SEMINARIO MENOR DIOCESANO SAN JOSÉ DE CÚCUTA Especialidad: Humanidades Jornada: Mañana Modalidad: Mixto Carácter: Privado Dane: 354001001520 Nit

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SEMINARIO MENOR DIOCESANO SAN JOSÉ DE CÚCUTA Especialidad: Humanidades Jornada: Mañana Modalidad: Mixto Carácter: Privado Dane: 354001001520 Nit SEMINARIO MENOR DIOCESANO SAN JOSÉ DE CÚCUTA Especialidad: Humanidades Jornada: Mañana Modalidad: Mixto Carácter: Privado Dane: 354001001520 Nit. 890.501.795-6 “LA JUVENTUD A JESUCRISTO QUEREMOS DEVOLVER” ESTUDIANTE: GRADO: UNDECIMO GUIA : 02 IIP EDUCADOR(A):ASTRID MILENA BARRERA GARCIA AREA: INFORMATICA/TECNOLOGÍA FECHA: 04/05/2012 INDICADOR DE LOGRO: Realiza consultas sobre navegadores y resuelve actividades propuestas. El primer navegador, desarrollado en el CERN a finales de 1990 y principios de 1991 por Tim Berners-Lee, era bastante sofisticado y gráfico, pero sólo funcionaba en estaciones NeXT. El navegador Mosaic, que funcionaba inicialmente en entornos UNIX sobre X11, fue el primero que se extendió debido a que pronto el NCSA preparó versiones para Windows y Macintosh. Sin embargo, poco más tarde entró en el mercado Netscape Navigator que rápidamente superó en capacidades y velocidad a Mosaic. Este navegador tiene la ventaja de funcionar en casi todos los UNIX, así como en entornos Windows. Internet Explorer (anteriormente Spyglass Mosaic) fue la apuesta tardía de Microsoft para entrar en el mercado y hoy en día ha conseguido desbancar al Netscape Navigator entre los usuarios de Windows. En los últimos años se ha vivido una auténtica explosión del número de navegadores, que ofrecen cada vez mayor integración con el entorno de ventanas en el que se ejecutan, igualmente este fue favorecido porque venía con el paquete de software de Windows y a su vez es el sistema operativo mas usado del mundo con alrededor del 95%. Netscape Communications Corporation liberó el código fuente de su navegador, naciendo así el proyecto Mozilla. Finalmente Mozilla Firefox fue reescrito desde cero tras decidirse a desarrollar y usar como base un nuevo conjunto de widgets multiplataforma basado en XML llamado XUL y esto hizo que tardara bastante más en aparecer de lo previsto inicialmente, apareciendo una versión 1.0 de gran calidad y para muchísimas plataformas a la vez el 5 de junio del 2002. A finales de 2004 aparece en el mercado Firefox, una rama de desarrollo de Mozilla que pretende hacerse con parte del mercado de Internet Explorer. Se trata de un navegador más ligero que su hermano mayor. El 2 de septiembre del 2008 Google Chrome vio la luz. El navegador web desarrollado por Google y compilado con base en componentes de código abierto como el motor de renderizado de WebKit y su estructura de desarrollo de aplicaciones (Framework). Google Chrome es el tercer navegador más utilizado en Internet y actualmente posee una cuota de mercado del 7,05%.1 Está disponible gratuitamente bajo condiciones de servicio específicas. El nombre del navegador deriva del término usado para el marco de la interfaz gráfica de usuario ("chrome"). Un navegador o explorador web - conocido en inglés como web browser - es un programa o software, por lo general gratuito, que nos permite visualizar páginas web a través de Internet además de acceder a otros recursos de información alojados también en servidores web, como pueden ser videos, imágenes, audio y archivos XML. Pero un navegador también nos permite almacenar información o acceder a diferentes tipos de documentos en el disco duro, etc, acceder a redes privadas, y crear marcadores (bookmarks). El acceso a otras páginas web a través de los hiperenlaces (hipervínculos o enlaces) se llama navegación, término del que deriva el nombre de navegador, aunque una minoría prefieren llamarlo hojeador que sería la traducción literal de la palabra browser. Algunos navegadores vienen incorporados a su sistema operativo como es el caso de Internet Explorer en Windows Microsoft, Safari en Mac OS X, o Firefox, Opera o Flock en Linux. Av. 9E 4-85 Barrio Quinta Oriental – Tel: 5752902 web: seminariomenor.googlepages.com Los navegadores se comunican con los servidores web por medio del protocolo de transferencia de hipertexto (HTTP) para acceder a las direcciones de Internet (URLs) a través de los motores de búsqueda. La mayoría de los exploradores web admiten otros protocolos de red como HTTPS (la versión segura de HTTP), Gopher, y FTP, así como los lenguajes de marcado o estándares HTML y XHTML de los documentos web. Los navegadores además interactúan con complementos o aplicaciones (Plug-ins) para admitir archivos Flash y programas en Java (Java applets). Todos los navegadores incluyen la mayoría de las siguientes características: navegación por pestañas, bloqueador de ventanas emergentes, soporte para motores de búsqueda, gestor de descargas, marcadores, corrector ortográfico, y atajos del teclado. Para mantener la privacidad casi todos los navegadores ofrecen maneras sencillas de borrar cookies, cachés web y el historial. Algunos de los navegadores o exploradores web más populares son: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera, Google Chrome y Flock. Otros navegadores no tan conocidos son: Maxthon, Avant, DeepNet, PhaseOut, SpaceTime, Amaya. Internet Explorer: (IE) viene integrado en el sistema operativo Windows de Microsoft junto con el gestor de correo Outlook Express. Ha sido el navegador más utilizado del mundo desde 1999, aunque desde 2002 ha ido perdiendo cuota de mercado a un ritmo lento pero constante debido a su importante competidor, Mozilla Firefox, que ha superado incluso a Internet Explorer en algunas ocasiones. Hay varias versiones de Internet Explorer para los sistemas operativos UNIX y para Mac. La versión más reciente para Windows es Internet Explorer 8.0. que Microsoft describe como más rápido, más fácil y más seguro además de permitir al usuario acceder a la información en menos clicks que otros navegadores. Mozilla Firefox: navegador de software libre y código abierto, creado por la Corporación Mozilla, la Fundación Mozilla y numerosos voluntarios externos. Se sitúa en la segunda posición de navegadores más usados con una cuota de mercado del 22, 48% en abril de 2009, con una gran aceptación por parte de los usuarios que lo definen como más seguro, rápido y de mejor rendimiento que Internet Explorer, destacando también por su sencillez y fácil manejo. Como característica ofrece herramientas muy útiles para los programadores web como la consola de errores, el inspector DOM o extensiones como Firebug, por estas razones y el hecho de ser de código abierto es el preferido por los programadores. Safari: creado por Apple Inc. el cual está integrado en el sistema operativo Mac OS X, en 2007 se creó una versión de Safari para el sistema operativo Microsoft Windows dando soporte tanto a Windows XP como a Windows Vista, y el teléfono inteligente iPhone también incorpora Safari a su sistema operativo. De Safari destacan la velocidad, un diseño muy cuidado, la seguridad y las prestaciones que ofrece, incluyendo los recursos para diseñadores y programadores, consiguiendo en mayo de 2009 un 8.43% de uso en el mercado de los navegadores. La nueva versión recién estrenada es Safari 4 que ejecuta JavaScript casi ocho veces más rápido que IE 8 y más de cuatro veces más rápido que Firefox 3. El nuevo navegador Safari 4 soporta además los innovadores estándares HTML 5 y CSS con unas avanzadas aplicaciones web multimedia, fuentes tipográficas y gráficos, y es el primer navegador que superó la prueba Acid3 que examina si los navegadores cumplen los estándares web CSS, JavaScript, XML,DOM, ECMAScript y SVG. Opera: desarrollado por Opera Software company, Opera es además de un navegador una suite de Internet gratuita desde su versión 8.50., que en abril de 2009 tenía un porcentaje de uso del 0,68% en el mercado global de navegadores web. Reconocido por su gran velocidad, seguridad y constante innovación. Opera fue el primer navegador que implementó el sistema de pestañas, y además de las características comunes de todos los navegadores. El navegador web Opera es multiplataforma para las versiones para Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, QnX, OS/2, Symbian OS, FreeBSD y BeOS, entre otros, además de Opera Mini para móviles sencillos y Opera Mobile para teléfonos inteligentes y ordenadores de bolsillo. Opera es el único navegador disponible para la nueva generación de videoconsolas Nintendo DS y Wii. Av. 9E 4-85 Barrio Quinta Oriental – Tel: 5752902 web: seminariomenor.googlepages.com Google Chrome: Google Chrome es el navegador creado por Google en 2008 y se basa en el proyecto de software libre y código abierto Chromium, el motor de navegación de WebKit y su estructura de aplicaciones. Chrome pasó a ser el cuarto navegador más usado en mayo de 2009 con un 1.80% de internautas. Para conseguir su objetivo principal de facilitar un navegador con mayor velocidad, seguridad y estabilidad, Google Chrome combina tecnología sofisticada y un diseño minimalista, además de ofrecer una interfaz gráfica de usuario más sencilla y eficaz. Google Chrome está disponible para Microsoft Windows, para los usuarios de Windows Vista y Windows XP SP2, mientras que en junio de 2009 salió la versión de Google Chrome para Mac OS X(Leopard) y Linux destinada principalmente para los desarrolladores web Desde que saliera Google Chrome 3.0 en mayo de 2009 muchos aclaman su velocidad; implementación de distintas partes de HTML 5; poder reproducir vídeos a través de la etiqueta "vídeo" sin necesidad de utilizar Flash; o la aplicación Google Wave que va a revolucionar la forma de compartir información pues además de permitir a los usuarios charlar y compartir documentos, mapas y enlaces en tiempo real, también permite múltiples formas de interacción basados en la nube (Cloud computing)... entre otras. Flock: Flock es un navegador social de software libre y código abierto basado en el código Firefox de Mozilla, que se especializa en suministrar redes sociales como MySpace, Facebook, Bebo, Twitter, Digg, Flickr, AOL Webmail, Yahoo! Mail, Gmail y YouTube, además de funciones de Web 2.0 incorporadas en su interfaz de usuario. Disponible como descarga gratuita, el navegador Flock soporta las plataformas Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, y Linux, a través del motor de navegación Gecko que soporta los mismos estándares web que Mozilla.
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