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Native Orchid Society South Australia
Journal of the Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc PRINT POST APPROVED VOLUME 25 NO. 11 PP 54366200018 DECEMBER 2001 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA POST OFFICE BOX 565 UNLEY SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5061 The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of orchids through the preservation of natural habitat and through cultivation. Except with the documented official representation from the Management Committee no person is authorised to represent the society on any matter. All native orchids are protected plants in the wild. Their collection without written Government permit is illegal. PRESIDENT: SECRETARY: Bill Dear Cathy Houston Telephone: 82962111 Telephone: 8356 7356 VICE-PRESIDENT David Pettifor Tel. 014095457 COMMITTEE David Hirst Thelma Bridle Bob Bates Malcolm Guy EDITOR: TREASURER Gerry Carne Iris Freeman 118 Hewitt Avenue Toorak Gardens SA 5061 Telephone/Fax 8332 7730 E-mail [email protected] LIFE MEMBERS Mr R. Hargreaves Mr G. Carne Mr L. Nesbitt Mr R. Bates Mr R. Robjohns Mr R Shooter Mr D. Wells Registrar of Judges: Reg Shooter Trading Table: Judy Penney Field Trips & Conservation: Thelma Bridle Tel. 83844174 Tuber Bank Coordinator: Malcolm Guy Tel. 82767350 New Members Coordinator David Pettifor Tel. 0416 095 095 PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian The Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. while taking all due care, take no responsibility for the loss, destruction or damage to any plants whether at shows, meetings or exhibits. Views or opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the Management. We condones the reprint of any articles if acknowledgement is given. -
The Effects of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus on the Orchid Pot Plant Market
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: TRANSMISSION OF CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC VIRUS IN ONCIDIUM ORCHIDS BY PERIPLANETA AUSTRALASIAE Carol Dianne Allen, Master of Science. 2012 Thesis Directed by: Gary Coleman, Ph.D. Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Cymbidium mosaic virus is the most common disease in orchids infecting a large number of cultivated orchids found in all phases of the industry and around the world. Its transmission occurs through contact by contaminated cutting tools, human hands, or water. Although insects known to transmit plant viruses have been exposed to orchid viruses, none have been found to successfully transmit Cymbidium mosaic virus. Periplaneta australasiae, the Australian cockroach, is a common greenhouse pest that is known to feed on orchid plants. In controlled conditions Australian cockroaches were given inoculation access through feeding activity on known CymMV positive orchid plants and then allowed to feed on virus free plants. The virus free plants were isolated from subsequent insect exposure and after a period of time samples from the feeding damage sites were analyzed for the presence of virus RNA through nested and hemi-nested PCR techniques. A statistically significant number of samples were positive demonstrating that with high population numbers and long term exposure, virus transmission is possible. TRANSMISSION OF CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC VIRUS IN ONCIDIUM ORCHIDS BY PERIPLANETA AUSTRALASIAE BY CAROL DIANNE ALLEN Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science 2012 Advisory Committee: Gary Coleman, Ph.D., Chair James Culver, Ph.D. -
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viruses Article The Phylogeography of Potato Virus X Shows the Fingerprints of Its Human Vector Segundo Fuentes 1, Adrian J. Gibbs 2 , Mohammad Hajizadeh 3, Ana Perez 1 , Ian P. Adams 4, Cesar E. Fribourg 5, Jan Kreuze 1 , Adrian Fox 4 , Neil Boonham 6 and Roger A. C. Jones 7,* 1 Crop and System Sciences Division, International Potato Center, La Molina Lima 15023, Peru; [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (J.K.) 2 Emeritus Faculty, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; [email protected] 3 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran; [email protected] 4 Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] (I.P.A.); [email protected] (A.F.) 5 Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina Lima 12056, Peru; [email protected] 6 Institute for Agrifood Research Innovations, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; [email protected] 7 UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Potato virus X (PVX) occurs worldwide and causes an important potato disease. Complete PVX genomes were obtained from 326 new isolates from Peru, which is within the potato crop0s main Citation: Fuentes, S.; Gibbs, A.J.; domestication center, 10 from historical PVX isolates from the Andes (Bolivia, Peru) or Europe (UK), Hajizadeh, M.; Perez, A.; Adams, I.P.; and three from Africa (Burundi). Concatenated open reading frames (ORFs) from these genomes Fribourg, C.E.; Kreuze, J.; Fox, A.; plus 49 published genomic sequences were analyzed. -
Origin, Adaptation and Evolutionary Pathways of Fungal Viruses
Virus Genes 16:1, 119±131, 1998 # 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in The Netherlands. Origin, Adaptation and Evolutionary Pathways of Fungal Viruses SAID A. GHABRIAL Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Abstract. Fungal viruses or mycoviruses are widespread in fungi and are believed to be of ancient origin. They have evolved in concert with their hosts and are usually associated with symptomless infections. Mycoviruses are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion, and they lack an extracellular phase to their life cycles. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Typically, fungal viruses are isometric particles 25±50 nm in diameter, and possess dsRNA genomes. The best characterized of these belong to the family Totiviridae whose members have simple undivided dsRNA genomes comprised of a coat protein (CP) gene and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. A recently characterized totivirus infecting a ®lamentous fungus was found to be more closely related to protozoan totiviruses than to yeast totiviruses suggesting these viruses existed prior to the divergence of fungi and protozoa. Although the dsRNA viruses at large are polyphyletic, based on RDRP sequence comparisons, the totiviruses are monophyletic. The theory of a cellular self-replicating mRNA as the origin of totiviruses is attractive because of their apparent ancient origin, the close relationships among their RDRPs, genome simplicity and the ability to use host proteins ef®ciently. Mycoviruses with bipartite genomes ( partitiviruses), like the totiviruses, have simple genomes, but the CP and RDRP genes are on separate dsRNA segments. -
Nlcdec2018.Pdf
D E C E M B E R - J A N U A R Y I S S U E Landcare Linkup N E X T L A N D C A R E L I N K U P 2 0 1 9 M O N T H L Y E C O - C O N V E R S A T I O N S Thursday 24th January, 5-7pm Find a Frog in February with Eva Ford, MRCCC Become a Citizen Scientist and learn how to contribute to the knowledge and future of a special fauna group – amphibians. Frogs have an amazing their life cycle and adaptations to different habitats. They also tell us of things we can’t see that may affect our future. To help them we need to know where they live and what they need. Learn how to identify your local frogs, how to send in a record of frogs you encounter and what you can do to improve conditions for these wonderful animals. A fabulous event to bring your kids along to, last activity before school goes back... Don't forgot to bring your gumboots as we could get wet while searching for frogs! BOOK HERE ONLINE BOOKING ONLY RSVP by Monday 21st January Book and pay for Noosa Landcare events by clicking here. These monthly events are free for Noosa Landcare Members and Bushlandcare Program volunteers and $10 for general entry. Page 2. General Manager Muses Vines in the City B Y P H I L M O R A N In June 2017, I contacted Shaun Walsh who is CEO of South Bank and Roma Street Parklands Indeed the volunteers had come on a tour to with a view to get some Richmond Birdwing vines Pomona to have a look at Shaun’s property in established in the heart of Brisbane. -
Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses
viruses Article Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses Thanuja Thekke-Veetil 1, Doris Lagos-Kutz 2 , Nancy K. McCoppin 2, Glen L. Hartman 2 , Hye-Kyoung Ju 3, Hyoun-Sub Lim 3 and Leslie. L. Domier 2,* 1 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] 2 Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] (D.L.-K.); [email protected] (N.K.M.); [email protected] (G.L.H.) 3 Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 300-010, Korea; [email protected] (H.-K.J.); [email protected] (H.-S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-217-333-0510 Academic Editor: Eugene V. Ryabov and Robert L. Harrison Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 29 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: Soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis) are one of the most efficient vectors of soybean vein necrosis virus, which can cause severe necrotic symptoms in sensitive soybean plants. To determine which other viruses are associated with soybean thrips, the metatranscriptome of soybean thrips, collected by the Midwest Suction Trap Network during 2018, was analyzed. Contigs assembled from the data revealed a remarkable diversity of virus-like sequences. Of the 181 virus-like sequences identified, 155 were novel and associated primarily with taxa of arthropod-infecting viruses, but sequences similar to plant and fungus-infecting viruses were also identified. -
Highly Efficient Protoplast Isolation and Transient Expression System
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Highly Efficient Protoplast Isolation and Transient Expression System for Functional Characterization of Flowering Related Genes in Cymbidium Orchids Rui Ren 1 , Jie Gao 1, Chuqiao Lu 1, Yonglu Wei 1, Jianpeng Jin 1, Sek-Man Wong 2,3,4, Genfa Zhu 1,* and Fengxi Yang 1,* 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (J.J.) 2 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; [email protected] 3 National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, China 4 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.Z.); [email protected] (F.Y.) Received: 28 February 2020; Accepted: 24 March 2020; Published: 25 March 2020 Abstract: Protoplast systems have been proven powerful tools in modern plant biology. However, successful preparation of abundant viable protoplasts remains a challenge for Cymbidium orchids. Herein, we established an efficient protoplast isolation protocol from orchid petals through optimization of enzymatic conditions. It requires optimal D-mannitol concentration (0.5 M), enzyme concentration (1.2 % (w/v) cellulose and 0.6 % (w/v) macerozyme) and digestion time (6 h). With this protocol, the highest yield (3.50 107/g fresh weight of orchid tissue) and viability (94.21%) of × protoplasts were obtained from flower petals of Cymbidium. -
Chromosome Numbers and Cross-Compatibility in the Genus Cymbidium and Some Related Tropical Genera (Orchidaceae)
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND CROSS-COMPATIBILITY IN THE GENUS CYMBIDIUM AND SOME RELATED TROPICAL GENERA (ORCHIDACEAE) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE AUGUST 1977 By Kenneth W. Leonhardt Dissertation Committee: Yoneo Sagawa, Chairman Haruyuki Kamemoto Henry Y. Nakasone Philip E. Parvin William L. Theobald We certify that we have read this dissertation and that in our opinion it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE (7 'Cry^o , w A Chairman Chromosome Numbers and Cross-Compatibility in the Genus Cymbidium and Some Related Tropical Genera (Orchidaceae) Abstract Investigations on chromosome numbers and cross-compatibility were made with species and hybrids of Cymbidium and other tropical genera of the family Orchidaceae. Chromosome number determinations were made of 163 plants. One hundred nineteen counts of Cymbidium clones were made of which 92 are reported for the first time. Diploid, triploid, tetraploid, hexaploid and aneuploid individuals were determined. Triploid cultivars of two species, C. insigne 'Bierii' and C. pumilum 'Yashima' were found. Forty- four counts of intergeneric hybrids and genera other than Cymbidium were made. The hybrid status of 17 progenies of intergeneric pollinations was determined by analysis of somatic chromosome numbers. Nine plants derived from colchicine treated protocorms were identified as polyploids; 8 being euploid and 1 a mixoploid. The origin of the polyploid nature of some of the hybrids not subjected to colchicine treatments is dis cussed. It was verified cytologically that Cymbidium did hybridize with Ansellia and Catasetum. -
Transcriptional Mapping of the Messenger and Leader Rnas of Orchid fleck Virus, a Bisegmented Negative-Strand RNA Virus
Virology 452-453 (2014) 166–174 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Transcriptional mapping of the messenger and leader RNAs of orchid fleck virus, a bisegmented negative-strand RNA virus Hideki Kondo a,n, Kazuyuki Maruyama a, Sotaro Chiba a, Ida Bagus Andika b, Nobuhiro Suzuki a a Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan b Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China article info abstract Article history: The transcriptional strategy of orchid fleck virus (OFV), which has a two-segmented negative-strand RNA Received 3 December 2013 genome and resembles plant nucleorhabdoviruses, remains unexplored. In this study, the transcripts of Returned to author for revisions six genes encoded by OFV RNA1 and RNA2 in the poly(A)-enriched RNA fraction from infected plants 25 December 2013 were molecularly characterized. All of the OFV mRNAs were initiated at a start sequence 30-UU-50 with Accepted 11 January 2014 one to three non-viral adenine nucleotides which were added at the 50 end of each mRNA, whereas their Available online 4 February 2014 30 termini ended with a 50-AUUUAAA(U/G)AAAA(A)n-30 sequence. We also identified the presence of Keywords: polyadenylated short transcripts derived from the 30-terminal leader regions of both genomic and fl Orchid eck virus antigenomic strands, providing the first example of plus- and minus-strand leader RNAs in a segmented Dichorhavirus minus-strand RNA virus. The similarity in the transcriptional strategy between this bipartite OFV and Rhabdovirus monopartite rhabdoviruses, especially nucleorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) is additional support Negative-strand RNA virus Bipartite genome for their close relationship. -
Research Article HIGH INCIDENCE of CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC VIRUS
Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 11, Issue, 07 (C), pp. 39291-39294, July, 2020 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article HIGH INCIDENCE OF CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC VIRUS OBSERVED ON THE MATURITY STAGE OF VANDA ORCHID D. R. Sudha and G. Usha Rani Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2020.1107.5475 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Floriculture is one of the disciplines of horticulture which is dealing with growing of ornamental plants, flowering plants and garden maintenance etc. Orchids form a large part of the floral trade in Received 4th April, 2020 th ornamental plants and cut flowers and are the largest family of flowering plants with more than Received in revised form 25 35,000 species. Viruses are constantly infecting orchids. The most important type of virus infecting May, 2020 orchids in the world is Cymbidium Mosaic Virus (CYMV). Five Vanda hybrids viz., VH1, VH2, Accepted 23rd June, 2020 th VH3, VH4 and VH5 plants were selected at the three different stages viz., seedling stage, medium Published online 28 July, 2020 stage and maturity stage were assayed for CYMV using DAC ELISA, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).Among three stages, Matured Vanda plant highly infected with Cymbidium Key Words: Mosaic Virus(CYMV). Cymbidium mosaic virus (CYMV), Vanda Plant, Orchids, ELISA, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Copyright © D. R. Sudha and G. Usha Rani, 2020, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
1 Chapter I Overall Issues of Virus and Host Evolution
CHAPTER I OVERALL ISSUES OF VIRUS AND HOST EVOLUTION tree of life. Yet viruses do have the This book seeks to present the evolution of characteristics of life, can be killed, can become viruses from the perspective of the evolution extinct and adhere to the rules of evolutionary of their host. Since viruses essentially infect biology and Darwinian selection. In addition, all life forms, the book will broadly cover all viruses have enormous impact on the evolution life. Such an organization of the virus of their host. Viruses are ancient life forms, their literature will thus differ considerably from numbers are vast and their role in the fabric of the usual pattern of presenting viruses life is fundamental and unending. They according to either the virus type or the type represent the leading edge of evolution of all of host disease they are associated with. In living entities and they must no longer be left out so doing, it presents the broad patterns of the of the tree of life. evolution of life and evaluates the role of viruses in host evolution as well as the role Definitions. The concept of a virus has old of host in virus evolution. This book also origins, yet our modern understanding or seeks to broadly consider and present the definition of a virus is relatively recent and role of persistent viruses in evolution. directly associated with our unraveling the nature Although we have come to realize that viral of genes and nucleic acids in biological systems. persistence is indeed a common relationship As it will be important to avoid the perpetuation between virus and host, it is usually of some of the vague and sometimes inaccurate considered as a variation of a host infection views of viruses, below we present some pattern and not the basis from which to definitions that apply to modern virology. -
FIG. 1 O Γ Fiber
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date Χ ft i ft 22 September 2011 (22.09.2011) 2011/116189 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agents: KOLOM, Melissa E. et al; LEYDIG, VOIT & A61K 39/235 (2006.01) A61K 39/385 (2006.01) MAYER, LTD., Two Prudential Plaza, Suite 4900, 180 N. Stetson Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60601-673 1 (US). (21) International Application Number: PCT/US201 1/028815 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (22) International Filing Date: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, 17 March 201 1 (17.03.201 1) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (25) Filing Language: English DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (26) Publication Language: English KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (30) Priority Data: ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, 61/3 14,847 17 March 2010 (17.03.2010) NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, 61/373,704 13 August 2010 (13.08.2010) SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): COR¬ NELL UNIVERSITY [US/US]; Cornell Center for (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Technology Enterprise and Commercialization kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (("CCTEC"), 395 Pine Tree Road, Suite 310, Ithaca, New GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, York 14850 (US).