STUDY TOPICS - 2015 (Sorted Alphabetically)
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Low Level Light Therapy for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Chalazia: a Sample Case Summary
Clinical Ophthalmology Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Low level light therapy for the treatment of recalcitrant chalazia: a sample case summary This article was published in the following Dove Press journal: Clinical Ophthalmology Karl Stonecipher1 Purpose: To evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on the resolution of Richard Potvin 2 recalcitrant chalazia. Patients and Methods: This was a single-site retrospective chart review of patients with 1Physicians Protocol, Greensboro, NC, USA; 2Science in Vision, Akron, NY, USA chalazia, all of whom were unresponsive to previous pharmaceutical therapy or surgical intervention, who received a 15 min LLLT treatment in conjunction with a standard phar- maceutical regimen. A second treatment was applied 24 hrs to as late as 2 months if there was no evidence of progression of resolution in appearance. Results: A total of 26 eyes of 22 patients with relevant history and treatment were reviewed, all with a history of prior pharmaceutical treatment for their chalazia. After a single 15 min LLLT treatment, followed by a standard pharmaceutical regimen, 46% of eyes (12/26) showed resolution of their chalazia. Resolution was noted from 3 days to one-month post- treatment. With a second treatment, the chalazia resolved in 92% of eyes (24/26). Only two For personal use only. eyes of the 26 (8%) required incision and curettage after LLLT treatment. Conclusion: The use of LLLT for the treatment of recalcitrant chalazia appears to be beneficial in patients who have failed topical and/or systemic therapy, significantly reducing the likelihood of requiring surgical intervention. -
Pediatric Anisometropia: Case Series and Review
Pediatric Anisometropia: tacles, vision therapy, and occlusion. Case two Case Series and Review is anisometropia caused by organic vision loss from optic neuritis early in life. Case three is John D. Tassinari OD, FAAO, FCOVD an infant with hyperopic anisometropia and Diplomate Binocular Vision esotropia. The esotropia did not respond to Perception and Pediatric Optometry, spectacles and home based vision therapy. American Academy of Optometry Neonatal high bilateral hyperopia that Associate Professor Western converted to anisometropia because of early University of Health Sciences onset cosmetically invisible unilateral esotropia College of Optometry is speculated. Case four describes a boy Pomona, California diagnosed with hyperopic anisometropia at age 11 months coincident with a diagnosis of pseudoesotropia. His compliance with ARTICLE prescribed spectacles was spotty until age three years. An outstanding visual outcome ABSTRACT was achieved by age five years with spectacles Background only (no occlusion therapy). Case five concerns The etiology and natural course and history a boy who acquired hyperopic anisometropia of pediatric anisometropia are incompletely because one eye experienced increasing understood. This article reviews the literature hyperopia during his toddler years. His regarding pediatric anisometropia with much response to treatment, spectacles and part of the review integrated into a case series. time occlusion with home vision therapy, was The review and case reports are intended to outstanding. Case six is an infant diagnosed elevate clinical understanding of pediatric with 2.50 diopters of hyperopic anisometropia anisometropia including and especially at age six months. Monocular home based treatment outcomes. vison developmental activities, not glasses, were prescribed. Her anisometropia vanished Case Reports three months later. -
Ocular Injury; Hazard to Society: a Case Series
Quest Journals Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research Volume 7~ Issue 8 (2020) pp: 34-44 ISSN(Online) : 2394-076X ISSN (Print):2394-0751 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Ocular Injury; Hazard to Society: A Case Series Dr Rashmi kujur1, Dr Pallavi. M.P2, Dr Harshita Dubey3, Dr Varsha4 1Dept. of ophthalmology, Madhav dispensary JAH, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 2Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 3Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior, Madhyapradesh. 4Senior girls hostel, GRMC, Gwalior,Madhyapradesh. Corresponding Author: Dr.Pallavi.M.P ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe various types of ocular trauma due to different modes of injuryoccured on the same day Design: Prospective interventional study (case series) Materials & Methods: A series of cases of ocular trauma in different age group on the same day. Results: Five patients of ocular trauma were studied & managed. All five patients were males. Out of 5 cases, 3 cases had open globe injury and 2 cases had closed globe injury. Three out of five patients required surgical intervention while 2 patients were managed with medical therapy. Conclusion: This study describes the types and characteristics of ocular trauma presenting in eye department. The frequency of ocular trauma is common in males. Eye injuries resulting from ocular trauma pose a frequent threat to vision the world over. While afocussed history and prompt ocular examination are essential to immediate management, patient educationregarding safety precautions and risk reduction help to prevent future recurrences. KEYWORDS: Ocular morbidity, Ocular Injury, globe rupture, iridodialysis, fire cracker injury, hyphema, Road Traffic accident (RTA), loss of vision. Received 05 December, 2020; Accepted 20 December, 2020 © The author(s) 2020. -
Therapeutic and Inducing Effect of Corneal Crosslinking on Infectious
Differenteffectsofcornealcrosslinkingoninfectiouskeratitis 窑Review窑 Therapeuticandinducingeffectofcornealcrosslinking oninfectiouskeratitis 1DepartmentofOphthalmology,ShandongProvincial thecornealintrinsicbiomechanicalpropertyandthestiffness HospitalAffiliatedtoShandongUniversity,Jinan250000, ofcorneatoresistectasiaofcornea [1].Besidesitsoriginal ShandongProvince,China applicationforthekeratoconusandkeratectasia [2],CXLhas 2DepartmentofOphthalmology,thePeople'sHospitalof beenutilizedontothetreatmentofinfectiouskeratitis [3], Linyi,Linyi276000,ShandongProvince,China nowadays.Althoughthesecondaryinfectiouskeratitisafter 3DepartmentofPediatrics,thePeople'sHospitalofLinyi, CXLisrare,therearesomereportsonsecondarykeratitis Linyi276000,ShandongProvince,China infectedby bacteria,fungi,herpessimplexvirusand Co-firstauthors: Liang-ZhuJiangandShi-YanQiu Acanthamoeba.ThisrarecomplicationofCXLcancause Correspondence to: Guo-YingMu.Departmentof seriousocularmorbidityandhaveasubsequentdamaging Ophthalmology,ShandongProvincialHospitalAffiliatedto effectonthepatient'svision.ThesurgicaltechniqueofCXL ShandongUniversity,Jinan250000,ShandongProvince, involvestheremovalofepitheliumintraoperativelyandthe [email protected] applicationofcontactlenspostoperatively.Thesefactors Received:2015-06-30Accepted:2016-08-09 havebeenassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofinfectious keratitisafterCXL.Inpresentstudy,wesummarizedthe Abstract therapeuticeffectofCXLoninfectiouskeratitisandthe · Thecornealcrosslinking (CXL)withriboflavinand keratitissecondarytocorneaCXLreportedbyprevious -
Optic Disc Drusen in Differential Diagnosis of Optic Neuritis Optik Nörit Ayrıcı Tanısında Optik Disk Druzeni
DO I:10.4274/tnd.56514 Images in Clinical Neurology Optic Disc Drusen in Differential Diagnosis of Optic Neuritis Optik Nörit Ayrıcı Tanısında Optik Disk Druzeni Erkingül Shugaiv1, Elif Aksoy Güzeller2, Sait Alim2 1Tokat State Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Tokat, Turkey 2Tokat State Hospital, Clinic of Diases Eye, Tokat, Turkey Optic disc drusen is a condition where a hyaline-like calcific object is accumulated on the optical nerve ending, often bilaterally (1). Its prevalence in the general population is 0.34-3.7%. It can be confused with optic papillitis since it blurs the papillary border at the bottom of the eye. Drusens can be seen as opacity in B-scan ultrasonography and computerized tomography (2). Optic disc drusens present with slowly progressing visual field defects. The 21-year-old patient who complained of blurry vision on both eyes did not have a history of disease. Her vision was blurry for the past 10 days, especially on the left side. There was no history of eyeball pain, headache, infection or trauma. Her vision was 0.2 on the right and 0.1 on the left side. The papillary borders were undefined on both sides in the examination of the base of Figure 1. Optic disc drusen on both sides: Discs are protruded due the eyes (Figure 1). Due to the slow clinical decline over 10 days, to the drusen and their borders are not clearly defined. cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in order to address any possible demyelinating disease but did not produce any remarkable findings. After this, cranial and orbital tomography was conducted with the pre-diagnosis of optic disc drusen. -
Differentiate Red Eye Disorders
Introduction DIFFERENTIATE RED EYE DISORDERS • Needs immediate treatment • Needs treatment within a few days • Does not require treatment Introduction SUBJECTIVE EYE COMPLAINTS • Decreased vision • Pain • Redness Characterize the complaint through history and exam. Introduction TYPES OF RED EYE DISORDERS • Mechanical trauma • Chemical trauma • Inflammation/infection Introduction ETIOLOGIES OF RED EYE 1. Chemical injury 2. Angle-closure glaucoma 3. Ocular foreign body 4. Corneal abrasion 5. Uveitis 6. Conjunctivitis 7. Ocular surface disease 8. Subconjunctival hemorrhage Evaluation RED EYE: POSSIBLE CAUSES • Trauma • Chemicals • Infection • Allergy • Systemic conditions Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT Symptom Cause Itching Allergy Burning Lid disorders, dry eye Foreign body sensation Foreign body, corneal abrasion Localized lid tenderness Hordeolum, chalazion Evaluation RED EYE: CAUSE AND EFFECT (Continued) Symptom Cause Deep, intense pain Corneal abrasions, scleritis, iritis, acute glaucoma, sinusitis, etc. Photophobia Corneal abrasions, iritis, acute glaucoma Halo vision Corneal edema (acute glaucoma, uveitis) Evaluation Equipment needed to evaluate red eye Evaluation Refer red eye with vision loss to ophthalmologist for evaluation Evaluation RED EYE DISORDERS: AN ANATOMIC APPROACH • Face • Adnexa – Orbital area – Lids – Ocular movements • Globe – Conjunctiva, sclera – Anterior chamber (using slit lamp if possible) – Intraocular pressure Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Disorders of the Ocular Adnexa Hordeolum Disorders of the Ocular -
Understanding Corneal Blindness
Understanding Corneal Blindness The cornea copes very well with minor injuries or abrasions. If the highly sensitive cornea is scratched, healthy cells slide over quickly and patch the injury before infection occurs and vision is affected. If the scratch penetrates the cornea more deeply, however, the healing process will take longer, at times resulting in greater pain, blurred vision, tearing, redness, and extreme sensitivity to light. These symptoms require professional treatment. Deeper scratches can also cause corneal scarring, resulting in a haze on the cornea that can greatly impair vision. In this case, a corneal transplant may be needed. Corneal Diseases and Disorders that May Require a Transplant Corneal Infections. Sometimes the cornea is damaged after a foreign object has penetrated the tissue, such as from a poke in the eye. At other times, bacteria or fungi from a contaminated contact lens can pass into the cornea. Situations like these can cause painful inflammation and corneal infections called keratitis. These infections can reduce visual clarity, produce corneal discharges, and perhaps erode the cornea. Corneal infections can also lead to corneal scarring, which can impair vision and may require a corneal transplant. Fuchs' Dystrophy. Fuchs' Dystrophy occurs when endothelial cells gradually deteriorate without any apparent reason. As more endothelial cells are lost over the years, the endothelium becomes less efficient at pumping water out of the stroma (the middle layers of the cornea). This causes the cornea to swell and distort vision. Eventually, the epithelium also takes on water, resulting in pain and severe visual impairment. Epithelial swelling damages vision by changing the cornea's normal curvature, and causing a sightimpairing haze to appear in the tissue. -
Neurotrophic Keratopathy and Diabetes Mellitus a Lockwood Et Al 838
Eye (2006) 20, 837–839 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-222X/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/eye 1 1 2 Neurotrophic A Lockwood , M Hope-Ross and P Chell CASE SERIES keratopathy and diabetes mellitus Abstract no history of previous corneal trauma or herpes simplex infection. Ocular examination revealed Diabetes mellitus is frequently associated a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/12 in both with microvascular complications such as eyes. There was an epithelial irregularity retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral extending across the inferonasal quadrant of the neuropathy. Neurotrophic keratopathy occurs right cornea. A diagnosis of exposure in response to a neuropathy of the ophthalmic keratopathy was made. She was treated with division of the trigeminal nerve. Rarely has artificial tears and a month later the epithelium diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy been had healed. A year later, an epithelial defect in described. This paper discusses the the same area was seen at follow-up. Again she ophthalmic histories of three patients who was asymptomatic and the visual acuity was presented with diabetic neurotrophic unchanged. Decreased corneal sensation was keratopathy. In one patient the corneal noted using a cotton swab to touch the ulceration was the sole presenting feature of peripheral and central cornea. A diagnosis of his diabetes. We discuss the need for increased diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy was made. vigilance in the ophthalmic community for She was treated with ocular lubricants. After suspecting diabetes in patients with 6 months, the defect had increased in size to unexplained corneal epithelial disease. 5.5 mm. There was associated corneal Eye (2006) 20, 837–839. -
Peripheral Ring Opacity of the Cornea
Brit. jt. Ophthal. (I969) 53, 270 Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.53.4.270 on 1 April 1969. Downloaded from Peripheral ring opacity of the cornea A. J. BRON Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, E.C. I A bilaterally symmetrical ring-shaped corneal opacity has been observed in two patients. The condition is described here because of its unusual appearance and because of its appar- ent uniqueness in the literature. Case reports (i) A 59-year-old Caucasian male presented at the casualty department complaining of pricking in the right eye. Symptoms were caused by a marginal infiltrate and this resolved on conventional therapy. A recurrence one month later also responded well. Each cornea presented an arcus senilis and, in the zone ofstroma affected by the arcus, an additional opacity could be seen. This was identical in each eye, and took the form of a striking, narrow, dense white ring in the stroma, passing forwards as a band from Descemet's to Bowman's membrane (Fig. l). copyright. ... ........... http://bjo.bmj.com/ k t_ ; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FI (,GIas I. Drawing of right and left corneae. Insets show slit-lamp sec- tions above and belowv, in the right eye on September 26, 2021 by guest. Protected In slit section, except above, each band appeared as a slender wedge-shaped opacity with its base lying on Descemet's membrane and its apex reaching forwards to Bowman's membrane. The opacity was dense at the base and faint at the apex (Fig. 2, opposite). Between the I I to I o'clock positions, the rings were very faint in each eye and sloped inwards and forwards at an angle in each eye, 450 to the normal on the right and at a shallower angle to the normal on the left. -
RETINAL DISORDERS Eye63 (1)
RETINAL DISORDERS Eye63 (1) Retinal Disorders Last updated: May 9, 2019 CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION (CRAO) ............................................................................... 1 Pathophysiology & Ophthalmoscopy ............................................................................................... 1 Etiology ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Clinical Features ............................................................................................................................... 2 Diagnosis .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Treatment ......................................................................................................................................... 2 BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION ................................................................................................ 3 CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION (CRVO) ..................................................................................... 3 Pathophysiology & Etiology ............................................................................................................ 3 Clinical Features ............................................................................................................................... 3 Diagnosis ......................................................................................................................................... -
Epiphora During the First Year of Life
Eye (1991) 5, 596--600 Epiphora During the First Year of Life C. J. MACEWEN and J. D. H. YOUNG Dundee Summary A cohort of 4,792 infants was observed in order to determine the incidence and natu ral history of epiphora during the first year of life. Evidence of defective lacrimal drainage was present in 964 (20%) at some time during the year. 9S�/o became symp tomatic during the first month of life. Spontaneous remission occurred throughout the year and 96% had resolved before the age of one. This study provides no evidence to support probing before the age of one year. Infants with epiphora are a common problem haps the most reliable estimate of the inci in clinical ophthalmology. It is generally dence is 6%. This comes from a follow-up accepted that the condition is the result of a study of 200 consecutive, unselected newborn congenital abnormality of the lacrimal drain infants.7 age system, in the form of a membranous Information on the rate of spontaneous obstruction at the lower end of the naso-lac remission is also limited. The studies that are rimal duct (NLD). I In addition it is recognised available were based on small clinic popula that there is a high rate of spontaneous resol tions, referred for treatment of their epiphora ution.2•3 However, despite it's frequency, rela and probing was usually undertaken in a tively little is known about the incidence or number of cases before the end of the year.2,3 natural history of epiphora in young children. -
T20 FUNCTIONAL UPPER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY Policy Author
Policy T20 Blepharoplasty THRESHOLD POLICY – T20 FUNCTIONAL UPPER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY Policy author: West Suffolk CCG and Ipswich and East Suffolk CCG, with support from Public Health Suffolk. Policy start date: January 2008 Subsequent reviews July 2012 September 2014 February 2017 Next review date: February 2020 1. Policy Summary 1.1 Blepharoplasty is considered a low priority treatment and will only be funded by Ipswich and East Suffolk CCG & West Suffolk CCG when the following criteria are met. It will not be funded for cosmetic reasons. 1.2 This policy doesn’t apply to anyone <19 years of age. 2. Eligibility Criteria 2.1 Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is considered medically necessary for the following indications: a) To repair defects predisposing to corneal or conjunctival irritation such as entropion or pseudotrichiasis. OR b) To treat periorbital sequelae of thyroid disease, nerve palsy, blepharochalasis, floppy eyelid syndrome and chronic inflammatory skin conditions. OR c) To relieve symptoms of blepharospasm or significant dermatitis on the upper eyelid caused by redundant tissue. OR d) Following skin grafting for eyelid reconstruction. OR e) At the same time as ptosis correction for the upper eyelid if the surplus skin is felt to be excess on lifting the ptotic eyelid 2.2 For all other individuals, the following criteria apply: a) Documented patient complaints of interference with vision or visual field related activities such as difficulty reading or driving due to upper eye lid skin drooping, looking through the eyelids or seeing the upper eye lid skin AND b) There is redundant skin overhanging the upper eye lid margin and resting on the eyelashes when gazing straight ahead AND S:\Clinical Quality\00 Chief Nursing Office\Clinical Oversight Group\POLICIES\T\Policies\T20 blepharoplasty\T20 Blepharoplasty E.docx 1 Policy T20 Blepharoplasty c) Supporting evidence from visual field testing that eyelids impinge on visual fields reducing field to 120° horizontally and/or 40° or less vertically.