Zimbabwe Livestock
Development Program
Quarterly Report #3 FY2020 April – June 2020
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Fintrac Inc. www.fintrac.com [email protected]
US Virgin Islands 3077 Kronprindsens Gade 72 St. Thomas, USVI 00802 Tel: (340) 776-7600 Fax: (340) 776-7601
Washington, DC 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Tel: (202) 462-8475 Fax: (202) 462-8478
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program (FTFZ-LD) Suite 1, West Block Westgate Shopping Complex Westgate, Harare Zimbabwe Tel: +263 242 309050/53 [email protected] www.fintrac.com
Cover Photo: Judith Bhebhe, beef-dairy farmer and village milk aggregator from Gokwe South district, Midlands, receiving money from a neighbor for local milk sales during the COVID-19 lockdown period when access to formal markets was negatively affected by the pandemic.
All Photos by Fintrac Inc.
June 2020 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by Fintrac Inc. under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 with USAID/Zimbabwe.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST ...... 4 FOREWORD ...... 5 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ...... 9 3. ACTIVITIES ...... 12 3.1 BENEFICIARIES ...... 13 3.2 INCREMENTAL SALES...... 14 3.3 INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ...... 19 3.4 IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HYGIENE STATUS...... 31 3.5 IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS ...... 36 4. ENVIRONMENT ...... 39 4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ...... 40 4.2 EMMP ...... 40 5. GENDER ...... 44 5.1WOMEN LEADERS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ...... 44 5.2 WOMEN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TRAINING ...... 45 5.4 INVESTMENT AND OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE ASSETS ...... 46 5.5 ACCESS TO FINANCE ...... 47 5.6 ACCESS TO MARKETS ...... 47 6. LESSONS LEARNED ...... 49 7. CHALLENGES ...... 50 8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER ...... 51 9. FINANCIAL SUMMARY...... 52 ANNEX 1: SNAPSHOTS ...... 53 ANNEX 2. FTFZ-LD ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS ...... 56 ANNEX 3. LIST OF BUYERS ...... 62 ANNEX 4. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS ...... 64 ANNEX 5: GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS ...... 66
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
ACRONYM LIST AGRITEX Department of Agricultural, Technical, and Extension Services AHS Annual Household Survey AI Artificial Insemination BDS Business Development Services CA Contagious Abortion CDCS Country Development Cooperation Strategy CIRIS Client Impact and Results Information System COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease of 2019 DLPD Division of Livestock Production and Development DVS Department of Veterinary Services EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan FTF Feed the Future FY Fiscal Year GAPs Good Agricultural Practice(s) GAHPs Good Animal Husbandry Practice(s) GBV Gender-based Violence GUC Grants Under Contract IRs Intermediate Results ISAL Internal Savings and Lending LOP Life of Program MCC Milk Collection Center M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFI Microfinance Institution MSMEs Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises MOU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Nongovernmental Organization NRM Natural Resource Management NRs Natural / Agro-ecological Regions PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPLS Production Productivity Lending and Savings groups SSC Small-Scale Commercial SVP Suburban Veterinary Practice USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization ZADF Zimbabwe Association of Dairy Farmers
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
FOREWORD The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program began on June 23, 2015 and runs through October 31, 2020. The overall goal of the activity is to provide inclusive economic opportunities to smallholder farmers and other actors along the beef and dairy value chains by sustainably increasing their production, productivity, and incomes to enhance food security, nutrition, and poverty reduction. The program focuses on commercializing low-income and food-insecure households in agro-ecological regions (NRs) III, IV, and V with the potential to move from subsistence to small-scale commercial beef and dairy farmers through the promotion and adoption of good agricultural and animal husbandry practices, marketing, hygiene and nutritional practices, and building market linkages that not only generate income but also increase farmers’ overall resilience, food security, and improved nutritional and hygienic status. In addition, the program aims to increase the institutional and organizational capacity of local organizations working with the program. The program is building demand for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products by focusing on quality, continuity of supply, and cost competitiveness. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program also collaborates with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development program and other donor-funded programs to provide specialized technical support to produce nutritious crops that sustainably increase the availability of these foods among beneficiary households. Fintrac implements the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program in collaboration with local private companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Division of Livestock Production and Development (DLPD), the Department of Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX), the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS), and other government departments involved in the beef and dairy value chains. Local NGOs and commercial companies work with the program as development partners to co-fund purchases of essential inputs and new technologies for demonstration purposes on a cost-recovery basis. In summary, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is a market-driven program that works closely with small-, medium-, and large-scale buyers to stimulate demand and increase competition for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products. The program directly contributes to food availability and access by concurrently increasing production and raising incomes of rural households in selected areas.
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is the 20th quarterly report for the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program funded by USAID/Zimbabwe under contract AID-613-C-15-00001 and implemented by Fintrac Inc. The report presents activity achievements, results on some performance indicators,1 and anecdotal information from beneficiaries over the period of April - June 2020 (Q3 Fiscal Year [FY] 2020). The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is providing technical assistance to reduce poverty; increase food security, incomes, agricultural production and productivity; and improve household nutritional and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) status. In addition, the program is building the capacity of local organizations to implement agricultural development programs. Since inception, the program has worked with 13,4302 unique smallholder cattle farmers or 11,192 rural households from six operational districts of Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, Kwekwe and Umzingwane (see Annex 5). In FY2020 the program is targeting to work with at least 4,200 beneficiaries.3 Program activities during the quarter focused on: • Promoting a whole farm approach to increase production and productivity, and agricultural investments and returns. Training and technical assistance on production and productivity-enhancing good animal husbandry practices (GAHPs), business skills, drought mitigation strategies, fodder flow planning, harvesting, preservation, and conservation; and creating awareness of and providing training and technical assistance on cross-cutting issues such as gender, environment, nutrition, and WASH. Expanding the formal and informal marketing of milk and dairy products produced by program beneficiaries. Expanding and strengthening linkages of beneficiaries and other value chain players to credit and finance providers. Conducting a telephone and internet-based market survey to assess the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic on input, output, and food markets among the program beneficiaries. Building the capacity of the program’s local implementing partners and farmers’ groups. The water and pasture situation across program sites ranged from fair in Gokwe South district to poor in Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gweru, Kwekwe, and Umzingwane. However, program beneficiaries who have adopted program promoted low-cost feeding options and investments in water have enough stocks of feed to last through the lean season (April-October/December). The business operating environment remained challenging due to rising inflation, depreciating local currency, foreign currency shortages, declining disposable incomes, and policy uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant directives issued by the Government of Zimbabwe negatively impacted program operations and the business operating environment. All field travel by program staff was suspended and all program offices were shut down and staff virtually operated from their homes. Despite the negative effects, the lockdown enabled the program to objectively assess and evaluate the sustainability of activities and interventions post-closeout in October 2020. Notable achievements were made in building farmers’ net worth and resilience and improving linkages to finance and formal markets for both beef and dairy farmers. Specific achievements include: • Embracing the use of information and communication technologies across the program team and stakeholders. Digital platforms including video conferencing, text messaging, WhatsApp,
1 Full results on indicators collected through the Annual Household Survey (AHS) will be available in the fourth quarter. The AHS collects data on 25 of 35 indicators monitored by the program. 2 The program frontloaded and targeted to identify program beneficiaries within the first two years of program implementation and dedicated the remaining three years to refined beneficiary selection, intensifying and diversification of program activities to achieve significant impact and ensure sustainability of program interventions. 3 800 dairy and 3,400 beef farmers Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 6
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and telephone were used to continue operations among the program team, provide remote extension services to beneficiaries, and maintain engagement with stakeholders. • Conducting a market survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on input, output, and food markets among program beneficiaries. Remote data collection methodologies such as interactive mobile phone voice responses/voice calls and online surveys were used. A separate report on this survey is being finalized and will be published in the next quarter. • Reaching out to 614 unique farmers (56 percent women) of which 406 (58 percent women) were beef farmers and 208 (51 percent women) were dairy farmers with program technical messages and assistance. This support was provided despite COVID-19 restrictions to movement, thanks to the use of digital platforms for communicating with farmers on the ground. Youth farmers constituted 17 percent of the beneficiaries compared to 18 percent in the previous quarter. The program has cumulatively worked with 4,251 beneficiaries (48 percent women) in FY2020 against a target of 4,200. • Beef-dairy farmers working with the program in Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane districts delivered 70,319 liters of raw milk worth $52,362 to formal markets collaborating with the program, as compared to 83,271 liters worth $31,628 during the same period in FY2019. • Due to the ongoing economic instability, beef prices during the quarter were at their lowest since program inception, with $18,974 sales to abattoirs and local butcheries from 51 cattle belonging to 21 beneficiaries recorded. • Beef-dairy farmers and village milk aggregators continued to leverage on USG commitments done in previous quarters and made on-farm capital investments worth $9,797 in milk room construction, chillers, milking parlors, digital scales, and boundary security fences to improve the production and productivity of their farms and businesses, a 40 percent increase as compared to $7,007 in the previous quarter. This shows long-term confidence among farmers despite the COVID-19 pandemic and depressed economic conditions. • The program facilitated 22 beef and dairy farmers (82 percent women) from Chipinge and Gokwe South to access agriculture-related credit worth $6,425 for upgrading their on-farm milk chilling facilities and working capital. Female beneficiaries accessed 77 percent of the total value of the loans. • This quarter, 489 beneficiaries (60 percent women) and 455 beneficiaries (58 percent women) across the six operational districts participated in program-facilitated nutrition and WASH activities. Trainings included food groups, meal demonstrations, diverse nutrition garden establishments, and optimal handwashing with detergent as the program joined the rest of the world in preventing the spread of COVID-19. • During the period under review, 28 organizations/associations continued to receive technical assistance to build their capacity to manage key business functions. The organizations included 10 village milk aggregators, two hay entrepreneurs, three private sector enterprises, 12 producer organizations, and a women’s group. • Fifty-four percent of leadership positions in beef and dairy marketing groups, lead farmers, and grass-root producer associations working with the program were occupied by female farmers from a baseline of 36 percent. Of the 122 functional program lead farmers, 52 percent are women. • To date, 87 percent of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s budget has been disbursed and the program is on target to achieve all life of project goals. As the program enters its final stages of operations, the focus will be on consolidating program activities, report writing and documentation, data collection, and execution of final closeout activities. Due to lockdown restrictions, the program staff will continue teleworking. Only essential finance and administration staff will be working from the office on a rotational basis. Field activities will continue to be suspended except for essential one day trips.
Specific activities planned for the next quarter include:
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• Conducting the second round of the Annual Household Survey data collection through telephone interviews and online surveys for census data. • Identifying and planning for program closeout activities. • Initiating and execution of the necessary closeout protocols. • Finalizing all reports (district reports, case studies, final program report). • Conducting a virtual closeout event.
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2. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is to provide inclusive economic opportunities that sustainably reduce poverty and increase food security, incomes, WASH, and nutrition status of 1,800 beef and 1,200 dairy smallholder farmers in natural regions (NRs) III, IV, and V.4 The program focuses on increasing production, productivity, and market linkages of beef and dairy farmers as a means of increasing their food security, incomes, hygiene, and nutritional status. These goals will be reached through the achievement of three intermediate results (IRs): ● Increased sustainable agricultural production, productivity, and incomes of targeted beef and dairy smallholder farmers through increased market linkages; access to appropriate credit and finance; investment; and adoption of GAPs, GAHPs, and technologies. ● Improved hygiene and nutrition-related behaviors through training and technical assistance on good household nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation practices as well as exclusive breastfeeding. ● Increased organizational capacity of local organizations to implement USAID-funded agricultural development programs by transferring skills and capacity building, sharing best practices, and attracting investments from private sector organizations partnering with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program.
The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program focuses on profitable beef and dairy production and income generation through appropriate and sustainable interventions5 that improve the livelihoods of vulnerable livestock owners. These activities will help rural families transition from subsistence to commercial farming and increase their net worth through investment in cattle and other on-farm productivity-enhancing assets. Figure 1 summarizes the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s implementation approach. Interventions will sustainably raise production, productivity, and incomes from smallholder beef and dairy systems; improve hygiene practices and behaviors; increase the availability and utilization of nutritious foods; expand market access and availability of credit and finance across value chains; add value to beef and dairy products; and boost agricultural investment and the adoption of best practices by local implementers. To maximize outreach and ensure sustainability, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program is partnering with commercial companies, NGOs, and relevant government departments. Collaboration with the government has enabled easy entry into target areas and led to the sharing of technical information and training platforms and will also be used to enable a sustainable program exit. Developing commercial partnerships through a national network of both private and public agribusinesses strengthens farmers’ access to markets with fair prices, provides working capital and finance at realistic rates, supplies inputs efficiently, and provides extension and training to growers as an embedded cost. Partnerships with the private sector ensure sustainable business relationships that outlive program life as they focus on establishing service provision options at market rates. During the fifth year (FY2020), program activities are focusing on: Leveraging the grants under contract (GUC) facility to ramp up the whole farm approach as the first step toward commercialization and improving beneficiaries’ incomes, food security, and resilience through improvement in production and productivity, reduction in unit costs of production, and promotion of mixed farming at the household level. The focus is to ensure households produce efficiently for home consumption and generate increased incomes from selling to more lucrative and sustainable markets.
4 The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s goals have been aligned with Development Objective 1 of USAID/Zimbabwe’s new Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) 2016 – 2021. 5 Interventions such as herd rationalization combined with linkages to abattoirs and auction sales; use of low-cost feed sources; production and implementation of fodder plans; linkages with sources of finance and input suppliers. Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 9
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
● Leveraging the GUC facility to ramp up the beef-dairy and village milk aggregation models to reduce the costs of aggregation and marketing of raw milk and create more sustainable market arrangements. The program’s target is to work with at least 35 milk aggregators and 800 smallholder dairy producers. Improving the competitiveness of smallholder farmers in the beef and dairy sector through capacity building and technical assistance in productivity enhancing GAPs, GAHPs, and technologies. Intensifying cattle breed improvement strategies including artificial insemination (AI) and procurement of heifers (beef and dairy) to increase beef production and milk yields respectively. Capacity building of cattle producer groups, milk and beef aggregators, and private sector players (input suppliers, markets, and financiers) working with program beneficiaries to strengthen their relationship and improve their efficiency in service delivery and sustainability. Increasing demand for smallholder-produced beef and dairy products by focusing on improved quality, increased quantity, reliability of supply, and better supply logistics by facilitating and building linkages with both formal and informal buyers of smallholder beef and dairy products. Expanding the availability of improved inputs for beef and dairy farmers throughout Natural Regions (NRs) III, IV, and V by creating new commercial partnerships with input suppliers as well as introducing low- to no-cost interventions that improve productivity, animal health, and nutrition. Demonstrating the high investment returns achieved by employing low-cost technologies and improved livestock management practices among individual and group investments. Facilitating access to capital, finance, and credit for all value chain actors to facilitate investment. Improving overall household health and nutrition through improved dietary diversity (e.g., by incorporating livestock products) and trainings on household nutrition and proper sanitation. Prioritizing coordination with other USAID, donor, and government investments in the target areas to maximize leveraging and impact per dollar spent. Maximizing outreach and ensuring sustainability by implementing interventions through partnerships with commercial companies or other types of non-governmental organizations. The program’s technical team will continue developing, facilitating, and managing these partnerships to create a national network of agribusinesses and supporting organizations that can supply inputs efficiently; provide extension and training to dairy and beef farmers as an embedded cost; provide working capital and finance at realistic rates; and guarantee access to markets at fair prices. Providing demand-driven training and technical assistance to address site-specific challenges. Empowering women and youth. The strategy continues to mainstream gender and youth to ensure sustainable, inclusive, and transformative agricultural-led economic growth and monitors progress from baseline to quantifiably report on impact.
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Figure 1: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program Results Framework Summary
IMPACT (Long- PROJECT GOAL: PROVIDE INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES THAT SUSTAINABLY REDUCE POVERTY AND IMPROVE term results) FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION AND BUILD RESILIENCE OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ZIMBABWE
OUTCOMES Increased sustainable agricultural (Intermediary Increased organizational capacity of Improved nutrition and hygiene production, productivity, and Results) local implementing organizations practices and behaviors incomes
Increased Increased implementation adoption of best Increased Increased Expanded Increased Improved Increased OUTPUTS effectiveness of organizational private sector adoption of Improved practices. market access access to Improved access to and prevalence of (Sub IRs) agricultural investment in GAPS and hygiene (Management; and value chain credit and NRM utilization of exclusive programs by the agriculture management behaviors HR; ethics; M&E; integration finance nutritious foods breastfeeding local USAID regulatory sector practices organizations compliance etc.)
INPUTS Capacity Promote Promote Trainings (GAPS, AND Partnerships development techniques for Finance, Quality social Market technologies, ACTIVITIES and and sharing BDS climate credit, and and inclusion of linkages management skills, collaboration best change investment standards women and (Including nutrition, hygiene) practices adaptation youth cross-cutting)
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3. ACTIVITIES The changing environment associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including new directives issued by the Government of Zimbabwe, has considerably impacted and influenced “normal” Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program operations. All field travel by program staff was suspended and all program offices were shut down during the lockdown period as the team moved to teleworking. This negatively affected the extent and depth of the outreach by program technicians.
The program in collaboration with private sector partners and government stakeholders embraced information and communications technology (ICT) for sharing technical ideas, data collection, farmer to farmer information sharing, and providing feedback. Messages were sent to lead farmers and producer groups participating in WhatsApp groups and these were cascaded to mentees and other producers. The program encouraged farmers to invest in smartphones and facilitated the creation of WhatsApp groups among program beneficiaries; within and across the value chains (beef or dairy), within and across the districts, and with the relevant stakeholders (DVS, and AGRITEX) and the private sector companies. Where smartphones were not accessible, the program facilitated the creation of text messages for the transmission of technical assistance (TA), marketing information, data collection messages, and feedback. Program technicians, provincial supervisors, M&E, and communication teams were added to the WhatsApp and text messaging groups for technical backstopping and data collection. In line with the government directives and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the program gradually and cautiously resumed essential field visits and activities.
Some of the commercial partnership activities were also severely constrained and there was a significant disruption to supply chains and market outlets. The partnership established with private- sector value chain actors, in particular for raw milk marketing with Dairibord Zimbabwe Private Limited and Dendairy Limited, has enabled a reasonable level of basic services to continue operating to support the program’s ‘budding commercial dairy farmers.’ Both companies were proactive in ensuring that milk supply remains uninterrupted through providing letters of support to both farmers and transporters in Chipinge, Gweru, Gokwe South, and Umzingwane. However, mobilization of transport remained a challenge for Chirumhanzu and Gokwe South farmers and the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program field team continued to provide trainings and technical assistance through the aggregators on the ground, private sector companies, and the stakeholders. Beef cattle marketing was severely impacted as it involves interfaces requiring aggregation across larger areas and movement of humans within and across regions increasing the risks of spreading COVID- 19. Activities involving disease control, in particular dipping at government operated dipping tanks continued through a directive from the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Water, Rural Resettlement. However, the continued collapse of the government animal health service provision, particularly dipping, continued to negatively affect production and productivity among the smallholder farmers. To address this, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Li vestock Development program has been building the capacity of farmers to implement their own on-farm dipping services and these will continue in the absence of on-farm program activities. Training and technical assistance, which coincided with the beef and dairy production calendars was provided including production and productivity enhancing GAPs, GAHPs, and business development skills; linking farmers to markets and financial services; promoting good environmental stewardship, nutrition and hygiene practices; as well as providing capacity building to farmers’ groups and private sector players that are working with the program. Specific trainings on GAPs and GAHPs focused on fodder production and preservation; clean milk production; calf rearing; cattle supplementary feeding; feedlot management; construction of cattle handling facilities; and animal health and breeding. Linkages to markets and financial services; enterprise budgeting; whole farm planning; recordkeeping; and on farm investments comprised most of the business development skills training during the quarter. Gender, nutrition, and WASH trainings and technical assistance continued to be mainstreamed and integrated in beef and dairy program activities.
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The program also provided capacity building to private sector companies including milk collection centers (MCCs) on nuances of working with smallholder farmers, viability analysis, market pricing, input and output service bundling, market development, and how to embed technical extension messages into their product and service offerings to smallholder farmers. This collaborative effort with the private sector ensures the sustainability of technical interventions after the program ends. Activities to increase beneficiaries’ access to formal markets were enhanced through the village milk and beef aggregation models across all program sites. The aggregation models aim at reducing transaction and marketing costs through economies of scale at the first and last mile of rural value chains. The GUCs facility continued to enhance the mobilization of resources from beneficiaries for co- investment in on-farm production and productivity enhancing GAPs, GAHPs, and technologies. The sections below detail the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program activities during the quarter in five categories to cover the 35 monitored indicators where applicable: • Beneficiaries:6 Number, gender balance, geographical spread, and types of support received. • Incremental Sales and Income: Amount of new money earned by beneficiaries, measured by sales of all agricultural products including through strengthening of market linkages. • Productivity: Direct interventions resulting in increased production and net returns from beef and dairy production. This also includes interventions that improve access to finance, credit and investment; developing business skills among beneficiary farmers and collaborating partners; and promoting farmer-led extension systems. • Nutrition and hygiene: Interventions targeted for positive behavior change in nutrition, and WASH activities. • Organizational capacity development: Interventions targeted at promoting farmer led extension systems; developing the organizational capacity of farmer groups and local collaborating partners to enhance their effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability in servicing smallholder farmers, and implementing development programs. An explanation of the program’s environmental and gender activities follows in each respective section. 3.1 BENEFICIARIES
EG.3-2 Number of Individuals participating in USG Food Security Programs During the review period, program interventions reached 614 unique farmers (56 percent women) of which 406 (58 percent women) were beef farmers and 208 (51 percent women) were dairy farmers from the six focus districts (Table 3.1.2). Youthful farmers constituted 17 percent of the beneficiaries compared to 18 percent in the previous quarter.
The period under review coincided with the national lockdown in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the physical absence of program staff in the field, the program continued offering trainings and technical assistance to beneficiary farmers over the phone, through telecoms, text messaging, and educative pictorials as well as videos shared with the farmers via the WhatsApp platform. The program staff also targeted technical assistance to lead farmers and village milk/beef aggregators and knowledge sharing is being cascaded by the lead farmers and aggregators to other farmers.
During the review period, the program worked with 42 new beneficiaries (51 percent women) bringing to 2,288 new beneficiaries (48 percent women) since the beginning of FY2020. Of the 42 new
6 To be eligible for program support, on initial contact with the program, a beef beneficiary farmer must have 10 or less cattle while a dairy beneficiary must be milking no more than two cows. In addition, all must be earning $500 or less per annum per household, with 75 percent of income emanating from agricultural activities. For small-scale commercial dairy farmers, to be considered for program support, a farmer must be milking more than two cows and earning an annual household income of $1,500 or less on initial contact with the program. Seventy-five percent of income must be from agricultural activities. Small-scale commercial dairy beneficiaries must not exceed 30 percent of total dairy beneficiaries. Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 13
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beneficiaries, 23 were beef farmers (42 percent women) and 19 were dairy farmers (63 percent women). These new beneficiaries were attracted to the program after witnessing gains from the commercialization activities among beneficiary farmers.
Program activities conducted during the review period included but were not limited to: drought mitigation strategies; on-farm investments; linkages to input, credit, service, and output markets; fodder production; training on GAPs and GAHPs, good environmental stewardship, business skills, good nutrition and WASH practices; and establishment of woodlots with multi-purpose trees (fodder, fruit, timber, and firewood). COVID-19 awareness and WASH-related messaging were emphasized as the program joined hands with the rest of the world in fighting against the spread of the pandemic.
During the review period, the program surpassed its annual beneficiary overall target, by 1 percentage point. The program has worked with 4,251 participants of the targeted 4,200 participants for FY2020 (Table 3.1.1). Since its inception, the program has worked with 13,430 unique farmers or 11,192 rural households (49 percent women) from the six operational districts (Annex 5). Regarding dairy beneficiaries, the program reached 86 percent of the FY2020 targeted 800 participants during the review period. Table 3.1.1: New and Continuing Participants -Q1 - Q3 FY 2020 FY 2020 Q1 - Q3 FY2020 Achievement Value Chain Progress Target New Continuing Total Beef 3,400 2,006 1,557 3,563 105% Dairy 800 282 406 688 86% Total 4,200 2,288 1,963 4,251 101% Source: CIRIS
In FY2020, the program has linked 1,631 farmers (1,319 beef and 312 dairy) to formal buyers of beef and dairy products. The formal markets include abattoirs, butcheries, village milk aggregators, milk processors, and MCCs (Table 3.1.2). Table 3.1.2: Program Interventions, Q3 FY2020 Combined Unique Beef Farmers Dairy Farmers Activities Farmers Females Males Total Females Males Total Females Males Total Trainings and TA 237 169 406 107 101 208 344 270 614
Farmers linked to 481 838 1,319 171 141 312 652 979 1,631 formal buyers Source: CIRIS & Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program First Round AHS, 2020
3.2 INCREMENTAL SALES The program continued to promote activities and interventions that enable farmers to access formal markets. The aim is to have sustainable market linkages between farmers and the private sector, which go beyond program life. The program continued to use a gradualist approach to dairy development and tracks program beneficiaries selling milk in both formal and informal markets. In all focus areas, the program continued to encourage more farmers to milk their beef cows for household milk consumption and sell any surplus into the local and formal markets for additional income.
Access to profitable and formal markets for both beef and dairy producers was facilitated through village aggregators. Village beef and dairy aggregators have been instrumental in generating new income streams into the rural economy for all value chain players and reducing transaction and marketing costs among smallholder beef and dairy farmers. The village aggregation model also provided a sustainable means of disaggregating agricultural inputs to enhance a cost-effective last mile distribution of inputs.
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During the quarter, private sector companies working with the program have been taking lead roles in fostering and cementing relationships with farmers. For example, the two milk processors Dendairy and Dairibord were instrumental in registering new aggregators and providing technical assistance to both aggregators and their suppliers. On the other hand, MC Meats has been working with beef aggregators to disseminate crucial marketing information. These interventions ensure that farmers have sustainable lucrative markets hence increasing their overall incomes. Below are activities done during the quarter:
The number of village milk aggregators from Gokwe South certified by the government regulatory arm Dairy Services to sell milk to large scale processor Dendairy increased from three in the last quarter to five (four women) this quarter. The three operational aggregators (Siyengiwe Machina, Taurai Takanai, and Patrick Bhebhe) delivered 2,441 liters of raw milk worth $1,900 to Dendairy during the review period up from 266 liters worth $96, delivered in the last quarter. The farmers were motivated by attractive producer prices to continue supplying milk to Dendairy despite facing challenges with the cold chain, irregular availability of transport, and unpredictable transport fare hikes coupled with the COVID-19-induced national lockdown. Through these new market linkages, the aggregators are receiving a producer price that is 189 percent higher than the $0.27 per liter paid by the local MCC. In Umzingwane district, the program facilitated the accreditation of two more milk aggregators, Patrick Nkomo and Prayers Mhlope (one woman) by Dairy Services in addition to three aggregators accredited during the last quarter to produce, aggregate, and deliver raw milk to formal processors. The three aggregators (Dzingirai Juwere, Thokozile Dube, and Douglas Masilela) who were accredited during the last quarter delivered 3,005 liters of milk worth $2,709 to Dendairy during this quarter. Due to transport challenges and COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, the three aggregators also sold their milk to the local MCC. During the review period, the three aggregators sold 2,549 liters worth $2,304 to the MCC. New aggregators in Umzingwane district sold 474 liters worth $474 to the local MCC pending the finalization of their contracts with Dendairy. (See Annex 1: Beef-dairy and village aggregation models showcasing farmers’ and value chain resilience). In Chirumhanzu district, youth farmer Tatendaishe Ukama was accredited by Dairy Services this quarter, to become the second village aggregator in the district authorized to sell milk to the formal market. Ukama and Dairibord technical staff are working on finalizing a supply contract. In the meantime, Ukama delivered 214 liters worth $159 to Sarah Ndodha, a nearby aggregator already accredited by Dairy Services and contracted to deliver milk to Dairibord. In Chipinge district, 31 milk producers (75 percent women) sold 4,590 liters worth $2,066 to Dairibord’s processing plant in Chipinge through three village aggregators. The aggregators obtained travel letters from the local authority for unrestricted movement during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
3.2.1 Sales of Milk and Dairy Products
During the quarter under review, farmers working with the program in focus areas of Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane districts delivered 70,319 liters of raw milk worth $52,162 to formal markets (MCCs and processors) in collaboration with the program, as compared to 83,271 liters worth $31,628 that was delivered in the same quarter in FY2019 (Table 3.2.1). Village milk aggregators encountered challenges when they were delivering milk during the lockdown as roadblocks mounted by the Zimbabwe Republic Police often delayed their movement. In addition, transport was not readily available resulting in transport fares increasing by 100 percent during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Other production costs (drugs and animal feed) also increased by 130 percent, adversely affecting profitability as raw milk prices increased by 100 percent from $0.55 to $1.09 per liter during the review period.
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Table 3.2.1: Recorded Milk Sales from Program Focus Areas, Q3 FY2020 April – June 2019 April – June 2020 Volume Volume Value ($) Value ($) Buyer (l) (l) i) Beef – Dairy milk production i) Raw milk delivered to informal markets Chirumhanzu – non MCC 8,830 953 2,950 1,898 Farm gate Farm gate and Chipinge 0 0 300 120 vending Gokwe South – non MCC 310 120 425.00 425.00 Farm gate (Sengwa) Gweru 1,200 364 55 36l Farm gate Farm gate and Umzingwane – non MCC 0 0 11,688 9,963 vending Total 10,340 1,437 15,418 12,767 ii) Raw milk delivered to formal markets Chirumhanzu – Aggregators 0 0 1,688 1,236 Dairiboard Dairibord Chipinge 0 0 4,590 2,066 Zimbabwe Limited Gokwe MCC – members 25,989 8,769 9,676 4,247 MCC Gokwe MCC, Gokwe South – Aggregators 718 284 3,341 2,745 Dendairy, Farm gate Gweru – Individuals 5,979 2,444 9,405 8,857 Dairibord Gweru – Aggregators 1,647 439 0 0 Dairibord MCC, Red Umzingwane – Aggregators 1,564 566 3,005 2,708 Tractor
Kershelmer, Umzingwane – Non MCC 39,337 16,525 33,965 26,283 Dendairy
Umzingwane – MCC 8,037 2,601 4,649 4,020 MCC members Total 83,271 31,628 70,319 52,162 Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program
In Chirumhanzu district, deliveries to Dairibord’s Gweru depot were suspended for 15 days due to unavailability of fuel for most transporters, increases in transport costs and occasional travel prohibitions during the COVID-19 induced national lockdown in March 2020. Suppliers to aggregator Sarah Ndodha resorted to farm gate selling. As a result, Ndodha only delivered 1,688 liters of milk worth $1,236 to Dairibord compared to 3,117 liters worth $2,323 in Q2 FY2020, a 47 percent decline in volume.
Despite the COVID-19 related challenges and the prevailing poor economic conditions, four farmers (three women) from Umsungwe Block, Gweru delivered 9,405 liters of milk worth $8,857 to Dairibord compared to 5,979 liters worth $2,444 in the previous quarter, a 57 and 262 percent increase in volumes and prices respectively. (See Annex 1: Beef-dairy and village aggregation models showcasing farmers’ and value chain resilience).
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3.2.2 Beef Product Sales
During the reporting period, 51 cattle from 21 farmers were sold from program focus areas generating $18,974. The number of cattle sold during the quarter was low due to unfavorable marketing conditions related to COVID-19 movement restrictions and low prices resulting from low demand caused by the decline in disposable incomes.
Inflation and liquidity challenges continued to persist during the review period, negatively impacting disposable incomes and demand for beef. Depreciation of the local currency continued to erode producer prices and farmer earnings in real terms (Figure 3.2.2). The depreciating value of cattle had a negative All Photos by Fintrac impact on all program efforts to commercialize Felistus Gwatipedza of Chirumhanzu district, supplier smallholder beef production as most farmers to aggregator Sarah Ndodha, sits with pots full of milk preferred not to sell. Program beneficiaries are after milk was returned to him due to lack of transport. only selling cattle to meet financial emergencies or when they have identified an investment opportunity at the farm that includes potable water, irrigation, chilling facilities, milking equipment, dairy animals, and paddocking.
On the other hand, abattoirs were slaughtering fewer cattle per day compared to quantities slaughtered before the outbreak of COVID-19. Most abattoirs resorted to slaughtering once a week and restricted movements of farmers to their premises as a measure to control the spread of COVID- 19. Since operating hours were minimized due to lockdown restrictions, local butcheries resorted to slaughtering goats and pigs, which proved to have quicker turnaround than cattle. While prices normally start to firm in the third quarter, this has not been the case this year as prices are depressed as a result of the economic meltdown and the global pandemic.
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Figure 3.2.2. Average Commercial Beef Prices FY2016-FY2020
8
7
6
5
USD 4 FY2016 3 FY2017
2 FY2018
1 FY2019
0 FY2020 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Months
Despite the challenges, some farmers continued to rationalize their herds and sold their cattle to invest in assets that would generate value in their farming business. Table 3.2.2 below shows cattle sold by district during the reporting period. In Chipinge district, 10 farmers sold 11 cattle off the rangeland to Molus’ Meats abattoir and earned $2,255 in gross income. The highest paid animal fetched $285 while the lowest fetched $119. Farmers used the income earned from cattle sales to buy stock feeds for supplementary feeding, food for their families, and water reticulation equipment. In Gokwe South, the program facilitated disposal of five cull animals from three village milk aggregators toward their co-investments in solar chilling facilities under the GUCs facility. Proceeds from the sale of cattle were channeled toward solar system upgrades to increase their milk holding and chilling capacities and constructing milk rooms and milking parlors to meet statutory and health requirements for selling milk to formal markets.
In Umzingwane district, the program facilitated four beef-dairy farmers (three women) in rationalizing their herds to raise resources for investing in borehole drilling and procuring improved dairy heifers. The farmers sold 19 cattle off the rangeland to local butcheries and earned $7,350.
In Gweru district, beef-dairy farmer Phillip Maroora followed the program’s advice on herd rationalization and sold eight cattle to a local butchery and earned $3,000. He used the money for procuring a bigger and more reliable refrigerator to store his milk and drilling a 70-meter borehole.
These averages of about $380.00 were relatively subdued and are reflective of beef prices during the review period. The annual household surveys also reported average prices of $370.00. Usually the prices of beef starts declining in January and take a dip sometime in May/June before the prices start firming up in July and reach a peak in December during the festive season (Figure 3.2.2). The graphs also show that FY2020 had relatively subdued beef prices compared to FY2019 and 2018. In addition, the low average prices may also be attributed to lower body condition score of the cattle, unless the farmers have adopted supplementary feeding. Off the rangeland sales are intended to take advantage of the summer grazing and usually cattle are in good body condition up to April/May, after which the cattle start to loose body condition as the quantity and quality of the rangeland continue to decline. Currently, most program beneficieries are capable of preventing poverty deaths by focusing on the Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 18
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critical 120 days from September/October to November/December and are yet to grow enough fodder to allow for longer periods of supplementary feeding. Also, prices offered by the local market/butcheries are always lower than the abattoir prices as the local markets may not be grading their animals, and they may be offering a significant proportion of the payments in cash.
Table 3.2.2 Program Monitored Off the Rangeland Cattle Sales Q3 FY2020 Total Number of Number Lowest Highest Gross District animals of Buyers price price income sold farmers ($) ($) ($) Molus’ meats Chipinge 11 10 119 285 2,255 abattoir Gokwe South 5 3 Breeders, Butcheries 150 300 1,200 Umzingwane 19 4 Butcheries 300 450 7,350 Chirumhanzu1 2 1 MC Meats 736 768 1,504 Kwekwe1 6 2 MC Meats 400 700 3,665 Gweru 8 1 Butchery 350 450 3,000 Grand Total 51 21 18,974 / Average Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program 1 Sales through the formal markets, large-scale processors and on cold dressed mass (MC Meats) are more lucrative than sales through the local butcheries and live animals. Village beef aggregators mobilized most of the cattle sold during the quarter earning an average commission of 2 percent per each aggregated sale. The program collaborated with abattoirs to strengthen and expand the village beef aggregation model for sustainable formal cattle sales post the program life. 3.3 INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY As part of its exit strategy, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program continued to focus on selecting the top most performing beneficiaries; intensifying, and diversifying the provision of trainings and technical assistance of the game changing GAPs, GAHPs, and business development skills to create centers of excellence and ensure sustainability of program activities after the life of the program (LOP). The program’s technical team is heightening its facilitative role among beneficiaries, private sector, and relevant government stakeholders to also ensure sustainability of program interventions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown period has created major dislocation in the day to day provision of technical trainings and assistance to smallholder farmers as well as to the private sector companies collaborating with the program. Following the national lockdown guidelines from the WHO and the government of Zimbabwe, all program face to face interactions including team meetings, beneficiary trainings, capacity building workshops, technical days, field demonstrations, and World Milk Day commemorations were suspended. Interactions with beneficiaries, key stakeholders, and private sector companies were all conducted through remote methods including phone calls, WhatsApp, and text messaging for sharing technical ideas and providing feedback. Videos and pictorial graphics were shared with lead farmers, aggregators, and some mentees with smartphones and these were cascaded down to other beneficiaries. The program also heightened its interactions with the stakeholders, and private sector companies and continued facilitating linkages and strengthening their relationships with the smallholder farmers.
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The suspension of all face to face interactions negatively affected the extent of the outreach by program technician but was a good litmus test for the sustainability of the program interventions as well as the resilience of the farmers and the markets.
Despite the challenges, production and productivity increasing activities during the reporting period continued to focus on: Improving technical and business skills through: o Training and technical assistance on GAPs, GAHPs, and technologies aimed at improving reproductive efficiency and general cattle performance in terms of herd health, animal nutrition, breeding, and herd rationalization. o Training and technical assistance on business skills to help farmers run their farms as businesses and identify long-term opportunities for earning additional income. Demonstrating and promoting the adoption of GAPs, GAHPs, technologies, and management practices that are low- to no-cost but effective in improving herd performance, whole farm productivity, and increasing returns. Encouraging beneficiaries to invest in assets and technologies that increase productivity such as irrigation infrastructure; artificial insemination, breeding heifers and cows; fencing material; milking parlors; and chilling facilities among others. Increasing farmers and other value chain players’ access to finance, credit, and inputs. Results achieved in enhancing production and productivity among beneficiaries during the quarter are reported under four sub-headings: improving agricultural technical and business skills; promoting the adoption of improved technologies and management practices; increasing investment in agricultural assets and technologies; and increasing access to finance and credit. The results for relevant indicator(s) monitored under each sub-head are summarized where available. In other cases, illustrative anecdotal data is provided. 3.3.1 Improving Agricultural Technical and Business Skills LD 33 Number of individuals who have received USG-supported short-term agricultural sector productivity or food security training During the review period, the program engaged 614 unique beneficiaries (56 percent women) compared to 2,391 beneficiaries (46 percent women) in the previous quarter who attended training sessions and/or received one-on-one technical assistance from program personnel and private sector partners on GAPs, GAHPs, business skills, marketing, environment, gender, nutrition, and WASH (Table 3.3.3.1). The number of beneficiaries reached was 74 percent less than the previous quarter due to disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the lockdown. Program personnel focused on high impact individuals such as beef and dairy aggregators, lead farmers, selected suppliers, and mentored farmers who received technical assistance through phone calls, text messaging, and WhatsApp. In both beef and dairy areas, newly identified village beef aggregators received technical assistance to rationalize their herds for on-farm investment in their aggregation business. Village beef aggregators were linked with MC Meats and given technical assistance on the best way to work with abattoirs while new village milk aggregators received technical assistance from the program to assist them to meet the regulatory requirements from Dairy Services and finalize their contracts with the large-scale milk processors. Existing village milk aggregators received technical assistance on areas that resulted in increased quality and volumes of milk being sold to the processors. Both village milk and beef aggregators also received trainings and technical assistance from the output markets and relevant government stakeholders who are collaborating with the program to ensure the sustainability of program interventions. Chipinge district had the highest number of beneficiaries with 302 farmers (64 percent women) receiving training on beef production and productivity. Chipinge farmers were mainly accessing information on animal health and animal breeding, feed formulations, urea treatment of stover, heat synchronization, pregnancy diagnosis, artificial insemination, disease prevention and treatment,
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husbandry practices, fodder production and harvesting, supplementary feeding, cattle handling facilities, drought mitigation strategies, marketing and pen fattening. The program facilitated more private sector coordination of activities that resulted in several companies taking a lead in engaging farmers for essential services. Rakiten Energy Solutions, a solar installation company that also specializes in selling and installing solar accessories, independently visited all program dairy areas to either upgrade or install completely new solar systems for milk cold chain or water reticulation. Milk processors, Dairibord and Dendairy visited farmers to provide technical assistance on several occasions in Chirumhanzu and Gokwe South, respectively. Table 3.3.1.1: Unique Individual Farmer Trainees, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 509 674 1,183 43 193 109 302 64 Chirumhanzu 128 123 251 51 38 48 86 44 Gokwe South 111 133 244 45 34 43 77 44 Gweru 118 143 261 45 16 24 40 40 Kwekwe 137 133 270 51 19 10 29 66 Umzingwane 97 85 182 53 44 36 80 55 Total 1,100 1,291 2,391 46 344 270 614 56 Source: CIRIS During the period under review, 430 farmers (57 percent women) were trained in beef related topics compared to 1,994 beneficiaries (45 percent women) trained in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.2). The highest number of farmers trained in beef related topics was from Chipinge district followed by Chirumhanzu and Gweru districts, two of which are the program’s main beef zones. Table 3.3.1.2:: Beef Training by District, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 483 669 1,152 42 193 109 302 64 Chirumhanzu 81 68 149 54 15 28 43 35 Gokwe 55 58 113 49 2 6 8 25 South Gweru 113 135 248 46 14 23 37 38 Kwekwe 137 134 271 51 12 10 22 55 Umzingwane 28 33 61 46 10 8 18 56 Total 897 1,097 1,994 45 246 184 430 57 Source: CIRIS
Beef training topics and practical demonstrations where large numbers of farmers were covered include supplementary feeding, husbandry practices, marketing, fodder production, handling facilities, disease prevention and control, urea treatment of stover, pen fattening, and animal breeding in descending order (Table 3.3.1.3). The program’s partnership with Suburban Veterinary Practice (SVP) in Kwekwe and Gokwe South districts was negatively affected by the lockdown despite the continued presence of their veterinary technicians on the ground. This could be attributed to the need for continued in-depth and face to face capacity building and support from the program, which was prematurely terminated by the national lockdown. Table 3.3.1.3: Beef Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2020
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Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 Subject % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Animal Breeding 72 64 136 53 18 3 21 86 Animal Health 119 89 208 57 3 2 5 60 Artificial Insemination 119 129 248 48 0 0 0 0 Theory/Practical Bull Examination 30 24 54 56 1 0 1 100 Calf Management 2 1 3 67 0 0 0 0 Cattle and Meat Grading 60 36 96 63 1 4 5 20 Disease Prevention and 427 459 886 48 11 27 38 29 Control Disease Treatment 252 331 583 43 1 2 3 33 Drought Mitigation 15 13 28 54 0 0 0 0 Strategies Feed Formulation 150 213 363 41 2 2 4 50 Feedlot Post Mortem 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Fodder Production 588 660 1,248 47 34 36 70 49 Handling Facilities 379 390 769 49 22 43 65 34 Heat Synchronisation 44 40 84 52 0 0 0 0 Husbandry Practices 506 727 1,233 41 54 73 127 43 Marketing 251 309 560 45 45 58 103 44 Pen Fattening 130 212 342 38 10 14 24 42 Supplementary Feeding 4 8 12 33 166 98 264 63 Urea Treatment of Stover 2 3 5 40 6 20 26 23 Other 206 360 566 36 5 9 14 36 *other subjects include fodder conservation; hay and silage making A total of 275 beneficiaries (56 percent women) were trained in dairy related topics, compared to 1,211 farmers (41 percent women) in the last quarter (Table 3.3.1.4). The program worked on building the capacity of new dairy aggregators and producers that had started developing themselves in preparation for formal milk marketing. The dairy zones of Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, and Umzingwane had high numbers of beneficiaries who received training as the program continued to link beef-dairy farmers and their aggregators to formal markets while working with the existing farmers to improve production and productivity. Chipinge recorded the highest number of trainees, reaching 105 farmers (63 percent women). Of the farmers trained in Chipinge, 34 managed to sell at least 10 liters of milk to formal and informal markets. Table 3.3.1.4: Dairy Training by District, Q3 FY 2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 278 482 760 37 66 39 105 63 Chirumhanzu 64 74 138 46 22 21 43 51 Gokwe 68 94 162 42 29 30 59 49 South Gweru 5 8 13 38 1 0 1 100
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Kwekwe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Umzingwane 76 62 138 55 36 31 67 54 Total 491 720 1,211 41 154 121 275 56 Source: CIRIS
Popular dairy topics included marketing; quality control; supplementary feeding; handling facilities; GAHPs; and urea treated stover (Table 3.3.1.5). New dairy farmers received technical training on rearing a milking cow; clean milk production; milk marketing; and disease control. In collaboration with Dairy Services, DVS, and processors, the program facilitated the continued screening and testing of milk samples from new farmers for quality and contagious abortion, a prerequisite to supplying raw milk to a formal market. During the reporting period, four new village milk aggregators, two in Umzingwane, and two in Gokwe South, were accredited and contracted to sell milk to large scale processors, Dairibord and Dendairy.
Table 3.3.1.5: Dairy Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 Subject % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Animal Health 1 0 1 100 5 2 7 71 Artificial Insemination 97 99 196 49 25 20 45 56 Theory/Practical Bull Examination 58 44 102 57 0 0 0 0 Calf Management 136 130 266 51 14 14 28 50 Disease Prevention and 104 105 209 50 17 17 34 50 Control Disease Treatment 81 112 193 42 5 5 10 50 Feed Formulation 33 131 164 20 0 0 0 0 Fodder Production 190 314 504 38 21 18 39 54 Handling Facilities 168 160 328 51 56 43 99 57 Heat Synchronisation 8 18 26 31 0 0 0 0 Husbandry Practices 207 286 493 42 35 39 74 47 Marketing 274 421 695 39 75 66 141 53 Quality Control 230 257 487 47 80 61 141 57 Supplementary Feeding 1 0 1 100 54 45 99 55 Urea Treatment of Stover 3 1 4 75 38 33 71 54 Other** 153 157 310 49 17 22 39 44 *Other subjects include fodder harvesting; fodder conservation; hay and silage making; Source: CIRIS blackleg and botulism vaccination Business skills training and technical assistance continued to focus on: ● Developing skills on enterprise budgeting; recordkeeping; group marketing; market intelligence; and electronic banking. These skills are intended to improve beneficiaries’ planning and decision-making abilities. ● Facilitating access to finance. Farmers were linked to institutions that provided working and asset capital for inputs and farming equipment, respectively. To build good credit history, farmers received training on credit management, group lending, banking procedures, and electronic banking to ensure timely loan repayments.
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● Contract management. To minimize defaulting, farmers with formal agreements with milk processors were trained on contract specifications to raise awareness of their contractual obligations. ● Improving market access and strengthening market linkages. Transaction costs were reduced by linking farmer groups to input, output, and financial markets. Beef farmers were linked directly to abattoirs and beef-dairy farmers were linked to MCCs or small scale processors via village aggregators. The program continued to train village milk aggregators in Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gokwe South, Gweru, and Umzingwane on good business practices as well as improving business skills among potential raw milk suppliers. In Chipinge and Kwekwe districts, farmers participated in the trainings as they engaged in cattle marketing. A total of 423 farmers (59 percent women) were trained on topics intended to improve beneficiaries’ business skills, compared to 1,731 (43 percent women) in the previous quarter (Table 3.3.1.6). A greater proportion of these were from the dairy zones as the program continued to link the farmers to the markets. Chipinge had the highest number of beneficiaries receiving business skills training during the quarter at 257 farmers.
Table 3.3.1.6: Business Skills Training by District, Q3 FY 2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 443 652 1,095 40 172 85 257 67 Chirumhanzu 114 115 229 50 36 47 83 43 Gokwe 61 87 148 41 27 27 54 50 South Gweru 12 25 37 32 0 3 3 0 Kwekwe 29 32 61 48 9 3 12 75 Umzingwane 81 80 161 50 5 9 14 36 Total 740 991 1,731 43 249 174 423 59 Source: CIRIS
Table 3.3.1.7 summarizes the number of beneficiaries who received business skills trainings on various subjects including capacity building; recordkeeping; farmer group marketing and organization; farm planning; enterprise budgeting; credit management; bank account opening; contract management; and other subjects including hay entrepreneurship, village milk aggregation, and farm investments. Capacity building had the highest number of participants followed by recordkeeping, farmer group organization and group marketing. These training activities were very instrumental in preparing both beef and dairy village aggregators for sustainable formal milk marketing.
Table 3.3.1.7: Business Skills training by Subject, Q3 FY 2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 % % Subject Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Contract Management 56 71 127 44 0 1 1 0 Credit Management 32 19 51 63 8 2 10 80 Farm Planning 119 108 227 52 24 21 45 53 Recordkeeping 279 334 613 46 85 83 168 51
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Group Marketing 370 611 981 38 31 42 73 42 Enterprise Budgeting 73 121 194 38 17 17 34 50 Farmer Group Organization 155 153 308 50 48 36 84 57 Capacity Building 124 113 237 52 162 82 244 66 Bank Account Establishment 0 4 4 0 1 0 1 100 Other** 147 149 296 50 34 21 55 62 *Other subjects included hay cutting hay entrepreneurship; milk room investment; water Source: CIRIS investment and milk aggregation; Dendairy milk sampling
On capacity building, aggregators were assisted to identify efficient milk transportation systems. In Chirumhanzu, this kind of technical assistance helped village milk aggregator Sarah Ndodha to move from using public transport for milk transportation to hiring transporters solely for milk transportation to the market. The program guided the aggregators in negotiations through teaching them business analysis skills such as the breakeven analysis. Program assistance resulted in the aggregator managing to have a contract with two transporters who carried milk to the processor while another two were engaged on standby to prevent a scenario that once occurred when the regular transporter failed to show up for services after a vehicle breakdown. However, erratic fuel availability at service stations is threatening the milk value chain as fuel at the informal market is expensive with prices going up to $2 per liter. Work is in progress to increase production volumes to reduce the cost of milk transport per liter. 3.3.2: Promoting Adoption of Improved Technologies and Management Practices
In collaboration with key stakeholders and through private sector partnerships, the program continued to promote the adoption of low to no-cost GAPs and GAHPs, business practices, and technologies that enhance production and productivity; improve natural resources management; and increase resilience to climate shocks. Promotions, training, and technical events took cognizance of a whole farm approach. Trainings and technical assistance messages were sent through lead farmers, some mentee farmers, stakeholders, and private sector partners who continued with some face to face interactions with the rest of the beneficiaries within the confines of the regulations to prevent the spread of COVID -19. Training and technical messages were focusing on good animal husbandry practices to include fodder flow planning, production, harvesting, and conservation; good herd health management; clean milk production; construction of appropriate cattle and milk handling facilities; and breeding. EG.3.2-24 Number of individuals in the agriculture system who have applied improved technologies or management practices with USG assistance. EG.3.2-25 Number of hectares under improved management practices or technologies with USG assistance EG.3.2-28 Number of hectares under improved management practices or technologies that promote improved climate risk reduction and/or natural resources management with USG assistance Preliminary results from the first round AHS indicate that 96 percent of program beneficiaries (3,839) had applied improved technologies and management practices to their agricultural operations, which included beef and dairy enterprises as compared to 97 percent in FY2019. The survey results show that 48 percent of the adoptees were women and 20 percent youth. Improved fodder flow planning, production, harvesting, and conservation; good herd health management; clean milk production; construction of appropriate cattle and milk handling facilities; and breeding were some of the adopted technologies. The promoted technologies are effective, low to no-cost, and are essential prerequisites for the smallholder farmers to access the lucrative markets. This has resulted in high adoption rates. Fodder flow planning, production, harvesting, and conservation
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The program has managed to dispel the traditional notion that cattle and other livestock will fend for themselves by increasing farmers’ appreciation of the importance of supplying good nutrition to cattle throughout the year and making sure good cattle body condition is maintained even in the lean season. The program continued to train farmers on fodder flow budgeting and planning based on their herd sizes, cattle classes, production system, period of feeding, and available local and low-cost stock feeds. With good quality and adequate fodder, beneficiary farmers can judiciously supplement their cattle during the dry period. This enables cattle to have enough nutrition throughout the year to sustain breeding, healthy body condition scores, and milk production. Failure to provide adequate nutrition results in low calving percentages, low milk yields, and unhealthy animals succumbing to poverty related deaths, as well as degradation of the rangeland due to overgrazing. During the quarter, program beef and dairy beneficiaries across the program sites were busy harvesting, preserving, and stockpiling low cost feeds including planted fodder crops such as velvet bean, sunn hemp, sweet sorghum for silage, grasses and legumes for hay; crop residues and other crop by products such stover, and maize cobs; and nutritious pods and grass hay from the rangelands. Supplementary feeding of cattle helps to reduce overgrazing of the already degraded rangelands. In Umzingwane district, farmers embraced the training they received on supplementary feeding and low-cost stover beneficiation using urea. Following supplementary feeding trainings, eight farmers in wards 7, 13, and 20 invested in plastic and urea fertilizer to add value to their stover and treated 7 tons of stover at their homesteads. With the high cost of purchasing stock feed, the farmers prepared a low-cost feed to supplement their cattle during the critical leaner months. In Chipinge district, five farmers (80 percent women) made 20 tons of silage using sorghum and maize crop that succumbed to the dry spell. The silage together with hay, stover, and other low-cost feeds will be used to supplement cattle during the lean season. Beneficiairy farmer Joyce Deruko who, with program support, made silage for the third time since 2016, reckons that silage making reduces storage space requirements greatly. Twelve farmers in Chipinge treated about 12 tons of hay and stover with urea, thereby adding value to the poor roughages by increasing the crude protein from below 3 percent to between 12-14 percent as well as increasing the palatability and digestibility of the feed. Good herd health management During the quarter under review, the program trained farmers on disease prevention through cattle dipping, deworming, and vaccinations. Cattle across Chipinge district managed to dip twice on the government’s dip tanks and there have been reduced cases of animal wounds caused by tick bites. About 200 farmers with proper handling facilities managed to spray using program recommended and PERSUAP-compliant acaricides. About 200 farmers dewormed 2,400 cattle at farm level during the quarter. Castration was also done at farm level. Demonstrations were done through WhatsApp group discussions and videos in collaboration with resident DVS and AGRITEX extension officers. The village beef aggregators who also play para-vet roles coordinated the dosing and dipping of cattle. Program aggregator, Morgan Mavharingana coordinated the procurement of dipping chemicals as well as providing dipping services to other farmers at a fee. The self-dipping of cattle was on the increase as farmers now appreciate the importance of tick control in herd health management. To avoid crowds of people, activities were staggered in time as the activities were done over a period of several days. Farmers also did group buying of dosing remedies as buying in big volumes cuts costs. Three beef-dairy farmers in Gokwe South have taken the lead in getting their cattle vaccinated by buying vaccine vials that inoculate 50 cattle per vial. One of the farmers, Method Muvivi, took a leading role in facilitation of disease prevention and control alongside Department of Veterinary Services Officer Ndaiziveyi Mbudzi and vaccinated 50 cattle against Blackleg and Anthrax diseases, which are endemic in Gokwe South. Mavivi bought 50 doses of Blackleg and Anthrax vaccine worth $15. In Chipinge district, 10 calf pens were constructed by program beneficiaries who now realize the need to isolate calves from dams for increased milk production. The additional incomes from selling milk have challenged farmers to invest in calf pens. The pens will provide ideal shelter to calves and will
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prevent accidental injuries from mature cattle, and direct heat from the sun and rain. About 300 male calves have been castrated using rubber rings and dehorned using dehorning irons. The program’s partnership with SVP suffered heavily from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the national lockdown despite the continued presence of the SVP technicians on the ground. This was worsened by the absence of face to face interactions between the program staff and the SVP staff for continued capacity building and logistical support. A total of 35 beneficiaries (45 percent women) in and Gokwe South interacted with the SVP technicians and received trainings, technical assistance, and primary animal health care services including dipping, dosing, vaccinations, and disease identification compared to 261 beneficiaries (48 percent women) in the previous quarter. The program is continuing to offer remote capacity building to SVP. Clean milk production As Umzingwane village milk aggregators and beef-dairy farmers were preparing to supply milk to large- scale processors the program facilitated clean milk production training of milk producers in wards 13 and 20 through phone calls and WhatsApp. Technical messages and training materials focused on milk quality, hygienic practices in handling milk, and milk storage and testing processes. The farmers were encouraged to supplement their livestock with high protein feeds to improve milk quality; particularly protein, total solids, and butterfat. The program facilitated the adoption of good hygiene standards that include construction of proper handling facilities to include a milking parlor and milk room; access to potable water preferably running water; and use of proper milk handling equipment that includes stainless steel milking cans and a chilling facility by village milk aggregators and their producer groups. After meeting statutory requirements for hygienic milk production as stipulated in the Dairy Act7, five village milk aggregators – three in Gokwe South and two in Umzingwane – were certified by Dairy Services and are finalizing their contracts with the large-scale processors. With remote assistance from the program, three village milk aggregators (two women) from Gokwe South, Midlands had their solar systems upgraded by Rakiten Energy Solutions to help eliminate power challenges. The improved cold chains will allow the aggregators and their suppliers to milk twice a day, and also provide the ability to aggregate critical volumes over 2-3 days, reducing milk spoilage and transport costs. As part of their preparation process for supplying milk to Dendairy, the two new Umzingwane aggregators constructed milk rooms and washing sinks. One of the aggregators, Patrick Nkomo, who is still new to beef-dairy farming constructed a milking parlor to produce clean milk. The aggregators also installed washing bays with three sinks for washing all milking cans after milk receptions, as well as handwashing stations, and foot baths at the milk rooms’ entrance. Members of the milk producer groups across the country are at varying stages of constructing milking parlors and toilets at their homesteads as part of their preparations to meet the regulatory requirements. Dendairy and Dairibord are also training village milk aggregators and milk producer groups on good hygiene practices such as washing hands before entering the milk rooms and during milk supply; washing the cow udder with running water before and after milking, milking in a clean environment by having slurry heaps at least 30 meters away from the parlor, using fly traps, and washing the milking parlor and cans immediately after use. Three village milk aggregators in Gokwe South finalized their contracts with Dendairy this quarter and have already started to deliver milk to the large-scale processor Dendairy in Kwekwe. Preparations for formal milk marketing at Tagarika village in Chirumhanzu went smoothly with aggregator Tatendaishe Ukama renovating a milk reception room. The renovations included fitting a new metal door, foot bath, installation of utensil tanks with associated drainage works, window mesh, and interior painting. The facility was inspected by Dairy Services and certified ready for milk handling and bulking. Following the recommendations from Dairiboard, Ukama and his producer group are renovating their milking parlors to replace the grass thatched roofs with iron sheets.
7 The Dairy Act stipulates the statutory regulations that control the production and marketing of raw milk for selling in formal markets. The provisions of this act are there to enforce thr production of high quality milk which is clean and safe for human consumption.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Handling facilities The program continues to train farmers on construction and rehabilitation of cattle handling facilities, particularly overnight pens, hay racks, water and feed troughs, cattle races, and paddocks. Farmers were encouraged to establish paddocks to isolate female animals during breeding and to pen the animals during the summer months as a way of mitigating against the muddy pens. In Umzingwane, beneficiairy Busani Moyo invested in fence and has created a 1 hectare paddock. Douglas Masilela constructed a hay rack where he is feeding his in-calf dairy crosses, which are due to calve in July 2020 under zero grazing. In Chirumhanzu, four beef-dairy farmers in Tagarika village constructed zero grazing facilities for their milking cows. Use of these enclosures has seen milk production more than double from less than a liter to more than 2 liters per cow for beneficiairies Mazadza Tendai, Ukama Tatendaishe, and Mhondiwa Epiphania. Adopting zero grazing relies heavily on the fodder bank and farmers are now utilizing silage and hay made during the summer season. Last year, beneficiairy Margret Chiwawa could only afford to have one cow in the zero graze facility. As a result, she was able to increase her income through the sale of an increased volume of milk from that cow, and additionally, the cow is ready to calve down proving to be a win-win. Her other cow that was not in the zero graze is yet to conceive. Sixty-eight year old Esau Mabhena from Gweru, Midlands has improved cattle handling facilities (a three sectional pen, hay shed, and cattle race) at his homestead to improve the efficacy of routine management practices. The improved structures will enable easy and safe handling of animals, reduce incidences of human and animal injuries, and save time on routine management operations such as castration, dehorning, dosing, and vaccinations. Cattle handling facilities also enable women to more easily participate in livestock production. Mabhena’s wife is now able to practice all GAHPs without relying on his assistance. “Before program intervention, I had sub-standard structures, which compromised the efficiency of management operations,” said Mabhena. Breeding The program encourages farmers to improve their cattle breeds through artificial insemination (AI) or purchase of improved breed calves, heifers, in-calf females, and bulls. Village aggregators and beef- dairy farmers are already rationalizing their beef herds and investing in improved dairy breeds. Two beef-dairy farmers, Francisca Paramu and Thulani Moyo from Gweru, Midlands province and Umzingwane, Matabeleland South province respectively purchased two dairy crosses to boost their milk yields. The in-calf Brahman-Holstein heifers cost $500 and $700, respectively. The improved breeds can produce an average of 12-20 liters per day. The recent purchase increases Paramu’s quality dairy cows to nine from none when she started interacting with the program in 2015. The program is also encouraging both beef and dairy farmers to adopt AI as a low-cost and adaptable technology to improve their breeds. The program in collaboration with private sector partners Dairibord and SVP continued to provide technical training on AI and encouraged farmers to have the necessary cattle handling facilities such as seclusion pens, paddocks, cattle races, adequate feed, and feed and water troughs. Smallholder farmers delivering milk to Dairibord are now receiving technical extension services, including AI services from the processor. Farmers delivering milk to Gokwe MCC are also receiving veterinary and breeding services from AI service providers affiliated with the center. These arrangements ensure the sustainability of the breeding services long after the program ends.
Wide scale adoption of the AI technology is, however, constrained by poor access to services and inputs such as cold chain, semen, potable semen tanks and nitrogen gas to freeze the semen, long sleeve insemination gloves and guns, lubricants, drugs for synchronizing heat, and AI service providers. Well-developed AI service providers are in the major cities and there is a need to decentralize the AI service provision.
3.3.3 Increasing Investment in Agricultural Assets and Technologies Increased investment is the predominant source of economic growth in the agricultural sector. Private sector investment is critical because it indicates that the investment is perceived to provide a positive financial return and therefore is likely to lead to sustainable increases in agricultural production and Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 28
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
productivity and ultimately feed into the project goals of increasing incomes, increasing food security, as well as build farmers’ resilience to shocks and stresses. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program engages and collaborates with private sector commercial companies to build sustainable business relationships among value chain actors. Private sector partners are engaged to finance some developmental facets of the value chain such as technical days to showcase new technologies. The program also encourages farmers to invest in productive assets for increased production and productivity. During the review period, 19 program participants (42 percent women) received training and technical assistance on how to make sound investments in the agricultural sector compared to 166 trainees (52 percent women) in the previous quarter. During the reporting period, the program facilitated farmer engagements between Rakiten Energy Solutions, a solar installation company that also specializes in selling and installing solar accessories, and Kumboedza Women’s Group, an all women Production Productivity Lending and Savings (PPLS) group based in Chipinge. The program also facilitated the linkage of farmers to borehole drilling companies, local abattoirs, and cattle breeders. The prevailing harsh economic conditions characterized by high inflation, as well as inconsistent and unfavorable fiscal and monetary policies have resulted in many financial institutions holding back on new credit disbursements. The situation has also been made worse by the COVID-19 related movement restrictions, which resulted in poor access by farmers to formal markets, an increase in transport costs and agricultural inputs and other services that include face to face trainings, and technical assistance. Results from the program’s market survey (The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Beneficiaries of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program) showed that production costs increased due to increase in on-farm input prices and marketing costs, mainly transport related. This reduced net returns for producers and has long-term negative impacts on investments, production, productivity, and volume of sales. EG.3.1-14 Value of new USG commitments and private sector investment leveraged by the USG to support food security and nutrition During the review period, farmers and the private sector continued to leverage on USG commitments made in previous quarters and invested $9,797 compared to $7,007 in the previous quarter, a 40 percent increase despite the plethora of the COVID-19 pandemic related challenges farmers were facing. Farmers made investments in milk room construction, borehole drilling, solar system upgrades, chaff cutters, and working capital to improve the production and productivity of their farms and businesses. These investments were made by 13 village aggregators (54 percent women) in Chipinge, Gokwe South, Chirumhanzu, and Umzingwane districts. The continued investment by the beef-dairy farmers and the village milk aggregators is an indication of resilience to shocks and stresses as well as the sustainability of program interventions.
All 17 village milk aggregators across program dairy hubs benefited a total of $57,577 in investment from the program facilitated GUC facility to install solar systems for milk cold chain. In addition, seven operational aggregators invested a total of $7,000 in upgrading their cold chain solar systems in order to increase their milk holding capacity from 80 liters to 200 liters per aggregator. LD 18 Number of individuals who have invested in agriculture as a result of USG assistance LD 19 Value of individual investments made in agriculture as a result of USG assistance The program continued to encourage beneficiaries to use part of their proceeds from cattle and milk sales to invest in assets such as breeding cows and heifers; bulls; hay sheds; milking sheds; milking cans; boreholes; water pumps and related irrigation equipment; deep wells; improved pastures; water reservoirs; fencing; chaff cutters; milk chillers; and cattle handling facilities among other crucial assets for increased production efficiencies.
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Despite the COVID-19 induced restricted movements and depressed market environment, 26 beef and dairy farmers (62 percent women) from Umzingwane, Gokwe South, Gweru and Chipinge made investments worth $16,027. In Umzingwane, Matabeleland South, beneficiairy Nkosana Nyirenda invested $2,700 in improving his household’s access to water by drilling a 60-meter borehole after being linked to Nile Drilling Company. Nyirenda used $1,950 worth of proceeds earned from the sale of his five cattle with the balance coming from horticultural produce proceeds. Dzingirai Juwere and Douglas Masilela invested in chaff cutters worth $1,200 and $750 respectively. In Gweru, Midlands, Phillip Maroora drilled a 70-meter borehole worth $3,000 with proceeds from the sale of eight cattle. In the same district, Francisca Paramu bought a brush cutter for $150 from milk sales proceeds. In Gokwe South, Midlands, five farmers invested in solar upgrading for a total of $5,000 where they bought additional solar panels and batteries to upgrade their solar systems and increase power output. One farmer constructed a feed bunker worth $215. In addition, 15 farmers from Chipinge, Manicaland invested $2,112 in the construction of milk rooms, solar upgrading, heifer procurement and breeding goats. 3.3.4 Increasing Access to Finance and Credit Access to credit and finance is essential for commercialization of smallholder beef and dairy farmers as it enables farmers to invest in technologies and management systems that increase production and meet market standards (quality and safety) leading to increased incomes and food security. The lack of access to financial capital is frequently cited as a major impediment to the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), thus helping MSMEs access finance is likely to increase investment and the value of output (production in the case of farmers; and value added for agricultural processing). This will directly contribute to the expansion of markets, increased agricultural productivity, and reduction in the prevalence of poverty. Facilitating access to financial loans for a diverse range of players within the focus value chains will provide improved access to business development and financial services. This in turn will help expand agricultural production, markets, and trade, which will help achieve the key objective of inclusive agriculture sector growth. In turn, this contributes to goals of reducing both poverty and hunger. Tracking the amount and flow of capital loans to diverse players along the beef and dairy value chains helps in determining the direction and level of investment and capital formation, essential attributes for economic growth. EG.4.2-7 Number of individuals participating in group-based savings, micro-finance or lending programs with USG assistance The program facilitated 22 beef and dairy farmers (82 percent women) from Chipinge and Gokwe South to access agriculture-related loans worth $6,425 during the review period. Female beneficiaries accessed 77 percent of the total value of loans. The number of individuals accessing loans remains subdued due to the poor performing economy where many financiers have held back financing. The situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in a lockdown of the economy. The reporting period coincides with the period where strict measures to contain the spread of the virus were implemented hence slowing down economic activities. In Gokwe South, the program facilitated a financing engagement between five village milk aggregators and Rakiten Energy Solutions. Each of the five aggregators received $1,000 loans for upgrading their solar systems. The loan tenure is for two months with no interest charges. In Chipinge, nine beef farmers (100 percent women) accessed $225 from Kumboedza Women’s Group to finance investment in small livestock- goats. Rakiten Energy Solutions also extended loans to eight farmers (63 percent women) in Chipinge worth $1,200. The loans were accessed toward financing the repair of boreholes and maintenance of cold chain solar systems.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
EG.3.2-27 Value of agriculture – related financing accessed as result of USG assistance The total value of loans accessed by 22 farmers (82 percent women) from Rakiten Energy Solutions and Kumboedza Women’s Group was $6,425. Farmers used the loans to upgrade their solar chilling facilities; investing in small livestock and as working capital for facilitating transportation of service providers for repairing borehole and solar systems. LD 8 Percent of beneficiaries borrowing at least once to finance the purchase of livestock or other capital investments During the review period, 14 beneficiaries (64 percent) accessed loans worth $5,225 for the purchase of livestock and capital investment. This is compared to two farmers (6 percent) who accessed $67 in the previous quarter. Financial institutions did not disburse any loans during the COVID-19 national lockdown. Only one PPLS group disburbed loans ($225) to members to procure goats as a stepping stone to cattle ownership. The GUCs facility enabled the program to facilitate and nurture sustainable relationships between the farmers and input suppliers as well as output buyers (see ANNEX 1: Beef- Dairy And Village Aggregation Models Showcasing Farmers’ And Value Chain Resilience). 3.4 IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HYGIENE STATUS Nutrition and WASH messages and activities were shared among beneficiary beef and dairy farmers, with most farmers having been reached through WhatsApp groups, text messages as well as voice calls due to COVID-19 lockdown and travel restrictions. The activities were integrated into the livestock technical activities, focusing on improving household dietary diversity and improving household hygiene, handwashing, use of sanitation facilities, use of safe water as well as overall household cleanliness through safe disposal of household waste. Activities and results achieved under each component during the review period are summarized below. 3.4.1 Improving Household Utilization of Nutritious Foods A total of 489 beneficiaries (60 percent women) across the six operational districts participated in program facilitated nutrition training and activities during the review period (Table 3.4.1.1). These trainings included food groups, meal demonstrations, and diverse nutrition garden establishments at household level (Table 3.4.1.2).
Table 3.4.1.1 : Nutrition Trainings by District, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY2020 Q3 FY2020 District Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Women
Chipinge 973 41 276 65 399 574 180 96
Chirumhanzu 210 54 46 113 97 36 43 79
Gokwe South 39 59 49 23 16 24 25 49
Gweru 253 45 43 115 138 13 17 30
Kwekwe 40 55 92 22 18 12 1 13
Umzingwane 94 55 62 52 42 26 16 42
Total 45 60 724 885 1,609 291 198 489 Source: CIRIS
Table 3.4.1.1.2 : Nutrition Trainings by Subject, Q3 FY2020
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Q2 FY2020 Q3 FY2020 Subject % Female Male Total Female Male Total % Women Women
Food Demonstrations 22 18 40 55 16 11 27 59
Food Groups 422 478 900 47 93 73 166 56
Nutrition Gardens 373 378 751 50 219 153 372 59
Value Addition 269 315 584 46 82 57 139 59
Other* 98 103 201 49 23 11 34 68 *Other nutrition subjects include food security; World Milk Day; postharvest Source: CIRIS technology; cropping calendar; Pfumvudza plot establishment During the review period, the program reached 166 farmers (56 percent women) with training on food groups, which encourages the consumption of at least five out of nine food groups. The program used WhatsApp platforms to share pictorials on the food groups and messages on healthy eating habits. Pictorials were shared through the lead farmers, and a small number of other farmers with smartphones, who cascaded these messages to farmers in their groups. Meal demonstrations were conducted to support preparation of nutrient dense Photo by Fintrac meals for family consumption. This was Matildah Ukama and her grandchildren in Chirumhanzu done through online sharing of various district, enjoying nutrient dense pumpkin porridge recipes as well as trainings conducted by consisting of four food groups. the lead farmers in their respective districts. Everyday consumption of milk through inclusion of milk in various foods continued to be encouraged. Farmers were also encouraged to set aside some milk for household consumption prior to sales. The World Milk Day (which is on June 1st every year) was commemorated across all the operational districts (See Text Box 3.4.1.1).
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Text box 3.4.1.1 World Milk Day Celebrations Despite circumstances resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers across all operational districts celebrated the annual World Milk Day on June 1, 2020. Farmers demonstrated program acquired knowledge of various ways to include milk in nutrient dense meals. Different milk meals were created using sweet potatoes, butternut, sorghum, banana, and spinach. The milk meals were also shared on social media platforms, with farmers sharing videos and images of the meals they had prepared with their families via program facilitated WhatsApp groups. Village milk aggregator Bennita Chidhaya of Gokwe South District organized milk recipe demonstrations with her milk suppliers from members of Wadzanai Dairy Producer Group. Chidhaya used different milk recipes comprising of butternut, bananas, sweet potatoes, and chicken to educate her members on how to incorporate milk in household nutrition. Similar demonstrations were also held in Chirumhanzu district with three dairy farmer producer groups: Bata Pako, Tagarika, and Kuwirirana.
“Traditionally most people consume milk in hot beverages such as coffee and tea. After the demonstrations farmers appreciated the many ways of using milk in their everyday recipes and the many ways they can consume milk. Beef farmers and beef-dairy adopted the milking practice for household consumption to diversify their food group aiming to surpass the recommended five food groups,” said Chidhaya.
Preliminary data from the first round of the FY2020 annual household survey is indicating a milk consumption prevalence of 65 percent compared to 62 percent in FY2019 and 22 percent in the baseline survey.
A total of 372 farmers (59 percent women) participated in program facilitated establishment of horticulture gardens. The promotion of horticulture gardens aims to improve the access and utilization of diverse farm produce in addition to the commonly grown cereals; increase farmers income from sale of surplus produce; and improve overall food security among the program beneficiaries. Farmers’ investment in water played a critical role as it allowed a wide range of irrigable vegetable production ranging from tomatoes, dark green leafy vegetables, carrots, beetroot, and sugar beans.
All Photos by Fintrac Left: Saineti Miriam of Chipinge in her nutrition garden which will be able to supply dietary diversity to the family. Right: Angeline Garwe (in a face mask) in successfully established one hectare nutrition garden.
During the review period, more than 500 farmers managed to establish diverse nutrition gardens either as backyard gardens or in community gardens in Chipinge district. In Chirumhanzu district, an estimated 60 farmers also diversified their gardens. The program recommends a combination of at least three food groups in a nutrition garden.
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The program continued to provide technical assistance Text box 3.4.1.2 Farmers invest in small livestock to boost and agronomic trainings to family nutrition and increase incomes. Prior to joining the program, the majority of members of the Kumboedza farmers’ established maize Women’s group in Chipinge district had no livestock. However, with under irrigation using the program interventions members used PPLS groups as a vehicle to access “Pfumvudza plot” model.8 funding and now all members have goats, chickens and a few have bought The maize from these plots cattle. The group members borrowed money to buy chickens, which they will help improve household subsequently sold and bought goats. Fiona Hlatywayo, a 21-year-old youth food security and farmers’ joined the group recently and was advanced a loan that she used to buy a incomes. goat. The PPLs have also been used extensively to fund vaccination and more than 10,000 doses of Newcastle disease vaccine have been The program also administered. This has led to enhanced production that has promoted encourages the rearing of both incomes and household nutrition. Ester Musevenzo of Deruko PPLS small livestock to improve in lower Chipinge is positive that the numerous chickens in their area are dietary diversity as well as a result of prompt vaccinations. Farmers in Chirumanzu, Gweru, and increase incomes. During Umzingwane districts have also embarked in poultry rearing and egg the review period, farmers production for home consumption and sale to their neighbors. shared, via WhatsApp groups, best practices on managing and raising small livestock including rabbits, poultry, sheep, and goats. The program also provided technical assistance (via texts, WhatsApp, and phone calls) on good husbandry practices for increasing production and productivity of small livestock. Small livestock provide four food groups: fleshy foods, vitamin-rich organ meat, eggs, and milk. Women are using PPLS groups to raise capital for investing in goats and chickens as well as funding the procurement of veterinary drugs such as dips and vaccines. (see Text Box 3.4.1.2). Farmers were encouraged to hygienically preserve and stockpile fruits and vegetables for the lean period by taking advantage of the abundant supply of seasonal produce. The program continued to provide technical assistance on value addition and safe methods of preserving various fruits and vegetables. During the period, 18 households from six community garden groups in Chipinge district hygienically dried 50 kilograms of vegetables after receiving training on value adding vegetables. 3.4.2 Child health and Nutrition Due to the COVID-19 lockdown and restricted movements, only six unique beneficiaries were trained on child health and nutrition in Chipinge and Umzingwane districts. The program child health and nutrition messages targeted households with infants through text messages and calls. The messages mainly focused on child growth monitoring, infant feeding, and maternal health. Messaging focused on diversity in the childrens’ diet, recommended texture of food, and provided guidance on amounts of foods to offer depending on age (from 6 to 23 months). Milk meal recipes were also shared with mothers to improve dietary diversity among children below 24 months and daily consumption of milk. Healthy maternal eating habits were also encouraged.
Table 3.4.2 : Child Health and Nutrition Training by District, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 % % District Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Chipinge 248 418 666 37 2 2 4 50 Chirumhanzu 34 23 57 60 0 0 0 0
8 Pfumvudza, which literally means “new season” is a farming approach based on key principles of conservation and intensive farming for higher yields. Smallholder farmers are encouraged to establish smaller plots in rectangular blocks measuring 16m x 39m (52 rows) which they can easily manage at high standards to ensure improved yields. Maize is planted at 75cm x 60cm spacing to make it possible for a family to harvest a bucket of grain from each of the 52 rows; 52 buckets for the 52 weeks in a year (Foundation for Farming, Zimbabwe). Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 34
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Gokwe South 3 2 5 60 0 0 0 0 Gweru 1 1 2 50 0 0 0 0 Kwekwe 8 2 10 80 0 0 0 0 Umzingwane 22 12 34 65 1 1 2 50
Total 41 50 316 458 774 3 3 6 Source: CIRIS Identification and interaction with this beneficiary group is usually done during the field visits, technical assistance, and training sessions through regular checks on child health cards for growth patterns and immunization status (including vitamin A supplementation), technical assistance on proper latching on, as well as timing and frequency of breastfeeding and practical food demonstrations of preparation of nutrient dense meals for infants. 3.4.3. Improving Hygiene Behaviors Six hygiene behaviors among beneficiary households are tracked to assess improvement. These include handwashing with cleansing agent at four critical moments; handwashing stations with cleansing agent and water within 10 paces of latrines; disposal of solid household waste in protected pits; use of recommended water treatment/purification technologies; storage of drinking water in safe containers; and disposal of all faeces including the children’s in a toilet/latrine. Households consistently practicing at least four of these six behaviors are regarded as exhibiting good hygiene practices. Table 3.4.3: WASH Trainings by District, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 District % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women
Chipinge 41 64 337 478 815 192 108 300
Chirumhanzu 50 45 108 110 218 36 44 80 Gokwe 49 50 South 81 84 165 25 25 50
Gweru 46 38 116 138 254 13 21 34
Kwekwe 55 66 41 34 75 19 10 29
Umzingwane 54 57 77 65 142 36 27 63
Total 760 909 1,669 46 321 235 556 58 Source: CIRIS Encouraging handwashing with detergent at 5 critical moments (before preparing food, before eating, after toilet use, after removing diapers, before milking) The program encourages handwashing with detergent at five critical moments. Construction of handwashing stations 10 paces from the toilet, milking parlors, as well as dishwashing stations was encouraged.
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During the review period, 445 farmers (58 percent women) received training on optimal handwashing as the main mitigating activity in preventing diarrhea and other infections. Leveraging on these, the program intensified the messaging on handwashing with liquid soap and included the practice of social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Farmers appreciated the importance of handwashing with detergents and the trainings they received from the program on liquid soap making. Some farmers used the lockdown as the opportunity to market their liquid soap for handwashing hence encouraging one another to adhere to WHO COVID-19 recommendations. Farmers were also encouraged to have optimal Photo by Fintrac handwashing stations at the gates of their homesteads to Dairy Services Officer washing hands before allow those entering their homesteads to wash their hands. entering Milk Room in Umzingwane district. There was increased adoption of the tippy tap in Chirumhanzu district by farmers from Zezai, Batanai, Tagarika, and Rusununguko villages, with 100 households having constructed the simple devices during the review period, providing hygienic hand washing in rural areas where running water is not available. In Gokwe South, three farmers who supply milk to aggregator Bennita Chidhaya, also constructed handwashing facilities. Village milk aggregators were also encouraged to establish a handwashing station at their milk rooms so that suppliers are able to wash hands before entering. The program integrates dairy and WASH practices to ensure production of good quality milk. Adoption of the beef-dairy model has positively contributed to improved hygiene practices among beneficiaries. Raw milk marketing into formal markets requires good hygienic handling practices during pre- and postharvest stages. Good hygienic practices around the whole farm thus minimizes milk contamination. Encouraging disposal of all feces including the children’s in a toilet/latrine The program continued to encourage the construction of low-cost, simple, upgradable toilet structures to ensure rapid and spontaneous behavior change and adoption of the practice among beneficiaries. Beneficiaries received training and technical assistance on human waste disposal as well as the adverse economic effects of open defecation on beef and dairy incomes. Access to a basic sanitation facility was one of the pre-requisites for supplying milk to formal markets. Village milk aggregators were encouraged to collaborate with all of their milk suppliers in ensuring adequate on- farm basic sanitation facilities as well as adhering to the good hygiene practices. Good hygienic practices at the primary production level ensure safe raw milk as well as lowering the risks of rejection by processors. Three beef-dairy farmers supplying milk to aggregator Bennita Chidhaya in Gokwe South are at various stages of toilet construction. Upgrading of toilet structures to Blair or pit latrines continued throughout the six operational districts as farmers invested part of their increased incomes from beef and dairy value chains. The first round of the Annual Household Survey conducted in March 2020 indicated that 95 percent of households across the six operational districts had access to functional toilets or latrines. Encouraging the use of safe sources of drinking water and recommended water treatment/purification technologies Farmers were urged to invest in safe sources of water for livestock as well as improved hygiene and sanitation in the home. Beneficiaries were also encouraged to treat drinking water using simple methods such as boiling and using aqua tablets to safeguard their families from cholera and other water-borne diseases. Safe containers for storage of water for household use were encouraged. 3.5 IMPROVING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS Partnerships with providers of finance and credit; market actors; and other service providers and development practitioners are a key part of the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 36
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program’s approach to commercialization of small-scale farmers. Engaging commercial companies ensures market-led program interventions and cost-shared alliances to deliver products and services. The strategy is to engage private sector partners to not only purchase product or supply inputs, but also to finance some developmental facets of the value chain. Buyers, input suppliers, and financial institutions have in-house expertise in beef and dairy production, quality standards, and market specifications that they can transfer to smallholder producers. Through Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) and explanations of mutual benefit, some of the buyers and input suppliers listed in Annexes 3 and 4 transacted with Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. The Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program’s contract includes a component to build the capacity of local organizations to effectively implement USAID-funded agricultural development activities. Such organizations include LEAD Trust and other organizations partnering with both the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Crop Development and Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development programs. Other capacity development support was provided to MCCs working with program beneficiaries; village milk aggregators; small scale milk processors; farmer groups; and ISALs/PPLS. Results on the specific capacity development activities carried out with these partner organizations are detailed below. LD 36 Number of for-profit private enterprises, producer organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG food security related organizational development assistance During the period under review, 28 organizations/associations received technical assistance to build their capacity to manage key business functions. The organizations included 10 village milk aggregators, two hay entrepreneurs, three private sector enterprises, 12 producer organisations, and one women’s group. Training and technical assistance focused on group, business, and leadership skills; market linkages; planning (budgeting, action planning, and financial accounting); and marketing (collective input procurement and product consolidation). The highlights of the outcome from these trainings are summarized below: • Village milk aggregators: Ten village milk aggregators from Gokwe South, Chirumhanzu, Umzingwane, and Gweru received technical assistance on milk aggregation and marketing covering supplier mobilization and management; negotiation skills; market linkages; group marketing; producer database management; recordkeeping; and enterprise budgeting. The village milk aggregators were also provided with technical assistance on hygienic handling of milk and mobilizing suppliers to produce milk volumes high enough to cover operational costs and achieve a profit margin. Livestock producer groups: Twelve livestock producer groups (five beef and seven dairy) received trainings on group buying models, market linkages, and dairy marketing. The program is promoting group cohesion and good planning among producer groups to improve their capacity to monitor, evaluate, and coordinate their activities with minimum program supervision. Hay entrepreneurs: The program assisted youth farmers in Gokwe South, Anastacia Nhombo and Tapiwa Sibanda, on commercializing hay production. Farmers were given technical assistance on hay cutting, entrepreneurship, market linkages, cost benefit analysis, marketing, and recordkeeping. The program encouraged the youth farmers, who do not own land, to gain access to land through leasing. Through Tashinga Youth group, the program is promoting the inclusion and active participation of youth farmers into both beef and dairy value chains. Private sector companies: The program remotely assisted three private enterprises Windmill, MC Meats, and Koala Park Abattoir in Chipinge district on engaging new beef farmers. In addition, using the village beef aggregation model, the program also empowered beef farmers in Chirumhanzu, Kwekwe, and Gweru to consolidate beef cattle for sale to lucrative meat processors. Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 37
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Women’s group: The program provided technical assistance to Shingai PPLS in Chipinge district, Manicaland province on banking, mobile money transacting, and improving their marketing and negotiation skills. The group has been empowered to respond to the prevailing hyper-inflation and have resorted to saving and lending money in foreign currency. As an exit strategy, and working in collaboration with the stakeholders AGRITEX and DVS, the program facilitated the application for a Matching Grant Facility being rolled out by We Effect under the Zimbabwe Agricultural Growth Program (2020) for village aggregators to procure vehicles. Twelve village milk aggregators applied for the Matching Grants. This will help improve the transportation of the milk from the aggregators to the processors and to improve the margins of their dairy businesses.
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4. ENVIRONMENT
All program activities are based on good animal, agricultural, and business practices that have positive environmental outcomes. In addition, the commercialization approach, which underpins all program activities, focuses on profitable and sustainable agricultural production. This, in itself is a key adaptation to any climatic change. Program interventions are designed to have a positive impact on the environment and are also screened for compliance with US government and Zimbabwean environmental, agrochemical, and food safety regulations. The program continued to promote strategies that help beneficiary farmers cope with climate change and ensure environmental sustainability. Interventions promoted included tree and fodder planting, and management; rangeland management; safe use of chemicals and safe disposal of chemical containers and other non-biodegradable waste; fly control; control of noxious plants; and soil conservation among many others. In addition, the program encouraged farmers to invest in production and productivity- enhancing low-cost renewable and clean sources of energy. Key highlights are summarized below. Tree planting: The program continued to promote the establishment and maintenance of orchards and fodder trees. Existing and new tree nurseries were maintained and established around the centres of excellence with the intention of planting out at the onset of adequate rains. The maintenance of established trees focused on the increased use of grey water to irrigate the trees as well as protecting them from livestock and pests. Farmers were also trained on harvesting and preserving feed from fodder trees such as mulberry for cattle feeding.
Photo by Fintrac Douglas Masilela with dried mulberry branches for use as cattle feed.
Rangeland management: Farmers, especially dairy farmers were encouraged to fence off part of their farms to create paddocks. Paddocks make it easier for grazing management. During the reporting period, nine beef-dairy farmers (six women) from Chirumhanzu and Umzingwane districts, respectively, have invested in paddocks and adopted zero grazing management for their milking cows. The success of the technology is premised on the ability of the farmers to reinforce the fodder quality in the paddocks, monitor and control grazing, and bulk up forage for their cattle without the tragedy associated with the communal use of the rangelands and other natural resources. The program also conducted rangeland management trainings focusing on addressing issues of overstocking, deforestation, reinforcement, bush encroachment, wild fires, and soil erosion.
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Safe use of chemicals and safe disposal of chemical containers: Beneficiary farmers were encouraged to continue using PERSUAP-compliant chemicals on their livestock and horticultural crops, as well as wearing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling chemicals. In addition, farmers were implored to store chemicals in clearly labeled containers within locked rooms out of reach from children and dispose all used chemical containers correctly as per the PERSUAP guidelines. Fly control: With the increase in commercial dairying among program beneficiaries, it has become mandatory to strategically install and maintain functional fly traps in overnight pens, milking parlors, calf pens, and around homesteads. Fly control is one of the basic hygienic requirements for dairy farmers. The program equipped farmers with skills to make low-cost but effective fly traps. The simple fly traps are made from 2-liter plastic container which are cut and mounted at strategic positions and filled with decomposing matter to attract and trap flies. Soil erosion: The program continued to raise awareness on soil erosion and mitigation methods. Innovative but simple practices such as fodder conservation and roughage ammoniation for supplementary feeding were promoted to help reduce the impact of livestock grazing on the already degraded rangelands. It was also noted that the entire operational areas are under stress from livestock movements as they roam around in search of the few waterholes in the areas leaving trails which expose the environment to erosion. Beneficiaries were encouraged to plant a variety of multi-purpose trees and pastures along water ways and slopes to combat soil erosion
4.1 TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
The program trained 273 farmers (63 percent women) on environmental subjects during the review period compared to 1,344 (42 percent women) in the previous quarter. The most popular training programs were woodlot/orchard establishment and use of adequate and appropriate PPEs when handling chemicals (Table 4.1.1).
Table 4.1.1: Environment Training by Subject, Q3 FY2020 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY2020 Subject Female Male Total % Women Female Male Total % Female Afforestation 2 1 3 67 10 15 25 40 Climate Change 278 516 794 35 10 2 12 83 Personal Protective 168 193 361 47 17 23 40 43 Equipment Pollution 8 10 18 44 0 0 0 0 Safe Disposal of 214 278 492 43 13 16 29 45 Chemicals Soil Erosion 38 42 80 48 6 4 10 60 Woodlot/Orchard 249 245 494 50 155 83 238 65 Establishment Other 9 12 21 43 0 0 0 0 Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program CIRIS
4.2 EMMP
The program monitored a randomly selected sample of 80 farmers (55 beef and 25 dairy) to assess for EMMP compliance. Telephone interviews were conducted with farmers to assess environmental compliance on activities related to animal husbandry, animal health, and animal handling facilities. The findings are compared to a sample of 80 farmers (55 dairy and 25 beef) from the previous quarter. Remote data collection and monitoring removed the element of observation and assessment by the field technician. To mitigate against this shortcoming, the EMMP data collection is conducted by following the same set of lead farmers who were interviewed in the previous quarters and Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 40
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enumerators are the resident field officers and are knowledgeable of the respondents’ farms. In addition, the recommendations that were made in the preceding in-person assessments were used as the reference points during this remote assessments. The following sections summarize the findings from the assessments. 4.2.1 Animal Husbandry Activities Table 4.2.1: Animal Husbandry Activities % Q2 % Q3 % Q2 % Q3 % Baseline % Baseline FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Dairy Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Is soil erosion a problem? 46 18 13 29 16 13 Are there signs of land 68 40 36 47 40 42 degradation/overgrazing? Are there signs of 56 36 36 35 48 46 deforestation? Is grazing management being 26 80 95 20 80 83 practiced? Does the farmer have a 9 87 88 47 84 83 woodlot/tree planting area? Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program Survey The program’s continued approach to integrate environmental and natural resource management issues with technical training and assistance has been instrumental in improving environmental management by beneficiaries at household and community levels. Results show significant improvements in grazing management by farmers especially in beef areas. Farmers took heed of program advice to harvest, preserve, and store feed for supplementary feeding during the lean season. Beef-dairy farmers in Chipinge, Chirumhanzu, Gweru, and Gokwe South have embraced paddocking and have further invested in establishing and fencing off their paddocks as they gain momentum in engaging in commercial dairy production. Reduction in incidences of overgrazing and land degradation in beef and dairy areas is evidence to reduced population pressures on the rangelands occasioned by purposive culling, paddocking and supplementary feeding of livestock. Deforestation remained low across the beef and dairy areas sampled with dairy areas recording a slight decrease in incidences compared to the previous quarter. Farmers were encouraged to maintain trees established in the previous quarter by using grey water and protecting the trees from livestock and pests.
4.2.2 Animal Health Activities Beneficiaries have continued to comprehend the economic value of their herd and are taking a proactive role in maintaining a healthy herd through consistently and regularly dipping their herds at farm level using PERSUAP-compliant chemicals (Table 4.2.2). Farmers continued to receive refresher trainings and technical assistance through digital platforms, which include telephone, text, and WhatsApp messaging on proper acaricide administration and other drug use. Table 4.2.2: Animal Health Activities % Q2 % Q3 % Q2 % Q3 % Baseline % Baseline FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Dairy Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Farmers using dips/chemical 100 100 100 94 100 100 remedies?
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% Q2 % Q3 % Q2 % Q3 % Baseline % Baseline FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Dairy Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Farmers or institutions using appropriate techniques and 78 100 100 82 96 100 equipment? Farmers or institutions with PPEs and use it when 58 100 100 65 92 92 spraying? Farmers or institutions 5 64 66 20 60 58 engaging a trained applicator? Farmers or institutions with chemicals or spraying 67 98 98 56 100 100 equipment locked and in labelled containers? Farmers or institutions disposing chemical 76 95 95 65 100 100 containers, injections, and plastics correctly? Farmers or institutions using pesticides that are PERSUAP 83 95 100 82 100 100 compliant? Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program Survey
This cost-cutting measure has resulted in a slight drop in the proportion of farmers or institutions hiring trained applicators to administer chemicals in dairy areas. The program encouraged farmers to use PERSUAP-compliant acaricides and pesticides especially in horticulture which is at peak during the reporting period. Farmers also continued to take heed of program advice on keeping chemicals under lock and key and in labelled containers, wearing PPEs when spraying, and disposing chemical containers, injections, and plastics properly.9 4.2.3 Animal Handling Facilities Farmers consider the security of their livestock as first priority when deciding where to locate overnight pens. Increased incidences of cattle theft in some areas has resulted in farmers constructing handling facilities close to homesteads for easy monitoring. In turn, the program has encouraged farmers to erect fly traps and construct drainage to divert effluent from the cattle handling facilities away from homesteads especially during the rainy season.
Table 4.2.3: Animal Handling Facilities % Q2 % Q3 % Q2 % Q3 % Baseline % Baseline FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Dairy Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Farmers with handling facilities site >30m from 86 82 88 87 80 79 dwellings
9 Farmers rinse any used container with water; perforate the container to render it useless for any purpose before burying the containers in a pit, one meter deep, away from water bodies and homesteads.
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% Q2 % Q3 % Q2 % Q3 % Baseline % Baseline FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 FY2020 Activity Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Practice- Beef Dairy Beef Beef Dairy Dairy Farmers or institutions with water runoff from facilities 95 100 100 93 100 100 diverted away from dwellings Farmers/institutes with water source (borehole, well) 95 96 96 92 96 96 >30m from livestock facilities Farmers/Institutions with separate access to water for 75 98 100 46 100 100 humans and animals Farmers/Institutions with area around water source 32 42 41 23 40 46 degraded Farmers/ using fly traps 5 65 71 7 84 88 Source: Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program Survey
The program is encouraging farmers to establish water sources (deep wells and boreholes) at the household level for home use and agricultural purposes including their livestock. In dairy areas, it is common for farmers to site their deep wells and boreholes close to handling facilities to reduce the labor and distances involved in watering their animals. The program encourages mitigation measures to reduce contamination, which include the construction of storm water drains that channel runoff water away from the deep wells and also protecting the wells by fencing them off and installing well covers. Increased investment in water sources and watering troughs at household and community level has improved the proportion of households with separate access to water for humans and animals and reduced incidences of land degradation around the water points.
Though farmers have improved on establishing separate water access for humans and animals in beef and dairy areas, land degradation continues to be witnessed around community water sources primarily caused by animal traffic around the sources in particular during this period when seasonal and perennial water sources normally used for watering livestock are drying up. Farmers and communities were encouraged to fence off human watering points in addition to building water troughs at more than 30 meters away from the water source to avoid contamination of the water source through seepage.
There has been an increase in the proportion of both beef and dairy farmers who have installed functional fly traps compared to the previous quarter. Strategically positioning fly traps around the farm is a prerequisite for dairy farmers, including village milk aggregators, producing and selling milk to formal markets. Regularly serviced fly traps are a low-to-no-cost green technology that ensures a hygienic milking environment and as such, the program is encouraging farmers to continue servicing fly traps year-round.
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5. GENDER The program is committed to gender integration and continues to assist female and male livestock farmers in all program areas to improve their quality of life through livestock production. During the reporting period, 614 farmers (56 percent women) were reached with program activities. Of these, 17 percent were youth aged 15-35 years. Summarized below are the program’s achievements in gender equity and empowerment of women and youth tracked through achievements in knowledge and skills training, access to markets, access to credit, ownership of productive assets, and participation in decision-making measured by the following indicators. • LD 37: Percent of female program beneficiaries in Text Box 5.1.1 Stepping Up Women’s relevant leadership positions. Financial Empowerment • GNDR-2: Percentage of female participants in USG assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic resources. • Youth-3: Percentage of participants in USG assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic resources that are youth (15-35) years 5.1 WOMEN LEADERS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LD 37: Percent of female program beneficiaries in relevant leadership positions.
The program continued to engage with stakeholders, community leaders, and farmers to raise gender awareness and to build the business case of women empowerment in livestock production. Female village milk aggregators, who previously used to make business Siyengiwe Machina from Gokwe South has defied transactions using cash, quickly switched to mobile cultural and traditional stereotypes by opening her money and took the opportunity to open bank first bank account in her own name. Machina, a village milk aggregator, needed a way of receiving accounts to gain financial freedom (See Text Box 5.1 and bank payments for her milk sales to Dendairy Annex 1: Social Inclusivity of Women and Youth Aides Zimbabwe Limited. She opened the account with Transformative Gender Integration in Livestock Production) concurrence from her husband as she began as well as to reduce risks of COVID-19 contamination selling to the formal market. Similarly the lives of four female village milk aggregators from Gokwe Female beneficiaries under the program continued to South and Chipinge (Lucia Zvidzai, Sunungurai break new ground and occupy leadership positions in Gadha, Miriam Sineti, and Perpetual Muzima) have been transformed after opening bank accounts in beef and dairy farming. At the end of the review period, their names as a requirement to supply milk to 54 percent of leadership positions in beef and dairy Dairibord Zimbabwe and Dendairy Zimbabwe marketing groups, lead farmers, and grass-root Limited. These women testify their new found producer associations working with the program were financial freedom and decision making that has occupied by female farmers from a baseline of 36 contributed to improving household welfare and enabled them to expand their dairy enterprises, percent. Of the 122 functional program lead farmers, pay for diverse foods, educate children, and pay 52 percent are women. The program’s lead farmers medical bills as well as reduce risk of COVID-19 provide a pivotal point for articulation and showcasing infection. According to Siyengiwe Machina, “I am program activities, decision-making, and command very proud that this is my very first bank account respect in their communities. in my name, and it will allow me to make decisions and grow my dairy business, and improve my family welfare without constraints.”
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5.2 WOMEN AND YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TRAINING As the program transitioned to remote support of farmers due to COVID-19, participation of women was supported by encouraging female farmers to learn how to use smartphones, make voice recording messages, take pictures, and share information. This quarter, 241 farmers (66 percent women) received COVID-19 and gender-based violence related messages and information. In addition, 271 farmers (66 percent women) were trained on women empowerment and social inclusion (Table 5.2.1). Table 5.2.1: Gender and Youth Training by Subject, Q3 FY 2019 Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 Training Subject % % Female Male Total Female Male Total Women Women Gender Mainstreaming 1 2 3 33 5 0 5 100 Women and Youth Empowerment 745 906 1,651 45 161 110 271 59 Gender Concepts 132 132 264 50 44 46 90 49 Leadership and Conflict Resolution 32 15 47 68 19 11 30 63 Other* 23 21 44 52 158 83 241 66 *Other subjects include GBV and COVID-19 awareness Source: CIRIS
5.2.2 Youth Participation The program works with youth (15-35 years) to help them Figure 5.1 Proportion of youth beneficiary farmers identify gainful entrepreneurship opportunities in beef and dairy value chains. The approach engages youth farmers to view Youth agribusiness as a career and provides targeted trainings to 17% improve skills, knowledge, and information in technical, leadership, and business skills. Youth beneficiaries are involved as primary producers, animal health service providers, transporters, aggregators of produce, and employees (Text Box 5.2.2.). During the review period, 105 youth farmers received Adults program assistance, representing 17 percent of the total 614 83% beneficiaries (See Figure 5.1). Youth members of beneficiary households are playing an important role, in the wake of COVID-19, through information dissemination to their parents as the program is tapping into digital platforms through smartphones for delivering technical assistance via text messaging and WhatsApp .
Text Box 5.2.2: Youth dairy farmers showing potential in dairy farming.
Young farmers are stepping up and increasingly showing potential in dairy farming. Nineteen-year- old Moses Mandhlazi from Chipinge district recently set the record for the highest daily volume delivery after delivering 102 liters of milk. Currently, he receives milk from 11 producers, 10 of whom are women. At the current price and rates, the aggregators are collectively realizing an average of $111 per delivery and this is set to rise as cow productivity and producer base continues to increase. In Chirumhanzu, 22 year old Tatendaishe Ukama with support from seasoned dairy farmer and mother Angela Hamadziripi renovated one of their two rooms into a milk room to increase efficiency of their dairy enterprise. This investment will ensure an accessible market for 10 other milk producers in Tagarika village and increase incomes for not only Hamadziripi and her son but for the community as well. The renovations included fitting a new metal door, foot bath, installation of utensil tanks with associated drainage works, window mesh and interior painting. Ukama is now set to start delivering milk to Dairibord after the milk room was inspected and accredited by Dairy Services for formal milk marketing.
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5.4 INVESTMENT AND OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTIVE ASSETS The program continued its work with smallholder farmers, especially female farmers to enable them to access, control, and own productive assets as a pathway to increased production and productivity, incomes, and sustainability. Below are some of the success stories of investments by female farmers in productive assets during the review period. 5.4.1 Female farmer cattle ownership Although cattle ownership remains largely a male domain due to traditional and cultural reasons, gender teachings and increased awareness on the benefits of inclusive livestock production has contributed to gradual changes in negative attitudes toward female ownership of cattle. Violet Tapera from Chipinge, Manicaland, is now enjoying the benefits of owning cattle after the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program helped to change cultural beliefs that disallowed women’s participation in livestock production. Prior to program intervention, women were limited to owning small stock (chicken, rabbits, and goats) that were of nominal value. But after the program’s encouragement of gender equality messaging, it is now culturally acceptable for women such as Tapera to own cattle. Tapera now owns eight of her household’s 17 cattle. Her involvement in livestock production has eased the family’s financial burden and improved their nutritional status. Similarly, two members (one of whom is the group’s chairperson) of Kumboedza 12-member women’s group from Chipinge, Manicaland, now own cattle in their names while the rest own goats, after investing group savings in individual poultry projects as a springboard to cattle ownership. Eliza Mhlanga’s cow has since calved down, inspiring the group’s new recruit, 21-year-old Fiona Hlatywayo, to buy a goat using her first loan of $25. (See Annex 1: Social Inclusivity of Women and Youth Aides Transformative Gender Integration in Livestock Production) Likewise, Francisca Paramu from Midlands purchased an in-calf Brahman-Holstein heifer for $500 to boost her milk yields. The improved breed can produce up to 20 liters of raw milk per day. The recent purchase increases Paramu’s quality dairy cows to nine, a rapid growth since 2017 when she started dairy by milking her beef cattle. The program encourages farmers to invest in productive assets to increase their production, productivity, profitability, and ultimately resilience to shocks and stressors. 5.4.2 Female farmer investments in productive assets The program promotes equitable access to productive assets to increase opportunities for whole farm income generation activities. Of the $16,027 invested in agriculture activities during the quarter $5,280 was invested by women livestock farmers.
Beneficiairy farmer Kundai Nyoni from Gweru, Midlands, procured a petrol-powered chaff cutter worth $500 using proceeds from milk sales to Dairibord Zimbabwe. The chaff cutter can mill at least 0.5 tons of stover per hour. Prior to the investment, Nyoni was manually chopping stover, making it an arduous and time-consuming task to prepare enough feed to supplement her milking cows. With the new technology, Nyoni is now able to mechanically chop feed, saving time and effort. This also increases her herd’s productivity through improved voluntary feed intake, feed digestibility and palatability. “This machine is going to make our life easier and reduce our feed costs,” said Nyoni. To increase efficiency and incomes from her dairy enterprise, village milk aggregator, Bennita Chidhaya from Gokwe South, Midlands, invested $900 for the construction of a milk room using proceeds from the sale of her two cattle. Chidhaya purchased a chiller and started aggregating milk for sale to Dendairy in early June 2020. Currently, she is producing 30 liters of milk every day and expects to aggregate an additional 100 liters per day from five suppliers. In Umzingwane, Matabeleland South, a lead farmer and female village milk aggregator Thokozile Dube, invested $200 toward purchasing fencing material for setting up a 0.8-hectare paddock. The paddock will be used for zero grazing of her recently purchased in-calf dairy cow and heifer, as well as isolating her breeding females during artificial insemination. Previously, her animals traveled long distances in search of feed and water, resulting in reduced milk returns. However, now that she has a paddock, Dube will be able to graze her cattle in monitored confinement and supply them with adequate
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nourishment. “Thanks to the program, the paddock will enable me to easily monitor, feed, and provide water for my cattle,’’ said Dube, who is planning to fortify her paddock with Sabi panicum and Star grass in addition to legumes Cassia and Stylosanthes species, which are very nutritious for animals. 5.5 ACCESS TO FINANCE GNDR-2: Percentage of female participants in USG assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic resources. The program focuses on improving women’s access to finance from MFI and PPLS groups as a key factor in empowering women and increasing household resilience. To help address obstacles due to cultural and traditional norms that restrict women farmers’ access to financial services, the program actively promotes group saving approaches and encourages women farmers to build their credit history by opening bank accounts (See Text Box 1). Group saving approaches (PPLS groups) allow rural female farmers to use social collateral and joint liability to save and lend money to group members for livestock and other farm production activities. During the review period, 22 farmers (81 percent women and 18 percent youth) accessed loans worth $6,425 from Kumboedza PPLS and a private sector company (Rakiten Energy Solutions). Women accessed $4,975 (77 percent) worth of loans for upgrading solar cold chain systems and other livestock production related activities. In Gokwe South district, Midlands, the program facilitated for four female village milk aggregators to access credit worth $4,000 from Rakiten Energy Solutions for upgrading their cold chain equipment. The aggregators, who currently deliver an average of 205 liters of milk every other day to large-scale processor Dendairy in Kwekwe, had been facing the risk of milk spoiling before delivery due to regular power outages. The improved cold chain will enable the aggregators and their suppliers to milk twice a day; hold more volumes over the two days; and reduce milk spoilage and transport costs. The program recommends investment in solar energy as an environmentally friendly way to achieve reliable and cost effective off-the-grid cold chain facilities. 5.6 ACCESS TO MARKETS This quarter, the program linked 39 female beneficiaries (55 percent of total beneficiairies linked) to new and existing networks of formal beef and dairy markets. Prayers Mhlope is one of the three female farmers in Umzingwane district who were linked to new beef markets. The three women sold 14 cattle off the rangeland worth $5,400 to a local butchery. Proceeds from the sale were invested in heifers and borehole drilling to enhance production and productivity of their dairy and beef enterprises. Mary Kunaka from Gokwe South was excited to receive her first payment of $4 from her first Photo by Fintrac Mary Kunaka from Gokwe South, Midlands earned $4 in her first weekly delivery of 25.5 liters of week delivering milk to village milk aggregator Takanayi Taurai. milk to female village milk aggregator Takanayi Taurai. Taurai is one of the three village milk aggregators (two women) that were linked to improved market and
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
commercial processor Dendairy. This market linkage has enabled the aggregators to earn more incomes from their enterprises and buy local milk from suppliers at fairer prices. According to Kunaka, “I am surprised with all this money I received after supplying milk for just five days, I did not realise milk from my indigenous beef cows could be a source of income for my household.” The program is working with smallholder beef-dairy farmers to diversify their on-farm income sources and links them to profitable markets to grow their income opportunities. 5.7 TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION The program promotes adoption of new technologies and investment in basic machinery and infrastructure. Adoption and investments in improved GAHPs, water sources, and equipment have significant benefits of improved incomes, production, productivity and reduced labor for rural women farmers. According to results from the first round AHS FY2020, of the 96 percent program beneficiaries who are adopting program promoted technologies, 57 percent are women farmers and 10 percent youth.
Takanai Taurai with the support of her husband Abednico Sibanda grew an assortment of fodder crops including sunn hemp, lab lab, and velvet bean and scaled up land for fodder production from 0.25 to 3 hectares after noticing benefits of having adequate fodder for cattle in preparation for the lean season. The couple harvested 9 tons of fodder, enough to last their four lactating cows for four months during the dry season. In addition, Taurai and her family are also harvesting rangeland hay to buttress their fooder supplies. Taurai took heed of the program advice to grow enough fodder to ensure consistent supply of milk to their newly identified lucrative milk market, Dendairy, in Kwekwe. Taurai and her family were able to withstand the COVID-19 shock as they managed to feed their cattle sufficiently and maintain optimal milk production despite agrodealer shops having been closed during the initial phase of the lockdown. In Chirumhanzu, Midlands, Epiphania Mhondiwa has reduced calving intervals of her cows to 14 months after adopting good animal husbandry practices (GAHPs). In the past, Mhondiwa’s cows had calving intervals ranging from 24 –36 months. By following best practices on supplementary feeding (especially during the lean season), herd health management, and adequate watering of her cattle, among other GAHPs learned from the program, Mhondiwa’s herd increased from four to 15 cattle since joining the program in November 2015. Three more cows are currently in-calf. Mhondiwa’s herd now consists of 60 percent productive females, as she moves toward program recommendations of 70 percent. “My cows and heifers had calving intervals longer than 24 months before I joined the program. However, after adopting supplementary feeding, my cows are now calving almost yearly. I never thought this could be possible!” said Mhondiwa. To shorten calving intervals to the recommended 12- 13 months and reduce calf mortalities, the program is promoting supplementary feeding and good calf rearing practices, among other GAHPs.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
6. LESSONS LEARNED The main lessons learned during program implementation and mitigation steps taken during the quarter are as follows: • The country-wide lockdown and restrictions due to COVID-19 were a litmus test of the program sustainability after LOP. The program adopted and devised innovative ways to safely continue activities virtually through digital platforms and smartphones. By embracing digital technology, scheduled program activities targeting staff and beneficiary farmers were continued remotely. • The program’s approach of capacity building lead farmers on their roles and responsibilities over the past five years paid off as they became key focal persons for disseminating information to fellow farmers during the lockdown. Likewise village-based marketing agents and aggregators played similar roles in providing information to fellow farmers on markets, prices, GAPs and GAHPs, and program crosscutting messages. • Women’s and PPLS groups showed resilience in the face of COVID-19 restrictions by quickly adopting to safety guidelines and evolving to use of electronic money and hard currency to ensure sustainable continuity of their activities. • Production Productivity Lending and Savings groups remain an important source of financing in unstable economic conditions, especially for the economically marginalized, including young female farmers. Kumboedza Group advanced loans to women to buy breeding goats, 22-year- old Fiona Hlatshwayo now owns her first ever livestock in the form of the goat. • On-farm production of low-cost feed hedges smallholder dairy enterprise against hyperinflationary conditions. Farmers who produced their own fodder had uninterrupted production and maintained good margins from their raw milk when both transport and animal feed prices were rapidly increasing during the initial stages of the lockdown period. The program encourages farmers to produce adequate fodder and harvest locally available feeds from the rangeland as well as investing in good storage facilities to reduce their cost of production. • The program buttressed and leveraged on existing farmers’ knowledge from past trainings on WASH, household hygiene, and installation of handwashing stations to practice and disseminate information as a mitigation measure against COVID-19 infection. • The program’s commercialization approach has contributed to changing mindsets among some smallholder livestock farmers who are now investing in GAHPs and farm assets to improve herd productivity. During the review period, 1,200 cattle were dipped using acaricides wholy financed by farmers. The farmers now appreciate the importance of taking full responsibility of the health of their herds in commercial beef production. • The GUCs enabled the program to unlock capital from beef and dairy farmers to invest in agricultural productive assets and adopt production and productivity enhancing GAPs, GAHPs, technologies and practices. Smallholder farmers were willing to rationalize their herds and sell unproductive and excess cattle to co-invest in water, cold chain, quality breeds, AI, handling facility, and farming machinery.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
7. CHALLENGES The main strategic challenges facing the development of smallholder farmers’ beef and dairy agribusinesses hence affecting program implementation were: • Many financiers have stopped disbursing loans due to hyperinflation and unfavorable lending environment. • Declining water tables and reduced availability of drinking water for livestock as well as clean water for home consumption mainly due to poor rains received during the preceeding rainfall season. In addition, some districts have also experienced an early decline in quality and quantity of pastures. Farmers were encouraged to harvest crop stover and hay from the rangeland; value add stover through ammonification using Mabiko K or urea; and procure lowcost feed supplements such as molasses. Farmers were also encouraged to destock early to avoid poverty deaths and use the money to buy household food and supplementary feed for the remaining herd. • The current liquidity crunch and hyper-inflationary environment has negatively affected disposable incomes and demand for beef, hence low beef producer prices. In addition, formal markets are making payments to farmers in the ever depreciating local currency. Farmers were advised to consider selling their cattle to butcheries that pay in hard currency or to sell to buyers who can make direct payments for services or inputs required by the farmer. Input price increases, especially for animal feed, is eroding dairy margins rapidly. • The imposed lockdown and restrictions in movements due to COVID-19 disrupted marketing activities of raw milk in the initial stages and continues to affect cattle marketing due to market inaccessibility, shortages of fuel and transport, and an increase in transport costs. • Field activities were also disrupted by the lockdown resulting in remote technical assistance to farmers using low-cost digital tools – text messaging and WhatsApp. However, limited access to smartphones by most farmers, especially women, and cost of airtime and data adversely affected the efficiency of remote support systems.
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
8. ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR NEXT QUARTER As the program enters its final stages of operations, the focus will be on consolidating program activities, report writing and documentation, data collection and execution of final close-out activities. Due to lockdown restrictions, program team members will have limited field visits and continue to work remotely through text messaging, WhatsApp, and telephone calls to provide technical assistance and collect data from farmers. Specific activities planned for the next quarter will include:
• Identifying and planning for program close-out activities. • Initiating and execution of the necessary close-out protocols including disposition of expendable and non-expendable assets. • Conduct virtual final project closure meeting, to include team members, stakeholders, and farmers. • Second round of the Annual Household Survey data collection. • Finalizing all reports (district reports, case studies, and final program report).
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
ANNEX 1: SNAPSHOTS Beef-Dairy And Village Aggregation Models Showcasing Farmers’ And Value Chain Resilience Despite the economic meltdown induced by the global COVID-19 pandemic, beef-dairy farmers and village aggregators working with the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program have witnessed sustained milk sales, asset base expansion, increased production and productivity, and improved household nutrition and overall food security. The number of village milk aggregators and producers continued to grow by 21 and 4 percent, respectively, during the review period. After lockdown restrictions were introduced at the end of March 2020, beef- dairy program beneficiaries were forced to temporarily suspend milk sales to formal markets. However, milk sales resumed after farmers initiated and acquired requisite travel documentation from local authorities and large-scale processors with remote assistance from the program. This initiative enabled 104 farmers, 51 percent women, from the program’s dairy hubs to deliver and sell 70,319 liters of milk worth $52,362 to formal markets including large-scale processors and milk collection centers during the lockdown period between April and June 2020. Program technical trainings and assistance on GAPs, GAHPs, and business development skills before and during the pandemic have enabled beneficiaries to withstand economic losses triggered by the global shock. Program beneficiaries have maintained their milking cows in good condition for optimal Photo by Fintrac production and conception using low-cost homegrown feeds, nutritious pods Gokwe South village milk aggregators and hay from the rangeland. Fodder-preneur, Anastacia Nhombo from Gokwe making their maiden milk delivery to South, Midlands utilized the initial phase of the lockdown, when accessing Dendairy during the lockdown period. commercial feed was a challenge, to cash in on 600 good quality Hyperehnia grass bales earning her $200. Although beneficiaries recorded a 16 percent drop in the volume of milk delivered during the review period due to COVID-19 restrictions, the value of “Now that we have reliable chilling the milk increased by 65 percent compared to the same quarter in FY2019. facilities, our milk is not affected by power Village aggregators and their beef-dairy producers continued to deliver high outages and our transport costs have quality milk to formal markets, earning high premiums. In Chirumhanzu, Sarah Ndodha and her Bata Pako group received premium prices from the processor been reduced,” for supplying higher quality milk with butterfat content of 6 percent compared to the minimum compositional standard at 3 percent. Taurai Takanai, Continuation of beef cattle and milk sales during the lockdown enabled farmers Milk aggregator and smallholder dairy to make on-farm investments to increase the viability of their farming farmer enterprises. In total, 26 beef and dairy farmers (62 percent women) made on- farm investments worth $16,027 in borehole drilling, fodder chopping machinery, and renovations to milk rooms. On a related note, relationships between farmers and private sector companies remained firm, reinforcing the sustainability and resilience of market linkages established by the program. In the absence of program technicians, government and private sector stakeholders filled the gap by providing training, technical assistance and credit to beef-dairy farmers. Five village milk aggregators from Gokwe South, Midlands, accessed $1,000 in loans each from Rakiten Energy Solutions to upgrade their chilling facilities. “Now that we have reliable chilling facilities, our milk is not affected by power outages and our transport costs have been reduced,” said Takanai. The seamless continuation of dairy production, productivity, and marketing activities across the program’s dairy hubs during the COVID-19 lockdown period has demonstrated the robustness of the beef-dairy and village
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aggregation models in sustaining resilience among smallholder farmers through asset growth and retention, and sustained income. Transformative Gender Integration Aides Social Inclusivity Of Women In Beef And Dairy Value Chains
Traditionally, men are the ones who retain ownership, decision-making, and control of cattle production and productivity. To counter these gender norms and achieve inclusive livestock production, the Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development program empowers women by increasing their access to productive assets, finance, markets, and improved technologies and services. The program also deliberately targets women to build their capacity to occupy decision-making spaces as lead farmers, village aggregators, chairpersons of producer groups, and entrepreneurs along the beef and dairy value chain. Sarah Ndodha from Chirumhanzu, Midlands is one of several women who now owns cattle in her name due to program facilitation. Ndodha, who did not have her own cattle before joining the program, was able to buy three in-calf dairy heifers valued at $4,500 through proceeds from milk sales and a group loan from Lion Finance Zimbabwe (a microfinance institution) facilitated by the program in 2018. She also invested $50 in artificial insemination to improve her breeds. Her involvement in livestock production has eased her family’s financial burden and improved their nutritional status. Similarly, Violet Tapera of Chipinge, Manicaland, now owns eight of her household’s 17 cattle due to program trainings that encouraged Photo by Fintrac active involvement of women in livestock production activities. Siyengiwe Machina of Gokwe South Bennita Chidhaya, a dairy farmer from Gokwe South, Midlands, has expanded showing off her bank card. her dairy enterprise and increased incomes after accessing loans facilitated by the program. Chidhaya, who has borrowed for a record six times since joining the program in 2015, has accessed short and long-term loans to the tune of $9,000 which she invested in fencing off and improving pastures, “Prior to my association with the program, I was irrigation equipment, artificial insemination, and dairy cattle. As a result of just a housewife with no confidence to leave the her good repayment record, Chidhaya has benefitted from reduced loan homestead or run a business. But now, thanks charges and discounted interest charges of 2 percent – 4 percent lower than to program messages on gender equity, my the market rate of 6 percent. “Chidhaya is one of our best clients,” said Untu Microfinance loan administrator Tsitsi Marada. “We have never had to follow husband has handed over the running and up on her and she never misses an installment.” decision making of our milk aggregation business to me.” In Gokwe South, Midlands, Judith Bhebhe is taking the lead in running the family’s thriving dairy enterprise with support from her husband, Patrick. A village milk aggregator, Judith takes turns with two other aggregators in her Judith Bhebhe, area to deliver their milk to large-scale processor, Dendairy in Kwekwe. Milk aggregator and smallholder dairy “Prior to my association with the program, I was just a housewife with no farmer confidence to leave the homestead or run a business. But now, thanks to program messages on gender equity, my husband has handed over the running and decision-making of our milk aggregation business to me,” she said.
Five female village milk aggregators from Gokwe South and Chipinge (Lucia Zvidzayi, Siyengiwe Machina, Sunungurai Gadha, Miriam Saineti, and Perpetual Muzima) have defied cultural and traditional stereotypes by opening bank accounts in their names as a requirement to supply milk to Dairibord and Dendairy. The women testify the benefits of their newfound financial freedom and decision-making as it has contributed to improved household welfare and enabled them to expand their dairy enterprises, buy diverse foods, pay school fees for their children, and pay medical bills as well as reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. Since inception in June 2015, the program has engaged 6,516 women farmers (49 percent of total beneficiaries) in its activities. Results from the first round Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 54
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
of the FY2020 Annual Household Survey indicate that 95 percent of the program’s total female beneficiaries are involved in their household cattle production and marketing decisions, while 47 percent of the women in beneficiary households own cattle in their names. In addition, 54 percent of female farmers now occupy leadership positions in beef and dairy value chains, up from a baseline of 36 percent.
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ANNEX 2. FTFZ-LD ILLUSTRATIVE INDICATORS
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 0 Total 4,200 61410 4,25111 Number of individuals participating in Unique Individual 1 EG.3-2 0 Beef 3,400 40612 3,56313 USG food security programs participants 0 Dairy 800 20814 68815 Estimated number and percentage of
FTF beneficiaries holding 5 hectares or 2 LD 15 91 59 N/A 6017 Percent less of arable land or equivalent units of livestock (Smallholders)16 87 Overall 55 N/A18 N/A Prevalence of poverty: Percent of people 3 LD 10 93 Beef 57 N/A N/A Percent living on less than $1.90/day† 76 Dairy 48 N/A N/A Mean percent shortfall relative to the 4 LD11 59 33 N/A N/A Percent $1.90 poverty line Ability to recover from shocks and 5 RESIL-a 4.1 4.2 N/A N/A Average Score stresses index Prevalence of moderate and severe food 6 LD 30 31 14 N/A N/A Percent insecurity in the population, based on
10 344 female and 270 male. 11 4,251 participants (49 percent women) 12 237 female and 169 male. 13 3,563 participants (49 percent women) 14 107 female and 101 male. 15 688 participants (48 percent women) 16 For FTFZ-LD, the indicator is based on cattle ownership- households owning 10 or less cattle or two or less lactating cows are considered smallholder beef and dairy farmers, respectively. 17 Smallholders disaggregated by value chain: Beef -58 percent ; Dairy - 64 percent 18 Result will be available in Q4 FY 2020 after the 2nd round of the Annual Household Survey. Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 56
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) 238 Beef 1,000 N/A N/A Average household agricultural net 7 LD 1 USD income from agriculture 415 Dairy N/A N/A 2,600 Farmer’s gross margin per animal with 18.80 Beef 30 N/A N/A 8 LD 31 USD USG assistance 119.49 Dairy 650 N/A N/A Yield of targeted agricultural EG.3-10,- 9 commodities among program 2.6 Dairy 6.5 N/A 6.04 Liters per cow/day 11,-12 participants with USG assistance Average number of livestock units per 10 LD 32 7.2 Beef 7.7 N/A 6.84 Livestock Units beef households. Number of individuals in the agriculture
system who have applied improved 11 EG.3.2-24 4,946 4,000 N/A 3,875 Farmers management practices or technologies with USG assistance. Number of hectares under improved management practices or technologies 12 with USG assistance EG.3.2-2519 568 4,200 N/A 7,61520 Hectares
13 Number of hectares under improved management practices or technologies that promote improved climate risk EG.3.2-28 568 4,200 N/A 7,615 Hectares reduction and/or natural resources management with USG assistance.
19 This is a new indicator recommended by BFSS in FY 2019. The indicator is informed by EG.3.2-28 which the program was already tracking since FY 2018 as recommended through the GFSS phase 2 set of indicators 20 Disaggregated by farmer category: Beef – 3,414 hectares; Dairy – 4,201 hectares Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 57
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 Number of market linkages established 0 Total 2,160 N/A 1,631 14 with service providers entered into with LD 16 0 Beef 1,360 N/A 1,319 Unique Individuals USG supported MSMEs 0 Dairy 800 N/A 312 Total (Actual 2.3221 3.25 N/A N/A Sales) Value of annual sales of farms and firms Beef Cattle (live) 15 EG.3.2-26 1.28 1.29 N/A N/A USD Millions receiving USG assistance. (Actual Sales) Dairy (Actual 1.04 1.96 N/A N/A Sales) Number of individuals who have 0 Total 4,200 61422 4,25123 received USG supported short-term 16 LD 33 0 Male 2,100 270 2,069 Unique Individuals agricultural sector productivity or food 2,182 security training 0 Female 2,100 344 Value of agriculture-related financing 17 EG.3.2-27 0 55,000 6,42525 52,93526 USD accessed as a result of USG assistance24 Number of individuals participating in
18 group-based savings, micro-finance or EG.4.2-7 223 2228 13929 Unique Individuals 130 lending programs with USG assistance27
21 Total actual sales were $2,318,072 (Beef - $1,280,831 & Dairy - $1,037,241). 22 406 beef and 208 dairy 23 3,563 beef and 688 dairy farmers 24 The indicator considered agricultural related credit/loans received by MSMEs including farmers from registered financial institutions only up to FY 2018. It was then expanded to include formal and informal sources of credit as from Q1, FY 2019. 25 $6,425 was accessed by 22 farmers (82 percent women) toward the financing of purchase of livestock, upgrade of solar systems and borehole repairs 26 A total of $ 52,935 was accessed by 139 unique farmers (43 percent women) toward the financing of agricultural investments, fencing ;borehole drilling and water reticulation; purchase of small livestock; borehole repairs and working capital (veterinary chemicals and stock feed) 27 Modified in FY 2018 28 22 farmers (82 percent women) accessed credit: 17 beef and 5 dairy farmers accessed $1,425 and $5,000 respectively. 29 139 farmers (43 percent women) accessed credit: 71 beef and 68 dairy farmers accessed $30,101.77 and $22,833.06respectively
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 Percent of beneficiaries borrowing at 19 least once to finance purchase of LD 8 0 20 6430 1231 Percent livestock or other capital investment Number of individuals who have 0 Total 1,370 N/A 1,75532 20 invested in agriculture as a result of USG LD 18 0 Beef 990 N/A 1,301 Unique Individuals assistance 0 Dairy 380 N/A 454 Value of individual investment made in 21 LD 19 0 1,000,000 NA 1,186,83133 USD agriculture as a result of USG assistance Value of new USG commitments and private sector investment leveraged by 22 EG.3.1-14 1,182 150,000 9,79734 133,93435 USD the USG to support food security and nutrition Prevalence of women of reproductive 23 age consuming a diet of minimum LD 34 65 70 N/A 86 Percent diversity. Percent of female direct beneficiaries of USG nutrition-sensitive agriculture 24 EG.3.3-10 53 72 N/A 86 Percent activities consuming a diet of minimum diversity Percent of households that consistently 25 LD 2 7 82 N/A 88 Percent consume at least 5 of 9 food groups
30 64 percent – 14 of 22 beneficiaries who accessed credit was financing capital investment including the purchase of livestock for long term investment. 31 12 percent (17 of 139 farmers) accessed credit for capital investment including the purchase of livestock for long term investment. $6,979 was accessed by 17 beneficiaries to invest in borehole drilling, purchase of small livestock, water reticulation and fencing material 32 768 women and 987 male 33 Female farmers invested $441,371.87 and $745,459.15 by male farmers: Beef farmers invested $750,599.95 and $436,231.07 by dairy farmers. 34 13 village milk aggregators from Chipinge, Gokwe South and Umzingwane invested $9,797 in the construction and renovation of milk rooms, milking parlors, sinks; upgrade of cold chain solar system; chaff cutters and working capital. 35 $50,395 new USG assistance and $83,539 private sector investment. Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 59
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 Prevalence of children 6-23 months 26 LD 14 1 78 N/A 74 Percent receiving a minimum acceptable diet Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of 27 LD13 72 72 N/A 100 Percent children under six months of age Percent of households that consistently 28 practice at least 4 out of 6 good hygiene LD 3 13 85 N/A 93 Percent practices Number of people gaining access to a 29 HL.8.2-2 4,823 3,780 N/A 3,866 Unique Individuals basic sanitation service. Percent households with detergent and 30 water at a handwashing station HL.8.2-5 50 70 N/A 77 Percent commonly used by family members Percent of households washing hands with detergent at 4 critical moments 31 LD 35 35 40 N/A 54 Percent (before preparing food, before eating, after toilet use, after removing diapers) Number of food security private Unique 32 enterprises (for profit), producer LD 3636 0 60 2837 6038 Organizations/ organizations, water user associations, Associations
36 The indicator was retained as a custom. Originally was EG.3.2-4 in the Feed the Future Handbook. 37 10 Village Milk Aggregators (Bennita Chidhaya; Lucia Zvidzayi; Mubonesi Ledson; Muchikichi Elias; Muzima Perpertual; Patrick Bhebhe; Siyengiwe Machina, Mandhlazi Moses, Gadha Sunungurai and Takanai Taurai); 2 Hay Entreprenuers (Tapiwa Sibanda and Anastacia Nhombo); 2 Private Enterprises (Windmill; MC Meats and Koala Abattoir); 7: Milk producer groups (Bata Pako; Birirano; Chitanda; Mandiyere; Pepukai; Wadzanayi and Tagarika); 4: Cattle producer and marketing groups (Taziva; Siyafunda; Mwacheta and Budiriro); 1: Feedlot group (Chibunji feedlot) 38 18 Village Milk Aggregators [Chidhaya Bennita; Zvidzayi Lucia; Mubonesi Ladson; Muzima Perpertual; Machina Siyengiwe; Munyanyi Blantinah; Ndodha Sarah; Nyoni Joconia; Takanai Taurai; Juwere Dzingirai; Masilela Douglas; Mhlope Prayers; Thokozile Dube; Bhebhe Patrick; Ukama Tatendaishe; Mandhlazi Moses; Gadha Sunungurai; Sithole Elias]; 12 Feedlot groups [Chibunji; Dingulwazi; Vulindlela; Thandanani; Tashinga; Tamburikayi; Asithuthukeni; Chucks; Deruko; Irisvale; Kuwirirana; Magwaza]; 8 Cattle marketing groups [Taziva; Mwacheta; Budiriro; Vukuzenzele; Tashinga; Siyafunda; Miracle Matikwa and Paradise]; 9 Milk producer groups [Wadzanayi; Pepukai; Bata Pako; Tagarika; Kudzanai; Tashinga; Mandiyere; Chitanda & Birirano]; 4 Private Enterprise [Suburban Veterinary Practice (SVP)]; Wundmill; MC Meats and Koala Abbatoir]: 1 Water User Association: Maunganidze Irrigation Committee; 6 women’s groups: Rimbi; Shingai; Mwacheta; Mabhiza; Kumboedza & Chikware; 2 Hay Entreprenuers[Tapiwa Sibanda and Anastacia Nhombo]
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Indicator Baselin FY2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative Total Indicator Disaggregate Unit Source e Target Achievement FY2020 women’s groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG food security related organizational development assistance Percent of female program beneficiaries 33 LD 37 36 50 5439 54 Percent in relevant leadership positions Percentage of female participants in USG-assisted programs designed to increase access to productive economic 34 GNDR-240 48 50 8241 4342 Percent resources
Percentage of participants in USG- assisted programs designed to increase 35 access to productive economic YOUTH-343 9 10 1844 1045 Percent resources who are youth
39 The program has 450 farmers occupying various relevant leadership positions (54 percent women); 122 are lead farmers (52 percent women). 40 This is a new indicator recommended by BFSS in FY 2019. Data source for the indicator is EG.4.2-7 (Number of individuals participating in group-based savings, micro- finance or lending programs with USG assistance). FY 2019 result became the baseline. 41 18 of 22 farmers who accessed credit in Q3 FY 2020 were women. Female farmers received $4,975, 77 percent, of the total value disbursed. 42 60 of 139 beneficiaries who accessed credit were women. Women accessed 43 percent of the total credit accessed by program beneficiaries 43 This is a new indicator recommended by BFSS in FY 2019. Data source for the indicator is EG.4.2-7 (Number of individuals participating in group-based savings, micro- finance or lending programs with USG assistance). FY 2019 result became the baseline. 44 4 of 22 farmers who accessed credit in Q3 FY 2020 were youths. Youth farmers received $475, 7 percent, of the value disbursed. 45 14 of 139 beneficiaries who accessed credit were youths. They accessed $ 6,311, 12 percent of the total credit accessed Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 61
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ANNEX 3. LIST OF BUYERS The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. Contact and Company Products Tel No. Email Title Aggregator Bhebhe Milk Bhebhe Patrick 0775564117 Patrick Aggregator Dube Milk Dube Thokozile 0712291200 Thokozile Aggregator Gadha Milk Gadha Sunungurai 0718035747 Sunungurai Aggregator Juwere Milk Juwere Dzingirai 0776308841 Dzingirai Aggregator Machina Milk Machina Siyengiwe 0783 587 430 Siyengiwe Aggregator Masilela Milk Masilela Douglas 0773486090 Douglas Aggregator Milk Mandhlazi Moses 0713184754 Mandhlazi Moses Aggregator Milk Maparadze Chiedza 0777367002 Maparadze Chiedza Aggregator Mhlope Milk Mhlope Prayers 0712916854 Prayers Aggregator Milk Muchikichi Elias 0717253391 Muchikichi Elias Aggregator Ncube Milk Ncube Lovemore 0712318049 Lovemore Aggregator Ndodha Milk Ndodha Sarah 0773378778 Sarah Aggregator Milk Ngwenya Emmanuel 0778521718 Ngwenya Emmanuel Aggregator Nkomo Milk Nkomo Patrick 0715 319 382 Patrick Aggregator Paramu Milk Paramu Francisca 0775653976 Franscisca Aggregator Takanai Milk Takanai Taurai 0783 607 482 Taurai Agri Auctions Beef cattle Witness Sibanda 0772633953 0713433645 Bulawayo Abattoirs Beef cattle SI Brenner 263 9 [email protected] 400715/403689 CBS Milk Buhle Nyathi 0771 930480 [email protected] CC Sales Beef cattle Richard Wakefield 0712 601061 [email protected] Dairy Cernol Chemicals detergents Sambulula Michael 0772257621 and sanitizers
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Contact and Company Products Tel No. Email Title Perseverance murambakanda@dairibor Dairibord Milk 0772367671 Murambakanda d.co.zw Dairibord, Chipinge Milk Tecla Thomo 0773263277 [email protected] Denford Matiringe Dendairy Milk (Bulawayo Milk 0774 306108 [email protected] Depot) +263 552552 Dendairy, Kwekwe Milk Procurement 5870 Benjamin Discount Butchery Beef Cattle 0772662201 Ziyadhuma Drip Drip-tech Chaunoda 0773366470 irrigation Gokwe South Milk and District General Dairy Procurement (059) 2405 Hospital products Gokwe South MCC Milk Elias Chiweshe 0775 927631 Mr. Dhlodhlo keshelmar@kershelmarb Kershelmar Milk (Procurement 0772 252734 yo.co.zw Manager) [email protected] Koala Park Abattoir Kobus Raath 0773 477751 m Chiredzi Beef Cattle 0784 844000 Abattoir Kadoma Carl Tuke 0774 642755 kuliteinvestments15@gm ail.com 0779 748230 chrisandroliakos@yahoo. Heads and Hooves Beef cattle Chris Androliakos 0712 211856 com Montana Carswell 0771 247612 Meats Gokwe & Beef cattle Arthur Rex [email protected] 059-2855 Redcliff Montana Carswell Rod Fenell 0773 982898 Beef cattle Meats, Masvingo Craig Green 0772 816069 Morestead Venge Processor Milk Morestead Venge 0772341448 Chirumhanzu Cattle Ola Farm Sherpard Mutasa 0773856149 Breeder 0774 101768 Red Tractor Dairy Milk Gavin Cantor 0772 831500 Beef cattle & Sabie Meats Neil van der Merwe 0772 214116 [email protected] stock feed Dairy Spar Zimbabwe Buyer 0772 977 345 products Dairy St. Agnes School Procurement 0775 024223 Products Umzingwane MCC Milk Sheila Lupuwana 0775 559742
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
ANNEX 4. LIST OF INPUT SUPPLIERS The companies below have all been engaged, some expressed an interest to transact and some transacted with program beneficiaries in target districts during the review period. Contact & Company Products Tel No. Email Title Agrifoods Stock feed Luke Mutemeri 0712 632 333 [email protected] Cheeseman Milk Processing (+2634)306982 Harare culture Mr. Cottco Cotton Motes 0773 715297 [email protected] Mutauranwa Chibonda Samuel Veterinary Drugs 0774 100 066 Hardware Chibonda M Dr. Morgan Ecomark & Veterinary Matingo 0772 282803 [email protected] Coopers supplies Dr. Oswin 0773 724088 [email protected] Choga Technical Econet Beniah information on 0774 222867 [email protected] Wireless Nyakanda livestock Beven Farmshop Input Supplier 0719 656 652 Mwachinda Feed Mix Stock feed Wendy Krog 04-446132 [email protected] Dr. Bruce Fivaz Veterinary 0772 189802 [email protected] Fivet John Magasi supplies 0773 582239 [email protected] (sales) Gains Cash and Input Suppliers Mr. Mutepfe 0776 337 539 [email protected] Carry Maize, pasture, Klein Karoo and vegetable Beauty Magiya 0772 339326 [email protected] seed Smallholder Kush Sira 0776307415 [email protected] Kurima appropriate Machinery technology Lamour Dairy Milk, dairy Gareth Barry 0772 260799 [email protected] Products animals Paul Lion Finance Chapotaronga 0772 100257 [email protected] Finance Zimbabwe Trevor 0772 789 534 [email protected] Arigundiya Luipaardsvlei Brahman bulls Dawie Joubert 0774 334554 [email protected] Brahmans Mark Meadow Feeds Stock feed 0712 212338 [email protected] Androliakos Micro Plan Financial Finance Annah Sithole 0731772732 [email protected] Services Beef Cattle Murinye Farm Steven Murinye 0772 760 944 Breeders Willard 0772148713 National Foods Stock feed [email protected] Mukondiwa 0733400112 National dairy Milk bulk tanks Mr. Watadza 0773 246570 Co-op and molasses Prepared by Fintrac Inc. 64
Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
Contact & Company Products Tel No. Email Title Customer Profeeds, +263 773 316 Dairy Inputs consultant: Gokwe 035 Shawn Machoni Quest Financial Finance James Msipa 0772 573276 [email protected] Services Beef cattle & Neil van der Sabie Meats 0772 214116 [email protected] stock feed Merwe Sheperd Munemo Mr. Sheperd +263 775 935 Fruit trees Nursey, Munemo 151 Gokwe Rakiten Solar Energy Blessing Rakiten 0776 867 582 [email protected] Suburban Veterinary Veterinary Dr. Chikosi 0772 226 770 [email protected] Service Providers Practice (SVP) Taguta Farm Cattle Breeder Noah Taguta 0772452310 Technical Semen straws Burrel 0731493911 [email protected] Hygiene and nitrogen Dudley 0731419427 Solutions- 263242446732/4 Semex Zimbabwe 0774 164390 Clive Msipa (0242) UNTU Capital Finance [email protected] 332968/308746 Amon Basuthu 0773 026 844 Veterinary Animal health Nyasha (0242)793183 Distributors products Chipepe Veterinary Animal health Chidhakwa Distributors 0777498008 [email protected] products Courage Gweru Stockfeed and Claude Windmill veterinary 0772 433496 [email protected] Ndavambi supplies Zimbabwe Farmer 0771 564555 Paul Zakariya [email protected] Farmers Union Organization 0771 564554 Zimnat Chifamba Financial Finance 0772 990413 [email protected] Norman Services
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe Livestock Development Program | Quarterly Report #3 FY2020
ANNEX 5: GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
Natural Inception to Q2 FY 2020 Q3 FY 2020 Cumulative to date Value Chain District Region Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Chipinge V 1,704 1,814 3,518 0 0 0 1,704 1,814 3,518 Chirumhanzu III 516 593 1,109 0 0 0 516 593 1,109 Gokwe III 361 510 871 6 5 11 367 515 882 Communal South Beef Gweru III & IV 621 550 1,171 0 0 0 621 550 1,171 Kwekwe III 788 798 1,586 2 4 6 790 802 1,592 Umzingwane IV 573 425 998 0 2 2 573 427 1,000 Sub-total 4,563 4,690 9,253 8 11 19 4,571 4,701 9,272 Chipinge V 70 93 163 7 6 13 77 99 176 Chirumhanzu III 173 204 377 3 0 3 176 204 380 Gokwe III 442 570 1,012 0 0 0 442 570 1,012 Communal South Dairy Gweru III & IV 15 25 40 0 0 0 15 25 40 Kwekwe III 7 5 12 0 0 0 7 5 12 Umzingwane IV 87 79 166 0 0 0 87 79 166 Sub-total 794 976 1,770 10 6 16 804 982 1,786 Chipinge V 4 3 7 0 0 0 4 3 7 Chirumhanzu III 17 27 44 0 0 0 17 27 44 Gokwe SSC Dairy III 26 38 64 0 0 0 26 38 64 South Gweru III & IV 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 Umzingwane IV 8 9 17 0 0 0 8 9 17 Sub-total 55 79 134 0 0 0 55 79 134 Grand Total 5,412 5,745 11,157 18 17 35 5,430 5,762 11,192
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