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Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report

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Driver Workload Metrics Project: Task 2 Final Report DOT HS 810 635 November 2006 Driver Workload Metrics Project Task 2 Final Report CAMP Driver Workload Metrics IVI Light Vehicle Enabling Research Program This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 810 635 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date November 2006 Driver Workload Metrics Task 2 Final Report 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. L. Angell, J. Auflick, P.A. Austria, D. Kochhar, L. Tijerina, W. Biever, T. Diptiman, J. Hogsett, and S. Kiger 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) 39255 Country Club Drive, Suite B-30 11. Contract or Grant No. Farmington Hills, MI 48331 DTFH61-01-X-00014 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Research Report U.S. Department of Transportation April 2001 – June 2005 400 Seventh Street SW. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplementary Notes The Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) is a partnership established by Ford and GM to undertake joint pre-competitive work in advanced collision avoidance systems. CAMP was established to accelerate the implementation of automotive crash avoidance countermeasures and define pre-competitive enabling elements. 16. Abstract This report presents the results of a study of driver workload associated with use of in-vehicle systems while driving. The purpose of the study was to develop performance metrics and test procedures to assess the visual, manual, and cognitive aspects of driver workload. A second objective was to develop a “toolkit” of evaluation methods to enable developers to manage the driver workload implications of future products. Driver performance data was collected in three venues: in the laboratory (N = 57 drivers), on an interstate highway (N = 108 drivers), and on a test track (N = 69 drivers). Twenty-two in-vehicle tasks, plus the task of just driving, were examined under a variety of experimental conditions. Analysis of the data focused on selecting metrics that were repeatable, had predictive validity, and discriminated higher workload from lower workload tasks. The results indicated that task-induced workload on driving performance is multidimensional in nature. The effects observed depended on the characteristics of the task. Visual-manual tasks exhibited fundamentally different performance profiles than auditory-vocal tasks. The differences included both the dimensions affected and the magnitude of effects. Driving performance metrics identified for the workload evaluation toolkit included metrics from lateral and longitudinal control, object and event detection, and eyeglance behavior. Laboratory tools included an activity time model, a static task time measurement tool, a visual occlusion method, a peripheral detection task used with and without a part-task driving simulator, and a Sternberg memory task assessment tool. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement human factors, driver workload metrics, driver No restriction. This document is available to the distraction, in-vehicle tasks, visual demand, cognitive public from the sponsoring agency at the Web site load, workload assessment methods, vehicle control http://www.cflhd.gov. metrics, driver eyeglance behavior 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 1006 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized ii iii Table of Contents Abstract....................................................................................................................... xxvi Executive Summary................................................................................................. xxviii Scope .................................................................................................................................... xxviii Background........................................................................................................................... xxviii Objectives................................................................................................................................xxix Experimental Approach...........................................................................................................xxix Task Selection .................................................................................................................xxx Driving Performance Metrics.........................................................................................xxxi Surrogates..................................................................................................................... xxxii Analysis....................................................................................................................... xxxiii Results ...................................................................................................................................xxxiv Workload Evaluation Toolkit ......................................................................................................xl Conclusions .................................................................................................................................xl Recommendations for Future Research..................................................................................... xli Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... xlii 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background....................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Driver Workload Defined................................................................................................. 1-2 1.4 Project Scope .................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5 Scope Exclusions.............................................................................................................. 1-5 1.6 Report Organization.......................................................................................................... 1-5 1.7 Chapter References........................................................................................................... 1-6 2 Study Design Overview............................................................................................2-1 2.1 Introduction to Venues ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 On-Road Venue.................................................................................................. 2-4 2.1.2 Test Track Venue ............................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.3 Laboratory Venue............................................................................................... 2-6 2.2 Tasks Evaluated in Each Venue ....................................................................................... 2-9 2.3 Prior Predictions of Relative Task Workload................................................................. 2-12 2.3.1 Basis of Higher-Workload and Lower-Workload Categorization.................... 2-13 2.3.2 Visual-Manual Tasks........................................................................................ 2-15 iv 2.3.3 Auditory-Vocal Tasks ...................................................................................... 2-16 2.4 Research Hypotheses and Their Validity........................................................................ 2-17 2.5 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.6 Chapter References......................................................................................................... 2-20 3 Test Track Results....................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Background....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Test Track Participants ..................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Test Track Task Effects on Object-and-Event Detection ................................................. 3-1 3.3.1 Center High-Mount Stoplight (CHMSL) Results............................................... 3-2 3.3.2 Lead Vehicle Deceleration (LVD) Results......................................................... 3-3 3.3.3 Follow Vehicle Turn Signal (FVTS) Results ..................................................... 3-4 3.4 Test Track Task Effects on Glance Behavior ................................................................... 3-5 3.4.1 Task Effects on Eyeglance Metrics .................................................................. 3-10 3.4.2 Event Detection and Glance Patterns Relationships ........................................ 3-25 3.4.3 Analyses
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