DOCSLIB.ORG

44968285010.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
44968285010.Pdf Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 2215-2075 Universidad de Costa Rica Cotoras, Darko D.; Zumbado, Manuel A. Aerial plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 68, no. 1, Supl., 2020, pp. 155-162 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V68IS1.41177 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44968285010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Aerial plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Darko D. Cotoras1* & Manuel A. Zumbado2 1. Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA; [email protected] 2. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), A.P. 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 24-I-2019. Corrected 30-V-2019. Accepted 04-VII-2019. ABSTRACT. Introduction: Small terrestrial invertebrates disperse in a passive manner through wind currents, forming what is known as aerial plankton, which has not been surveyed yet for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Documenting the aerial plankton of Isla del Coco will allow to better understand the colonization process of this highly diverse island. Objective: Characterize the aerial plankton present on the transect Puntarenas – Isla del Coco. Methods: Specimens were collected using entomological nets on 2 roundtrip voyages during the months of July and August of 2017 and 2018, respectively. Results: A total of 10 morpho-species were col- lected corresponding to the orders: Diptera (Ceratopogonidae, Milichiidae, and Nematocera of a non-identified family), Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), Hemiptera (Scutelleridae and Coreidae) and Lepidoptera (Sphingidae). Diptera and Hymenoptera were collected on the nets; while, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were found on the deck of the boat. No spiders were collected. The Diptera and Hymenoptera families, as well as the family Coreidae (Hemiptera), have been previously recorded on this type of surveys across the tropical Pacific. Conclusions: Two of the taxa collected by nets, Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), have representatives on Isla del Coco, which could provide direct support for wind dispersal as a colonization mechanism for these groups. We also detected other insects (i.e. Lepidoptera and Scutelleridae-Hemiptera) which most likely reached the boat by their own means providing evidence of their dispersal abilities. This research provides data to further expand on questions about the mechanisms of island colonization. Key words: Long-distance dispersal; Aerial plankton; Arthropods; Eastern Tropical Pacific; Isla del Coco. Cotoras, D. D., & Zumbado, M. A. (2020).Aerial plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(Suppl.1), S155-S162. Remote locations are colonized by long- body or inside the guts of migratory birds distance dispersal (Jordano, 2017), the actual (Gillespie et al., 2012). For marine organisms, mechanism of colonization is organism-depen- sea currents play an important role in defining dent (Gillespie et al., 2012). Large terrestrial the direction of the dispersal, while the larval animals use rafts of vegetation and their pat- duration will determine how far the organisms terns of dispersal depend on surface marine can be transported (Shanks, 2009). current, as it has been the case for Anolis Small terrestrial invertebrates disperse in a lizards in the Bahamas (Calsbeek & Smith, passive manner through wind currents, forming 2003). A similar situation happens with plants what is known as aerial plankton. Winged ani- with large seeds (Nathan et al., 2008). Some mals get caught on air currents while flying. In terrestrial organisms disperse attached to the the case of spiders, they actively start dispersal Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 68(Suppl. 1): S155-S162, March 2020 155 with ballooning (Larrivée & Buddle, 2011). While, collections across the north tropical The take-off required for ballooning could be Pacific have reported Hymenoptera, Diptera, initiated by different strategies as the tip-toe Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Arach- launch or from a suspended position at a high nids (Yoshimoto & Gressitt, 1960; Holzapfel structure (Bell, Bohan, Shaw, & Weyman, & Perkins, 1965) and even a marine bivalve 2005). Given some environmental cues spiders (Yoshimoto & Gressitt, 1961). Surveys on the start to spin silk to the air until it gets caught East China Sea focused on arachnids, reported by wind currents. Simulations suggest that this that the dominant (101 out of 105 specimens) behavior appears to be optimal in non-ideal genus was Tetragnatha (Tetragnathidae). The convection conditions, which means warm other families found corresponded to Theridii- temperatures with a light breeze (Reynolds, dae, Erigonidae, and Lyniphiidae (Okuma & Bohan, & Bell, 2007). Recent studies have Kisimoto, 1981). shown that the time to perform this behavior is In the case of the Eastern Tropical Pacific, also favored by the detection of electric fields there are no previous reports of aerial plankton. (Morley & Robert, 2018). Ballooning has been Within the region, Isla del Coco is an oceanic showed to occur in open fields (Okuma & island located 550 km from Costa Rica and Kisimoto, 1981) and closed forest (Larrivée & 680 km from the Galápagos. Among the cli- Buddle, 2011). It is not exclusive for spiders, matic features that characterize the island is it also has also been reported on spider mites the heavy rainfall (7 m), as a result of being in (Acari) and larvae of moths (Lepidoptera) (Bell the path of the Intertropical Convergence Zone et al., 2005). (ITCZ), and the presence of south-westerlies Indirect evidence about the groups of trade winds (Amador et al., 2005). The month organisms that disperse by wind currents was of September is historically the one with the provided on the seminal experimental studies highest frequency of named tropical storms, to test the hypothesis of island biogeography. hurricanes and major hurricanes (Amador et Indeed, transport through rafts was described al., 2005). The island was originated on the not as important as air-based colonization on Galápagos hotspot. The current emerged land the early stages of colonization after the expe- has between 1.9 and 2.4 million years (Bellon, rimental defaunation (Simberloff & Wilson, Saenz, & Tournon, 1983; Castillo et al., 1988), 1969). Similarly, spiders were also among which suggests it corresponds to later volcanic the early colonizers on land cleared by the activity. Therefore, all the terrestrial biodiversi- volcanic explosion on the island of Krakatau ty colonized during the last couple of millions (Bristowe, 1931). of years. As is expected for a remote island, it Direct collections with entomological nets lacks many groups of organisms of large size placed in airplanes and ships also demons- present in the continent. trate that there is an important amount of The direct evidence from aerial trapping terrestrial invertebrates floating on the air and indirect evidence from the species present column (Gressitt, Leech, & O’Brien, 1960; on remote islands provide a clear idea of which Hardy & Cheng, 1986). Surveys from ships groups are the most abundant and effective going around Antarctica have demonstrated components of the aerial plankton. However, the presence of Araneida, Collembola, Psocop- the amount of available data is geographically tera, Thysanoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, sparse and reduced. Increasing the number of Diptera, and Hymenoptera (Gressitt et al., locations will give a better picture of which 1960). Sub-Antarctic surveys combining land are the most common groups at a global level trapping and nets on ships have resulted in the or how do they compare between geographic collection of Acari, Collembola, Homoptera, regions. Also, better sampling in places like Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera (Gres- Isla del Coco will provide data to regiona- sitt, Leech, Leech, Sedlacek, & Wise, 1961). lly understand the process of long-distance 156 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 68(Suppl. 1): S155-S162, March 2020 colonization. Here, we characterize the aerial ethanol 100%. Opportunistic collections on the plankton present on the transect Puntarenas – deck were also done and GPS point recorded. Isla del Coco on 2 roundtrip voyages during July 2017 and August 2018. This study corres- RESULTS ponds to the first report for this part of the tropical Pacific. On the first three trips, a total of 18 individuals were collected corresponding to MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 morpho-species from the orders: Diptera (Ceratopogonidae, Milichiidae, and a non-uni- Collections were performed during 4 tra- dentified family of Nematocera), Hymenop- vels on the transect Puntarenas – Isla del Coco: tera (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), Hemiptera (1) 08th -10th July 2017, (2) 23rd-25th July (Scutelleridae and Coreidae) and Lepidoptera 2017, (3) 12th-14th August 2018 and 22nd-24th (Sphingidae). The first two orders (Diptera August 2018. On trip number 1, an array with and Hymenoptera) were collected on the nets, 10 entomological nets (approx. 50 cm diameter while the other two (Hemiptera and Lepidopte- each) was placed around the boat (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera) Diversity in a Patch of Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Why Inventory Is a Vital Science
    Zootaxa 4402 (1): 053–090 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2FAF702-664B-4E21-B4AE-404F85210A12 Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science ART BORKENT1, BRIAN V. BROWN2, PETER H. ADLER3, DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM4, KEVIN BARBER5, DANIEL BICKEL6, STEPHANIE BOUCHER7, SCOTT E. BROOKS8, JOHN BURGER9, Z.L. BURINGTON10, RENATO S. CAPELLARI11, DANIEL N.R. COSTA12, JEFFREY M. CUMMING8, GREG CURLER13, CARL W. DICK14, J.H. EPLER15, ERIC FISHER16, STEPHEN D. GAIMARI17, JON GELHAUS18, DAVID A. GRIMALDI19, JOHN HASH20, MARTIN HAUSER17, HEIKKI HIPPA21, SERGIO IBÁÑEZ- BERNAL22, MATHIAS JASCHHOF23, ELENA P. KAMENEVA24, PETER H. KERR17, VALERY KORNEYEV24, CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI†, GIAR-ANN KUNG2, GUNNAR MIKALSEN KVIFTE25, OWEN LONSDALE26, STEPHEN A. MARSHALL27, WAYNE N. MATHIS28, VERNER MICHELSEN29, STEFAN NAGLIS30, ALLEN L. NORRBOM31, STEVEN PAIERO27, THOMAS PAPE32, ALESSANDRE PEREIRA- COLAVITE33, MARC POLLET34, SABRINA ROCHEFORT7, ALESSANDRA RUNG17, JUSTIN B. RUNYON35, JADE SAVAGE36, VERA C. SILVA37, BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR38, JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON8, JOHN O. STIREMAN III10, JOHN SWANN39, PEKKA VILKAMAA40, TERRY WHEELER††, TERRY WHITWORTH41, MARIA WONG2, D. MONTY WOOD8, NORMAN WOODLEY42, TIFFANY YAU27, THOMAS J. ZAVORTINK43 & MANUEL A. ZUMBADO44 †—deceased. Formerly with the Universidad de Panama ††—deceased. Formerly at McGill University, Canada 1. Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 2C2, Canada. Email: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera) Interacting with an Ant of the Genus Polyrhachis Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4168 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4168 Taxonomic paper The first record of a fly of the family Milichiidae (Diptera) interacting with an ant of the genus Polyrhachis Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Kalsum M Yusah†,‡, Tom Maurice Fayle§,‡ † Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia ‡ Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, London, United Kingdom § Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Kalsum M Yusah ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jukka Salmela Received: 15 Oct 2014 | Accepted: 10 Nov 2014 | Published: 14 Nov 2014 Citation: Yusah K, Fayle T (2014) The first record of a fly of the family Milichiidae (Diptera) interacting with an ant of the genus Polyrhachis Smith, 1857 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4168. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4168 Abstract Flies in the family Milichiidae are often myrmecophilic. We document the first record of a fly from this family interacting with an ant of the genus Polyrhachis. In lowland riparian rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia, we observed a female of the genus Milichia following an ant of the species of P. illaudata, and repeatedly attempting to make close contact. Our observation suggests that the dipteran may have been attempting to feed kleptoparasitically from the Polyrhachis worker, since members of this ant genus often feed on liquid carbohydrate-rich food resources. This is the first time an interaction has been observed between a fly of this family and an ant of this widespread old world tropical genus.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
    Volume 62 Number 2 25 Aug 2008 ISSN 0024-0966 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society Published quarterly by The Lepidopterists' Society ) ) THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY Executive Council John H. Acorn, President John Lill, Vice President William E. Conner, Immediate Past President David D. Lavvrie, Secretary Andre V.L. Freitas, Vice President Kelly M. Richers, Treasurer Akito Kayvahara, Vice President Members at large: Kim Garwood Richard A. Anderson Michelle DaCosta Kenn Kaufman John V. Calhoun John H. Masters Plarry Zirlin Amanda Roe Michael G. Pogue Editorial Board John W. Rrovvn {Chair) Michael E. Toliver Member at large ( , Brian Scholtens (Journal Lawrence F. Gall ( Memoirs ) 13 ale Clark {News) John A. Snyder {Website) Honorary Life Members of the Society Charles L. Remington (1966), E. G. Munroe (1973), Ian F. B. Common (1987), Lincoln P Brower (1990), Frederick H. Rindge (1997), Ronald W. Hodges (2004) The object of The Lepidopterists’ Society, which was formed in May 1947 and formally constituted in December 1950, is “to pro- mote the science of lepidopterology in all its branches, ... to issue a periodical and other publications on Lepidoptera, to facilitate the exchange of specimens and ideas by both the professional worker and the amateur in the field; to secure cooperation in all mea- sures” directed towards these aims. Membership in the Society is open to all persons interested in the study of Lepidoptera. All members receive the Journal and the News of The Lepidopterists’ Society. Prospective members should send to the Assistant Treasurer full dues for the current year, to- gether with their lull name, address, and special lepidopterological interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudotsuga Menziesii
    SPECIAL PUBLICATION 4 SEPTEMBER 1982 INVERTEBRATES OF THE H.J. ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, WESTERN CASCADE MOUNTAINS, OREGON: A SURVEY OF ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CANOPY OF OLD-GROWTH Pseudotsuga Menziesii D.J. Voegtlin FORUT REJEARCH LABORATORY SCHOOL OF FORESTRY OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Since 1941, the Forest Research Laboratory--part of the School of Forestry at Oregon State University in Corvallis-- has been studying forests and why they are like they are. A staff or more than 50 scientists conducts research to provide information for wise public and private decisions on managing and using Oregons forest resources and operating its wood-using industries. Because of this research, Oregons forests now yield more in the way of wood products, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Wood products are harvested, processed, and used more efficiently. Employment, productivity, and profitability in industries dependent on forests also have been strengthened. And this research has helped Oregon to maintain a quality environment for its people. Much research is done in the Laboratorys facilities on the campus. But field experiments in forest genetics, young- growth management, forest hydrology, harvesting methods, and reforestation are conducted on 12,000 acres of School forests adjacent to the campus and on lands of public and private cooperating agencies throughout the Pacific Northwest. With these publications, the Forest Research Laboratory supplies the results of its research to forest land owners and managers, to manufacturers and users of forest products, to leaders of government and industry, and to the general public. The Author David J. Voegtlin is Assistant Taxonomist at the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • (Insecta: Lepidoptera) De La Reserva Forestal Fortuna Y El Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panamá Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista mexicana de biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 ISSN: 2007-8706 Instituto de Biología Ríos-González, Tomás A.; Saldaña, Yanesis T.; Vargas, Géminis A.; Bernal-Vega, Juan A. Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) de la Reserva Forestal Fortuna y el Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panamá Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, vol. 90, 2019 Instituto de Biología DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2837 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42562784018 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902837 Ecología Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) de la Reserva Forestal Fortuna y el Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panamá Sphingidae and Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from the Fortuna Forest Reserve and La Amistad International Park, Panama Tomás A. Ríos-González a, *, Yanesis T. Saldaña a, Géminis A. Vargas b y Juan A. Bernal-Vega a a Museo de Peces de Agua Dulce e Invertebrados, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Ciudad Universitaria, El Cabrero, David, Chiriquí, Panamá b Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Ciudad Universitaria, El Cabrero, David, Chiriquí, Panamá *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] (T.A. Ríos-González) Recibido: 8 octubre 2018; aceptado: 6 febrero 2019 Resumen Presentamos información sobre la riqueza y abundancia de especies de esfíngidos y satúrnidos recolectados en La Reserva Forestal Fortuna (RFF) y el Parque Internacional La Amistad (PILA) en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Status of Three Acalyptrate Dipterous Species (Diptera: Milichiidae, Chiropteromyzidae)
    Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2009 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 9(2): 105-110 ISSN: 1579-0681 Taxonomic status of three acalyptrate dipterous species (Diptera: Milichiidae, Chiropteromyzidae) M. CARLES-TOLRÁ Avda. Príncipe de Asturias 30, ático 1; E-08012 Barcelona; Spain; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The taxonomic status of three acalyptrate dipterous species, namely Leptometopa niveipennis fascifrons (Becker), Leptometopa broersei de Meijere and Milichia speciosa canariensis Becker, is revised. After the study of their type material, the following results have been obtained: (a) Leptometopa fascifrons (Becker) is a valid species, not a subspecies of Leptometopa niveipennis (Strobl); (b) Leptometopa broersei de Meijere belongs to the species Chiropteromyza wegelii Frey, this last species being a junior synonym of Leptometopa broersei; consequently its correct name is Chiropteromyza broersei (de Meijere) and it belongs to the family Chiropteromyzidae, not Milichiidae; and (c) Milichia canariensis Becker is a valid species and not a subspecies of Milichia speciosa Meigen. Key words: Diptera, Milichiidae, Chiropteromyzidae, taxonomic status. Resumen Posición taxonómica de tres especies de dípteros acalípteros (Diptera: Milichiidae, Chiroptero- myzidae) Se revisa la posición taxonómica de tres dípteros acalípteros, a saber Leptometopa niveipennis fascifrons (Becker), Leptometopa broersei de Meijere y Milichia speciosa canariensis Becker. Tras el estudio de su material tipo se han obte- nido los siguientes resultados: (a) Leptometopa fascifrons (Becker) es una especie válida, no una subespecie de Leptometopa niveipennis (Strobl); (b) Leptometopa broersei de Meijere pertenece a la especie Chiropteromyza wegelii Frey, siendo esta última especie una sinonimia de Leptometopa broersei; consecuentemente su nombre correcto es Chiropteromyza broersei (de Meijere) y pertenece a la familia Chiropteromyzidae, no a los Milichiidae; y (c) Milichia canariensis Becker es una especie válida y no una subespecie de Milichia speciosa Meigen.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Milichiidae) from Laos and Vietnam
    Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 62(4), pp. 347–354, 2016 DOI: 10.17109/AZH.62.4.347.2016 A NEW GENUS OF PHYLLOMYZINAE (DIPTERA: MILICHIIDAE) FROM LAOS AND VIETNAM LászlÓ Papp H-1182 Budapest, Beremend u. 43, Hungary; E-mail: [email protected] A new genus of the phyllomyzine Milichiidae, Indochinomyia gen. n. (type species: I. viet sp. n.) is described. Also an additional species from Laos (I. lao sp. n.) is described. The peculiarities of the new genus are discussed. With seven figures. Key words: Milichiidae, Phyllomyzinae, Indochinomyia, taxonomy, new species, Laos, Vietnam. INTRODUCTION The dipterous family Milichiidae is one of the best known acalyptrate flies. Even Hennig (1937) made a much higher level summary on them than on most of the families in the series on Palaearctic flies. Sabrosky (1987) kept the genus concepts clear and he produced fine papers on several genera. Fi- nally Brake (2000) in her monograph of the phylogenetic systematics of Mili- chiidae defined subfamilies and genera and she proposed a phylogenetic tree based on adult characters. Her magnum opus makes easy to recognise any ge- nus, and in addition, the list of the known species was also included. In the last decades the extensive collections of the co-workers of the De- partment of Zoology of the Hungarian Natural History Museum in the Old World tropics, particularly in the Oriental region, resulted in an accumulation of interesting material there. Most recently one female each of two species of Milichiidae (subfamily Phyllomyzinae) was found there, which do not fit to any of the genera in Brake’s (2000) monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Herbivory in a Tropical Deciduous Forest1
    Patterns of Herbivory in a Tropical Deciduous Forest1 Daniel H. Janzen Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A. ABSTRACT In the lowland deciduous and riparian evergreen forests of Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, the insect seed predators are highly host-specific and display a variery of traits suggesting that the ways they use hosts are not randomly distributed. The vertebrate seed predators may feed on many species of seeds over the course of a year or within the animal popula­ tion, but, at any one time or with any one individual, strong facultative host-specificiry occurs. Furthermore, the verte­ brates have a variery of species-specific behaviors that suggest specialization to overcome the defenses of particular seed species. Even the dispersal agents kill seeds as they pass through their guts, and the details of seed-defecation patterns should be important to the seed. Within this forest, leaf-eating caterpillars seem to be either specialized on one or a few species of plants, or spread over many. While an entire forest is never defoliated at one time, defoliations and severe herbivory occur with many plant species in various seasons or years. Herbivory by large herbivores is probably trivial when compared to that of the insects. Furthermore, the defenses that the large herbivores have to overcome may well have been selected for by both insects and extinct Pleistocene large herbivores. I suspect that many of the animal-plant interactions in this forest are not coevolved, and those that are coevolved will be difficult to distinguish from those that are not.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: a Compilation and Review
    Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: A Compilation and Review Nancy Hampton Abstract—Large tracts of important sagebrush (Artemisia L.) Major portions of the INL have been burned by wildfires habitat in southeastern Idaho, including thousands of acres at the over the past several years, and restoration and recovery of Idaho National Laboratory (INL), continue to be lost and degraded sagebrush habitat are current topics of investigation (Ander- through wildland fire and other disturbances. The roles of most son and Patrick 2000; Blew 2000). Most restoration projects, insects in sagebrush ecosystems are not well understood, and the including those at the INL, are focused on the reestablish- effects of habitat loss and alteration on their populations and ment of vegetation communities (Anderson and Shumar communities have not been well studied. Although a comprehen- 1989; Williams 1997). Insects also have important roles in sive survey of insects at the INL has not been performed, smaller restored communities (Williams 1997) and show promise as scale studies have been concentrated in sagebrush and associated indicators of restoration success in shrub-steppe (Karr and communities at the site. Here, I compile a taxonomic inventory of Kimberling 2003; Kimberling and others 2001) and other insects identified in these studies. The baseline inventory of more habitats (Jansen 1997; Williams 1997). than 1,240 species, representing 747 genera in 212 families, can be The purpose of this paper is to present a taxonomic list of used to build models of insect diversity in natural and restored insects identified by researchers studying cold desert com- sagebrush habitats. munities at the INL.
    [Show full text]
  • F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera
    F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera Bibliography Thompson, F. C, Evenhuis, N. L. & Sabrosky, C. W. The following bibliography gives full references to 2,982 works cited in the catalog as well as additional ones cited within the bibliography. A concerted effort was made to examine as many of the cited references as possible in order to ensure accurate citation of authorship, date, title, and pagination. References are listed alphabetically by author and chronologically for multiple articles with the same authorship. In cases where more than one article was published by an author(s) in a particular year, a suffix letter follows the year (letters are listed alphabetically according to publication chronology). Authors' names: Names of authors are cited in the bibliography the same as they are in the text for proper association of literature citations with entries in the catalog. Because of the differing treatments of names, especially those containing articles such as "de," "del," "van," "Le," etc., these names are cross-indexed in the bibliography under the various ways in which they may be treated elsewhere. For Russian and other names in Cyrillic and other non-Latin character sets, we follow the spelling used by the authors themselves. Dates of publication: Dating of these works was obtained through various methods in order to obtain as accurate a date of publication as possible for purposes of priority in nomenclature. Dates found in the original works or by outside evidence are placed in brackets after the literature citation.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien
    ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B HO 67-76 Wien, April 2009 The type material of Milichiidae and Carnidae (Insecta: Diptera: Schizophora) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien I. Brake* Abstract The type specimens of Milichiidae and Carnidae in the Natural History Museum Vienna are listed. Lecto- tvpes are designated for Phyllomyza epitacta H endel, 1914, Milichia integrci B ecker, 1922, and Pholeomyia longifacies H endel, 1933. Additionally, Mcidiza p c d p a lia W a h lb e rg is considered as an unavailable name for Desmometopa discipalpis Papp, 1993. Key words: Milichiidae, Carnidae, lectotype designation. Zusammenfassung Das Typenmaterial der Fliegenfamilien Milichiidae und Carnidae im Naturhistorischen Museum Wien wird aufgelistet. Lectotypen werden für die Arten Phyllomyza epitacta H endel , 1914, Milichia integra Becker , 1922 und Pholeomyia longifacies H endel , 1933 designiert. Madiza palpalia W ahlberg wird als nicht ver­ fügbarer Name für Desmometopa discipalpis Papp , 1993 behandelt. Introduction The Diptera collection in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien in Austria contains about 3 drawers of Milichiidae and 2 drawers of Carnidae. A visit to the museum in Septem­ ber 2005 revealed several unmarked types, most of which were described by Hendel. The purpose of this paper is to list all Milichiidae and Carnidae types in the NHMW and to designate three lectotypes. The label data for all types are cited. Additionally, the species Desmometopa discipalpis Papp , 1993 (synonym: Madiza palpalia W a h l b e r g ) is discussed, because the hitherto unknown female is present in NHMW. Photos of several Carnidae types can be found at http://www.diptera.myspecies.info and photos of several Milichiidae types can be found at http://www.milichiidae.info.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific
    Aerial plankton from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Darko D. Cotoras1* & Manuel A. Zumbado2 1. Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA; [email protected] 2. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), A.P. 22-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 24-I-2019. Corrected 30-V-2019. Accepted 04-VII-2019. ABSTRACT. Introduction: Small terrestrial invertebrates disperse in a passive manner through wind currents, forming what is known as aerial plankton, which has not been surveyed yet for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Documenting the aerial plankton of Isla del Coco will allow to better understand the colonization process of this highly diverse island. Objective: Characterize the aerial plankton present on the transect Puntarenas – Isla del Coco. Methods: Specimens were collected using entomological nets on 2 roundtrip voyages during the months of July and August of 2017 and 2018, respectively. Results: A total of 10 morpho-species were col- lected corresponding to the orders: Diptera (Ceratopogonidae, Milichiidae, and Nematocera of a non-identified family), Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae), Hemiptera (Scutelleridae and Coreidae) and Lepidoptera (Sphingidae). Diptera and Hymenoptera were collected on the nets; while, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were found on the deck of the boat. No spiders were collected. The Diptera and Hymenoptera families, as well as the family Coreidae (Hemiptera), have been previously recorded on this type of surveys across the tropical Pacific. Conclusions: Two of the taxa collected by nets, Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), have representatives on Isla del Coco, which could provide direct support for wind dispersal as a colonization mechanism for these groups.
    [Show full text]