/ Banksias: A giftfit fora Queen AMAGAZINE FOR Pet plants with a lethal bite

They display the plant kingdom's most unusual evolutionary adaptation - one which, In away, blurs the distinction between that and the animal kingdom.

At least that's been food for wayward enzymes which break down the bodies thought by science-fiction writers. and extract from them the nutrients In recent years they have become required. They have also gained an enormously popular as indoor "pet" insight on how these enzymes are plants. packaged and released in such a way With a sharp decline in the social that plant cells themselves are not acceptability of feeding Christians to the damaged. Hons , some might even say that insecti­ vorous plants are the perfect trifle for Little research the new predatory age. Despite the curiosity value of insecti­ The "deviousness" of the capture vorous plants not a great deal of strategies employed by such plants research has been done on them and for would fill the Marquis de Sade with much of this century a text by Charles envy. Darwin has remained the definitive Monash botanists Dr Nell Hallam, a work. senior lecturer, and David Parkes. an Such plants are found worldwide M.Sc. graduate, have studied these (several species grow in Australia, one strategies using the scanning electron endemic) in soils which are low in microscope housed in the Botany nitrogen and phosphates. Dr Hallam department. says that the plants have evolved in (Photo: 'Canberra TlIlles') They have also studied the cyto­ response to these conditions: the chemistry of insectivorous plants - that nutrients lacking in the soil have been Monash University Artist, Celia Rosser, was at Government House, is, the biochemical processes involved in extracted from the bodies of insects ­ Canberrs, last month when the Prime Minister, Mr Fraser, presented their digestion of insects such as flies, the nitrogen from amino acids and the Queen with a copy of the first volume of her monumental work, mosquitoes and midges. phosphates from the breakdown of "The Bankslas" on behalf of the people of Australia. The researchers have come to under­ tissue. Here, Mrs Rosser discusses some of the illustrations with the Queen stand how cells in the plants produce There are two main types of traps and the Duke of Edinburgh. employed by different species of insecti­ • The thumb-sized Cephalotua (below) is vorous plants, one with a more "active" Also at the ceremony were Alex George, Executive Editor of 'Flora of 'ound only in the Albany region of Western mechanism than the other. Australia', the taxonomist responsible for the scientific text accompany­ Australia. Others in this species of pitcher plant grow to between 30cm and 60cm in ing Celia's paintings, and the Vice-C}lancellor of Monash, Professor height. Continued overt••f Martin, and Mrs Martin. The presentation volume - one of only 730 printed - is the first of three planned books in which all 70 or more of the unique Australian plant will be illustrated and described. It has been described as one of the world's finest collections of botanical watercolour drawings . ....The Banksias" was published by Academic Press (London) in association with Monash University to coincide with the XIII International Botanical Congress held in Australia late last year. An immense book - it measures about 770mm x 550mm, and weighs 1Bkg - it sells for 965 pounds sterling. But already, Australian sales have reached 130, and steady sales have been reported overseas. Meanwhile, YOU can enJoy some of Celia Rosser's artistic genius ­ with the new set of "all-occasion" cards just produced by the University. These cost only 40c each - and you can read about them on page 2. Keeping in touch We ...... ',. • I'e amel As has happened for the last few years, this last issue of n, ... lor the _ Is being mailed to all Monaoh graduat •• in 8 bid to keep them ~lfOIl".d of U"'-alty ac:tiviIies. In the centro you'lI find 8 four-page V.. r In Review """,*,_~. And ....."""0 there's news on ­ • Guerdlenehlp law reform plopossla ...... 3 • ~ dNtInIttlons, summer Jobs ...... 6 • BIoethIce: Its vital role; how YOU can help ...... 8 & 11 Special card offer

The leaves of Oro..,. (left) have halr·like tentacles that produce drops of shiny liquid (seen in close-up above) which are fatally attractive to insects. 'Fan-vaulted ceiling'

has deadly purpose The Information Ollice has released a set of "all-occaslon" carda featuring some of Cella Roaser's Banksla paintings. Continued from page 1 At present, three speCies are available: Banksla aemula (shown here), Banksla occldentatls, and Banksla serrata. More opportunistic than "active" are the "vat" where the digesting fluid com­ All have been beautifully printed In full color on man Alabaster Ivory the "pitcher" plants which have static pletes its work in about a week, leaving board, and measure approx. 155mm x 115mm. The illustrations were traps, embedded nevertheless with nothing but the exo-skeleton. taken from Volume 1 of Celia Rosser and Alex George's "The Banksias',' obstacles to prevent the prey's escape. (There is a species of spider "one up" and reproduced from transparencies supplied by 'Your Garden' The behaviour of the second type more on Nepenthes. It leads a daredevil life by magazine. closely resembles that of animals-parts nimbly spinning a web just inside the The cards bear no inscription (other than an identifying caption), but are of the plant move when stimulated by mouth of the pitcher and parasitically ideal for Christmas - as for any other occasion. the insect so that it actually "holds" its using the plant's alluring strategy to They cost (whh envelope) only 40 cents each, and may be ordered prey to ensure entrapment. aUract its prey.) Ihrough the Information Office, or bought over-th~ounter at the Inquiry The pitcher plants, in common, In Sarrac:enia, the pitcher's design is Desk, ground floor, University Offices. attract insects to the trap (a pitcher­ akin to a fan-vaulted ceiling. Once shaped pan of the plant, hence the inside the receptacle the insect faces the name) by producing "bait" - alluring rather horrific prospect of negotiating a liquids and smells - from glands at its bed of downward pointing spikes. This lip. plant is found in Central America. The nature of the obstacle within the Also found in this region is Darling­ pitcher, to prevent the prey escaping tonia or the cobra plant so named once it has been lured, varies among the because of the trapping mechanism's species. The principle, however, is the remarkable similarity in appearance to same: in repeated encounters with the the cobra, tongue protruding, poised to obstacle the insect becomes exhausted strike. and finally falls to the floor of the pitcher which is lined with cells which produce digesting fluid. Deceptive 'skylight' In this group there is, for example, Nepenthes which is found south from The "tongue" is the lure, leading the the Malaysian peninsula 10 Cape York. insect up into the "head" of the plant. The inside walls of this plant's pitcher This head is dotted with "skylights" are lined with plates of wax. Once the where the plant wall is thinner, admit­ insect has been enticed inside, its foot ting light. The insect attempts to fly off, pads become blocked with wax. The vertically, in the direction of the light more it struggles the more clogged the source. The plant wall thwarts its pads become. Finally the insect falls into attempts. Eventually the insect falls into the adjoining tubular section of the plant to be digested. There is one pitcher plant with a narrowly localised distribution. It is Cephalolus which is found only around Albany in Western Australia. Whereas other pitcher plants grow, on average, to a height of from one to two feet, Cepha­ lotus is a thumb·sized plant. Drosen is often a roselte-shaped Ine pitcher-shaped receptacle of the cen. plant with a central nower stalk found tral Amertcan Sarrecenl. has stalactite·like world-wide. It adopts a more active spikes set in a pattern resembling a fan· SPOTLIGHT ON vaulted ceiling. strategy of entrapment. Ils leaves are covered with hair-like trap. It is a native of Central America ESPERANTO tentacles. Red-coloured cells at the end and the south of the U.S. of these tentacles produce drops of shiny The clam-shaped plant has sensitive Next year is the Year of International liquid atlractive to insects. In German hairs which line the middle of its " man­ Communication. this digesting liquid is termed fang­ ". ..trap" like leaf. When these are triggered schleim. so onomatopoeic that English- rl1e trap snaps shut in less than a second. Some believe (hat the teaching of speaking botanists seem not to bother Two or more hairs have to be stimulated Esperanto, the "international with a translation. before the trap operates, ensuring that it language". is the quickest, easiest and When an insect contacts a tentacle, is an insect walking through that is cap­ most democratic way of removiDR the surrounding tentacles undergo rapid tured and not an object such as a twig barrier between people imposed by movement in direction of the prey. They which can fall in by chance . language differences. throw on to it globules of fangschleim. There are also species of aquatic An exhibition highlighting the history The central American Darllngton!a is com. monly known as the cobra plant - for The other major strategy is the active plants which feed on small living and aims of Esperanto opens in the reasons that are strikingly obvious in this snap trap. employed by Dionaea, a plant organisms. Among them is Utricularia Monash Main Library (his month and photo. more commonly known as the Venus fly or the "lobster pot" plant. will remain on show until January. NOVEMBER t982 2 MONASH REPORTER "The presumption of competence serves to protect each and every element 'New deal' proposals for of the bundle of normal life decisions from being unnecessarily taken out of the control of the individual by virtue of a guardianship order,' I says Dr Carney. cised on his behalf - and the philo­ "These Iwin principles dictate that the handicapped sophy behind reform of existing laws. guardianship orders should be 'tailor­ "Guardianship," Dr Carney says, made' to the individual assets and The Victorian Government is about to receive reform proposals on "remains one of the very few legal liabilities of the person concerned. In guardianship for intellectually handicapped people which, if enacted, relationships capable of being reformed short, chat guardianship be parsimon­ should rank this State's provisions among the best in the world. and transformed into an institution ious, flexible and individual." serving as a vehicle for the recognition Preparing an initial discussion paper In an article in the latest issue of the The reform proposals introduce the and protection of the human rights of and subsequent draft legislation on the Monash University Law Review and in concept of partial guardianship as a step intellectually handicapped people." issue has been the task of a Working an interview with Monash Reporter. Dr towards achieving these aims. A "guiding tight" behind reform is ,Party set up by the Minister for Health. Carney has discussed guardianship ­ Victorian law as it stands falls well the 1971 United Nations Declaration of Chaired by Dr Errol Cocks, that body where certain powers and responsib· short of satisfying UN standards, the Rights of Mentally Retarded has had among its members Dr Terry ilities normally entrusted to the citizen according to Dr Carney. Persons.This Declaration opens with the Carney, senior lecturer in Law at as an inherent right of adulthood are assertion that "the mentally retarded Monash. transferred to another party to be exer- person has. to the maximum degree of Three alternatives feasibility, I the same rights as other human beings." There are three ways by which It goes on: guardianship may be extended under "The mentally retarded person has a existing law: right to a qualified guardian when this is • Any person below the age of 18 is required to protect his personal well­ under the guardianship of his parents. If being and interests (and) ... a right to this guardianship cannot be discharged protection from exploitation, abuse and the child may be admitted as a ward of degrading treatment." the State. The emphasis of specific entitlements • A person may designate power of for the intellectually handicapped put attorney so that another person is forward by the UN is on their social and authorised to exercise specific powers civil rights to participate to the over his affairs. There is, however, a maximum degree in the ordinary hurdle to the intellectually handicapped community. It embodies the concept of adult appointing his own ~~normalisation." attorney/guardian: the person traos­ ferring powers is obliged to have sufficient understanding of their nature Starting point and effect as a demonstration of his In seeking to secure those (currently legal capacity to delegate. neglected) rights in Victoria the reform • Guardianship may be extended under proposals adopt as their starting point the provisions of the Public Trustee Act two associated principles - that of "the and associated provisions of the Mental least restrictive aJternative" and "the Health Act. presumption of competence". Dr Carney says that a major The least restrictive alternative aims deficiency in these last provisions lies in to ensure that the intellectually handi­ their concentration on property and capped are accorded maximum financial matters, to the neglect of social autonomy of action and control over and civil rights. their own affairs. Dr Carney says it is a "This bias may have been appropriate "bulwark" against well-meaning but to the social conditions of the 19th over-protective legislation or the century but it is something of an tendency to assume general in­ anachronism in this day and age. Few competence from evidence of incapacity handicapped persons have any in a narrow area of personal decision. fortunes," he says. This is at the heart of the reform: A second set of defects can be breaking the Jink between guardianship described as structural weaknesses or and general incompetency. The fact of barriers to access to the 'existing law. guardianship should not in itself auto­ The terminology employed in the matically affect civil rights such as the present guardianship procedure creates right to vote, drive a car or enter a stigma for the retarded person in need of contract, or indeed the range of life help and pain for the parents seeking to decisions such as place of residence, ensure he will get it. The procedures are participation in social activities, and cumbersome. there are inadequate pro- aspects of diet, dress and the like. Continued over1ellf Dust off those treasures

Want to know whether tbat vase gathering dust in the spare room cupboard is really as valuable as Aunt Jemimah fondly belie"ed? For $2 you'll be able to find out - at Monash's first "Antique Assessment Day", to be held at Chadstone Shopping Centre on Friday, November 26. The "Day" has been organised by the Monash Advisory Committee, a small group convened by Mrs Rena Martin, the Vice-Chancellor's wife, to act as ad­ visers and co-ordinators for special projects not covered by University funding. The proceeds from this enterprise will go to the Monash Art Fund. Mrs Martin (pictured at right with committee member Mrs Margaret Endersbee) says that experts in a number of fields will be available at the Chadstone Community Centre between Ila.m. and 3p.m. to give on-the-spot assessments of family treasures. Among them will be representatives of: Leonard Joel (Auctioneers), Classic Gems Pty. Ltd., Joshua McClelland Antiques, Yately Galleries, Kenneth Hince (old and fine books), and Mrs June Stringer, president of the Australian Lacemakers' Association. Monash Arts and Crafts Centre will also be represented by members displaying their talents in painting, pottery, stained-glass windowmaking, silver-smithing, weaving and other pursuits. Tea and coffee will be served. Mrs Martin stresses that assessments (limited to 10 per person), will be given ; ~.,. : ~ , .... NOT for insurance purposes, but rather for personal information. ___.... K,\

MONASH REPORTER 3 NOVEMBER 1982 Computer Centre to spread its 'net'

The Monash Computer Centre has developed a computer network system which permits access 10 any computer on campus from one terminal. .

The network system is the result of substantial investment for equipment," five years of research and development Dr Bellamy says. "We now have a dual and will eventually liok several hundred processor B6700 computer, seven VAX terminals on campus and at the teaching computers, 12 MONEeS computers and hospitals to the University's computers. a range of printers and graph plotting The Centre's Director, Dr Oiff devices. There is also a VAX computer Bellamy, says the system is at present run by Computer Sciences and another Female students scooped the prize pool in the 1982 Goethe Poetry Competition for being installed and has about 100 by Electrical Engineering. secondary school students of German which was organised this year by Monash's German terminals connected to it. department. "The facilities for students and the Last month the Consul..General in Melbourne of the Federal Republic of Germany, Dr The network system is the work of a standard of teaching at Monash is Kart-Heinz Scholtyuek, presented prizes and certihcates to the 20 place-getters team which includes Dr Bellamy, Mr thought to be as good as any in (including only one male) and some 50 other finalists in a ceremony in Robert Blackwood Barry Treloar, Mr Nen aarke, Mr Keith Australia. Hall. Heale and Mr Patrick Miller. The competition is sponsored by the German Consulate, the Goethe Society, the Goethe Research represents only a part of the "The equipment has cost more than Institute and the German departments of Monash and Melbourne universities. These $3 million, and there are more than 600 departments lake It in turns to organise the event. Computer Centre's activities. One of its The first prize winners were: Year 10. Fiona Pe.cock (SI Leonard's College); Year II. main roles is to provide computer computer terminals housed in different Annabella Johnson (Presbyterian Ladies College); and Year 12, Janet Watson (Penktigh facilities and consultative services for parts of. the University. Students have and Essendon Grammar School). staff and students. It is also heavily access to about 300 of them." • Our picture shows Janet Watson receiving her prize from Dr Scholtyssek. In the involved in teaching. background are M.... GiMle T"mann-1

New deal for handicapped? Contlnuedfrompage3. visions for legal representation and "The majority could - and should ­ of some of that legislatio-n. reliance on a superior court. review, and there is no mechanism for become wise and sensitive holders of Dr Carney says that the essence of the Recommendations on the type of "tailor made" orders. Guardianship partial guardianship powers under new scheme being proposed for Victoria can guardianship orders endorse Alberta under the Public Trustee Act is an "all legislation. But they must be attracted be drawn from elements of legislation practice. They should be individually or nothing" state which is ameliorated to. and won over by, an administration existing in Alberta (Canada) and South tailored and preferably partial. only to some degree by the adminis­ which they will be tempted to character­ Australia. The innovative features in the trative practice. ise as bureaucratic meddling with In devising institutions and pro­ Victorian discussion paper lie mainly in Personal guardianship provisions mallers properly the preserve of the cedures for determining guardianship the area of the distribution of powers relating to the person as dislinct from family unit. which are widely accessible, yet fair and among the guardian, the person for his or her property in Victoria are, Dr "It is imperative that they be won accurate in their decisions, the Working whom he is responsible and the bodies to Carney concludes. "a dead letter." over, for the dangers of any carte Party's discussion paper prefers low-key whom he is accountable. What often happens now in practice is blanche or unsupervised guardianship "coffee table" justice to judicial forms Or Carney says that the Working that parents of intellectually handi­ are well documented. It would be of decision-making. Party has taken a rather "jaundiced capped people continue to exericse immoral for the State to wash its hands Preference has also been expressed for view" of the South Australian guardianship over them after they turn of this mailer and allow the civil rights guardianship legislation which eschews procedure of entrusting to the adminis­ 18 . But it is a de faCIO relationship that of intellectually handicapped adults to labels and offers il s services to everyone trative body alone questions of sterili­ has no foundation in law. be suppressed by well-meaning, over­ ~ whether aged, accident victim or the sation, abortion and tissue donation. This accepted practice raises the protective parents. iniellectually handicapped. The Victorian paper also advances question of the sensitivity with which "What is required, daunting though As with the Alberta Act (but unlike improvements which should ensure that reform to the law must be handled, says the prescription appears, is a law which that in South Australia), Dr. Carney guardians would be less likely to acquire Dr Carney. will win that support and confidence." proposes that provision should be made powers over matters related to the values "Many aged parents view it as their In making recommendations on such for guardianship to be delegated to' and lifestyle of the person affected, inalienable right to be able to continue a law the Working Party has been able members of the community who would would receive orders which were rather to exercise de jure the absolute powers to consider a substantial body of legis­ be approved by a body with adjudicative more specific and detailed than their of guardianship and control which they lation enacted in several North powers. The South Australian style of overseas counterparts, and would be have assumed in respect of their adult American and Australian States. It has adjudication by an administrative body encouraged to act more in the role of intellectually handicapped 'children'. also been able to assess the shortcomings or tribunal is preferred to Alberta's advocates for their charges. NOVEMBER 1982 4 MO:-.lASH REPORTER I Monash International Monash aids Indonesian University

Monash staff members are playing a Professor Colin Johnston (medicine) major role in a project to relocate and and Dr Terry Hore (teaching upgrade fadUties at an Indonesian methodology). In addition, a University university. of Melbourne team is advising on The institution is Universitas Hasa­ agriculture and one from the University nuddin (UNHAS). located in Ujung of New South Wales on the library Pandang, Sulawesi. system. The relocation. the $US44.5m. cost of The teaching methodology team - Dr which is being funded by the Asian Hore, Mr Ian Thomas, Mr Neil Paget Development Bank, is receiving and Mr Ted Snell. all of the Higher technical assistance from the Australian Education Advisory and Research Unit Universities International Development - spent three weeks at UNHAS recently Program. conducting an intensive workshop on Construction started in' January. As topics requested by the University'S well as new buildings, the project staff. involves an upgrading of equipment and improvement of the skins of staff. Workshop topics The workshop was built around six Current project topics: planning for instruction; assess­ ment of student performance; large Monash has had a long involvement group teaching; audio-visual media; in assistance to Indonesian universities evaluation of teaching; and program • (From left to right): Dr Jan LuhulllNl (Universitas Hasanuddln). Dr Terry Hore (Monash). pioneered by Professor Bill Rachinger. review and evaluation. Mr Ted Snail (Monash), lis Haayah Hanang (Universitas Hasanuddin), Mr Gunento of Physics, and Associate Professor Dr Hore says that the final part of the (Universitas Hasanuddin), IIr Nell Paget (Monash), M,.. Soetiartl Hanono (Universitas Artbur Williams, of Mechanical workshop consisted of a personal Hasanuddin) and Mr Ian Thom.. (Monash). Engineering. project which provided an opportunity specified what project they would pants to work both in the workshop and [n the current project, tender for participants to complete a unit of undertake and signed a contract with the in their .own time on their project. The documents for new equipment are being work which could be written in Indo­ team agreeing to c9mplete the projects varied from an analysis of pre­ prepared by three Monash teams headed nesian and used in their teaching. requirements by a certain date. requisites to detailed lecture prepara­ by Professor Rachinger (advising in the He says that the principles of contract Dr Hore says: "This method proved tion, muJtiple choice test item writing area ot .sclence ana technology), learning were used: participants popular and successful in getting partici­ and test analysis." Chinese scientists Monash host to visit Monash Japanese editor

• Associate Proiessor Harold Bolitho (left) and Mr Kensaku Shirai, foreign editor of the Tokyo daily, Asahi Shimbun. Photo: Tony Miller.

Coverage of Australian affairs in the One of the stereotypical notions that Japanese press could improve the Japanese hold about Australia, leading members of China's top scientific body, Academia Sinica, who were in following the visit last month of Mr says Mr Shirai, is that the country Melbourne last month for the opening of the Chinese dinosaur exhibition at the National Kensaku Shirai, · foreign editor of still pursues a "whites only" policy. Museum, visited Monash to check on progress of a project involving Chinese and Monash vertebrate paleontologists. Asahi Shim bun, a Tokyo daily with (at seven million copies) the sec:ond H[ find that that is far from the case," he says, Hand am impressed with the Chinese scientists have been working with Or Pat Rich, of Earth Sciences, and Mr Ron largest circulation in Japan. Savage, of the Japanese Department, on a computer·based system for the automatic Mr Shirai was attempting to gel a "feel" way in which this country has shaped translation of Chinese paleontological literature into English (and vice versa) and the pro­ for Australia during his visit and met a multi~ultural society." duction of the first Chinese·English/English-Chinese dictionary in the subject. with politicians, business leaders, Mr Shirai ha~ served as correspondent fellow journalists and academics. He for Asahi Shim bun, which publishes Pictured above (from left to right) are Professor Minchen Chow, a visiting researcher in the Earth Sciences Department. Mr Ron Savage, Dr Tlng Haa, Bureau Director of visited the Japanese department at editions around the clock, in Academia Sinica and Mrs Yu·Ping Zhang, a visiting researcher in the Earth SCiences Monash for talks with Associate London, Washington and the Middle Department. Professor Harold Bolitho. East. MONASH REPORTER 5 NOVEMBER 1982 Computer Most medical graduates aim scientists have few to work in general practice problems In conjunction with the Australian Graduate Careers Council's annual survey of graduate destinations, the Monash Careers-and Appointments females. Anaesthetics, psychiatry, A survey by the Monash University neurology and the Flying Doctor Service Service undertook a survey of Monash ·medical students who graduated in Careers and Appointments Service 1981. attracted male aspirants. indicates that the 1981 stream of Amongst those not expecting to stay Monash science graduates with major The aim of the survey was to obtain a Twenty one per cent were under 24, 44 in medicine, one expected to be s.udies in computer science had no diffi· profile of medical graduates and per cent were aged 24, 33 per cent were unemployed and another to enter culties in gaining employment. ascertain their long-term goals with a aged 25-29 and two per cent were aged another profession. The survey was conducted con­ view to conducting a further survey in 30 and over. The Careers and Appointments currently with the annual survey by the about five years' time. All graduates who responded except Service says in its survey report that the Graduate Careers Council of Australia Sixty-three male graduates and 31 two expected to be practising medicine prospect of accommodating family of the destinations of all students who female graduates responded to the in five years' time. Sixty three per cem demands was mentioned by only one graduated from tertiary institutions in questionnaire ..:... a response rate of 70 hoped to enter general practice. Twelve graduate, who expected to work part· the previous year. per cent. per cent hoped to become surgeons and time in general practice while raising a Sixty-three science graduates with The respondents to the survey were to per cent hoped to become physicians. family, major studies in computer science were young compared with the general Among other specialties, sports "This seemed a small number surveyed in the Monash study. The university population, taking into medicine attracted 30 per cenl of males considering that most of the respondents response sample was 45. account that their ages were taken at the but no females. Paediatrics, obstetrics will be aged about 30, five years afler The survey found that 34 of these 45 end of a six-year course. and gynaecology were preferred by graduating," the survey says. graduates took up employment on completion of their' degrees. In all but one case the job was directly associated with computing. The odd one out took a job as a laboratory technician. Twelve graduates took jobs with computer suppliers and consultants, four with large manufacturing organis· ations, two in banking, two in insurance, eight in the public sector. two with oil companies and three with other finance organisations. The average salary was SI5,OOO with a range of 510,000 to 519,000. The survey says the success of Monash graduates in gaining employ­ ment is best evidenced by the fact that .one of the world's largest computer manufacturers employed five of them. liThe attractiveness of tbe graduates to employers is not in doubt," the study says. "What is perhaps of more interest is that the graduates themselves tend to be conservative in their identification of ' potential employers. The employers to whom the graduates appJied were generally the larger, more obvious, organisations. " Of particular interest in the survey. the report says, was the high proportion of graduates who included physics, chemistry, and at least one branch of mathematics at HSC level. As to the perceived benefits of the The Student Employment Office this academic year. and they often need to • Our picture shows, from left, Robyn month is posting out 6000 brochures repay these loans before the beginning Best, Irmgard Good and Karen course, most graduates tended to view it seeking summer jobs for Monash of the next year. Other students need to McGeachen, unleashing the mall barrage. instrumentally. the report says. It got students. find vacation employment in order to them a job. There were few comments in November surge of students seeking their replies regarding the benefits of The targets are "labor-intensive" finance their studies in the' following employment. An all·hours answering year. tertiary study in general. industries, such as food, beverage, paint service will assist employers in phoning The report comments: "This and plastics manufacturers, retail stores, For Engineering students it is an through their vacancies at any time. instrumental view is reflected in the petrol stations, hotels, construction essential requirement to gain 12 weeks lrmgard's advice to students is: "It is feeling of most students that the course companies, hospitals and municipal of course-related work before they are best to find work as soon as exams finish was not practical enough or councils. eligible to take out their degree. rather than take a well-earned rest. commercially oriented - perhaps in Many businesses, hopefully. will The brochure lists a wide range of It is generally accepted that a single later years after some 'incubation' the increase production before Christmas areas that Monash students could work student living away from home would overall benefits of tertiary study will but close down in January. Therefore, in. require about S80-$90 a week (in fact. become more apparent, particularly finding work in the new year will be These include: clerical, laboring, the equivalent of the Henderson poverty with computer science graduates, for more difficult. gardening, hotel and restaurant, data line figure for a single person, living those who move into areas involving "Cherry and strawberry picking will processing, storework, factory, away from home, is $98.64 per week), more scientific applications. ft technical, engineering, accounting, begin in mid-November in the Wandin, "Given the current state of the Lilydale areas and vacancies have domestic, driving, sales, childminding, economy, not all students seeking already been notified. Apricot and City meeting tutoring, fruit picking ... vacation employment will find it peach picking will begin in the ... and many other jobs, ineluding through the Employment Office," says Shepparton area from early December place interpreting and translating in JS foreign Irmgard. "Certainly it is one way, but (depending on the weather) and students languages. students should be prepared to use their should inquire at the Employment for graduates According to Student Employment own initiative by approaching :. Office in December. The University Club at 100 Collins St, Officer, Irmgard Good, summer personally or by letter as many .~~ ~ HIt has become imperative this year Melbourne, reminds graduates that it is vacation employment has, for most open for light luncheons between noon employers as possible within their own for students not to wait for the perfect students at Monash and other and 2.30 pm each weekday. suburbs or country town. Friends, job, but to accept anything that is universities, become a necessity. The Also there are 'happy hours' from neighbors and acquaintances can also be offered." 5-7.30 pm, Monday to Wednesday, and current grants and allowances have he I p f u lin fin din g sui tab I e The Student Employment Office is from 5 till midnight and beyond sadly. not kept pace with rising inflation Thursday-Saturday. Bookings are still employment." located on the first floor of the Union and the escalating cost of living. being accepted for Christmas functions. lrmgard, and her assistant Robyn Building and can be contacted on Inquiries about reservations, or Many students, she says, have found Best and student helper Karen 541 0811, ext. 3097 or 3297. This service membership, should be directed to it necessary to borrow money during the McGeachen, are gearing up for the is free to employer and student. Margaret Sloss on 63 1607. NOVEMBER 1982 6 MONASH REPORTER Where do consultants fit in?

The role of personnel consultants and 'professional' services, possess greater tivities of private personnel consultants, He says the role of university careers private employment agencies in student expertise. " warns that any deterioration in the pro­ and appointments service has been employment is questioned in a paper He adds: "We should take into ac~ fessional performance of university described as that of an "honest whicb Mr Lionel H. PanoU, officer-in­ count that the prime objective of per­ careers services makes them vulnerable. broker" . cbarge of the Monash Careers and sonnel consultants is the pursuit of pro­ "The areas of our general activities HAs far as personnel consultants are Appointments Service will deliver this fit, and that difficult operating condi­ are extremely attractive for their profit concerned, this might be extended so month. tions for them bring the visibility of any potential," he says, referring to the that we ensure there is 'fair dealing' bet­ Mr Parrott will present the paper at ethical standards they aspire to into private personnel consultants. ween them and our clients," he says. the National Conference of Careers Ad­ doubt, and will lead to increasing atten­ °ln essence, our attitude must be visers' Services at Bowral in NSW. tion being given to new agencies or determined by what is best for our "Whatever position careers and business. students," he says. "Have we any right appointments services adopt towards " Whereas our objectives might be to to' refuse assistance to a student simply personnel consultants either COllectivel y render simple and straightforward the because a job is being handled by a per­ or singly," he says, "it must not be process of getting a job," he says, "per­ sonnel consultant?" he asks. Calling all either a renection of professional petu­ sonnel consultants stand to gain by sur­ He adds: "Despite the personal feel­ lance, or based upon notions that per­ rounding this process with mystery." ings many of us may have about the ser­ sonnel consultants. because they offer Mr Parrott, who reviewed the ac- vices provided by consultants, and the prices charged for them, our objectives have surely always been to encourage Former Physiology students students to make career decisions for where are you? Your 4-year calendar themselves' and to accept responsibility The department 01 Physiology in­ for them. To usc a personnel consultanL tends surveying its former students -You can throwaway your crystal ball. June4 - August II; 3rd, September 3 is their decision rather than ours." (starting with those who took Physio­ Professorial Board has approved the - October 20. Exams start October 26. Mr Parrott quotes Isabel McKinney, logy 303 in1978 or 1979) to determine following term dates for the next FOUR 1985 secretary to the Universiiy of Sydney what type 01 work or lurther training YEARS I they are now undertaking. 1983 First term, March 4 - May 11; 2nd, Board, who commented at a 1960 con­ June 3 - August 10; 3rd, September 2 ference of Australian University If you were among this group the First term, March 7 - May 14; 2nd, department would appreciate hearing June 6 - August 13 ; Jrd, September 5 - October 19. Exams start October 25. Appointments Boards: "We require (he name of the employer to be given with Irom you. Contact the Chairman, - October 22. Exams start on October 1986 each job submitted by a consultant." Department 01 Physiology (Survey), 28. First term, March 3 - May 10; 2nd, That seems to be a common practice Monash University, Clayton. 3168. 1984 June 2 - August 9; 3rd, September 1 ­ Don't lorget to include your current First term, March 5 - May 12; 2nd, with careers and appointments services, October 18. Exams start October 24. Mr Parrott says. address. The socialist world's 'winds of change' AN INTERNATIONAL group of economists industrialised ones as the German Democratic recently sought the assistance of computers in an Ron Brelh and Ian Ward: SocIalism: tha Options, Republic and Czechoslovakia. A useful appendix [Melbourne: Hargreen Publishing Company, effort to unravel some of the major problems of 1982]. pp. viii & 182. No price given. setting out models of selected socialist economic socialist economies in Eastern Europe. systems outlines the Stalinist, Maoist and Castro­ Asked why there was an almost perennial meat Review by IAN CUMMINS, Guevarist models together with the more 'revisionist' shortage in Poland, the Polish computer hesitated for Senior Lecturer In History ones associated with such' figures as TilO and Ota Sik, a moment and then replied: "Do not understand the the economist who left his native Czechoslovakia after word ' meat'." of the withering away of the state upon the ultimate the suppression of Dubcek's Prague Spring in 1968 . To the same question, the American computer attainment of Communism, was of little immediate Not even the Communist superpowers have been responded: "Do not understand the term 'shortage'." use to beleaguered economic planners and managers able to resist -the winds of change: Breth and Ward The economists then fed the problem to the seeking to keep the fragile Soviet ship of state afloat in describe the more nexible Kosygin-Liberman model Soviet computer which, after taking a while to digest the turbulent seas of growing working class and which replaced the essentially Stalinist one which it , replied: " Do not understand the word 'why'." peasant discontent as well as a fratricidal civil war in survived de-Stalinisation and, in a political sense, This report from the mythical Radio Armenia, the the years immediately after 1917 . Khrushchev himself, until 1965. The modification of source of so many Soviet anecdotes, highlights some With many of Marx and Engels' expectations mis­ the Stalinist economic apparatus in the USSR has its of the issues examined by Ron Breth and Ian Ward in placed and Lenin having largely to improvise, it was parallel in China in the dismantling of some of the their new study of the economies of what , in the days not until Stalin's rise to power that it became possible economic structure which owed its inspiration to Mao before the Moscow-Peking dispute and the emergence to devise and impose an ambitious and full scale model Tse-tung and its replacement by a less centralised and of polycentrism, was once known as the Communist of economic organisation and development upon the somewhat more market-oriented system promoted by bloc. As the replies of the two Soviet bloc computers now more stable USSR. It is this Stalinist model, with the late Liu Shaoqi and the current Vice-Premier Deng suggest, two of the principal characteristics of the self­ its highly centralised decision-making machinery as Xiaoping. styled socialist societies are economic backwardness well as its inefficiencies and social inequities, that Ron Breth and Ian Ward confine their attention to on the one hand and authoritarian political systems on looms large in Ron Breth and Ian Ward's book. those forms of socialism which claim inspiration from the mher. In all probability, the combination of these Ranging as it does over the economies of sixteen Marx and Lenin. They do not consider such schools of two forces is, as Communist Party parlance would countries occupying approximately one-third of the socialist thought as Utopianism, Fabianism or have it, no accident. earth's surface and accounting for almost 40070 of its Western Social Democracy, whose theoreticians It is one of Marxian socialism's greatest misfortunes population, their study is an ambitious one. Its very might, in certain instances, dispute the applicability of that the economically more advanced Western scope, indeed, more or less makes their early treatment the term 'socialist' to some of the regimes discussed in societies which Marx and Engels considered to pos· of the concepts of an economic system, capitalism, this book. Stalinism was after ail marked not only by sess - or to be capable of developing - the economic socialism and communism almost unavoidably political oppression and social inequality but also by and cultural prerequisites of socialism have failed to general. economic inefficiency, a point whose recognition by fulfil the historic mission which those founding fathers Yet even here, and to a much greater extent in their various reformers in Eastern Europe as well as in the conferred upon them. To those attracted by the later chapters, they succeed in establishing clear Soviet Union itself has contributed to the development socialist ideal, it is perhaps an even greater cause for distinction between the various systems discussed. of some of the systems examined by Breth and Ward. regret that the Marxian banner, largely ignored by the The various modifications of, and more outspoken While some of the latter seek to avoid the undesirable bread-and-circus-seeking majority of the Western departures from, the original Stalinist prototype are aspects of the original Stalinist model, they have not working class, should have been picked up by men examined in much fuller detailin .subsequent chapters always succeeded in escaping some of the ills, such as (only very occasionally by women) who, seeking dealing with such problems a~ -l"fhe morale of and inflation and unemployment, which plague Western power in largely peasant societies, had concluded that incentives offered to, the work force; notions of economies at present. the only way to displace the authoritarian ancien workers' control and management of economic enter­ While Breth and Ward's account of the various regimes was to employ authoritarian methods of their prises; the forms of property obtaining and the Marxist-Leninist regimes today is fair-minded and own. amount of latitude given to private ownership wide-ranging, it is not a particularly encouraging one, Once installed in power, such people found that (especially in small-scale agriculture), and other issues . in terms either of economic efficiency or human Marx and Engels had little practical guidance to offer In terms of levels of economic development, Breth solidarity. Meanwhile if the Czechs these days are them. Nor could they look to Lenin for much assist­ and Ward's book ranges from poor agricultural hardly bouncing, General Jaruzelski and Lech Walesa ance: his SCaee and Revolu1ion (1917), with its vision societies such as those of Cuba and Laos to such remain Poles apart. MONASH REPORTER 7 NOVEMBER 1982 Confronting the 'Brave New World' .•. 550 years early

In 1980, Monash University established Australia's first Centre for Human Bioethics. Its purpose was to define and research the daunting challenges - legal, moral and social - thrown up by the revolutionary scientific advances of the latter half of the 20th century. Here, Dr Cora Singer, a research officer of the Centre, reviews some of its achievements to date, and looks at some of its current and future activities ...

lo 1932 Aldous Huxley wrote Brave. University of Western Australia, Pro· New World, a book that deals with the fessor Peter Singer, Monash University advancemeol of science affeding human and Mr, Justice Kirby, Chairman of the iadividuals and Cbeir quality of life. It Law Reform Commission of Australia. was a great success because its pro· The second conference, ''In-Vitro phecies looked as If they could con­ Fertilisation: Problems and ceivably come true. Possibilities" • was held at the Australa­ Huxley projected these developments sian College of Surgeons on March 11 6(X) years in the future, but in his this year. Professor Cart Wood describ­ foreword 10 the 1950 edition he thought ed the process of IVF and embryo it could happen in one century. Nobody transfer (E.T.); Mr and Mrs Brennan expected biological sciences to progress pleaded for IVF to continue (supported in 60 years to a stage where we talk by the cries of test tube daughter Pip­ about test tube babies. IVF and sur­ pin). Other speakers included Dr Alao rogate mothers in our daily life. "Trounson (Queen Victoria Medical Cen- The "biological revolution". which tre), who said freezing and preservation had seemed science fiction, started in the of human embryos was essential to th.e '60s with organ transplants, pre-natal current high success rate of the IVF-ET diagnosis. the possibility of controlling procedure; Mrs Helga Kuhse (Monash behaviour by direct electrical impulses Centre for Human Bioethics), who to the brain, and genetic engineering. discussed ethical questions arising from In 1969 the Hastings Centre, or to the procedure, and Mr. Alan Rassaby, give it its more formal title, The Institute legal questions. Dr. J. Santamaria (St. of Society, Ethics and The Life Sciences. Vincent's Hospital) warned that IVF was founded in Hastings-on-Hudson. and ET and the possibilities of "genetic One of the more Intrtguing events of the Bioethics Centre's year was the visrt in near New York, to discuss the ethical engineering" threaten the basic struc­ August of His Holiness, the Dele' Lama, for a seminar iO the University OHk:es. The problems caused by these rapid ad· ture of society. seminar focused on three burning issues of the 1980s - in vitro fertilisation, the vances in biological, medical, and Tapes and Proceedings of the Con­ rights of defective newborn children, and euthanasia. Papers on each of these topics were presented by acknowledged authorities in their fields ... respectively, behavioural sciencesi only an inter­ ference are available for sale. The Cen­ Professor Carl Wood (Monash), Dr Bernard Neal (Royal Children's Hospital) and disciplinary effort by law, science, tre for Human Bioethics has also .up-to­ Professor Peter Singer (Monash). Our picture shows the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, . medicine, philosophy, history, social date bibliographies on IVF and on Professor Kevin Westfold, introducing the Dalai Lama to the Dean of Medk:ine, science, and theology can decide on Acts/Omissions - Killing/Letting Professor Graeme Schofield. issues created by the technical advances. Die, which are available on request. Such contracts were not, he said, en­ Private meetings with interested The Centre also arranged lectures forceable at law in the United States, groups are also being arranged. with overseas professors with the Science doesn't have and would presumably not be in A book, Test Tube Babies: A Guide to assistance of a grant from the Myer Australia either. Moral Questions, Present Techniques all the answers Foundation. Professor George Annas, On IVF, Professor Annas said he and Future Possibilities, edited by two The pace of receO( scientific develop­ Associate Professor of Law and could see few problems in the members of the committee of the Centre ment in the medical and biological Medicine at Boston University, gave lec­ straightforward situation where the for Human Bioethics, Associate Pro­ sciences has far outstripped our abilility tures at the Royal Society of Victoria on genetic material came from the couple fessor W. A. Walters and Professor P. to achieve consensus on the proper use August 26 and 27. involved, but, in the future, surrogate Singer. has just been published by Ox­ of our knowledge. Many of the implica­ motherhood and embryo donations and ford University Press. tions of medical research affect the Perplexing issues of freezing would all raise issues needing The Centre is building an Association quality of our lives and will affect the careful examination. of interested members of the communi­ lives of future generations; answers to defective infants The Monash Centre for Human ty. both inside and outside the Universi­ these problems have to be found. As In his first talk Professor Annas ad­ Bioethics is currently working on two ty. The Centre produces a newsletter Professor Kluekhohn, the eminent an­ dressed the perplexing issues SurrOun­ major research programs, one concern­ which is circulated to all Associates, to thropologist, recognised: "science pro­ ding the birth of a seriously defective ing the treatment of severely defective keep them up-to-date with the work of vides only a car and a chauffeur for us; baby. He discussed five recent cases, in babies and the other on IVF and its the Centre as well as general news about it cannot, as science, tell us where to England and the United States, in which implications. the field of human bioethics. Associates drive". the courts have had to decide whether to Thanks also to the Myer Foundation receive notification of all lectures, The first Australian bioethics centre order treatment, against the wishes of the Centre is now arranging for Pro­ seminars and other activities organised was founded in 1980 - the Monash the parents, to sustain the life of the fessor Clifford Grobstein to Vlsll by the Centre and have access to CeO(re for Human Bioethics. The broad child. In all but one of these cases, the Melbourne for two weeks; he is Pro­ resources such as bibliographies and aims of the Centre are: court had ruled that where there was a fessor of Biological Science and Public reports. • To carry out research on issues in treatment available that can help the Policy at the University of California in We believe that a Centre devoted to human bioethics and to promote study child, you must use that treatment, ir­ San Diego. the study of pressing moral and ethical of the ethical, social and legal problems respective of its mental or physical Professor Grobstein will give two problems raised by the medical and arising. out of medical biological defects. public lectures at the Royal Sodety of biological sciences is vitally needed if we research. Professor Annas suggested, however, Victoria: "In-Vitro Fertilisation: The are to use our new knowledge wisely. • To provide an advisory and that courts were not the ideal place for Present Climate," on November 29 at University funds were provided to resource centre for government, profes­ these decisions to be taken, and that the Sp.rn., and "In-Vitro Fertilisation: Im­ establish the Centre. However. its sional, educational, and community challenge is to work out some principles plications for the Future", on December growth and development depend on groups. by which we can separate the broad kind 6, also at Sp.m. other regular sources of income from . • To stimulate the development of case that should be treated from the He will also be a guest speaker at a the wider .community. We welcome of educational programs in human broad kind of case that should not be ~ seminar on "Ethical Issues in Health donations, and invite those interested in bioethics for professionals and the treated. · ~ P.fomotion" at Lincoln Institute, making larger gifts or bequests to con­ public. His second talk was directed to issues Carlton, on November 30 at 2.ISp.m. tact us for further information. The Centre for Human Bioethics has raised by new methods of reproduction: Other speakers will include Dr. Bill Hart All donations to the Centre are held two conferences. the first, AID, Surrogate Motherhood, and IVF. from Lincoln Institute, and Or. Nigel allowable deductions for income tax "Medical Science and the Preservation He discussed the problems of children Gray, Director of the Anti-Cancer purposes, and bequests are not subject of Life: Ethical and Legal Dilemmas" wishing to know the identity of their Council of Victoria. to Probate and Federal Estate duties. was held at Mannix College in genetic parents, and of commerce in November last year. Speakers were Dr. human reproductive material or, con­ Turn to page 11 for an application form for associate member­ Erica Bates. from the University of New versely, of a woman hiring herself out as ship of the Monash Centre for Human Bloethlcs. South Wales, Professor D. B. Allbrook, an incubator for someone else's embryo. NOVEMBER 1982 8 MONASH REPORTER ...... F------~== -.- --~~~~~~="--"-~-----~------

Computer design increases productivity

TIle computer is revolutiooisiog the trial and error testing of design options desip aDd manufacture 01 components will be necessary. Computer graphics iD the airerart, automobile and other help the designer to understand and industries. visualise complex three-dimensional geometries of components and dies. In Monash's Mechanical Engineering department. Dr SaHth Gunasekera, a The benefits are increased product.,. senior lecturer. has pioneered leaching ivity and a reduced lead time in the and research in computer aided design production of components. and manuracturing (CAD/CAM) in . Dr Gunasekera says that the lead time recent years. (the time from concept to production) Dr Gunasekera returned in June from of. say, aircraft landing gear is, on an outside studies program conducted at average, two years. CAD/CAM has the the US Air Force Materials Laboratory ability to reduce that to six months. at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dr Gunasekera was invited to join the Dayton, Ohio. There he worked on the US Air Force Materials Laboratory's CAD/CAM or dies ror the production research program following his work at of wing parts from a new aluminium Monash on the analysis of non­ alloy which holds the promise of lighter I axisymmetric extrusion.and CAD/CAM more fuel efficient aircraft. of dies. This work has also involved He will be returning to Wright-Patter­ ~usumu Hoshino who came to Monash son, one of the US's largest air bases, from the Defence Academy. Tokyo, in during the long vacation for final testing 1978 and this year gained his Ph.D. of the dies he designed. At Dayton. Dr Gunasekera worked CAD/CAM, says Dr Gunasekera, has on the design of a complex extrusion die Or Sarath Gunaaekera examines the experimental ext~sion rig at the Wright-Panerson the potential to boost Australia's for a wiDg spar cap. Air Force Base In Dayton, Ohio. The rig is used to check the vatidity of computer models. competitiveness in manufacturing. This part is to be made from a new Currently we are at a handicap in this aluminium alloy (AI. 2024 with 2o

Monash has been awarded $1,614,924 in research funds from the Physiology AustraUan Reseafch Graftts Committee for 1983 - 8.35070 of the total Or l. Aitkin Brain mechanisms and binaural hearing 15,710 national payout. Or U. Proske Mammalian muscle receptors: Of the Monash allocation, $551,676 goes to fund 43 new projects - a development reflex responses and central actions 16,000 gratifying increase over the "new project" allocation of $309,562 in 1982. Or M. Weiss Biogenesis of adrenal steroids in The new projects funded are listed below: possum (Trlchosurus vulpecu/a) with ARTS specific reference to the "special" zone Anthropology & Sociology of the female 11,600 Or O. Ryan Rural-urban interaction in Papua New Guinea 6,280 SCIENCE German Botany Assoc. Prof. M. Clyne Cross-cultural comparison of academic Dr M. N. Clayton Studies on the reproductive biology of discourse 8,000 brown algae 13,848 History Cheml.try Dr J. D. Rickard Australian leisure activities in 1938 3,000 Prof. R. D. Brown Theoretical gaiacto--chemistry 12,800 Linguistics Or B. A. W. Coller Or G. Mallinson The Arumanian language of Northern Dr P. D. Godfrey Molecular structures in electrically Greece 3,380 Or S. R. Wilson excited states 2,150 Music Prof W. R. Jackson Syntheses of biologically important Dr M. J. Kartomi Sumatran music cultures 16,173 molecules involving metal catalysis 9,000 Earth Sciences ECONOMICS & POLITICS Prof. B. Hobbs The use of high pressures to determine Econometrics & Operations Research the rate controlling' process in olivine Or M. King Specification error in econometric plasticity 12,890 models 8,739 Dr P. V. Rich Palaeocoliagen and the Or K. McLaren Financial modelling in continuous Dr M. Rowley phylogeny of the tetrapods 1,330 Or M. Upcher time 7,200 Dr T. H. Rich Politics Genetics Or A. Davidson The creation ot consensus in the modern Assoc. Prof. Molecular genetics of transfer of state 4,232 V. Krishnapitlai pseudomonas aeruginosa R plasmids 10,600 Dr McKechnie Genetic variation in alcohol tolerance ENGINEERING Dr K. Lavery and alcohol dehydrogenase in a winery Chemical Engineering population of Drosophila melanogaster 17,250 Assoc. Prof. F. Lawson Application of laser speckle photography Mathematics Or G. Troup to mineral proce~sing investigations 11.890 Dr C. Ash Recursive model theory 5,000 Civil Engineering Dr J. G. Kupka Factorization of operators from Banach Dr G. Rozvany Optimization of structural layouts by spaces into spaces of measurable analytical methods 20,292 functions 5,000 Materials Engineering Or J. Monaghan Numerical simulation of star formation in Assoc. Prof. B.W. Cherry The structural basis of polymer friction 11.500 the presence of rotation and magnetic Or G. H. Edward Deformation mechanism mapping of fields 4,200 polymers 22,182 PhYSicS Mechanical Engineering Dr A. Fleming Thermally stimulated Or. G. Lleonart Wave energy transfer mechanisms 16,275 Conductivity/Luminescence studies of Or D. R. Blackman charge carrier trapping and transport in Assoc. Prof. J . B. organic polymers 1,000 Hinwood Dr T. Hicks Polarisation analysis of diffuse neutron Dr T. T. Nguyen Kinematic properties of Dr J. A. Davis scattering 28,725 Assoc. Prof. J. B. breaking waves Prof. 1. F. Smith Vibrational modes and Hinwood 7,155 Dr J. D. Cashion lattice stability in Dr T. R. Finlayson solids 29,306 LAW Dr R. Tobin Room temperature metal vapour lasers 17.251 Mr A. Farran Legal problems concerning Psychology Prot. D. E. Allan Australia and the GATT 11.750 Or A. Bowling Spatio-temporal interactions in human Prof. R. Saxt vision 6,635 Dr D. C. Bradley Language processes in MEDICINE Dr R. J . Wales listening and reading 16,000 Anatomy Dr J. Bradshaw Hemispace and itermodality Or M. S. Renfree Pregnancy and parturition in the Mr N. C. Nettleton interpretation and conflict in decision Prof. R. V. Short marsupial Macropus eugeni; 23.216 making and learning 16,000 Biochemistry Dr S. Crossley Behaviour genetic studies of naturally Dr S. Marzuki Structure and function of mitochondrial occurring populations of Drosophila 16.750 Prof. A. Linnane membranes 45.167 Dr 0 Irvine Auditory spatial coding in deep layers of Pathology & Immunology tat superior colliculus 7,200 Dr H. Ward Differentiation of chicken lymphocytes Dr D. M. Thomson Recall and recognition processes 17,000 and reticular epithelial cells studied by Dr W . Webster Neural systems in the primate involved monoclonal antibodies to cell membrane in auditory and visual spatial localization: antigens 15.000 a 2- (14C) - deoxyglucose study 17,000 NOVEMBER 1982 10 \IO"ASH REPORTER Reporter service

The ntats listed lbelew art opa 10 abe DEC. J: SEMINAR - "Science and scien­ p.blle. 'RBH' .b.....hoa. ".Dds for Robert tists in relation to public policy", Prof. Blackwood HaJl. Tbere is a BASS ticket'DC Clifford Grobstein. 4.15 p.m. Sl. outld o. campUl al lbe Alexa.ftf T'healre. SUMMER DIARY Inquiries: ext. 3266. NOV. 3: SUMMER SCHOOL, 19112-83: 4: CONCERT - Family day of fine Brochures for forthcomin& Summer 3-6: MUSICAL - "No No Nanette", and 3p.m. Proceeds in aid of Monash Art music featuring performers from the School now available. Inquiries: Arts & presented by Cheltenham Light Opera Fund. Inquiries: ext. 2002. Melbourne Youth Music Council. 4p.m. Crafts Centre. ext. 3096. Enrolments Company. Sp.rn. Alex. Theatre. CONCERT -Dawn Lois Dancing School and 7.3Op.m. RBH. Admission: adults open on November '8. Admission: adults $7.50; students and presents "Starlight Revue". tap and $4; students and pensioners $2. EXHIBITION - "DirectiQns Now": pensioners $5.50; children $4. Bookings: ballet dancing. 7.45p.m. RBH The Milchelton Print Exhibition 1982, SSS 3269. Information, tickets: 547 2027. fcaturina works by 14 contemporary 8: SEMINAR - "Deadlock in your 18: CONCERT - Junior Music Academy 6: PUBLIC LECfURE - "IVF: Implica· printmakers. Open lOa.m. to 6p.m. week· company: What can you salvage?". Law Annual Concert and Award Presentation, tions for Ihe fUlure", Prof. Clifford days in Exhibition Gallery. Menzies Institute of Vleloria. 4.30-9.JOp.m. including works by Chopin, Rimsky-Kor­ Grobstein. 5 p.m. Royal Society. Buildina. until November 12. Inquiries: Registration $90. Inquides: Continuing sak.ov. and J. S. Bach (featuring the Inquirles: ext. 3266. ext. 2117. Legal Education, ext. 3307. Ahrend organ). 2p.m. RBH. Admission: SEMINAR - "Court appearance 11: SEMINAR - "Practical off-shore adults $5; concession $2.50. Informatior), Court reports"; a seminar for clergy. taxation: Double tax and Australiah tickets: 560 1513. . medical practitioners, psychologists, domestic ta:lt problems", Law Institute of MUSICAL COMEDY - Melbourne 11: CONCERT - St Gregorius Dutch Male social workers, teachers. 4-9.30p.m. Vktorla, 4.JO-9.JOp.rn. Registration $95. Musical Theatre presents concert perfor­ Choir Christmas concert, featuring Registration S26.50. Inquiries: Cenlre for Inquiries: e:ltt. 3307. mances of "Trial by Jury" and selections Lowanna Singers, Victorian Boys' Choir. Continuing Education. ext. 3717, 3718. MEDICINE FACULTY LECTURE ­ from musicals. 2.15 & S.15p.m. Alex. Victorian State Youth Band, Tony SEMINAR - Recent developments in "The Syndromes of Aphasia", by Dr Theatre. Admission: adults $8.50; Fenelon (organ), Peter Thomas Taxation - Series B: "Taxation Harold Goodglass, Boston University. students and pensioners $6.50. Bookings: (compere). 7.45p.m. RBH. Admission: implications of corporate takeovers". 5p.rn. Medical School Lecture Thtlltre. 5432828. adults $6; concession $3. Tickets - RBH Arr. by Taxation Institute of Australia Alfred HospUal. Admission free. or 762 1326. and faculty of Law. Law Institute of Inquiries: 520 2601. 29: PUBLIC LECTURE-"IVF: The present Victoria, 470 Bourke St., 6--7p.m. Other climate", by Prof. Clifford Grobstein, 16: ARTS" CRAFrS - Intensive poltery 18: CONCERT - National Boys' Choir seminars in series: "The taxation and Visiting Fellow in Centre for Human Family Chrislmas Concert, presenting course begins. Inquiries: ext. 3096,3180. company law implications of Bioethics. 5 p.m. Royal Sodety of Iraditional and unusual carols, and a arrangements and amalgamations". 26: ANTIQUE ASSESSMENT DA V ­ Victoria. Inquiries: ext. 3266. Christmas pageant. 8.15p.m. RBH Infor­ (November 10). "Stamp duty Authorities on jewellery and antiques 30: SEMINAR - "Ethical issues in health mation and tickets: 861 5838. implications and takeovers and schemes will give on-the·spot assessments of family promotion", with Prof. Clifford Grob­ SCHOOL HOLIDAY SPECIAL: Pantomime of arrangements" (November 17). treasures at Chadstone Community stein. 2. 15 p.m. Lincoln InsUlult. "Wizard of Oz" begins in January. Phone Inquiries: 63 7036. Centre, Chadstone Mall. between Ila.m. Inquiries: ext. 3266. 543 2828 for details. SCHOLARSHIPS THE ASSOCIATION OF THE MONASH CENTRE FOR HUMAN BIOETHICS APPLICATION FORM The RealSlrar's department has been tenable for one year in the first instance. advised of the follo..inc seholarships. The ~pplications close on January IS, 1983. Reporter presents a pl"fC'is of the details. All interested peOple and institutions are invited to become Associates. The More informaUon tan be obtained from Ihe Royal Commission for lhe Exhibition of minimum annual donation is S25. (A special rate of a minimum of S5 per annum ap­ Graduate Scholarships Office, around noor, 18SI: Science Research Scholarships. Ruther­ plies to full-time students and pensioners). Institutional Associateship is a minimum University Offl~, exieasion lOSS. ford Scholarships. of SI00 per annum. Donations for Associateship are lax deductible and faU due on 1 Open to graduates in the physical and bio­ July each year. For further details contact the Centre. AIMLS Sdlo.....lp- logical sciences, pure and applied, and in Open to graduates for research (full-time engineering. Tenable abroad. Valued at 3560 or part-time) in the field of medical pounds p.a.• plus allowances. Applications Surname. . • ...... • . . . • ...... Given Names ...... •...... •...•.. laboratory science, including administration close at the Graduate Scholarships Office, Title...... •. ..• • ..••..•... and data processing. Valued at S3.000 and February 18. 1983 . Address...... •....•...•....•...... •...•... • ...... •. . •• .. Japan t~avel opportunity Postcode .. . .. • ... • . Graduate Studenl Exthange Sehrme Monash may nominate one graduate Telephone: Business...... Home ...... Inquiries are invited from graduate student annually for consideration for a students who would be interested in Rikkyo University International Scholarship. continuing their studies. for a time, at Rikkyo The scholarshipjs tenable for one year and is Occupation ...... University, Tokyo. in the amount of 130.000 yen per month. and • I wish to register as an Associate of the Monash Centre for Human Bioethies in Under the terms of an exchange agreement a payment of 300.000 yen at the time of the the following category. (Please lick appropriate box). Monash and Rikkyo may nominate a limited awardee's arrival in Japan. At present $A 1 = Individual Associateship: number of graduate students 10 the other. 253 yen . (i) Minimum donation ofS25 ptr annum 0 Tuition fees will be waived for Monash Information received from Rikkyo students accepted by Rikkyo bUI the students University indicates that a graduate division (ii) Minimum donation ofSS per annum 0 will be responsible for all other expenses. registration fec of 70.000 yen is charged. also (pensioner and full·time siudent rate) Rikkyo University has six faculties: Arts. a facililies fee of 40.000 yen (in Science Institutional Associateship: Economics, Science. Law and Politics. Social 60,000 yen). The University has no residential Minimum donation of SIOO per annum o Relations, and General Education. facilities for male students but will help them find a room elsewhere. • I would like to participate in a research proje<:t andl or seminar on Further enquiries may be made to the • Registrar, with whom applications for 1983 Important dates close on November 12 . I would like to know mort about the runding of research into The Registrar ad"lses Ihe following impor­ (Please specify subject area of most interest 10 you) MONASH REPORTER lanl dalrs for students In No"ember. I would lik.e to be advised of suitable wording (or the inclusion of the 6: Third term ends for Master of Librarian· Centre as a beneficiary in my will 0 ship and Master of Engineering Science This is the last issue of Monash by coursework. Reporler for 1982. .... I e.nclose a cheque/money order for the sum of S ...... 13: Third term ends for Medicine IV. ' 16: Final Examinations commence for Th~ I'!ext will be published in the Cheques should be made payable to: "Centre for Human Bioethics Appeal Fund". Medicine IV . first week of March. 1983. This (orm plus remittance should be forwarded to: 11: Publicalion of results. Medicine VI. The Secretary. .9: Applications close for Dip.Ed. Contributions (leiters. articies, Centre for Human Bioethics. 11:: Summer term commences - faculty of photos) and suggestions should be Law. addressed 10 the edilor (exl. 2(03) cJ ­ Monash University. Clayton, Victoria, 3168. 26: Applications close for B.Ed. summer the information ofnee. ground floor, Phone: (03) 541 0811, extension 3266. term. University Offices. 19: Publication of resulls. Science IV . MONASH REPORTER 11 NOVEMBER 1982 His aim is to keep languages alive Emeritus Professor FJnar Haugen, a America and the International Congress world autborlty on blllngualism, talks of of Linguists among other bodies, was the "ecology" of I.nguage. invited to Monash by Associate Just as there are endangered species of Professor Michael Clyne, of the German animals and plants so too are there department. , languages at risk of disappearing from a He gave several public lectures here, community or. more drastically. from including one on linguistic pluralism as a the world altogether (as is happening goal of national policy and another on with several Australian Aboriginal personal reflections of growing up languages), says Professor Haugen, of bilingually (he was born in the US, of Harvard University. who visited Norwegian parents). He also Monash last month. participated in a workshop on language From an analytical approach to what policy in Australia. keeps languages alive and what causes This is Professor Haugen's first visit them to die. Professor Haugen has to Australia and completes a globe­ developed an interest in language trotting year. From his home in planning and, in particular. the steps Belmont, Massachusetts, he travelled to that need to be taken to defend the Norway in the northern Spring. He "small" languages against the attended the 13th Congress of Linguists "steamroller effect" of modern in Tokyo before coming on to Australia. communications. Professor Haugen's teaching and Professor Einar Haugen, a linguist, of Harvard University, who visited Monash last Extending his ecological metaphor, research have been in Scandinavia~ month. Professor Haugen says that the worth of languages (particularly in Norwegian doing this lies in the rich diversity it and Icelandic), general linguistics and America has provided the framework decided is what right these groups have gives to the social landscape. social aspects of language. A within which other studies on to government support for their Professor Haugen, who has been comprehensive study he completed on bilingualism have been undertaken. programs. president of the Linguistic Society of the Norwegian language in North While in Canberra recently Professor Professor Haugen personally Haugen was invited to put his views on supports the role of government in bilingualism to the Senate Standing achieving bilingualism nationally. Committee on Education and the Arts He believes that the opportunity Credit Union launches which is inquiring into the need for a should be provided within every national language policy. community for people to develop skills There are two issues that have to be in a second language. The choice of that considered in relation to this, he says. language he sees as being determined by membership drive . •• Needs and rights. the community. What the community has a Professor Haugen rules out any threat responsibility to meet is the need of to a country such as Australia from the immigrants in a country such as encouragement of bilingualism. Australia or the US to learn the No one group is large enough to dominant language, English. Bilingual produce any sort of political danger, he programs in the US historically have says. been designed to meet this need. They It's all a long way in outlook from have been part, then, of the policy of periods of hysteria in relatively recent assimilation. history. But what also has to be considered are Take the years of World War I for the riahts of members of an immigrant example. In the US. Professor Haugen community to have the opportunity to says, speaking in a foreign language in a maintain the language of their country public place was illegal. It be<:ame of origin and. further, have it taught to equated with spying. their children. Professor Haugen says that no one As in Australia, foreign terms or place would deny immigrant communities the names (especially German) were right to establish their own schools to do Anglicised: Sauerkraut overnight this. But a crucial issue that has to be became liberty cabbage!

Monash Credit Union secretary-manager John Beech and assistant Marylin Yardln assist customer Gary Harris (left). ... a 'new' bank is born Monash's Credit Union has launched counter transactions processed by the a membership drive in an effort to con­ newly-installed computer. solidate the gains it has made in the past • Interest rates on both savings and few months. and expand the services it loans set at levels that make the Union a offers its members. viable alternative to other financial Now in its 12th year of operation, and institutions. with a membership of 2700, the Union • Free cheques. (or more correctly. the Monash Campus • A capacity to virtually double the Credit Co-Oper;uive Ltd.) is seeking to volume of business with no material in­ enrol as many of the additional 15,000 terest in cost, thus ensuring enhanced potential members as possible by the end profitability in the future. . of March, 1983. The Union is currently negotiating By that time, secretary-manager John with API (the Australian Post-Tel in­ • Beach says, the Union wiH h.ave wiped stitute) to enable members to join the out the substantial deficit it incurred in API Trading Club, which offers the last year of trading and will be substantial discounts on a wide range of operating profitably. goods. Mr Beach, who has re-organised It also plans to introduce a retirement much of the Union's procedures since investment scheme that would yield · his appointment earlier this year, says members a regular monthly income. that total savings funds now total At the recent annual general meeting, $2,500,000, and liquidity is more than Geoff Lacey (Biochemistry) was elected double that required under the Co­ chairman . Vice-chairman is Jim Operation Act. Members' savings are Leicester (Deputy Registrar), and other guaranteed under the Act to a total of $2 directors are John Dowling (Law stu­ million. dent), Terry Martin (Anatomy), Trevor On Sept. 30 CBA ceased to exist. The following morning a funeral oration was held to Among the advantages now enjoyed May (Mainlenance). Bill Murphy mark the bank's passing and the birth of Westpac. Monash Comptroller Len candy' by members, Mr Beach says, are: (Biochemistry) and Joan Sayers (Robert (pictured above) was invited to cut the ribbon to mark the birth of the 'new' bank. (Left) • Speed and accuracy in over-the­ Blackwood Hall). Westpac manager Barry Fox. NOVEMBER 1982 12. ~lO:-'ASH REPORTER Pruned by Waverley Offset Pubhshing Group. 5605111 . Typeset by BP Typesetting Pty. LId .. 5612111