THE BATTLE for HAPPY VALLEY News Media, Public Relations, and Environmental Discourse
THE BATTLE FOR HAPPY VALLEY News Media, Public Relations, and Environmental Discourse Saing Te A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Communication Studies, Auckland University of Technology, 2010. ...the specific character of despair is precisely this: it is unaware of being despair. SØREN KIERKEGAARD, The Sickness Unto Death ii Table of Contents Abbreviations v List of Tables vi List of Figures vi Attestation of authorship vii Acknowledgements viii Abstract ix 1. Introduction 1 Overview of chapters and their purpose 1 News Media Organisations and Public Relations 5 Framing and Environmental Discourse 7 The Corporate Response to Environmental Criticisms 9 Theoretical and methodological considerations 10 Method 18 2. News Media, Public Relations and Environmental Discourse 22 The News Media Domain 22 The Public Relations Industry 26 Public Relations and the News Media 32 The News Media and Public Relations in New Zealand 33 News Frames and Environmental Discourse 39 Reframing Environmentalism: The Corporate Response 43 Conclusion 49 3. Mining, Environmental Concerns, and the Corporate Response 52 Mining and the Environment 52 Coal Mining 54 Anti-Coal Activism and the Corporate Response 56 Development of the Environmental Movement in New Zealand 63 Conclusion 70 iii 4. From State Coal Mines to Solid Energy 72 Overview of New Zealand‟s Coal Industry 72 Shifting Structures of Official Environmental Discourse 83 Political Machinations and „Dirty Tricks‟ 94 Conclusion 109 5. The Cypress Mine Project 111 The West Coast Economy 111 Stockton Mine 113 The Cypress Extension of Stockton Opencast Mine 115 Local Responses 118 Environmental Groups 122 Issues surrounding the Cypress Mine Project 126 Conclusion 130 6.
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