Copyright © 2014 Michael Anthony Cobb All Rights Reserved. the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Has Permission to Reprodu

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Copyright © 2014 Michael Anthony Cobb All Rights Reserved. the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Has Permission to Reprodu Copyright © 2014 Michael Anthony Cobb All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation, or instruction. THE INTEGRATION OF REVIVAL METHODOLOGY, REFORMED THEOLOGY, AND CHURCH REVITALIZATION IN THE EVANGELISTIC MINISTRY OF ASAHEL NETTLETON __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Michael Anthony Cobb December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET THE INTEGRATION OF REVIVAL METHODOLOGY, REFORMED THEOLOGY, AND CHURCH REVITALIZATION IN THE EVANGELISTIC MINISTRY OF ASAHEL NETTLETON Michael Anthony Cobb Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Timothy K. Beougher (Chair) __________________________________________ Adam W. Greenway __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin Date ______________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . v Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Thesis . 3 Background . 4 Methodology . 14 Conclusion . 18 2. THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING . 19 Moral Declension . 20 Church Decline . 25 The Incoming Tide . 38 Conclusion . 49 3. ASAHEL NETTLETON’S SPIRITUAL FORMATION . 54 Introduction . 54 Overview of Nettleton’s Life . 57 A Decade of Revitalization (1812-1822) . 87 Conclusion . 90 4. ASAHEL NETTLETON’S THEOLOGY . 92 Introduction . 92 Nettleton’s Ministry . 95 Nettleton’s Mentors . 99 iii Chapter Page Nettleton’s Message . 121 Conclusion . 153 5. ASAHEL NETTLETON’S METHODS . 154 Introduction . 154 The Results of Nettleton’s Methodology . 196 6. CONCLUSION . 218 Suggestions for Further Study . 223 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 227 iv PREFACE Alex Haley, the author of Roots, once said in reference to himself, “If you see a turtle sitting on a fencepost, you know someone helped.” That was my personal sentiment as I had the wonderful opportunity to sit in seminars with world-class scholars and top-flight theological students at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. The steep learning curve that needed navigation, as well as the intellectual environment, stretched me as I sat briefly atop the academic world. It would be considerably difficult to express the level of gratitude warranted toward those who have helped me learn again to write at the graduate level, articulate a thesis, receive constructive criticism, and accept the challenge to achieve the highest degree conferred in academia. A deep level of thanks is due to the faculty of the Billy Graham School of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, with whom I had the honor of sharing a small portion of my life. They challenged and stretched my understanding of the gospel, in addition to spurring me to a higher degree of excellence in my personal life. In particular, I want to thank Dr. Timothy Beougher, my supervisor, as well as the other members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Adam Greenway and Dr. Michael Haykin. Their straightforward feedback, encouragement, and academic expertise were invaluable during the writing process. Certainly, I owe a debt of gratitude to the congregation and leaders of Fair Haven Baptist Church, who have allowed me the time required to study, commute to seminars, and write papers—all while being a full-time pastor. They encouraged me to pursue an advanced degree, arranged for paid time off to fulfill the degree requirements, and were willing to allocate resources to cover travel expense and purchase books. v Finally, I want to thank my wife and best friend, Terri, and our three beautiful, enthusiastic children—Joshua, Hannah, and Daniel. During this trying season of research, study, and writing, they have been a source of constant encouragement. This dissertation is dedicated to my wife in particular, who has always believed in me, even when others, including myself, did not! Michael Anthony Cobb Shelbyville, Tennessee December 2014 vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Regarded by one historian as being among the greatest evangelists in American history, 1 Asahel Nettleton (1783–1844) represents an evangelical enigma. During the New England phase of the Second Great Awakening, his contemporaries estimate that he was “the means of awakening no less than 30,000 souls.” 2 While Nettleton has been called the “forgotten evangelist,” 3 his ministry in nineteenth-century America was remarkable. When one takes into account the American population in the early nineteenth-century being only nine million, 4 and the fact that his ministry area was small and rural in nature, an equivalent awakening of souls in the latter part of the twentieth century “would be over 600,000.” 5 Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of his evangelistic ministry is not the size of his harvest, nor the fact that his methods were counter-intuitive, 6 or that a large percentage of his converts stood the test of time, but 1Thornbury concludes, “The fact is, that given the extent of his exposure, and the permanence of his converts, he very well may have been next to George Whitefield, the most effective evangelist in the history of the United States.” John F. Thornbury, God Sent Revival: The Story of Asahel Nettleton and the Second Great Awakening (Grand Rapids: Evangelical, 1977), 229. 2Bennett Tyler began Nettleton’s biography with these words: “It cannot be otherwise than interesting to read how the Lord led one whom some believed to have been the means of AWAKENING no less than thirty thousand souls. ” Bennett Tyler and Andrew Bonar, Nettleton and His Labours: The Memoir of Dr. Asahel Nettleton (Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1975), 17, emphasis original. 3James Ehrhard, “Asahel Nettleton: The Forgotten Evangelist,” Reformation & Revival Journal 6 (1997): 68. 4Ibid. 5Thornbury, God Sent Revival , 233. 6James Ehrhard states, “Most surprising to modern readers is the discovery that Nettleton’s tremendous effectiveness occurred without any of the methods that modern evangelicals think are so 1 rather his strategy of intentionally going to churches that needed revitalization. Considered “waste places,” 7 these churches were already dead or in the process of dying before Nettleton felt led to hold meetings and pray for revival. The social context of New England and the spiritual condition of the churches during the Second Great Awakening suggest that Nettleton has much to teach modern evangelicalism. Indeed, the parallel for church revitalization today is striking. Among the array of books focused on the need for church revitalization, Harry Reeder notes that about 95 percent of North American churches have about 100 people in attendance, 80 percent are on a plateau or in decline, and thousands die every year. 8 Moreover, specialists in church health and growth have ominously concluded, that after many years, the initiatives to alter these trends are not yet producing significant results. Towns, Stetzer, and Bird conclude, Yet all our innovations, whether bold or common, haven’t done much good in terms of addressing the Church’s deeper issues. After 50 years of sprucing up our churches and spicing up our worship, the culture is less reached and those who go to churches less committed. There is something wrong—and innovation has not “yet” answered the deeper issues. 9 One could conclude from these seasoned experts that the church does not need greater innovation; it needs deeper renovation, the kind that Asahel Nettleton experienced and promoted during the Second Great Awakening. essential in evangelism. For example, in all his ministry, thousands came to solid, lasting faith in Christ, though Nettleton never once gave an ‘altar call.’” Ehrhard, “Asahel Nettleton,” 86. 7Thornbury defines waste places: “This expression meant that the churches were small in membership, spiritually inert, and often were unable to afford a full-time minister. It was generally known that the low state of religion here was attributable to events which took place in this region some sixty years previously.” Thornbury, God Sent Revival , 48. 8Harry Reeder, From Embers to Flame: How God Can Revitalize Your Church (Nashville: B & H, 2008), 7. 9Elmer Towns, Ed Stetzer, and Warren Bird, 11 Innovations in the Local Church (Ventura, CA: Regal, 2007), 236–37. 2 Thesis His portrait rests against the roof support, hidden from the eyes of what used to be admiring theological students. The once revered image of Asahel Nettleton stands tucked away amid dust and spider webs. 10 In an unfortunate miscarriage of historical recognition, 11 the life and ministry of Asahel Nettleton remains hidden within American evangelicalism. 12 Could it be that rather than looking in new directions for the solution to the ills that plague the North American church, evangelicals should look in the forgotten loft and reexamine the methodology of this great evangelist? Is it possible that rather than looking to innovation, the church should return to his strategy of renovation? The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze and present Asahel Nettleton as a significant template for modern church revitalization and renewal; the primary thesis arguing that the methodology and theology of this obscure evangelist present an effective model of renovation for the declining evangelical church. Moreover, this research project will contend that integrating the revival methodology and Reformed theology exemplified in Nettleton’s evangelistic ministry could enhance and strengthen
Recommended publications
  • Jonathan Edwards' Life: More Than a Sermon
    Jonathan Edwards 1 Running Head: JONATHAN EDWARDS Jonathan Edwards' Life: More Than a Sermon Matthew Ryan Martin A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2003 Jonathan Edwards 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. Chairman of Thesis ~~Ha.rVeY man, Th.D. .. Committee Member Branson Woodard Jr., D.A. Committee Member JrJdy,/, ,.IS ndlin, Ph.D. ASSIstant Honors Program Director Jonathan Edwards 3 Abstract Jonathan Edwards, born, (1703-1758), was a great man. He is often known only for a sermon, "Sinners in the Aands of an Angry God." This is unfortunate because followers of Christ should know this man's life. This paper focuses on Jonathan Edwards as a godly family man and on his missiological work. An emphasis is not carefully analyzed by many. The research for this essay originated from the author's desire to know more about Mr. Edwards. The texts studied are The works ofJonathan Edwards, along with many scholarly books and essays. The main modern books used are from Perry Miller and Elizabeth Dodds. All in all, the following research adds clarity and context to Edwards' legacy and to its enduring value to Christians. Jonathan Edwards 4 Jonathan Edwards' Life: More Than a Sermon Introduction Even after growing up in the church as a child, the writer did not discover the name of Jonathan Edwards until the beginning of his high school freshman year.
    [Show full text]
  • Covenant Theology in Reformed Perspective
    COVENANT THEOLOGY IN REFORMED PERSPECTIVE Collected essays and book reviews in historical, biblical, and systematic theology Mark W. Karlberg Wipf and Stock Publihsers 150 West Broadway, Eugene OR 97401 Made available electronically through Two Age Press Covenant Theology in Reformed Perspective By Karlberg, Mark W. Copyright©2000 by Karlberg, Mark W. ISBN: 1-57910-315-4 (For the bound printed version) Printed by Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2000. This book is reprinted electronially by Two Age Press on behalf of Wipf & Stock Publishers. The original bound copy by Wipf and Stock differs slightly in pagi- nation. Dedicated to my parents and aunt, Dorothy Bloser, For their spiritual discernment in the things of the Lord And their sacrifice in the struggle for the faith in our generation. Soli Deo gloria Permission to republish material was granted by: Calvin Theilogical Journal The Evangelical Quarterly Foundations Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Trinity Journal The Westminster Theological Journal and by John Muether and Howard Griffith, editors, Creator, Redeemer, and Consummator: Essays in Biblical Theology Presented to Meredith G. Kline Collection of Articles CHAPTER ONE: “Reformed Interpretation of the Mosaic Covenant,” The Westminster Theological Journal 43 (1980) 1-57. CHAPTER TWO: “Reformation Politics: The Relevance of OT Ethics in Calvinist Political Theory,” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 29 (1986) 179-91. CHAPTER THREE: “Moses and Christ: The Place of Law in Seventeenth-Centu- ry Puritanism,” Trinity Journal 10 NS (1989) 11-32. CHAPTER FOUR: “The Original State of Adam: Tensions in Reformed Theolo- gy,”The Evangelical Quarterly 59 (1987) 291-309. CHAPTER FIVE: “Covenant Theology and the Westminster Tradition,” WTJ 54 (1992) 135-52.
    [Show full text]
  • Protestant Experience and Continuity of Political Thought in Early America, 1630-1789
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School July 2020 Protestant Experience and Continuity of Political Thought in Early America, 1630-1789 Stephen Michael Wolfe Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Political History Commons, Political Theory Commons, Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Wolfe, Stephen Michael, "Protestant Experience and Continuity of Political Thought in Early America, 1630-1789" (2020). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 5344. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/5344 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PROTESTANT EXPERIENCE AND CONTINUITY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT IN EARLY AMERICA, 1630-1789 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Stephen Michael Wolfe B.S., United States Military Academy (West Point), 2008 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2016, 2018 August 2020 Acknowledgements I owe my interest in politics to my father, who over the years, beginning when I was young, talked with me for countless hours about American politics, usually while driving to one of our outdoor adventures. He has relentlessly inspired, encouraged, and supported me in my various endeavors, from attending West Point to completing graduate school.
    [Show full text]
  • Jaguar I-Pace
    Good motoringThe magazine for members of GEM Motoring Assist Winter 2018 An inspector calls Secrets from the Michelin Guide PLUS Simple tips for safer winter journeys Mobile phone folly: Crystal ball gazing: Competition: why are conviction rates technology you’ll want to win a two-night break at falling across the UK? know about for 2019 the fabulous West Arms Snowy night. Flat battery. Stuck. Everyone from first phone contact to the visit was friendly and efficient. Phone call answered quickly, clear information about attendance times and contact number offered. Mechanic fixed the issue swiftly and efficiently. Very happy. Merry Christmas after all. Thanks GEM! Mrs Scott, Lincoln If you need a helping hand this Christmas... ...our award-winning breakdown recovery service is there for you, 24 hours a day, every day of the year. Of course, we hope you won’t need our assistance. But if you do, you know we will go the extra mile to help you. Have a very happy and safe Christmas. 24 safety advice, latest technology, best and WINTER worst motorway stops Regulars Don’t miss YOUR LETTERS: what you thought of our 09 feature on safety around horses, and why one COMPETITION: a chance to win a fabulous reader saw red over our speed detection review. 16 two-night break at The West Arms, a beautiful country inn near Llangollen in North Wales. EDITOR’S CHOICE: our seasonal guide gives 12 you great ideas on days out, short breaks and how your GEM membership can bag you some FLYING HIGH: when the RAF invited us to worthwhile bargains.
    [Show full text]
  • God and Man in Baptist Hymnals 14
    God and man in baptist hymnals 1784-1844 david singer Few issues are as significant or as intriguing for the student of intel­ lectual history as the manner in which ideas are transmitted from the intellectual elite to the broad masses of society. In point of fact, however, historians have given little systematic attention to this problem. This can be readily seen, for example, in the large number of scholarly writings which have dealt with the transformations in Calvinist theology in the period between the Great Awakening and the revivals of Charles Finney.1 Often written from a history of ideas perspective, and focused on the writings of a number of leading theologians, these volumes have clearly delineated the various stages in the shift from a strict Calvinism to Arminianism. What one seeks in vain in most of these studies, however, is any discussion of the ways in which the subleties of theological specula­ tion were made available to the average churchgoer. We know a great deal about men like Edwards, Backus, Beecher and Taylor, but very little about the manner in which their ideas entered the mainstream of Ameri­ can intellectual life. In order to achieve a more precise understanding of the ways in which changing theological ideas were disseminated and popularized during the early Republic, I have undertaken an analysis of Baptist hymnals pub­ lished in the years 1784-1844.2 While an extensive examination of the sermonic literature of the period would also have proved fruitful in this connection, the hymnals, being specifically intended for wide congrega­ tional use, offer, I believe, the best insight into the popularization of sophisticated religious concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reader's Guide to the Major Writings of Jonathan Edwards
    Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Faculty Books 11-30-2017 A Reader's Guide to the Major Writings of Jonathan Edwards Nathan A. Finn Jeremy M. Kimble Cedarville University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books Part of the Christianity Commons, History of Christianity Commons, and the Nonfiction Commons Recommended Citation Finn, Nathan A. and Kimble, Jeremy M., "A Reader's Guide to the Major Writings of Jonathan Edwards" (2017). Faculty Books. 198. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/198 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Books by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Reader's Guide to the Major Writings of Jonathan Edwards Description Jonathan Edwards—widely considered one the most important theologians in American history—has influenced generation after generation with his transcendent vision of our great and glorious God. But reading his writings for the first time can be a daunting task. Here to be your trustworthy guides are some of the very best interpreters of Edwards, who walk you through his most important works with historical context, strategies for reading, and contemporary application—launching you into a lifetime of discovering Edwards’s God-centered vision of the Christian life for yourself. Keywords Jonathan Edwards Disciplines Christianity | History of Christianity | Nonfiction Publisher Crossway ISBN 9781433554810 This book is available at DigitalCommons@Cedarville: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/198 “Christians wanting to dip into Edwards’s daunting prose but seeking expert help in doing so will find it in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • A Theological Guide to Calvin's Institutes: Essays and Analysis Peter A
    Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville Alumni Book Gallery 5-15-2008 A Theological Guide to Calvin's Institutes: Essays and Analysis Peter A. Lillback Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Lillback, Peter A., "A Theological Guide to Calvin's Institutes: Essays and Analysis" (2008). Alumni Book Gallery. 52. https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/52 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Cedarville, a service of the Centennial Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Alumni Book Gallery by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Cedarville. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Theological Guide to Calvin's Institutes: Essays and Analysis Keywords Reformed Church Disciplines Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Publisher P & R Publishing Publisher's Note Reprinted from A Theological Guide to Calvin's Institutes: Essays and Analysis by Peter A. Lillback, copyright 2008, P&R Publishing, Phillipsburg, NJ. ISBN 978-1596380912 This book is available at DigitalCommons@Cedarville: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/alum_books/52 6 × 9 SPINE: 1.056 FLAPS: 0 3 3 “A major step forward.” —J. I. Packer Twenty-one contributors, including some leading Calvin scholars, provide A THEOLOGICAL GUIDE TO a groundbreaking section-by-section analysis of John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. They supply essential background information; further INSTITUTES CALVIN’S develop Calvin’s discussions of topics including prayer, ethics, faith, assurance, and church and state government; and conclude with a valuable bibliography of Calvin resources.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contextual Commentary DELANO VINCENT PALMER
    ACTS A Contextual Commentary DELANO VINCENT PALMER Extra MILE Innovators Kingston, Jamaica W.I. Copyright © 2020 by Delano Palmer ISBN-13: 978- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or in- troduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior contractual or written permis- sion of the copyright owner of this work. Published by Extra MILE Innovators 54 Montgomery Avenue Kingston 10. Jamaica W.I. www.extramileja.com Cover Design: Pro-designer, Olivia AUTHOR CONTACT For consultation and speaking engagements email [email protected] for more information. NOTES Scripture quotations identified as JNT are from the Jamaica New Testament, copyright 2012 by the Bible Society of the West Indies. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations identified NKJV are from the New King James Version of the Bible. Copyright © 1979, 1980, 1982, by Thomas Nelson, Inc., Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise identified, Scripture quotations are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION; cop- yright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2010 by the International Bible Society, and Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights re- served worldwide. Scripture quotations identified NRSV are from the New Re- vised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations identified NKJV are from the New King James Version of the Bible.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Post-COVID World | Digitalization to Dominate Tech Industry
    Welcome To The Musk Continues To Ride Post-Covid World High With Tesla-SpaceX `125 VOL. 33 | ISSUE 12 | DECEMBER 2020 PCQUEST How To Buy The u Greatest DE Gadgets C EMBER 2020 For Your www.pcquest.com New Year UNDERSTAND • CHOOSE • IMPLEMENT IT u A Goldmine CCOVID-19OVID-19 & TTECHECH 22020020 T We arree aalreadlready llivingiving iinn an uuppggrraadeded NNeew NNormalormal hat’s Waiting For Columbus, Not For M idas u Cyber S ecurity Job R oles T o Watch Out For In 2021 Special Subscription offer on page 42 76 pages including cover When Even The Brick — Christof Domenig The 6 Essential Rules Of — Shahid Nizami CEO MD-APAC CBecame Smart oWienerberger Global nBeing A Businesst DisruptoreHubSpot nts `125 VOL. 33 | ISSUE 1 | JANUARY 2020 PCQUEST DATA/CLOUD 8-18 COVER STORY — YEARENDER The Importance Of Intelligent Transformation u JANUARY 2020 www.pcquest.com — Vivek Sharma UNDERSTAND • CHOOSE • IMPLEMENT IT MD—India P8 A GREAT YEAR LenovoFOR DCG TECHNOLOGY While the Covid-19 u Personalized pandemic-lockdown- recession was really tragic, E xperince DDIGITALIGITAL AACCELERATIONCCELERATION Toopp ttrendsrends fforor tthehe NNeew Yeeaar the real silver lining was the T hrough Intelligent Digital Workspace way technology stood up, accelerated and filled in the vacuum so that mankind could not only cope, but u R e-Imagining Business look forward to boot. We are entering a brand new T era which we are still hrough A struggling to define and I- R P A predict what it will actually be like. Terms like “New Special Subscription offer on page 58 76 pages
    [Show full text]
  • Gardiner Spring and the Presbyterian Old and New Schools by William Hoyt August 2011 for the Presbyterian Heritage Center
    Gardiner Spring and the Presbyterian Old and New Schools By William Hoyt August 2011 for the Presbyterian Heritage Center The Old School/New School tensions which led to the Presbyterian schism of 1837-1838 were linked with and paralleled Gardiner Spring’s long career as the pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York City.1 Samuel Miller, son and biographer of Samuel Miller D.D., LL.D., wrote that the beginning of the Hopkinsian controversy was “closely connected with the Rev. Gardiner Spring’s settlement in the Brick Church.” Miller continued: For half a century had this controversy been carried on in New England, and it had before now shown itself in the Presbyterian Church; but from about the date of Mr. Spring’s settlement, it assumed among Presbyterians fresh importance and gradually. divided 2 them into the New and Old School parties. Spring was involved in and deeply affected by the developing controversy. When the Old School/New School schism occurred, to the surprise of many who remembered his earlier role in the Presbyterian Church, he chose the Old School which was critical of Hopkinsianism, instead of the New School. Although he opposed the division of the denomination, he took an active role in the Old School church, serving as moderator of its 1843 General Assembly. More famously, he fathered the “Gardiner Springs Resolutions” in the 1861 General Assembly which, in the early days of the Civil War, committed the members of the Assembly to support the Federal government. In 1869 the aged Spring pled on the floor of the Old School General Assembly that there be no delay in voting to reunite with the New School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of My Encounters with the Historical Giants of Miami County, Indiana a Creative Project
    -. The Story of My Encounters with the Historical Giants of Miami County, Indiana A Creative Project (HONRS 499) by Holly A. Bakehorn Thesis Advisor: Dr. Daryl B. Adrian Ball State University Muncie, Indiana April 1998 Expected Date of Graduation: May 1998 Purpose of Creative Project The purpose of my creative project evolves from my work as an intern at The Miami County Museum in Peru, Indiana. I was selected to write, edit, and produce five videos to be played alongside their coordinating permanent displays. The video scripts were limited to local subjects: the circus, the 1913 flood, the railroad, the Miami Indians (specifically Little Turtle and Frances Slocum), and Cole Porter. Each one gives a short history and their importance to the community. These videos will be used to educate Peru and its visitors about Miami County's rich historical heritage. - -. The Story of My Encounters with the Historical Giants of Miami County, Indiana In the summer of 1997, I accepted an internship at the Miami County Museum in Peru, IN. My assignment was to create, write, edit, and produce scripts for a series of five historical videos. I would be doing all the research and writing, plus choosing all the footage, photos and background music, while a professional person would be hired to do the actual filming. The museum has approximately a hundred visitors a week, and it was hoped that the new videos would help to increase this number. These videos were also important for the museum to update their displays and would considerably help the Miami County Museum compete with the technology of museums around the state.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Industrial Revolution and Technology of Industrial 4.0
    International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 www.ijres.org Volume 9 Issue 1 ǁ 2021 ǁ PP. 64-71 An Overview of Industrial Revolution and Technology of Industrial 4.0 S. V. Anil Kumar*1 Ganapathy Bawge2, B C Vinay Kumar3 *1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PES College of Engineering, Mandya, Karnataka- 571401, India 3Department of Information and Technology, SKIT. Bangalore. Karnataka-560090, India *Corresponding author. S. V. Anil Kumar Abstract The article presents a complete overview of revolutions in industrial history as well as the Technology of Industry 4.0 and related terms. Industry 4.0 refers to the means of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies including Cyber-Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Internet of Service, Big Data and Analytics, Augmented Reality, Autonomous Robots, Additive Manufacturing, Cloud Computing, as well as Simulation. It serves important role to help combined and intelligent machines, man, materials, manufacturing lines and methods across organizational stages to build new types of technical data, systematic and high agility value chains. This paper also discussed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Industry 4.0. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Revolution, Smart Factory, Smart Product, Technology --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 12-01-2021 Date of acceptance: 27-01-2021 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]