DOCSLIB.ORG

Mcroberts GP 1998

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mcroberts GP 1998 Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice Copyright 1998 by the Educational Publishing Foundation 1998, Vol. 2, No. 2,101-117 1089-2699/98/$3.00 Comparative Efficacy of Individual and Group Psychotherapy: A Meta-Analytic Perspective Chris McRoberts, Gary M. Burlingame, and Matthew J. Hoag Brigham Young University Recent reviews of the group psychotherapy literature indicate that group is a beneficial and cost-effective treatment format. However, collective findings on the differential efficacy of group when compared with individual therapy remain problematic, incom- plete, or controversial. To remedy this problem, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of 23 outcome studies that directly compared the effectiveness of the individual and group therapy formats when they were used within the same study. Results were consistent with previous reports that indicated no difference in outcome between the group and individual formats. This finding generally held true when client, therapist, methodology, treatment, and group variables were examined for possible relationship with effect sizes comparing group and individual therapy. Results bolster past findings that group therapy can be used as an efficacious cost-effective alternative to individual therapy under many different conditions. The efficacy of group treatment is well orientations are significantly more effective than established, and narrative reviews of this no treatment or minimal treatments for a variety modality indicate that it reliably exceeds gains of disorders and over a variety of different client made by minimal treatment and wait-list control groups (Bednar & Kaul, 1994; Fuhriman & groups (Bednar & Kaul, 1994; Fuhriman & Burlingame, 1994a, 1994b; Lambert & Bergin, Burlingame, 1994b; Kanas, 1986; Kaul & 1994; M. L. Smith, Glass, & Miller, 1980). Bednar, 1986; Zimpfer, 1990). Fuhriman and An important component in delineating the Burlingame (1994a) reviewed 700 group therapy comparative efficacy of group and individual studies and concluded that group therapy therapies is determining whether and under what consistently produces beneficial results with a variety of disorders and across treatment mod- circumstances one therapy format might be els. Many narrative reviewers have also con- more beneficial to clients than the other format. cluded that group psychotherapy is as effective Some researchers have suggested that group as individual psychotherapy (Bednar & Kaul, therapy involves different processes as well as 1994; Fuhriman & Burlingame, 1994a; MacKen- different therapeutic factors than individual zie, 1994, 1995; Orlinsky & Howard, 1986; therapy (Bednar & Kaul, 1994; Fuhriman & Sternbarger & Budman, 1996; Toseland & Burlingame, 1990, 1994b; Yalom, 1975, 1985, Siporin, 1986). Results of empirical studies 1995), and they recommend that these differ- comparing the effectiveness of these modalities ences and their impact on differential outcomes indicate that both group and individual treat- be examined empirically. ments delivered according to various theoretical As can be seen in Table 1, several meta- analytic studies have compared outcomes in Chris McRoberts, Gary M. Burlingame, and Matthew J. group and individual therapy. A meta-analysis Hoag, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University. combines statistical results from a number of Partial support for this research was provided by the primary outcome studies into a common metric Brigham Young University Alumni Association Replenish- (effect size, ES), which allows conclusions to be ment Grant. We wish to thank Michael J. Lambert and Addie Fuhriman for lending their expertise to this research drawn on the basis of the results of many endeavor and David Coon for his unflagging efforts in behalf researchers. Fuhriman and Burlingame (1994a) of this project. indicated that meta-analyses comparing group Correspondence concerning this article should be ad- and individual therapy (see Table 1) generally dressed to Gary M. Burlingame, 238 TLRB, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. support no differential effectiveness between Electronic mail may be sent to [email protected]. these modalities. However, they pointed out that 101 102 MCROBERTS, BURLINGAME, AND HOAG 09 INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP EFFECTIVENESS 103 results have been somewhat equivocal with the (subtracting pretest from posttest means and Dush, Hirt, and Schroeder (1983) and Nietzel, dividing by the pooled standard deviation of the Russell, Hemmings, and Gretter (1987) meta- pretest and posttest groups2) does not directly analyses suggesting that individual therapy may compare the individual and group modalities. be more effective under some circumstances. This method computes pre- to posttest change Fuhriman and Burlingame (1994a) noted that within a treatment modality and then compares these two meta-analyses included studies that whether one treatment modality was more or did not investigate group therapy as it is thought less effective than the other using this metric. In of in the traditional sense but, rather, investi- essence, Tillitski conducted a between-study gated group as a "convenient, cost effective, comparison despite having individual and group vehicle for the delivery of a treatment package treatment contrasts available within the same originally designed for use in individual therapy" study. A more robust method is to compute ESs (p. 16). In other words, some of the studies that directly compare group and individual included in these meta-analyses could "best be posttest means rather than comparing the pre- to described as individual treatment in the presence posttreatment improvement of individual and of others" (p. 16). group separately (Robinson et al., 1990; Shad- An additional problem with the methodology ish, 1992). Additional limitations of Tillitski's of each of the meta-analyses in Table 1 is the use report are that it is quite brief; combines child of between-study rather than within-study com- and adolescent clients with adults; omits critical parisons in calculating differential efficacy. In methodological information such as inclusion- other words, the typical study being compared in exclusion criteria; and does not provide a clear the aforementioned meta-analyses indepen- definition of group therapy. Furthermore, his dently investigated either an individual or a conclusions are based on only nine studies that group format. The results were then combined in were previously reviewed by Toseland and the meta-analysis to arrive at a differential Siporin(19S6). effectiveness estimate. When a between-study design, such as this, is used in a comparative The primary purpose of the present study was meta-analysis, a host of possible confounds to conduct a meta-analysis evaluating differen- result that cannot be controlled for in the tial outcome between individual and group meta-analytic process (Robinson, Berman, & therapy from primary research articles that use Neimeyer, 1990; Shadish, 1992). For example, group and individual therapy in the same study clients involved in the group studies may have and correcting for the deficiencies noted above. been recruited from inpatient populations, In addition, this meta-analysis examines differ- whereas clients in the individual studies may ential outcomes across a number of moderator have been selected from a mildly disturbed variables to determine whether and under what university population. This confound problem circumstances group or individual therapy may may hold true for any number of client, setting, be preferable to the other treatment format. methodology, and therapist variables. Because of the possible confounds inherent in between- study comparisons, interpretation of the group versus individual therapy results of the existing 1 Only Robinson et al. (1990) made any effort to compare meta-analyses in Table 1 must be made with the two formats meta-analytically when they were compared 1 within the same study. They identified five studies in their caution. meta-analysis, which made a direct comparison between In an attempt to remedy this situation, individual and group therapy, and the overall ES estimate Tillitski (1990) conducted a pioneering meta- provided no evidence for differential effectiveness between these two modalities. However, their sample size of five was analysis that included only those studies that quite small; consequently, their results must be considered directly compared group and individual therapy tentative (Neimeyer, Robinson, Berman, & Haykal, 1989). with either an active or inactive control group 2 This pre-post method generally produces larger effects within the same experiment. As Table 1 than the method of subtracting the comparison group's posttest mean from the posttest mean of the treatment group indicates, Tillitski's overall analysis indicated and dividing by the pooled standard deviation between these no difference in effectiveness between the groups because treatment and control groups generally individual and group formats. Unfortunately, experience positive change over time (Lambert & Hill, Tillitski's method of calculating ES estimates 1994). 104 McROBEKTS, BURLINGAME, AND HOAG Method were generally receiving several other concur- rent forms of treatment. After evaluating over 70 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria studies on these criteria, 23 remained for analysis. All were conducted after 1973. Articles were obtained by a computer search of the PsycLJT and Medline computer databases to locate all
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review of Psychodrama and Group Process
    International Journal of Social Work and Human Services Practice Horizon Research Publishing Vol.1. No.2 December, 2013, pp. 105-114 A Review of Psychodrama and Group Process Yehoshua1, Siu Fung Chung1,2,* 1School of Health, The University of New England, Australia, Armidale, NSW, Australia 2Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, MacauSAR, PRChina *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract In recent years, group work therapy has been (Nuttman-Shwartz and Kleinberg). expanded rapidly throughout the world in helping However, while most psychodrama practices are professionals. Psychodrama, as a form of group conducted in a group work context, psychodrama psychotherapy, has already shown the potential for bringing practitioners and researchers mainly concentrate on the about positive change in participants for almost 80 years. psycho-therapeutic effects of the enactments of the However, while psychodrama is primarily a form of group individuals only. They seldom recognized it as a group psychotherapy, psychodrama practitioners and researchers work. Hence, the connection between psychodrama and have seldom recognized it as a group work. Hence, the group process have rarely been addressed. connection between psychodrama and group process has This review examines the development of research in the rarely been addressed. This review examines the connection between psychodrama and group process. An development of research in the connection between extensive literature search including books, reports, psychodrama and group process. An extensive literature monographs and journal articles has been conducted. search including books, reports, monographs and journal articles has been conducted. It is found that before the new Process of Classic Psychodrama suggested by Dayton century, psychodrama practitioners and researchers have largely ignored the group process.
    [Show full text]
  • Group Psychotherapy Research That the Practitioner Might Actually Read
    Group Psychotherapy Research that the Practitioner Might Actually read Les R Greene, Ph.D. Department of Veterans Affairs and Yale University Dept. of Psychiatry Greene, L.R. (in press) Group Psychotherapy Research Studies that Therapists Might Actually Read: My Top-10 List. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. The Pick-your-news Inventory For each item below, imagine that you are sitting at the breakfast table with a psychotherapy newsletter that reports on two recent group psychotherapy papers. You have time to read only one. Check (√) the one you prefer to read 1)____ Mentalization-based group therapy for inpatients with borderline personality disorder: Preliminary outcome findings OR ____Structure and leadership in mentalization-based group therapy for borderline personality disorders: A clinical analysis. 2)____A randomized clinical trial of group cognitive processing therapy compared with group present-centered therapy for PTSD among active duty military personnel. OR ____Applying group process theory in the development of a model of group therapy for partners of combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. 2 3.____A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. OR ____Acceptance -based group therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression: Exploring mechanisms of change 4. ____The capacity to use the group as a corrective symbiotic object in group analytic psychotherapy: Its empirical relationship to outcome. OR ____On making a home amongst strangers: Reflections on the paradox of group psychotherapy. 5.____A research study on the mechanisms of change in an emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Child-Centered Group Play Therapy with Children
    CHILD-CENTERED GROUP PLAY THERAPY WITH CHILDREN EXPERIENCING ADJUSTMENT DIFFICULTIES Donald E. McGuire, B.S., M.Ed. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2000 APPROVED: Garry L. Landreth, Major Professor and Chair Donna Fleming, Minor Professor Carolyn W. Kern, Committee Member Jan Holden, Program Coordinator Michael Altekruse, Chair of the Department of Counseling, Development, and Higher Education M. Jean Keller, Dean of the College of Education C. Neal Tate, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies McGuire, Donald E., Child-Centered Group Play Therapy with Children Experiencing Adjustment Difficulties, Doctor of Philosophy (Counseling and Student Services), August 2000, 97 pp., 24 tables, references, 89 titles. This research study investigated the effectiveness of child-centered group play therapy with children experiencing adjustment difficulties. Specifically, this study determined the effectiveness of child-centered group play therapy in: (a) improving self- concept, (b) reducing externalizing, internalizing, and overall behavior problems, (c) enhancing emotional and behavioral adjustment to the school environment, and (d) increasing self-control of kindergarten children experiencing adjustment difficulties. Also investigated were child-centered group play therapy effects on reducing parenting stress of the parents of kindergarten children experiencing adjustment difficulties. The experimental group consisted of 15 kindergarten children who received one 40-minute child-centered group play therapy session per week, for twelve weeks. Group facilitators were play therapists who were doctoral students at the University of North Texas. The control group consisted of the 14 kindergarten students that had been assigned to the control group in Baggerly’s (1999) study.
    [Show full text]
  • Group Cognitive Analytic Therapy for Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse
    This is a repository copy of Group cognitive analytic therapy for female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/102719/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Calvert, R., Kellett, S. and Hagan, T. (2015) Group cognitive analytic therapy for female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54 (4). pp. 391-413. ISSN 0144-6657 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12085 This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Calvert, R., Kellett, S. and Hagan, T. (2015), Group cognitive analytic therapy for female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Br J Clin Psychol, 54: 391–413, which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/bjc.12085. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Counseling Model
    Tier II Mental Health Services: A CBT Therapy Group Model Jessica Cockroft M.Ed. Sarah Peterson M.Ed. Agenda ● Overview of Methuen Public Schools ● Mental Health in Schools/MPS Mental Health Initiative ● Tiered Services at MHS ● Group Counseling ● Group Counseling Research and CBT Model ● Screening at MHS ● Referral Process for Group ● Group Session Overview ● Program Implementation ● Questions Overview of Methuen, MA City of Methuen, Massachusetts ● 27 miles North of Boston ● Approximately 48,000 residents School District ● 4 Grammar Schools PK-8 (approximately 1500 students per school) ● 1 High School (approximately 2000 students) ● Approximately 7000 students ○ 24.6% First Language not English ○ 8% ELL ○ 15.6% Students with disabilities ○ 44.8% High Needs ○ 30.2% Economically Disadvantaged ○ 1.3% Dropout What About Methuen?: Geographic Risk Factors ● Low SES population ○ One of the most replicated findings regarding mental health shows that low SES populations are at an increased risk for developing mental health problems ○ Decreased access to community mental health ● Higher than average rate of DCF-involved youth ○ Exposure to trauma ○ Insufficient support networks ○ High rate of transition between placements ● Below average educational attainment per capita ○ Parental educational attainment impacts children’s emotional and cognitive development Mental Health Overview ● Mental Health Initiative in MPS ○ University of Maryland - Center for School Mental Health (CSMH) ■ Definition: “Comprehensive School Mental Health System (CSMHS) is defined as school-district-community-family partnerships that provide a continuum of evidence-based mental health services to support students, families and the school community.” ● MPS has developed a Comprehensive School Mental Health System (CSMHS) ○ Established a variety of collaborative partnerships ■ Created a formal mental health initiative committee with sub-committees/teams ○ Uses evidence-based services and supports ■ Intervention planning and progress monitoring district-wide (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Research Designs for Investigating Concepts of Analytical Psychology and the Efficacy/Effectiveness of Jungian Psychotherapy
    Development of research designs for investigating concepts of Analytical Psychology and the efficacy/effectiveness of Jungian psychotherapy Prof. Dr. Christian Roesler Professor of Clinical Psychology With assistance from Julia Engelhardt Telefon +49 761 200-1513 Fax +49 761 200-1496 E-Mail: [email protected] ____________________________________________________________________ Karlstraße 63 79104 Freiburg www.kh-freiburg.de 2 1. Introduction Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) is one of the founding fathers of modern psychotherapy. After some years of collaboration with Freud at the beginning of the 20th century, Jung broke ties with Freud in 1912 and developed his own psychoanalytic approach, later called Analytical Psychology (AP). Jung had a major influence on the development of psychotherapy. His use of creative techniques made him the founder of art therapy methods; he was the first to use techniques of imagination to influence the inner world of patients, a method that has recently been adopted in a number of psychotherapy approaches (e.g., the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder); and he was the first to postulate that in the training of psychoanalysts there should be an extensive training analysis. In spite of this influence and the fact that Jungian psychotherapy is well established all over the world in mental health care as well as in training structures, there are few publications on the empirical foundations of Jungian psychology and the effectiveness of Jungian psychotherapy. Although Jungian psychotherapy has a long history and has been practiced for more than 100 years, the Jungian approach has long been criticized for a lack of proof of its effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Benefits, Limitations, and Potential Harm in Psychodrama
    Benefits, Limitations, and Potential Harm in Psychodrama (Training) © Copyright 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2016 Rob Pramann, PhD, ABPP (Group Psychology) CCCU Training in Psychodrama, Sociometry, and Group Psychotherapy This article began in 2005 in response to a new question posed by the Utah chapter of NASW on their application for CEU endorsement. “If any speaker or session is presenting a fairly new, non-traditional or alternative approach, please describe the limitations, risks and/or benefits of the methods taught.” After documenting how Psychodrama is not a fairly new, non-traditional or alternative approach I wrote the following. I have made minor updates to it several times since. As a result of the encouragement, endorsement, and submission of it by a colleague it is listed in the online bibliography of psychodrama http://pdbib.org/. It is relevant to my approach to the education/training/supervision of Group Psychologists and the delivery of Group Psychology services. It is not a surprise that questions would be raised about the benefits, limitations, and potential harm of Psychodrama. J.L. Moreno (1989 – 1974) first conducted a psychodramatic session on April 1, 1921. It was but the next step in the evolution of his philosophical and theological interests. His approach continued to evolve during his lifetime. To him, creativity and (responsible) spontaneity were central. He never wrote a systematic overview of his approach and often mixed autobiographical and poetic material in with his discussion of his approach. He was a colorful figure and not afraid of controversy (Blatner, 2000). He was a prolific writer and seminal thinker.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Group Psychotherapy: Challenges and Possibilities During COVID-19—A Practice Review
    Special Issue: Groups in a Dangerous Time: Virtual Work and Therapy in the COVID-19 Era PRACTICE REVIEW Online Group Psychotherapy: Challenges and Possibilities During COVID-19—A Practice Review Haim Weinberg Weinberg, H. (2020). Online group psychotherapy: Challenges and possibilities during COVID-19—A practice review. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 24(3), 201-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000140 Abstract Background: Online group therapy is a relatively new modality for leading groups. There is not enough research yet to evaluate its effectiveness and no clear guidelines about how to do it well. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic it became even more crucial to provide clinicians with appropriate research review and practical guidelines. The purpose of this article was to provide practice recommendations based on or despite the limited research. Method: The article reviewed research on online therapy in general, including any on groups, followed by a summary of the obstacles in leading groups online and recommendations for creative solutions. Findings: Research on online groups is still scarce, and its quality still has many limitations. Discussion: More research is needed, especially on specific elements in online group therapy, such as the establishing of cohesion and therapeutic presence online, as well as how different the working alliance and cohesion are created online when compared to face-to-face groups. Despite limited research, the author recommends being more active and increasing self-disclosure in online groups to compensate for the challenge of being present and the lack of body-to-body interaction. Training for online group therapy is necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • Group Psychotherapy and Group Work in Authoritarian Settings Hans A
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 48 | Issue 4 Article 4 1958 Group Psychotherapy and Group Work in Authoritarian Settings Hans A. Illing Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Hans A. Illing, Group Psychotherapy and Group Work in Authoritarian Settings, 48 J. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Sci. 387 (1957-1958) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY AND GROUP WORK IN AUTHORITARIAN SETTINGS HANS A. ILLING HANs A. ILLING was born in Berlin, and received his Ph.D. in comparative literature from Berlin University in 1936. Since becoming an American citizen, he has specialized his research and clinicil activities in the fields of psychiatric social work and group psychotherapy. He received his M.S.W. from Tulane University School of Social Work in 1948. At present he is a psychiatric social worker in a Community Chest agency in Los Angeles and uses group dynamic methods in the treatment of the agency's patients. He is a member of the American Group Psychotherapy Association and Librarian of the Group Psychotherapy Association of Southern California, of which he is a charter member. The following paper was originally given at the 83rd. Annual Forum of the National Conference of Social Work in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Group Dynamics
    GROUP DYNAMICS 4. Group Psychotherapy 4.1. Introduction Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group. The term can legitimately refer to any form of psychotherapy when delivered in a group format, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Interpersonal Therapy, but it is usually applied to psychodynamic group therapy where the group context and group process is explicitly utilized as a mechanism of change by developing, exploring and examining interpersonal relationships within the group. The broader concept of group therapy can be taken to include any helping process that takes place in a group, including support groups, skills training groups (such as anger management, mindfulness, relaxation training or social skills training), and psycho-education groups. Other, more specialized forms of group therapy would include non-verbal expressive therapies such as art therapy, dance therapy, or music therapy. 4.2. History The founders of group psychotherapy in the USA were Joseph H. Pratt, Trigant Burrow and Paul Schilder. After World War II, group psychotherapy was further developed by Jacob L. Moreno, Samuel Slavson, Hyman Spotnitz, Irvin Yalom, and Lou Ormont. Yalom's approach to group therapy has been very influential not only in the USA, but also across the world. An early development in group therapy, the T-group or training group (sometimes also referred to as sensitivity- training group, human relations training group or encounter group) is a form of group psychotherapy where participants themselves typically, between eight and 15 people learn about themselves through their interaction with each other.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Group Counselling
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 10, No. 9, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Group Counselling Yusni Mohamad Yusop, Norsyamimie A. Rahman, Zaida Nor Zainudin, Asmah Ismail, Wan Norhayati Wan Othman, Melati Sumari To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7648 DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i9/7648 Received: 13 June 2020, Revised: 14 July 2020, Accepted: 19 August 2020 Published Online: 23 September 2020 In-Text Citation: (Yusop et al, 2020). To Cite this Article: Yusop, Y. M., Rahman, N. A., Zainudin, Z. N., Ismail, A., Othman, W. N. W., & Sumari, M. (2020). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10(9), 359-379. Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com) This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Vol. 10, No. 9, 2020, Pg. 359 - 379 http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS JOURNAL HOMEPAGE Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/publication-ethics 359 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 10, No. 9, 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Group Counselling Yusni Mohamad Yusop (Ph.D), Norsyamimie A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neuropsychology Center of Louisiana Is a Depression Private Pay Office & Does Not Accept Insurance
    Services Provided Appointments are typically available NCLA offers a wide variety of clinical psychology, neuropsychology, medical psychology, & school psychology Monday through Friday services, including assessments; individual, family, and group 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. psychotherapy; neurocognitive intervention and rehabilitation; psychopharmacological management; and To schedule an appointment, please call our biofeedback therapy. office at (225) 926-7500 Assessments between 10:00 a.m. & 5:00 p.m. Affective & Personality Monday through Friday The Neuropsychology Intellectual and Educational Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) Messages may be left with our answering service Learning Disabilities (LD)/Academic Problems after office hours. The full charge for office time Center of Louisiana Brain-behavior Dysfunction reserved will be issued unless cancelled 24 hours in Evaluation, Intervention, Rehabilitation advance. Individual and Group Psychotherapy For issues related to: The Neuropsychology Center of Louisiana is a Depression private pay office & does not accept insurance. Anxiety Appetite &/or Sleep Disturbance Payment is due, in full, Low Energy at the time services are rendered. Phobias Obsessions & Compulsions Should you wish to file a claim with your insurance Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) carrier for reimbursement, we may provide you Grief with a completed claim form, which you can mail. Women’s Issues Any reimbursement will be paid to you directly. Individualized Intervention & Rehabilitation Programs (We do not accept Medicare or Medicaid cases, Adult Services for: litigation cases [except for environmental trauma], Dementia or Workman’s Compensation cases. Where People Matter Stroke Head Injuries & Brain Trauma A Private Mental Health Center Child & Adolescent Services For: The Neuropsychology A comprehensive mental health facility that provides Developmental Disabilities Learning Disabilities (LD) Center of Louisiana, LLC evaluation, intervention, and rehabilitation services.
    [Show full text]