistakes in February. But that's get- leaders, the army victory might be only wrath." ting ahead of the story. temporary. Under Sukarno's patronage, the PKI had developed the most potent The army selected and trained some civilian groups to help carry out the WHAT WENT WRONG with the Com- political organization in the country. It purge. was a youth group called the munist coup back on Oct. 1? Its controlled many local governments. It One surprise was sufficient to allow several had infiltrated the armed forces them- Tamins, who dressed in black and operated as teams. PKI members Communist youth cadres and two bat- selves at all levels, as the roles of Col. Many talions of Communist soldiers under Col. Untung and Air Vice Marshal Dhani hanged themselves or took poison when that the ap- Untung to seize the six doomed generals, had so recently demonstrated. The PKI they heard Tamins were their village. Another was take them to a big pit at the Halim air also manipulated to some extent 20 mil- proaching the organization of the base called the Crocodile Hole, torture lion people in typical Red-front organi- Anser, youth Moslem Scholars' party. Anser helped them, kill them, mutilate them and toss zations, and if it needed help to grow a track the PKIs down in East Java, them into the hole. new head it had a direct wire to Red giant peas- But they missed the two top generals. China. sometimes slaying them with both the Gen. Abdul Haris Nasution, the ant scythes. In Central Java Moslem and Nationalist parties joined defense minister and builder of the Indo- THE ARMY REACTED swiftly to the Con- nesian Army, slipped through a window tinuing danger. Soldiers moved sys- in the hunt. when they arrived and jumped over a tematically from hamlet to hamlet. They The fabled island of Bali was quiet rear wall. The enraged Communists shot interrogated villagers, then questioned until Dec. 16, when hundreds of students and killed his five-year-old daughter, but suspected Communists—to release some, suddenly went on a rampage, killing all in Nasution escaped. try some and execute still others on the known and suspected PKIs the town The Reds stormed the wrong house spot. As late as last May, Seth King re- of Se.setam in a single night. On the when they went for Gen. Suharto, com- ported that the parade of suspects be- western end of Bali, mobs sacked the mander of all Indonesian combat troops. fore army officers in the former USIA palace of the Rajah of Negara, who had Aroused by the misdirected gunfire, he library building in Jogjakarta still con- allowed the PKI to meet on palace jumped into his car and sped to army tinued, and that 65,000 people had been grounds. Servants and family were killed, headquarters to organize a counter- rounded up by Central Java's Dipone- but the Rajah appears to have died of a attack. Indonesians missed the 7 p.m. goro army division since the day of the heart attack.

radio news on Oct. 1, 1965, because at bungled Communist coup. At the peak of Local Communist headquarters that moment commandos flown in by the reprisals, canals and rivers were proved to be traps for PKI leaders. Stu- Suharto from Bandung, 120 miles away, sometimes choked with bodies. dents cornered 40 of them in their party were recapturing the broadcasting sta- Where the army was present in force, building in Medan, Sumatra's biggest tion. Other troops under Nasution and students formed militia groups to cap- city, then threw gasoline on the building Suharto besieged the Halim air base, ture and identify PKI members for the and burned it. In another Sumatran

and it fell after a brief skirmish. Within soldiers. Students of just two such town, Moslem youths pursued PKI 20 hours the two biggest fish had slipped groups told a U.S. newsman last spring {Continued on page 44) 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 American Legion Gifts

A. RING. Solid back sterling silver K. BILLFOLD. Courier by Amity. with highlighted die struck em- Smooth cowhide with removable blem. Specify size. money clip and accordion pass No. 74002 $5.00 case. Black (No. 74462) or Brown (No. 74463) $6.00 B. JACKET. Nylon windbreaker in Navy Blue (No. 70271) or White MATCHED JEWELRY for men. Tu- (No. 70275) Small, med., large, Tone. Die struck emblem in silver Xlarge $6.95 finish background with yellow highlights. C. FLAG PIN. Sparkling colored L. Shorty Tie Bar No. 74627 $1.50 stones in yellow gold finish. M. Tie Chain No. 74628. . 1.50 No. 80096 $1.75 N. Tie Tack No. 74629 . . 1.50

MATCHED ACCESSORIES by Lady O. Cuff Links. No. 74630 . 2.50 Buxton. Delicately decorated grained cowhide. Specify black, P. NEW. Pendant watch. Old fash- white, or light blue. ioned appearance in modern styla. One year guarantee. D. Billfold with removable pass No. 34210 ...... $9.95 case. No. 34401 $5.00

E. French Clutch with 7" triple R. NEW. Pendant watch. Tassel frame. No. 34404 $5.95 removes to wear as wrist watch. One year guarantee. F. Key-Tainer. Contoured steel No. 34211 $9.95 frame with 4 loops. No. 34407 $3.95 S. T.BALL JOTTER by Parker. Full year of skip-proof writing. MEMBERSHIP BUTTONS; No. 74625 $1.98 G. Midget H. Regulation T. VU-LIGHTER. Scripto lighter in lOK $2.40 lOK $3.30 popular petite size. Emblem in 14K $3.30 14K $4.80 visual fuel supply. Lifetime guarantee. No. 74902 $4.00 J. Diamond Buttons. Any of the above set with full cut diamonds. U. DESK RADIO SET. Popular new Add the following diamond and 8 transistor radio in black leather setting cost; and chrome desk set with Parker 3 point $10.00 Jotter pen. Black and silver letter opener for modern offices. Name 5 point 17.00 only engraved free on plate. 8 point 24.00 No. 74222 $19.95

ON ALL ORDERS UNDER $3.00, ADD 25(i POSTAGE AND HANDLING

THE AMERICAN LEGION, NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES >2^ P.O. Box 1964, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206

Enclosed is $ , Please rush the following

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 43 —

THE GREAT INDONESIAN BLOOD BATH rounded the Ministry of Basic Educa- (Continued from page 42) tion, hoisting their banner atop the building. Others swarmed to the foreign members from floor to floor of their Subandrio went him one better by de- ministry looking for Subandrio, who had headquarters, flinging them from win- manding that both Gen. Nasution and discreetly moved elsewhere. dows to be seized and hacked by waiting Gen. Suharto be tried for their part in crowds below. On another island, sol- the purge of the Communists. That did Sukarno's troubles grew worse the next day when Gen. Suharto advised him diers machinegunned 100 Reds who it. The army commanders were in no were cornered in a building. mood to take orders from Subandrio, by letter that the army intended to arrest 16 cabinet it Inevitably the mob violence got en- long the Number Two mouthpiece of the ministers considered pro- Communist or corrupt or both. tirely out of hand in some places, result- pro-Communist fulminations of Su- Sukarno angrily pigeonholed the letter. ing in numerous killings for personal karno's government. reasons carried out under the cloak of the Quickly the military rallied behind On March 8, students attacked Red purge. In the larger cities, where such Gen. Suharto, the quiet career officer China's consulate in Jakarta, using a violent passions could lead to complete who proved to be more deft at political steamroller to smash through the gates. anarchy, the army kept a tighter lid on in-fighting than Nasution. It is plain that The youths turned the building into a things itself. For months, in Jakarta, Gen. Suharto decided that the Great shambles, then proceeded to burn disciplined block-by-block night searches Leader must turn over his powers and Chinese officials' cars and sack the office of Peking's official sought out Communists, hidden arms eventually be removed. It is as plain that New China News and evidence of Communist activities. he decided that Sukarno's reduction must Agency. Prisoners were quietly trucked out of be engineered by civilians, not by the Then a student contingent boldly town before dawn, and daylight saw no army. Gen. Suharto carefully avoided broke into Subandrio's foreign office. such bloody scenes as it did in more re- any public criticism of the president. Surprised guards fired tear gas, but the mote places. Nor did he protest when Sukarno con- youngsters clamped handkerchiefs over

tinued issuing sweeping decrees, but it their faces and romped through the building destroying archives and tossing BY MIDWINTER the frenzy had spent was noticed that the army paid little at- itself, though the systematic search tention to his orders. confidential papers out of the windows. for PKIs by the army continued into the Gen. Suharto began to exert pressure Sukarno arrived at the building shortly

spring. from backstage. Most of it came from after the kids had left. "This is no longer Then began the ticklish job of restor- two anti-Communist student unions a political game," he shouted as he stared ing political order, a weird and confused Kami (university students) and Kappi at the damage. "This is counterrevolu- chapter that is far from finished yet. (public school students), both of which tion!" Sukarno returned to his palace as had been suppressed when the Com- The incensed president summoned president, with an air of innocence of munists held sway under the late D.N. leaders of Indonesia's political parties to the Red coup. He continued to make his Aidit. his palace and demanded that they issue celebrated speeches calling on all Indo- With Gen. Suharto's encouragement, a joint statement denouncing the stu- nesians to "follow my teachings." His they became a powerful weapon against dents. Most of the leaders refused at first, cabinet returned, too, including his pro- Sukarno, harassing him almost daily but when Sukarno threatened to throw China foreign minister, Subandrio. They with noisy demonstrations outside his them in jail, they put out a half-hearted acted as if nothing involving them had palace, while the old man looked on in statement saying they "cannot agree with happened. If that seems strange from a helpless rage. Student leaders consulted the methods employed by school-going distance, one must remember that for 20 with Gen. Suharto constantly and the children." years Sukarno has been a sort of George student unions operated under army pro- This enraged both the students and Washington and Abraham Lincoln rolled tection. They often used army trucks to their families. The following day, the into one to the Indonesian masses. transport their followers from one dem- parties put out a second statement ex- One must remember, too, that the onstration to another. plaining lamely that they had not had army, though now in actual power, had "The Kami has become a tool for time to think over the first one before it no political base on which to take over social control," Gen. Suharto blandly was issued. the Government outright. To do it by told newsmen when questioned about the Sukarno called an emergency cabinet main force could bring new rebellion. charmed life the youngsters seem to lead. meeting for March 1 1. warning his min- The political leaders (not the youth) of "I like to consider them as the parlia- isters to get there before 6 a.m. to avoid the Moslem and Nationalist parties, both ment of the streets." being waylaid on the streets by roaming quite strong in East and Central Java and Sukarno seemed to understand noth- students. By this time more than half suspicious of "big city" doings in Jakarta, ing of the new order, and felt that—as a million youngsters from all over In- had been happy to join with the army to of old—he could do anything he pleased donesia had poured into Jakarta and were destroy their common enemy. But not by appealing directly to the masses. In paralyzing the main streets. Apparently with any idea of setting up a permanent February, ignoring the growing clamor getting wind of Sukarno's precautions, military government. Navy and air force to ban the PKI as a political party, he the students turned out early on March leaders were also jealous of the new boldly appointed several known pro- 1 1 . They held up half a dozen ministers powers of the army. Communists to his cabinet! The students for four hours, forcing the president to In all this, Sukarno now became a responded by racing through Jakarta, delay the meeting until 10 a.m. pawn. All through 1966, no charges rioting, slashing car tires and finally For more than an hour, Sukarno ha- were leveled at him by the army. He was storming the president's palace. Cha- rangued his ministers. At 11:05 a.m., accepted at first as the figurehead na- grined, the president finally canceled the he looked up impatiently when an aide tional political leader under which the new appointments. handed him a note. After a glance, he army could rule if they "saved his face" On March 1, when Sukarno tried to paled and began reading intently. by saying nothing of his guilt. clamp an offical ban on Kami, their "There is a company of irregular But Sukarno didn't play that game. He junior allies in Kappi quickly reacted. On troops outside the palace to kidnap the acted as if nothing had changed. In March 3, thousands of high school president and ministers," the note said. February, he fired Gen. Nasution as de- youngsters surged into Jakarta. One The meeting broke up as Sukarno and fense minister. Then foreign minister group of boys and girls quickly sur- Subandrio hastened to a helicopter to 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 a

fly to the summer palace at Bogor, 40 miles away. Subandrio left in such haste PERSONAL that he left his shoes under the conference table. CHRISTMAS GIFT TRENDS. THAT NIGHT, Gen. Suharto sent a dele- LIFE gation of three generals to Bogor to INSURANCE LOANS. warn Sukarno that he could no longer UNWANTED guarantee his safety from mob violence MERCHANDISE. unless he turned over emergency powers Although some metals have been in short supply lately, Christmas mer- to Suharto. The delegation also insisted chandise this year will be just about as plentiful as ever. But prices will be that Sukarno sign a statement expressing up 3% to 5%—and probably will keep moving that way in the months ahead. full confidence in the armed forces. In Color television is sure to be an enormous seller. About 900,000 sets will return it was agreed to let Sukarno stay change hands this December, so you may have to do some shopping around on as nominal president. and compromising to get color in time for the holidays. Sukarno wearily reached for a pen Personal grooming aids will be another popular gift category. This in- and signed the decree. It was enough for cludes electric toothbrushes, shavers, hair dryers, massagers, manicure Gen. Suharto. He quickly banned the sets, shoe polishers and cordless clothes brushes. One item that looks like an PKI and arrested Subandrio, ordering especially fast mover is a $19.95 "Steam /Press Valet" by Westinghouse— that he stand trial on charges of subver- beardless iron you fill with water, plug in, and whisk the creases out of your sion and corruption. The presidential clothing. guard was disbanded and Gen. Suharto If you're figuring on buying a major appliance, remember that 1) the replaced it with his own troops, to keep trend now is away from white toward green, coppertone and even red, and Sukarno a virtual prisoner. The presi- 2) dishwashers are a growing favorite. dent was allowed to continue making Tape recorders and players, portable radios and cameras again will be speeches and going through the motions high on shopping hsts, and this year they will have an extra attraction: of office, but he was forbidden to go any- Their prices are relatively stable. One reason is that competition (especially where except shuttle between his palaces foreign) is so severe. in Bogor and Jakarta.

Former Defense Minister Nasution, Because of high interest rates, borrowing against life insurance has been after months of giving counsel from the on the rise. Here's why: shadows, was named chairman of the • The rates are very low—around 5%. provisional people's consultative con- • There are no "hidden" charges. The 5% is the simple annual rate. gress, the nation's top legislative body. Remember that you can borrow up to 95% of the so-called "cash value" of a life insurance policy (but not term or group policies) for as long as you SUKARNO WAS a hard loser. A short need the money. If you pass away before you repay, the loan is deducted time later he told guests at a palace from what your beneficiary gets. dinner that he knew potent forces were But that contingency can be avoided, too. To get around it, you can buy trying to ease him out. Then he shook term insurance with the dividends from your original policy and thus more his head emphatically. or less offset the loan. And, in most cases, interest charges are tax deductible. "They can assassinate me, they can kill me, but they will never topple me," This is the time of year when you are apt to find unordered merchandise he declared. (usually gadgets) on your doorstep. How do you handle the situation? In reality, quite the opposite has hap- • If the goods came from a religious or charitable institution (key chains pened so far. The army has no desire to and similar trinkets), they probably were sent in the hope you would make assassinate the aging folk hero, but Su- a contribution. If you don't, that's that. Keep the trinket. • karno has been, for all practical pur- If the merchandise has some value, it may very well be the result of a poses, toppled. His image with the racket (there's been a recent one in light bulbs). Here's what the postal laws masses is being undermined, his ties with say: You don't have to pay for the goods and you don't have to send them Red China destroyed. The new Govern- back. Moreover, some states (New York, for one) have supplementary laws ment has made its peace with Malaysia, prohibiting the forwarding and delivery of unordered merchandise by rejoined the United Nations and put an means other than the mails. If the sender nevertheless harasses you, notify end to fulminations against "Western your Better Business Bureau.

imperialism." When Sukarno still tries Occasionally, reputable people (the book or record clubs) may send you to go over the army's head to the masses, some of their wares after you have canceled. They just couldn't turn the howling youths of Kami and Kappi are faucet off in time. In such cases, they usually ask return of the goods at there to hoot and jeer him, and cry for their expense. If you don't oblige, they probably will forgive you rather publication of his guilt. As these words than risk your ill will. went to press, the trial of Subandrio ended and he was sentenced to death. The offshore vacation season again is going to be a whopper and cruise In addition to being Sukarno's foreign ships are in for a bonanza. minister, Subandrio had been his Air Traveling by ship (which often is your hotel all the way) costs about $30 Marshal. Now the army leaders have per day per person, minimum. Heaviest traffic will be to St. Thomas, San turned to Air Vice Marshal Omar Dhani, Juan, Curasao, Martinique, Barbados, Jamaica, Nassau, La Guaira and Port who had harbored the forces of the Red of Spain (in that order). Bermuda ranks high, too—though it's becoming plot of October 1965 at the Halim base. more of an airport than a seaport. The same goes for Mexico and Hawaii. Dhani's trial is next, and the outcome is In all, vacation prices are up some (it's pretty hard to cite an exact figure, almost certain, for Dhani's guilt was but 5% would be in the ballpark). The months with the big bookings are more open than Subandrio's. December, February and March. —By Edgar A. Grunwald THE END THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 45 )

for a doctor if possible. Otherwise you have LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS no alternative but to wait until the attack subsides, which it will in most cases eventually, and the victim can be moved.

First Aid For Outdoorsmen SPORTSMAN'S FIRST AID KIT is a handy item for outdoor types. In addition to the usual items you'd expect, this kit also BEFORE TAKING THAT hunting, fishing or Antivenom serum rarely is necessary. In has scissors, forceps, water purification camping trip into the boondocks, be sure fact, many authorities have concluded that to learn at least the basic rules of First Aid. there is just as much danger from infection Nobody is immune to accidents, and the life or a severed artery resulting from amateur you save may be your own. surgery as there is from the snake bite! The

A First Aid Kit is a necessity. Drugstores old cut-and-suck treatment of a rattlesnake sell them ready-made, or you can assemble bite, consisting of an X-cut with a razor your own in little plastic boxes. You needn't blade and suction to draw out the serum, carry it on you at all times, but it shouldn't should not be used when it is possible to be any farther away than your car, camp get the victim to a doctor within an hour or or boat. Its Band-aids, pads and antiseptics two. Meanwhile, he should be kept com- will take care of minor injuries and prevent pletely inactive. The same is true for the infection. Add an anesthetic ointment for copperhead and moccasin. The bite of the reducing pain, and antiseptic pills for puri- coral snake needs more immediate treat- fying drinking water. Also a few ammonia ment, however. All snakes aren't poisonous, inhalants. If you must travel light, put a so try to get a close look at the attacker. If few Band-aids and a small tube of antibiotic it's a poisonous species, the head will be tri- J & J's Sportsman's First Aid Kit. ointment in your pocket. angular with a shallow pit behind each eye. bite discolor, swell tablets, salt tablets, ammonia inhalants, and Fracture of an arm or leg is a common Also, a poisonous will and become painful within minutes. a snake bite unit. Comes close to being a serious injury. You can recognize it by ( 1 survival kit. Made by Johnson & Johnson a limb out of shape, (2) movement causing Lightning can be hazardous. Remember and sold nationally for $7.25 each. pain, (3) immediate black-and-blue color, that when lightning strikes in an area, it or (4) the victim's being unable to move will invariably hit the tallest object in that WHEN WATERFOWL SHOOTING over it. When in doubt, treat it as a fracture any- area. So keep small and away from tall ob- decoys, you can make the decoys more en- how; it can't do any harm. The first rule is: jects. You're safe in a forest, but not be- ticing by cutting wings from stiff wrapping don't move the victim until splints have been neath the tallest tree. You're a perfect target paper and pinning or stapling these to the applied. Splinting requires little skill. First when you're standing in the open on a golf sides, writes Clare Markey of Chillicothe, straighten the arm or leg, unless the sus- links, especially if you're wearing metal- Mo. The wind flaps the wings and the ducks pected break is at a joint. Pad it with a spiked golf shoes. Lie down. You'll get wet- are fooled every time. jacket or shirt. For splints use tree branches, ter than you would in the shelter of that an oar or even a rifle if nothing else is small clump of trees some distance away, available. Bind to the broken arm or leg but you'll also be safer. You're an A-1 target FOR HUNTERS who separate and plan to with your gun sling, belt or strips of cloth- in a rowboat in the center of a lake, too. meet later, here's a tip from David Amborn of Bangor. Wis. telephone poles along ing. The purpose of the splint is to keep the For more lightning facts, go back and read The broken member immobile. If the fracture "Lightning On The Prowl" in the June 1966 a highway are numbered. When the party enters the woods, each should remember is an "open" one (skin broken), the wound issue of this magazine. First aid for some- must also be padded with gauze or cloth to one struck by lightning is the same as treat- the number of the nearest pole. Later, exit- keep out infection. ment for shock. ing at a different spot, each hunter can follow the poles to the original one. Gunshot wounds are the ones most Eye infection among outdoorsmen is feared. Their greatest danger usually is more prevalent than is realized. All it takes bleeding which can make even a relatively is a snap of a branch or twig against an un- FOR AN ANGLER'S CHRISTMAS: the minor wound fatal. In treatment you must protected eye. And too often it can lead to new Mitchell 410 spinning reel, made by

( 1 ) stop the bleeding, (2) dress the wound, loss of sight! Wear sunglasses (or prescrip- and (3) minimize shock due to loss of tion glasses) when traveling through brushy blood. In the case of a body wound, put a areas. And just in case, include an eye drop- cloth dressing on it, hold it in place with per and a small package of boric acid pow- pressure and get medical help as soon as der in your first aid kit. A teaspoon of the possible. In an arm or leg wound that is powder, dissolved in a pint of boiled water, simply oozing blood, hold the dressing with then cooled, will kill infection. pressure until the bleeding stops. If it Heart attack in the outdoors is a terrify- doesn't stop, or is too copious, you must ing emergency. The victim turns gray, has apply a tourniquet. When the blood spurts difficulty breathing, grasps his chest in pain. bright red (severed artery), fasten the Place him in a sitting position, not on his tourniquet between the wound and the vic- back where he will have even more difficulty tim's heart. When it's dark purple and flow- breathing. Do not let him move! Help him ing slowly (severed major vein), fasten the vomit if he wants to. And search his pock- Garcla's fast-retrieving Mitchell 410. tourniquet on the side away from the heart. ets; he may be carrying nitroglycerine or It roller bearings, The tourniquet can be a belt or strip of amyl nitrite for his condition. the Garcia Corp. runs on has a 5-to-l gear ratio on retrieve, is cloth, tied tightly. But loosen it for one min- Abdominal pains may be caused by ap- equipped with the new smooth, freeze-proof ute every 15 minutes because if circulation pendicitis, ulcers, gall bladder, etc. When Teflon drag. In tests, it has been given a is cut off for a longer period, the tissue will they occur, do not write them off as simple top rating, even for bone fishing. Price: die and gangrene will occur. Be extremely indigestion. Place the victim in a semi- about $22. careful in the use of a tourniquet. Protect reclining position with knees bent and a the wound itself with a bandage, or with folded coat or some other support beneath any cloth in an emergency. To reduce shock, them. Wet a cloth with cold water from a If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you make him comfortable and warm, loosen stream or lake (ice pack is best) and apply $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- tight clothing, and lower his head and shoul- to the most sensitive area of his abdomen. turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ders to increase blood flow to the brain. Do not give a cathartic, or anything to eat ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, Snake bites, even poisonous ones, are or drink, even water. Before treatment, at The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth seldom fatal if treated in time by a doctor. the first sign that the pains are serious, send Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 DOOLITTLE'S RAID ON TOKYO Ross Greening headed for the Yoko- (Continued from page 22) hama docks. Greening's bombardier, Sgt. Bill Birch, triggered his bombs off or Chungking and never explained by into a wave and then lifted skyward. The on a refinery and an oil-tank farm. Lt. the Navy to this day. B-25 snapped upward after rolling only Bill Bower's bombs clobbered a dock On the morning of the 17th, the B-25's a few feet. The 40-knot wind over the area, as did the load from the plane pi- were loaded with bombs and positioned deck and the speed of the carrier meant loted by Lt. Ed McElroy. McElroy's co- to the rear of the deck. Armament crews that only a small differential had to be pilot, Lt. Dick Knobloch, later told loaded the guns; mechanics ran up the made up in order to boost the Mitchell interrogators that they had seen their engines and made last-minute adjust- into the air. bombs land squarely on a merchant ship ments. Fuel tanks were topped off at dusk For the next hour, the remaining 15 which was being converted into an air- and Doolittle's men received their final planes struggled off the deck to follow craft carrier. briefing. Doolittle into the western sky. At 3:05 a.m., the "Big E's" radar While the B-25s roared toward Japan TENTH PILOT assigned to bomb picked up a blip and the task force in a long ragged line. Admiral Halsey THE Tokyo was Lt. Everett W. Holstrom, turned northward to avoid detection. At about-faced his ships and headed east- whose equipment began malfunctioning the same time. General Quarters was ward at full speed. from the moment of take-off. First the sounded and all hands rushed to battle The weather from the carrier to the plane's gas tanks leaked, then Holstrom stations. When the blip faded, the six- coast of Japan was in the big bomber found that his magnetic compass was ship force turned westward again. At flight crews' favor. They had departed way off. To add to the cfew's troubles, dawn, search planes were launched from under a low ceiling with limited visi- top gunner Cpl. Bert Jordan reported the Enterprise and a combat air patrol was sent overhead to guard against sur- that the turret would not rotate and his prise attack. At the same time, the guns would not fire. Holstrom's plane weather worsened and rain squalls swept thus arrived south of his intended land- across the decks. Green water smashed fall point short of gaS and with only the over the Hornet's bow and sluiced aft single .30 caliber machinegun in the nose through the bucking B-25's. for protection. Although he was fourth the last to At 5:58 a.m., a search pilot from the to leave the Hornet, he was him- Enterprise reported an enemy vessel only arrive in the Tokyo area and found 42 miles away from the force and added self flying upstream against all the others cryptically, "Believed seen by enemy." making their escape. Fighters that had This time Halsey ordered his ships to been alerted by the arrival of the first turn left and then westward again as no planes were buzzing all over the city further sighting of the Japanese vessel above the ack-ack. was reported. As Holstrom turned to make an ap- At 7:30 a.m., lookouts on the Hornet proach up Tokyo Bay, a half dozen Type spotted the masts of an enemy picket 97 Nate fighters, determined to score a ship only 20,000 yards away. At the victory, pounced on the Mitchell from same time, the Hornet's radio operator above. Tracers preceded them and intercepted a Japanese message which "Act natural." looped all around the B-25 but without had originated close by. The moment of THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE scoring a single hit. All Jordan could do decision had come. The B-25's had to be in his upper turret was watch and pray. launched immediately so the task force bility. The Japanese patrol planes, still In the nose, Sgt. Bob Stephens waited could execute the time-honored maneu- searching for any signs of an American with one hand on his .30 caliber and the ver known as "getting the hell out." Hal- naval force, missed most of the B-25's other on the bomb salvo switch. Hol- sey blinkered a message to Mitscher: streaking in from the east. One of the strom had given him orders that if they Launch Planes X To Col Doolittle Japanese pilots, however, did report were attacked from above, Stephens was And Gallant Command Good Luck And sighting a twin-engine plane flying in the to dump their bombs. When Stephens God Bless You X opposite direction but did not identify heard Jordan yell over the intercom, the type of plane. His headquarters as- "Fighters coming in from three o'clock THE BLOOD-CHILLING blare of the sumed that he had sighted one of his high!" and saw the tracers streak by the Klaxon on the Hornet sent the Doo- own squadron mates. nose, he pulled the salvo handle. As soon little crews into action. Eighty men A few miles off the coast, the clouds as Holstrom felt the plane lighten, he jammed personal belongings into B-4 became scattered and then the sky turned southward on the escape route bags and raced to their assigned planes. cleared as the line of B-25's crossed the and quickly outdistanced the enemy Slipping and sliding on the ever-shifting coastline and headed for their assigned fighters. deck, the Navy plane handlers helped targets. Nine of the planes streaked for South of Tokyo, three planes made them aboard and then towed the first targets in Tokyo, following Col. Doo- landfall and headed for targets in Kobe plane—Doolittle's—into position with its little. Lts. Travis Hoover and Bob Gray, and Nagoya. Maj. John Hilger's bombs left wheel lined up with a long yellow line flying the second and third planes, smashed into an arsenal, a plane factory painted along the Hornet's deck. dropped their eggs on factories, a ware- and an Army barracks. Don Smith's en- At 8:20 a.m., Jimmy Doolittle started house, a gas plant and the Tokyo dock tire load was dropped on a steel plant. his engines and revved them up in an in- area. Capt. Davy Jones hit a power plant Bill Farrow, pilot of the last plane off creasing sound of fury. The plane direc- and oil storage tanks. Lts. Ted Lawson the Hornet, decided to attack his sec- tor swung his checkered flag in a circle and Dean Hallmark's bombs blasted a ondary target, Nagoya, instead of the faster and faster. The B-25 bucked ?.nd steel mill and a factory. Capt. Ed York, primary target in Osaka. His bombs strained as the engines roared wide open. followed by Lts. Harold Watson and blasted an oil-tank farm and an aircraft When the flag dipped downward, Doo- Dick Joyce, made direct hits on a power factory. little released the brakes and roared station, gas plant and a tank factory. After all bombs were released, each down the deck just as the bow smashed A flight of three planes led by Capt. (Continued on page 48)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 47 DOOLITTLE'S RAID ON TOKYO Tokyo Bombed! Doolittle Do'od It! (Continued from page 47) It was to be many months after the war, however, before anyone plane dove to rooftop level and hedge- Hoover and Lt. Don Smith were luckier. was to know the full impact of the Doolittle hopped out to sea, then southward until Hoovjr landed in a rice paddy and Smith raid on Japanese morale. they cleared the island of Honshu. From in the shallow surf only a few feet from The Japanese militarists, bolstered by their there they turned westward toward the a smooth beach. Not a single man on many suc- cesses in the Pacific, bases in China. There was one exception, either crew sufi'ered a scratch. considered the in- trusion into their airspace the however. Capt. Ed York found that his It took about two weeks to account most serious blow they could engines were burning an excessive for the 15 crews that had arrived in imagine. Not only was there much amount of gasoline and he knew he China. Each crew member tried to make damage to their war industry and loss of life in the could never make the Chinese coast. In- his way through Japanese-held territory bombing and fires that developed, but the stead, he decided to head for Vladivos- and most were successful with only a few lives of the Emperor and his family tok, only about 600 miles away. While narrow escapes. However, the crews of were en- dangered. The the other planes were winging toward immediate reaction was to condemn the Americans for their "in- China, he landed safely at a Russian human, insatiable, indiscriminate bomb- military airfield. Since the Soviet Union ing attack" and seek revenge wherever was officially neutral, York's crew was possible. Thousands of Japanese troops promptly interned and the B-25 confis- were ordered into the Chinese country- cated. These five men spent the next 13 side to seek evidence of the raiders' pres- months in virtual captivity in European ence and punish anyone who might have Russia until they eventually escaped into helped them escape. Within Iran. the next three months, a quarter of a million Chi- The 1 5 planes streaking toward China nese soldiers and civilians were ruth- roared along at wave-top level, but the lessly slain. Entire villages through which good weather they had had over their the Americans had passed were burned target slowly disintegrated. The scat- to the ground and their inhabitants tered clouds became broken, then over- slaughtered to the last child. cast and the ceiling let down lower and When the news flashed lower. Mist and rain cut the visibility to was to Tokyo that eight less than a mile; headwinds developed Americans had been captured, "Have you tried those delicious, little, orders and became strong and gusty. Darkness were issued to extract informa- bite-size breakfast treats called 'Crispy tion from them immediately as to their approached as most of the planes crossed Wispies'?" the take-off point, route of flight, number of coast. Each pilot knew he was faced THE AJIERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE planes, etc. prisoners, thinking with a difficult decision when no signal The that they were going to be treated as prison- could be received on the radio compass Dean Hallmark and Bill Farrow were not ers of war under the from any of the five fields. Not expecting so lucky. Hallmark, with Lts. Chase Geneva Conven- tion, soon learned the flyers until the next night, the Chi- Nielsen and Bob Meder, enlisted the aid how desperate were the enemy interrogators. nese hadn't turned the radio beacons on. of Chinese guerrillas to get them to Using the methods of the infamous Tai, The questions in each pilot's mind were friendly territory, but were apprehended Kempei they tortured the luckless prisoners the same: Should he climb above the by a Japanese patrol. Farrow's crew, for hours on end using the cure, weather and bail his crew out when their consisting of Lts. Bob Hite and George water knee stretch and finger crushing methods, in gas was gone or should he attempt a Barr, Sgt. Harold Spatz and Cpl. Jacob addition rifle crash landing along the beach? DeShazer, were also rounded up by the to butt beatings and frequent shin kicking. Put on a starvation Jimmy Doolittle and the men in ten Japanese. diet, confined alone in tiny cells and de- other planes elected to bail out into the wet blackness. One of them, Cpl. Leland Chungking, Doolittle kept score on nied the privilege of sleeping, each man IN was slowly reduced to an animal exist- Faktor, either struck something on the his men as they reported in. As soon ence and almost to the point of insanity. plane as he left or bailed out too low. as he learned that two crews were pre- His body was found the next morning by sumed captured, he tried to persuade the Between the time of their capture and Chinese peasants. The others suffered Chinese Army commander. Gen. Ku August 15, the Japanese enacted an no more than minor cuts and twisted an- Chotung, to send troops after them, but "Enemy Airmen's Act" to apply to all kles. to no avail. Doolittle offered ransom, but enemy airmen raiding Japanese terri- Four pilots decided to crash-land their all the money in China could not have tory, including the Doolittle raiders. The aircraft. One pilot, Lt. Ted Lawson, and persuaded the Japanese to release their law stated that anyone who participated his co-pilot. Lt. Dean Davenport, were prize prisoners. The saddened Doolittle, in the bombing or strafing of non-mili- targets to death. catapulted through the windshield still feeling that he had failed miserably on tary would be sentenced strapped in their seats when the B-25 hit his first combat mission because he had Japanese propagandists immediately ac- the water. Both sustained serious inju- lost all of his planes, radioed Hap Ar- cused the Americans of having bombed ries. Lawson, co-author of "Thirty Sec- nold the facts as he knew them. Arnold hospitals and schools instead of military onds Over Tokyo," eventually had his ordered Doolittle home—not to give targets to pave the way for the inevitable leg amputated by "Doc" White, the only him a reprimand but to promote him outcome of their trial. physician on the raid. from lieutenant colonel directly to briga- A mock court-martial was held on Another plane, piloted by Lt. Dean dier general. In addition. President August 28 and the eight airmen were de- Hallmark, landed in the surf after the Roosevelt invited the surprised airman clared guilty although they didn't know engines quit and two of his crew, Sgts. to the White House and presented him it. The entire proceedings were con- Don Fitzmaurice and Bill Dieter, were with the Medal of Honor. ducted in the Japanese language and seriously injured. Both died later that The Tokyo raid exceeded the wildest none of the handcuffed Americans, in-

night as they attempted to swim to the hopes of those who had planned it. Al- cluding Dean Hallmark who lay on a beach. lied spirits were lifted to the heights when stretcher in the courtroom due to the The other two crews of Lt. Travis the news was flashed around the world: ravages of dysentery, knew what was

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 — "

for the four raiders who survived going on. Not only the verdict but their closed Shrinks Hemorrhoids sentence had already been prescribed. capture. They will carry the scars on On October 15, five of the eight men their bodies and minds for the rest of New Way Without Surgery were returned to the court-martial room their lives. However, they harbor no re- cells and informed in sentment a quarter of a century after from their solitary Stops Itch -Relieves Pain English that they had been found guilty their one and only combat mission. One of war crimes and had been sentenced of them, Jacob DeShazer, became a min- For the first time science has found a new healing substance with the astonishing- to die. Before the men could recover ister and returned to Japan as a mission- ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve from the shock, they were informed that ary in the very city he had bombed pain — without surgery. In case after case, while gently relieving to their sentences had been commuted Nagoya. Today, he has his own church pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. life imprisonment "through the leniency in Salem, Ore., his home town. George Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing the himself" and that they Barr is a management analyst for of Emperor now statements like "Piles have ceased to be a would receive "special treatment." The the U.S. Army at Rock Island, 111. Bob problem! The secret is a new healing substance special treatment meant a continuation Hite manages a hotel in Memphis, Tenn. (Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous of the starvation diet, solitary confine- Chase Nielsen, the only one of the four research institute. This substance is" now available in sup- ment and no hope of repatriation if there who remained in the Air Force after the pository or ointment form under the name were ever an exchange of prisoners. war, retired after 20 years of service and Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug counters. is now a civilian employee with the Air Force at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. THE SIGNIFICANCE of the Tokyo raid mm LOANS! by the 16 B-25's has somehow been

Now you may get the money you need . . . Pay As Little missed by military historians until now. FAST! Borrow $100 to $1,000 with a Money- By-Mail "Secret Loan" from Dial. Absolute As $5.00 It has been found that the Tokyo raid had privacy. No co-signers needed. ABSOLUTELY NO MORTGAGES OF ANY KIND REQUIRED. a Month actually caused the Japanese to You use your own signature. Pay up old abandon Monthly bills and have cash left over out of every Cash 30 YoM Gtt Paymenb a strategy of land conquest through Cey- paycheck. (Special: Credit life insurance available, at nominal cost). Whatever you (104.65 $5.00 lon, India and Australia, and shift to one need money for . . . get it FAST . , . and in privacy by Mail from Dial, Write today. 293.02 14.00 of making the Pacific a Japanese lake. No Obligation. 532.26 25.00 DIAt FINANCE CO., Depti 2-092 Cash 36 Monthly It was planned that first Midway, then You Get Piymwiti 410 KllprtrIcK Bldg.. OiMha, Nebr. 68102 $33.00 Hawaii would be taken; landings were FdIAL finance CO.. Dept. 12-092~ 40.00 410 Kilpatrick BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 to be made in the Aleutians for later at- 1 ! Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. tacks against the continental United ' Name States. The Battle of Midway, which I Address ended disastrously for the Japanese, re- City State Zip Code I sulted from this change of strategy. From Amount you want to borrow $ I that time on the Rising Sun began to sink. The Doolittle raid had other, more subtle, results. Fearful of further attacks, fighter units had been withdrawn from the forward battle areas and stationed at "Frankly, I can take this game or leave it." strategic bases in the home islands. Anti- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE aircraft units were repositioned and

Dean Hallmark, Bill Farrow and Har- Navy forces were redeployed eastward. old Spatz, the missing three, had already Manpower that could have been used learned their fate. They were executed elsewhere was shifted to the homefront that same day. to prevent further surprise attacks. It was 40 months before the Allied There are 54 survivors of Doolittle's world learned of the fate of the eight famous air mission still alive. Next April, missing Tokyo raiders. On August 20, they will meet as they have done for 1945, a six-man team of American OSS many years past and reminisce about the agents jumped into Peking and forced day they all became heroes. At a lunch- the release of Allied prisoners of war be- eon which no outsider may attend, fore the peace treaty was signed. Four of Jimmy Doolittle will lift a silver goblet the men discovered in the solitary con- inscribed with his name aloft and pro- finement wing of the military prison were pose a toast: "To those who gave their Lieutenants Barr, Hite and Nielsen and all in the success of our mission in 1942 Corporal DeShazer. Lt. Bob Meder had and to those who have since joined died of beri-beri in December 1943. them." The men who followed him on In the months following, American their day of destiny will answer: "To You Are Invited investigators collected all the evidence those who have gone." possible against the lapanese responsible Some day, like the Civil War veterans to ShareYour for the death and ill treatment of the of yesteryear, these men will hold their Doolittle prisoners. Four Japanese were last reunion and the group will be no eventually brought to trial. Three of more. However, the deed that united Holiday Joy! them were sentenced to five years impris- Jimmy Doolittle and his men in this ex- onment and one, the lawyer who had clusive military fraternity will remain Use Christmas Seals. acted as prosecutor, received nine years. etched on the pages of American history Fight tuberculosis and Officially, the case against the Japa- forever.

nese was closed, but it will never be THE END other respiratory diseases.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 49 —

HOW CHRISTMAS AND ITS CUSTOMS BEGAN I WANT EVERY READER (Continued from page 28) «of this Paper to have my big red 2^ EARLIANATOM/Vro There is no way to tell whether the hum- small family gatherings. On the other "KING OF THE EARLIES" ble sprig really did have the sacred na- hand, in Italy the time for gifts and fun Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease ture Frazer claimed for it. Yet it does is Twelfth Night, or Epiphany, on Jan- resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for table or canning. Send 10c for big seem to have been involved in the mid- uary 6; while the French observe many mm iacket or 25c for 3 packets pDPP winter ritual in on and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. "tt some fashion. The an- of the traditional Christmas customs R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN cient Druids worshipped it, and it, too, New Year's Day. Dept. 308 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 became incorporated in the Christian The name "Santa Claus" itself is an holiday of Christmas at an early date. obvious variation of "Saint Nicholas." Book Authors! The mistletoe became a popular token of He has been known by many names in Join our successful authors in a com FREE "universal liberty"—interpreted as the various European lands—Kris Kringle, plete and reliable publishing program masculine right to kiss any found Sonner Klas, Zemmiklas, Sunder Klaas. publicity, advertising, handsome books. woman Send for FREE report on your manu underneath it. But it also enjoyed some In Austria, as Niklo, he is sometimes script & copy of How To Publish Your high Church symbolism. As recently as thought to be accompanied by the Christ Book. CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALL the 18th century it was carried to the Child and a masked servant called 84 Fifth Ave., New York, 10011 high altar of certain English cathedrals Krampus or Klaubauf. Krampus is a ter- at Christmastime, and a public amnesty rible, frightening creature who takes Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY was proclaimed. away from old Niklo the burden some- Gifts and greenery, feasts and bon- times borne by "St. Nick" elsewhere to Need more money? Earn $60-$75 aweek, spare time, at home mak- fires, the cheering cup and the mistletoe see that children behave themselves. i ng rubberstamps for offices, factories, individuals. Hundreds of kiss, and many other things that make That leaves Niklo to be all good, giving uses. Hundreds of prospects— everywhere. Right in your own com- our Christmas thus into else does the pun- munity. Turn out special stamps for up can be traced gifts, while someone names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., past. called n minutes with table-top machine. We the time-misted Christmas is not ishing. Elsewhere, a fellow Rum- farnish everything and help finance you, at eBB than bank rates. Write for free facta. one holiday but many, twined into one. panz or Ruprecht or Hans Trapp plays Flo salesman will call. Rubber Stamp DIv., 1512 Jarvis, Dept. R-8-PX, Chicago 60626 The true diversity of Christmas be- the frightening role of Krampus. In

comes apparent when we see how it is America, of course, Santa Claus pun- celebrated in other lands today. Our ver- ishes the naughty by withholding gifts sion of the holiday is very far from being or at least threatens to. "You'd better ." the only one. watch out, you'd better not shout. . . Cheery Santa Claus plays a major role etc. in our celebration, but in the Netherlands The fat, jolly Santa Claus in the red and Belgium he has stolen the entire suit that we know doesn't look like the show. The real Santa Claus was St. Nich- bishop St. Nicholas. Our merry image olas, a bishop of the third century who of him was invented by the great 19th Share with Others was famous for his unexpected gifts. He century American artist, Thomas Nast, has become the personification of Christ- who also has the Republican elephant, The Salvation Army masgiving in other lands. But in the Low the Democrat donkey, the Tammany

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50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 — —

go through each household early in the Curiously, the northern images of "W^^ NEW 1967 morning darkness. They wear wreaths Christmas are filtering into these lands of of fir-tree twigs round their heads, and a summertime December. Florists do a a crown of seven lighted candles. These brisk business selling imported boughs of youthful Nordic goddesses seem like holly, spruce and pine; Christmas trees FROM creatures out of a dream as they enter of northern-hemisphere origin find their South Bend the family bedrooms to serve coffee and way to Brazil, Venezuela and Argentina; 80 pages in lull color. Illustrations and Tips on Fistiing Tech- nipues. Tips on Knots, Preparing Fisti. Waterways and Record floats saffron buns from three-legged copper artificial snow often bedecks the Fish. Send 50t to cover handling of the pageant, and even bowls. For the next 1 2 days, the Swedes Christmas South Bend Tackle Co.,lnc Dept. AL South Otselic. N.Y. Santa Claus himself, with winter-red- 13155 feast with gusto. The climax comes on Please send South Bend catalog. Enclosed find 50t to cover Christmas Day, of course, with a vast dened cheeks and snow-white beard, now handling. meal in which—shades of the Saturnalia plays his part in the otherwise summery NAME festivities. ADDRESS —the family servants sit at the table and their employers serve and clear the Latin America has contributed one of CITY 7IP its loveliest plants to our own yuletide dishes. CrrDETC OF TEACHING In rural parts of Germany and Aus- the poinsettia, a tree-like shrub in the dEvllEIJ YOURSELF tria the custom of Christmas "Smacks" tropics and a handsome potted plant This Money-Saving Way Teach your- mmif^ is not yet extinct. The villagers cut twigs here. Joel Roberts Poinsett, an Ameri- YES! self Piano.Piano, Gui- i can diplomat, brought it to the United tar, ANY instru- of birch early in December, steeping ment—even if you lift States for the first time in 1829. 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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 51 — —

WHAT WILL LASER BEAMS DO NEXT? single straight line between them, and

(Continued from page 16) producing more light to join it. Soon all

the light in the tube is marching back ship. The "ammunition" used would searchers who hadn't heard of the con- and forth in the same direction. travel at 186.282 miles per second, and vention, but who had already produced One of the mirrors has a small, partly do so in a perfectly straight line, unaffec- chemical energy for the laser in a limited transparent it. ted by wind, temperature, the rotation of way. "thin spot" in It reflects weak light back to the other mirror. But the earth, the effect of gravity or any of Maiman's ruby gave a flick, not a light of a certain high intensity will the other items that make the precise beam. Very quickly other suitable sub- pass through it. Just as soon as the straight- aiming of material weapons so difficult. stances were found, and continuous but ened-out light in the "mirror trap" has The death ray has its limitations as a weak beams were produced. It was in been pumped to a high enough intensity, long-distance weapon. It can be weak- 1965 that the carbon-dioxide laser came it passes out through the "thin spot." ened and absorbed or scattered by on the scene, and it is already com- And there's your one-direction, one-in- clouds, mist, smoke and dust. Further- mercially available, with a ten-fold intensity laser beam, carrying with it in more, its straight-line path would not crease in efficiency over the best earlier pinpoint concentration the bulk of the follow the curve of the earth so that it model. It is considered to be the break- energy man keeps pumping into the tube. could not be aimed at anything beyond through to a continuous beam that is not Neat? the horizon without bouncing it off a only interesting but usefully powerful. precisely positioned mirror. The most potent commercial beam right COURSE, that's a terribly oversim- now is Raytheon's 500-watt job. OF plified description. It even skips the ONE LOOKS through the crystal ball The big communications companies IF very important matter of the light all be- into the future, however, there arises make some gloomy remarks at times ing of one wave length. Let's just say that the spectre of the use of such a death ray about the laser as a way of sending mes- molecules of certain pure materials, ex- in space. In the vacuum beyond the at- sages on earth profitably. Only if they cited in certain ways, will emit light of mosphere, there is no cloud, mist or dust can actually get the huge volume of com- just one wave length, but normally going to interfere and no horizon to set bounds. mercial messages that a laser beam can every which and at all sorts of in- Will mankind, a few generations hence, carry might the cost be justified, they say. way light is stopped see space battles in which rocketships And the interference of clouds and dust tensity levels. When such molecule it cause it to will flash laser beams at each other in our atmosphere isn't an attractive by a similar may length and with a momentary contact meaning a prospect to them. "Will send your mes- emit light of the same wave direction and stepped up in in- puncture? sages as soon as the fog lifts" sounds more same — eight- Such laser beams would require vast like yesterday than tomorrow. Amidst tensity. Your editor looked at an description of that happens amounts of energy, but lasers are now this gloom their labs nevertheless step up page how told to skip it. said it was for being developed which derive their the pace of classified work on lasers for and me He a group of readers with graduate degrees energy from sunlight. Out in space, the communications. Maybe they can get the in But it does happen, that's lasers might be powered without limit volume of business to justify the cost. physics. and the heart of the that Mr. by the ever-present, never-shrouded sun. Maybe they can cut the cost down. phenomenon Maiman first converted to use with his But let us hope society advances to the Maybe they are looking out into space. mirrors. point where such weapons, large or ruby bar and trick small, are never needed or used. There POSSIBLE ATMOSPHERIC interference I'd like to let it go at that, but someone are sufficient peace-time uses to keep the would not apply to space. Spaceships will want some explanation of how light laser beam busy. and space stations could communicate can be said to travel inside a solid bar. Today, we simply cannot imagine with each other, and also with stations on There are no rays of the kind you are the bar. what the laser will be doing when it has airless worlds like the moon, by messages used to running the length of had as much time to develop as the air- carried on laser beams. But true light bumps from molecule to relays, each plane, the rocket or the internal com- It may well be that when the space age molecule, in millions of little bustion engine. reaches maturity a truly enormous load molecule absorbing light on one side and Maiman's ruby laser was interesting. of information will be carried by laser emitting its own out the other, which actually increase Everyone who understood it knew right beams interlacing space between the vari- as we have noted—may off that all the fantastic things envisioned ous human outposts. It is very likely that in intensity as long as the human pump- continues. There being for it, and many more besides, were theo- it will then be maintained that space ex- ing-in of energy retically possible. But the early working ploration could never have progressed nothing but transparent air in the way of models required elaborate and costly beyond the most primitive hit-and-miss the beam that comes out the end, it now power sources from which you didn't get stage without the laser. proceeds in the more familiar form of a straight ray. It continue your money's worth. High energy could How has man been able to defy all perfectly may it hits detached only be delivered in short bursts. Con- previous experience and make orderly through all space unless a to drill, a tinuous beams were weak and inefficient. light out of the disorderly light that retina to weld, a diamond to slice or such. Or These drawbacks (and costs) are still nature provides? Part of the answer can James Bond some interpose something in its path among the main headaches. But even be put in fairly simple terms—that part man may that simply changes it without stopping though we can't yet drill a hole in the that deals with sorting it out into one it, to the rest of its way with coded moon with a flick of a switch, the laser tight beam. It is quite clever. go in its altered wave has come along rapidly. In fact, things Molecules inside a "tube" (it can be messages or pictures are happening faster than laser men a solid like Mr. Maiman's ruby bar) are pattern. themselves can follow. excited by pumped-in energy to emit Back in 1953, Charles H. Townes first invisible radio- It wasn't long ago that a science maga- light which is random in direction. Most applied this idea to the zine reported that a convention of scien- of the light escapes through the sides of type microwaves, and it was called tists had met in California to try to push the tube just at f^rst. Two facing mirrors Microwave Amplification by Stimulated the discovery of a way to use chemical at each end of the tube catch any of this Emission of Radiation. Its initials are energy to power a laser instead of some light that happens to hit them head on. m-a-s-e-r. Townes' maser was so im- form of electrical energy. The editors The mirrors "capture" such light, caus- portant to science that it won him the

promptly got a letter from some re- ing it to bounce back and forth in a Nobel Prize for Physics (shared with two

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 Soviet scientists wiio'd worked the maser pletely blur the image. But if you inter- his angle of view get a three-dimensional out in theory). pose the same frosted glass again when look at it. That would be the most in- When Maiman did the same thing with viewing, its blurring efi'ect is canceled formative X ray yet conceived. light in Hughes Aircraft's research labs out. So the hologram offers the possi- A hologram can be made of a very in 1960, he was following up on a sug- bility of secret photography which can't quickly moving object or just a briefly gestion of Townes in 1958 that the maser be seen unless the party who views it existing one, and it then provides a per- could very well be applied to light as has the same frosted glass. manent image that can be studied to well as microwaves. Maiman's success You can shoot many separate pictures much better efl'ect than a mere photo- became Light Amplification by Stimul- on the same piece of film by slightly ro- graph can. Holography gives much finer ated Emission of Radiation, or 1-a-s-e-r. tating the film each time. As long as you detail, too, and scientists are looking for- One of the recent, astonishing applica- make the same changes when viewing, ward to a time when holographic micro- tions of the laser involves photography, you can then see the many difi'erent pic- scopy will introduce us to the world of without a camera or lens. The pictures, tures separately. A crude movie of a man the tiny with a new clarity. when viewed, recreate the original scene walking has been made in a series of pic- And a little further out into the wide in the most three-dimensional fashion tures on one piece of film, with quick blue comes the thought that perhaps such ever achieved. The pictures are called angle changes between shots. It is seen as laser photography can be perfected to "holograms." If you move your head a movie when the same quick angle the point where a complete 3-D image around while looking at a single holo- changes are made when viewing. So far can be formed and the process built into gram, the objects in the picture will this is a stunt rather than an improve- a television set. appear to change their positions just as ment over existing movies. But what a Will the day come when we will no they would in real life. Put something remarkable stunt! longer have to content ourselves with (maybe a box of paper clips) on your a two-dimensional television screen HOLOGRAM was figured out in marked out in course lines of light and desk or table. Beyond it, and to the left, THE put something else—maybe a pen. Now theory years ago, but a working mod- dark, but will see a true and perfect move your head to the right and the pen el awaited the discovery of a pure light three-dimensional color representation? will appear to pass behind the box of whose interference pattern would only There's just no telling what la'^er paper clips. And that's what will happen represent what the subject to be photo- beams may do next. In some future Miss if you look at a hologram of the same graphed did to the light that hit it. Or- America contest will the girls parade scene and move your head to the right. dinary light is loaded with its own inter- through a cube in our living rooms in ference patterns which are virtually im- three dimensions? To be sure, the girls MAKE A HOLOGRAM of the dCsk possible to unscramble. will be images only, nothing more than Toscene that we have chosen for a sam- There is an outside chance that an X- focused, impalpable rays of light. They ple subject, bare film faces the scene. Part ray laser beam may be developed which won't be real girls. Even so, how nice it of a pure laser beam is flashed on the might let a doctor look at a hologram would be! What a pity we must wait! film. The rest of it, deflected by a mirror, of part of your insides, and by changing THE END is flashed on the desk scene. The film records the microscopic wave STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION pattern of both the "pure" light and the (Act of October 23, 1962: Section 4369, Title 39, United States Code) light reflected from the scene. The re- 1. Date of filing: September, 1966. given.) flected light hits the film in disorder, as American Legion, 700 N. Pennsylvania St., 2. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN The a result of bouncing from the surface of LEGION MAGAZINE. Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. 3. Frequency of issue: Monthly. S. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other the paper clips, pen, etc. On the film it security holders owning or holding 1 percent or 4. Location of kno\vn office of publication: 1100 or other lays an "interference pattern" over the W. Broadway, Louisville, Kentucky 40201 (Jef- more of total amount of bonds, mortgages securities: None. "pure pattern." ferson County). 9. Paragraphs 7 and 8 include, in cases where 5. Location of the headquarters or general busi- the stockholder or appears The developed film no more looks like ness offices of the publishers: 700 N. Pennsyl- security holder upon the of as or in any vania St., Indianapolis. Indiana 46206. books the company trustee a picture than a phonograph record looks other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, corporation for whom such trustee is acting, also like music. To view it, light (originally and managing editor: the statements in the two paragraphs show the Publisher: James F. O'Neil, 720 Fifth Avenue, laser light, but recent developments per- affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the cir- New York. New York 10019. cumstances and conditions under which stock- mit using ordinary light) is shone Editor: Robert B. Pitkin, 720 Fifth Avenue, holders and security holders who do not appear New York, New York 10019. through one side. When you look upon the books of the company as trustees, hold Managing Editor: None. stock and securities in a capacity other than that through the film at the viewing light, the 7. Owner (// ozvncd by a corporation . its name of a bona fide ow^ner. Names and addresses of and address must he stated and also immediately individuals who are stockholders of a corporation interference pattern is projected to your thereunder the names and addresses of stoek- which itself is a stockholder or holder of bonds, holdcrs o'lvninp or ho/ding 1 percent or more or other securities eyes. This is not a fixed picture on paper. of mortgages of the publishing total amount of stock. If not owned by a corpora- corporation have been included in paragraphs 7 It only becomes a picture in your head tion, the names and addresses of the individual and 8 when the interests of such individuals are or when photographed oivners must be given. If 07vned by a partnership equivalent to 1 percent or more of the total amount by an ordinary or other unincorporated firm, its name and ad- of the stock or securities of the publishing camera. It is a reconstruction in air of dress, as zvell as that of each individual must be corporation. the wave pattern of the actual light that Average Single Issue No. Copies Nearest To was reflected the from desk when the Each Issue During Filing Date picture was taken. Since it is that, your Preceding 12 Months eyes react to it as they would react to 10. A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net press run) 2,542,644 2,547,277 the original scene. It is just as three-di- B. Paid Circulation mensional as the original. It will change 1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors and Counter Sales None None in perspective to according how you view 2. Mail Subscriptions it exactly as the original scene would, Assoc. Subs.-N.M.-P.B. 2,518,485 2,523.786 C. Total Paid Circulation 2,518,485 2,523,786 because it is a faithful duplication of D. Free Distribution (including samples) by Mail, Carrier or Other Means the original light. Spec-Standing Order—Checking Copies 11,347 13.926 The hologram is even more remarka- E. Total Distribution (sum of C and D) 2,529,832 2,537,712 F. Office Use, Left-Over, Unaccounted, Spoiled ble than that. You can interpose a frosted After Printing Stock 12,812 9,565 glass (or other partly transparent thing) G. Total (sum of E and F—should equal net press run shown in A) 2,542,644 2,547,277 when taking the picture. It will com- I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. James F. O'Neil THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 53 —

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HEAVY DUTY ARC WELDER KEEP CESSPOOL TROUBLE only $1495 5 Yr. Guarantee 1966 tieavy duty welder, works on 110 volt house current. Generates up AWAY tG^^, to 10,000 degrees ot heat. Ready to use, comes with 1/16 & 1/8" welding and brazing rods and welding helmet. Money back in 10 days if not satisfied. Five year repair or replacement guarantee. Send S2.00, pay S12.95 plus COD and postage when delivered, or send S14.95 and we pay postage. Over 500,000 now in use. MADE IN US.\. Direct from factory. AMERICAN WELDERS, INC., DEPT. L, OSAGE BEACH, MO. m INVEST NOW! This section is presented as a ser- Brilliant & Uncirculated vice to readers and advertisers. All SILVER DOLLARS products are sold wi^b a money- SEPTIC TANK TROUBLES? Reactivator Rapidly Becoming Unavailable keeps septic tank and cesspool clean, pre- back guarantee. When ordering, vents overflow, back-up, odors, saves cost- please allow a reasonable amount ly pumping or digging. Just mix dry powder in water, flush. Non-poisonous, non-caustic. of time for handling and shipping. 6 months' supply $3.35; full year's supply $6.00, ppd. Northel. Dept. AL-12, Box 1103, Be sure to include Zip Code number Minneapolis, Minn. 55440. along with your address.

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Silver Dollars contain highest percentage of silver of RUPTURE-EASER' Nose Hair Scissors all U. S. coins. None has been minted since 1935 thus A Piper Brace Truss making them the most sought after coins. Their .900 with instsnt ONLY silver content makes them popular with collectors and adjustment investors. The set contains 5 coins each with a different date, and displayed in a "see- thru" lucite hinged No Fitting .00 holder 7"). value has been and $2 ppd. O'/z" x Silver Dollar Required still is increasing steadily & rapidly. Wonderful way to start investing. Ideal, too. as a gift for Christmas, ^'-^^ Still Only ^V*—a*. ^ birthdays, graduations, confirmations, anniversaries, THE Immediate Delivery and all special occasions. Order one or more sets now. Right or ONE GIFT iT $^95 EVERr MAN V M """^V SINGLE SET $14.95 ppd. Leftside Double $6.95 NEEDS ^'>«==s^ Guarantee NOW IN STAINLESS STEEL Strong, form-fitting, washable support for reducible 5 sets—$13.75 per set 10 sets—$13.00 per set Used and recommended by Doctors as the one SAFE, 25 sets—$12.50 per set 50 sets—$12.00 per set inguinal hernia. NO LACES—simple pull straps for easy way to remove unsightly hair from both nose and Blimt scissoi's can't cut or stick. Spoon 100 $11.50 per set eai-s. end sets— easy, Instant adjustment Protective back flap. Snaps shaped ends push flesh away from cutting edge. blades cutting where needed. Doctors w/f/r every order. Sef 70 Foreign In front Adjustable leg strap. Soft, flat groin pad Cur\-ed permit HMHM up warn that pulling hair from nose Dr use of pointed fWmfmF Coins, each from a different country. to close opening in inguinal canal. For men, women, scissors is dangerous and can produce serious infec- "fcl" (Sold nationally at $1.95.) tion. For fastidious men who care how they look; send children. Send measure around lowest part of abdo- only ."S^.OO each; or buv 3 for $5.50 postpaid. Prompt Delivery FOR men and state right or left side or double. Add 25c WRITE CATALOG SUPERIOR COIN CO. (Dept. ALS 2) to cover postage. PIPER BRACE CO., Dept. AL-126J ARLENE'S Dept. AL-126 34 E. 12th St.. N.Y. 3. N.Y. GR 7-5780 811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 9718 Arlington Ave., Riverside, Calif. 92503 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 i

The Last "Complete" Silver Set Minted! 1964 U. S. COIN SET with the John F. Kennedy Half Dollar, In attrac- rSSHOPPER tive, sparkling Luclte display holder. This year make it a Christmas Gift that's different and valuable. Ideal for graduation, confirmation, anniversary, etc. $2.95 ppd. MORE BRILLIANT than DIAMONDS says Reader's Di- gest, SatEvePost about this new, man-made 10 sets, $27.50 jewel Titania! For settings of your choice only 25 sets, $65.00 $12 per carat; a 1-ct man's box 14K ring is only 50 sets. $122.50 S37; m'lady's 1-ct fishtail a mere $29. No more federal tax. Write for FREE HANDY RING 100 sets, $235.00 SIZE CHART & 120 PAGE FULL COLOR JEWELRY CATALOG, ten DAr money back guarantee Brilliant, uncirculated 1944-P set of coins Is con- Lapidary Company Dept. AL-8. tained In lifetime holder. Value has been Increas- ing steadily. Start investing now. Sold with money 511 E.\ST 12 STREET • NEW YORK 9, N. Y. back guarantee.

POCKET KNIFE COMBINATION. This com- 2" 1965 U. S. COIN SET pact 3-bladed beauty has a knife blade, featuring the new "clad" Kennedy rtc nail file and foldaway scissors. Smart Half Dollar, dime & quarter S^aTO 10 sets, 27.50—25 sets, 65.00—50 simulated mother-of-pearl handle, gift box Mi^GREGOR sets, 122. 50— 100 sets, 235.00. make this a handsome item for the man who has everything. Produced by Italian 1963 set— 4.00 1962 set— 4.50 craftsmen. $2.00 ppd. Hollis Co., Dept. ms 1961 set— 5.25 1960 set— 5.85 AL-1, 1133 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10010. 1959 set— 6.25 1958 set— 10.25 1957 set— 10.50 1956 set— 11.00

KING-SIZE ALL 1 0 SETS ( 1 956-1 965) . ONLY $56.95 pUpp with every order. Sef of 10 Foreign HMPr Coins, each from a different country. ' (Sold nationally of $7.95.;

Si nil rlifi'k or monrif firtU r tii : • TALL or BIG MEN ONLY • SUPERIOR COIN GO. (Dept AL-13) McGregor Jackets, Slacks, Sweaters ... all extra long. 34 E. 12th St., N.Y. 3, N.Y. GR 7-5780 Dress, Sport Shirts with bodies 4" longer, sleeves to 38. Also 80 SMART SHOE STYLES in Sizes 10 AAA to 16 EEE. Hush Puppies, Boots, Dress, Sport, Casual shoes. Mail only. 100% Guaranteed. Send for FREE 72 Page CATALOG.

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LOOKING FOR A GIFT? COMPACT FIRE STARTER. Precision-made, The American Legion Shopper 11-oz. Firefly, for barbecues, fireplaces, offers a wide selection of reason- campfires; lets you adjust air flow to exact velocity needed. Eliminates danger- ably priced merchandise that ous flameups, offensive odors, chemical excellent tastes in foods. $4.95 plus 500 postage- make birthday, anni- handling. Holiday Products, Inc., Dept. versary and graduation gifts. Go AL, P.O. Box 62, Kansas City, Mo. 64141. ahead and order. NO MORE ICED-UP WINDSHIELDS, EVER!

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qlvinq! tf- for Christmas HOW 100,000 BUYERS 500 for yourself, for others SAVE MONEY ON for endless hours at USE YOUR musical memories and TABLES pleasure AND CHAIRS" "ZIP" POLISH-AMERICAN CODE Send for this STRING BAND ,, today RICH GOLD TRIM valuable Plays on SURE Records book! Find FREE PLASTIC BOX out how your church, "FAVORITE club, school or lodge Quick and handy way to put your name and return TUNES of can also save money address on letters, checks, books, records, etc. WORlD WAR I" from on tables, chairs and ANY name, address and Zip code up to 4 lines, other equipment. Mail Ro-liw» i»ifir^ound«!d beautifully printed in black on white gummed music 20 World War I coupon today! SPECIA MONROE labels with rich gold trim. 2" song hits ... all your About long. Free LIMITED favorites from "Tipper- - The MONROE Co. 69 Church St. Colfax, Iowa 50054 — plastic box for purse or desk. Set of 500 labels EDITION aiy" and "K-K-K-Katy" just 500 postpaid. Shipped within 48 hrs. to "My Buddy." Please mail me your new Factory-Direct Catalog Money Your Choice of back if not pleased. Don't know the Zip Trua Code? Storco with Mail Check or Money Order/ No C.O.D. NAME 3-D Sound or Add 100 per set and we will look it up. Send for Compatiblo Sound SURE ADDRESS free catalog. That Plays On RECORD CO. 5512-8 Drake Building Any Phonograoh P.O. Box 94 • Broomall, Pa. 19008 CITY STATE ZIP Walter Drake Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966 55 WE'LL MEET HIM HALFWAY This guy is one of those comic blokes PARTING SHOTS Who pulls the corniest slapstick jokes That anyone could collect; But he considers himself a wit. And to be fair we gotta admit He's fifty percent correct. Berton Braley WOULDN'T YOU KNOW? Life seems to be arranged so that, when you run into someone you should know, you're usually with someone you shouldn't. F. O. Walsh

PILL FOOLISH, PACKAGE WISE Potato chips and packaged pies, Salami, cola, these comprise His lunch; he must economize. Heartburn foolish, wallet wise— His savings vanish when he buys The pills he needs to neutralize. LuANA Shumway FACTORY REJECT No matter how sweet and pretty is the tomato, if the boss doesn't like her, he cans hei*. James Earle Butler ROCK BOTTOM I took up horseback riding "I guess we should have put the hose away sooner this season." And found, to my remorse,

It's not the riding that is hard- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE It is the hay-stuffed horse! Mary Hall LOUD TALE LIAR'S CLUB CANDIDATES The first six months of a baby's life is likely to be a lung story. Two farmers were always bragging to one another about the fine crops D. O. Flynn they could raise. One day one farmer told his son to "go over to Sam's place and ask him if I can borrow his crosscut saw. If he asks, tell him we need TURNABOUT It to cut watermelon." a He admires the bare fashions Within a short time the son returned with this news: "Sam says he can't On others with a passion. let you have the saw until this afternoon. car- He's only halfway through a But when / threaten to uncover. rot." He snaps, "You can't. You're a Mother." Herm Albright Millie Wertheim

INTEMPERATE QUESTIONER A local man was lecturing on the virtues of temperance, but because of his red nose and face his talk was not very convincing. Toward the close of his talk, he assumed a pious demeanor, and said, "I have lived in this city all my life, and I am proud to say that I have never been in one saloon." From the back of the hall came a voice: "Which one is that?" Al Sponc

NAME OF THE GAME The tennis match was just over and a latecomer, addressing the general assembly, asked, "Whose game?" A sweet young thing sitting near by said shyly, "/ am." Nick Kozmeniuk

CHOICE—NOT CHANCE A widowed grandfather in his seventies announced to his family that he was going to marry a young girl in her twenties. "Why did you pick such a young wife?" everyone in his family asked. "Well." the old man confessed, "I decided I'd rather smell perfume than linament." "Would you believe I'm expecting delivery Giles H. Runyon on an air conditioner?"

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1966

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