A Fight for Life in the Northern Suburbs
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Political Attitudes to Conscription: 1914–1918
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2016–17 27 OCTOBER 2016 Political attitudes to conscription: 1914–1918 Dr Nathan Church Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Section Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 2 Attitudes of the Australian Labor Party ........................................................ 2 Federal government ......................................................................................... 2 New South Wales ............................................................................................. 7 Victoria ............................................................................................................. 8 Queensland ...................................................................................................... 9 Western Australia ........................................................................................... 10 South Australia ............................................................................................... 11 Political impact on the ALP ............................................................................... 11 Attitudes of the Commonwealth Liberal Party ............................................. 12 Attitudes of the Nationalist Party of Australia ............................................. 13 The second conscription plebiscite .................................................................. 14 Conclusion ................................................................................................ -
John Curtin's War
backroom briefings John Curtin's war CLEM LLOYD & RICHARD HALL backroom briefings John Curtin's WAR edited by CLEM LLOYD & RICHARD HALL from original notes compiled by Frederick T. Smith National Library of Australia Canberra 1997 Front cover: Montage of photographs of John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia, 1941-45, and of Old Parliament House, Canberra Photographs from the National Library's Pictorial Collection Back cover: Caricature of John Curtin by Dubois Bulletin, 8 October 1941 Published by the National Library of Australia Canberra ACT 2600 © National Library of Australia 1997 Introduction and annotations © Clem Lloyd and Richard Hall Every reasonable endeavour has been made to contact relevant copyright holders of illustrative material. Where this has not proved possible, the copyright holders are invited to contact the publisher. National Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data Backroom briefings: John Curtin's war. Includes index. ISBN 0 642 10688 6. 1. Curtin, John, 1885-1945. 2. World War, 1939-1945— Press coverage—Australia. 3. Journalism—Australia. I. Smith, FT. (Frederick T.). II. Lloyd, C.J. (Clement John), 1939- . III. Hall, Richard, 1937- . 940.5394 Editor: Julie Stokes Designer: Beverly Swifte Picture researcher/proofreader: Tony Twining Printed by Goanna Print, Canberra Published with the assistance of the Lloyd Ross Forum CONTENTS Fred Smith and the secret briefings 1 John Curtin's war 12 Acknowledgements 38 Highly confidential: press briefings, June 1942-January 1945 39 Introduction by F.T. Smith 40 Chronology of events; Briefings 42 Index 242 rederick Thomas Smith was born in Balmain, Sydney, Fon 18 December 1904, one of a family of two brothers and two sisters. -
Ttl(' Australian Nat/O!La! Uniuer.Rlly
Ttl(' Australian Nat/o!la! Uniuer.rlly The Library c;p() Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601 Telegrams & cables NATUNIV Canberra Telex AA 62694 NATUNI reference Telephone 062-49 5m USE OF THESES This microfiche is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. J .A. LYONS~ A Political Biogro\phy by Philip R. Hart This thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Australian National University December 1967 ' i 'l i ,[ :1 J 11 ,f li This statement is to certify that the contents of this thesis are my own original work. Philip R. Hart iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREF.ACE iv L!ST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix SYNOPSIS x Chapter 1 TASMANIA 1 Chapter' 2 THE SPLIT 54 Chapter .'.3 LEADER _OF THE OPPOSITION 100 Chapte:t' 4 LYONS AND EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY FORCES 143 Chapte:t' 5 LYONS AS POLITICIAN 189 l l Chapter 6 LYONS AND POLICY 235 Chapter 7 THE FINAL YEAR ' 284 Ihi 'l '! APPENDIX Colnntonwealth Ministries, 1929-1939 .'.317 SELECT B!BLIOGRAPHY 329 iv PREFACE Entering federal politics after a political career in Tasmania that had been notable for his record tenure of party leadership and his respected achievements as Premier, Joseph Aloysius Lyons became one of the most significant participants in the Depression crisis, led one of the three great desertions from the Labour Party, participated in the preliminaries for the Second World War, and died in office only two weeks short of W.M. -
LIBRARY LECTURE: Becoming John Curtin and James Scullin—Their Early Political Careers and the Making of the Modern Labor Party
LIBRARY LECTURE: Becoming John Curtin and James Scullin—their early political careers and the making of the modern Labor party Presented by Liam Byrne, Parliament House, Canberra on 17 March 2021 As Prime Ministers, John Curtin and James Scullin have defining—and tragic—places in our national story. Scullin’s political consciousness was awoken in the Great Depression of the 1890s. He witnessed working people bearing the cost of an economic cataclysm that they did not create. He dedicated his political life to ensure this wouldn’t happen again. Throughout the 1920s Scullin argued Australia was over-exposed economically and risked being drawn into another disaster. Labor returned to office, with Scullin as prime minister, just weeks before we were dragged into the Great Depression. Scullin’s time in office will be forever remembered as a time when workers suffered for an economic cataclysm they had not created. That is his tragedy. John Curtin also came of age during the Depression of the 1890s. His early working life was marked by a series of short-term jobs, and the frustration of never having the security to help provide for his family. As a young socialist, he warned that capitalism as a system was plunging toward war. When the First World War did come, Curtin was also drawn to national attention, predominantly through his role in opposing conscription, but also as a strong advocate for socialism—as he understood it. Curtin, famously, came to office somewhat reluctantly in October 1941. He died in office on 5th July 1945, widely seen as a war casualty. -
Victorian Historical Journal
VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 86, NUMBER 1, JUNE 2015 ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA The Royal Historical Society of Victoria is a community organisation comprising people from many fields committed to collecting, researching and sharing an understanding of the history of Victoria. The Victorian Historical Journal is a fully refereed journal dedicated to Australian, and especially Victorian, history produced twice yearly by the Publications Committee, Royal Historical Society of Victoria. PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Richard Broome (convenor) Marilyn Bowler (Editor, Victorian Historical Journal) Chips Sowerwine (Editor, History News) John Rickard (review co-editor) Peter Yule (review co-editor) Jill Barnard Marie Clark Mimi Colligan Don Garden (President, RHSV) Don Gibb Richard Morton Kate Prinsley Judith Smart Caroline Williams Carole Woods BECOME A MEMBER Membership of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria is open. All those with an interest in history are welcome to join. Subscriptions can be purchased at: Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Journals are also available for purchase online: www.historyvictoria.org.au/publications/victorian-historical-journal VICTORIAN HISTORICAL JOURNAL ISSUE 283 VOLUME 86, NUMBER 1 JUNE 2015 Royal Historical Society of Victoria Victorian Historical Journal Published by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Telephone: 03 9326 9288 Fax: 03 9326 9477 Email: [email protected] www.historyvictoria.org.au Copyright © the authors and the Royal Historical Society of Victoria 2015 All material appearing in this publication is copyright and cannot be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher and the relevant author. -
The War Cartoons of Claude Marquet
Kunapipi Volume 18 Issue 2 Article 13 1996 The War Cartoons of Claude Marquet John McLaren Vane Lindesay Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation McLaren, John and Lindesay, Vane, The War Cartoons of Claude Marquet, Kunapipi, 18(2), 1996. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol18/iss2/13 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The War Cartoons of Claude Marquet Abstract At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914 the leaders and most members of the Australian political parties were enthusiastic in their support of Britain and the Empire. Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister and Leader of the federal Labor Party, famously pledged 'our last man and our last shilling to see this War brought to a successful conclusion'.1 At first, only eight Labor members of the ederf al parliament, including King O'Malley and Frank Anstey, dissented. Outside Parliament a similar minority opposed the war on Marxist or Christian socialist grounds.2 Among other critics, Henry Boote, editor of the Australian Worker, attacked wartime profiteering, and the increasing casualty lists from the Western front modified the earlier ardour. The suppression by the British army of the 1916 Irish Easter uprising further reduced enthusiasm for Empire. By October 1916, these currents had come together to produce a majority opposition to the first conscription efr erendum.3 This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol18/iss2/13 90 John McLaren and Vane Lmdesay . -
Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives
1940. TIlE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA. CANBERRA. No. 1. VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. FIRST SESSION OF THE SIXTEENTH PARLIAMENT. WEDNESDAY, 20TH NOVEMBER, 1940. The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia begun and held in Parliament House, Canberra, on Wednesday, the twentieth day of November, in the fourth year of the Reign of His Majesty King George the Sixth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand nine hundred and forty. 1. On which day, being the first day of the meeting of the Parliament for the dispatch of business pursuant to a Proclamation (hereinafter set forth), Frank Clifton Green, M.C., Clerk of the House of Representatives, Sydney Friedrich Chubb, Acting Clerk Assistant, and Henry Albert Dodd, Serjeant-at-Arms, attending in the House according to their duty, the said Proclamation was read at the Table by the Clerk :- PROCLAMATION. Commonwealth of By His Excellency General the Right Honourable Alexander Gore Arkwright, Australia to wit. Baron Gowrie, a Member of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, GOWRIE, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Governor-General. Saint George, Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, upon whom has been conferred the Decoration of the Victoria Cross, the Governor-General and Commander- in-Chief in and over the Commonwealth of Australia. WHEREAS by the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia it is amongst other things provided that the Governor-General -
Commission Inc. B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation
ON UOlsSjwqn 6 8 SJG445V~IeJo~eI3uO QOUIUJUJOO ugpu5~sWIOI’ B’nai B’rith Australia!New Zealand 1 October 2002 The Secretary, Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters, Parliament of Australia Canberra, ACT 2600 Dear Madam, B’nai B’rith Anti-Defamation Re: Unsuitability of the Citizens Electoral Council to continue to be registered as a Commission Inc. political party in Australia. P0 Box 450, Caulfield South, Victoria. Australia 3162 The B’nai B’rith Anti-Defamation Commission Inc. tel: (03) 9527 1228 fax: (03) 9525 9127 (ADC) is the human rights arm of B’nai B’rith [email protected] Australia/New Zealand. Its central purpose is to oppose racism and anti-Semitism and to expose BOARD the activities of extremist organisations that Chairman: contribute to disharmony in multicultural societies. Dr Paul Gardner Vice-chairman: Professor Andrew Markus The ADC argues in the enclosed submission that Secretary: Miriam Suss the rules of the Australian Electoral Commission Treasurer: should be tightened in order to prevent unfit Eric Cohen Members: organisations such as the Citizens Electoral Dr Dvir Abramovich Council from continuing to enjoy the status of a Dr George Deutsch Ernie Friedlander political party in Australia. Kurt Rathner President, We request your Standing Committee to consider B’nai B’rithAustralia!NewZealand: this request. James Altman STAFF Yours sincerely Senior Research Analyst: Dr Rodney Gouttman Liaison Officer: Annette Glactwin Executive Secretary: (Di) Paul Gardner Emma Oshlack Chairman BOARD OF ADVISERS B’nai B’rith Anti-Defamation Commission Inc. The RI Hon Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC DCL (03) 9578 4724; 0412 275 623 The Rt Hon Malcolm Fraser AC CH The Hon RJL Hawke AC Dr Lowitja ODonoghue AC CBE The RI Hon Sir Ninian Stephen KG AK GCMG GCVO KBE The Hon Neville Wren AC QC Sir Walter Campbell AC ABN 67404034406 Registration No. -
Conscription and National Service 1912-1972
The Great Debate: Conscription and National Service 1912-1972 THE GREAT DEBATE: CONSCRIPTION AND NATIONAL SERVICE 1912-1972 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE HELD AT THE POMPEY ELLIOT MEMORIAL HALL, CAMBERWELL RSL BY MILITARY HISTORY AND HERITAGE, VICTORIA. 30 MAY 2015 Proudly supported by: The Great Debate: Conscription and National Service 1912-1972 Billy Hughes and the Politics of Conscription 1916-17 Dr Andrew Kilsby Most if not all of us here today know about the two conscription referendums which took place in 1916 and 1917 respectively. We’ve heard that William Morris Hughes or ‘Billy’ Hughes, as he was better known, was the prime advocate for these two referendums and that Bishop and later Archbishop Daniel Mannix, the chief opponent, at least in Victoria. We’re aware that the two referendums were narrowly defeated despite an equally narrow ‘yes’ vote by the 1st AIF. Against this broad canvas much more detail of how and why these two referendums became hugely divisive within Australian society has been progressively revealed by historians. Researchers have delved into newspapers, correspondence between soldiers and families at home, the politics of what stood as the class and religious divisions of 1916 and 1917 and the attitudes towards the referendums by different sectors of society - all of this against a growing awareness of the impact of the war upon Australian society as a whole, including within families. Voting in the conscription referendums was not compulsory. Nor did voting results divide along classic religious or political lines across the entire country despite what Labor Party history might want us to believe today. -
Labour Intellectuals in Australia: Modes, Traditions, Generations, Transformationsã
IRSH 50 (2005), pp. 1–26 DOI: 10.1017/S002085900400183X # 2005 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Labour Intellectuals in Australia: Modes, Traditions, Generations, Transformationsà Terry Irving and Sean Scalmer Summary: The article begins with a discussion of labour intellectuals as knowledge producers in labour institutions, and of the labour public in which this distinctive kind of intellectual emerges, drawing on our previously published work. Next we construct a typology of three ‘‘modes’’ of the labour intellectual that were proclaimed and remade from the 1890s (the ‘‘movement’’ the ‘‘representational’’, and the ‘‘revolutionary’’), and identify the broad historical processes (certification, polarization, and contraction) of the labour public. In a case study comparing the 1890s and 1920s we demonstrate how successive generations of labour intellectuals combined elements of these ideal types in different ways to develop traditions of intellectual work. The article concludes with a sketch of the labour public after the crisis of the 1920s. It considers the rise of the ‘‘militant’’ intellectual in the 1930s, the role of publicists, planners and experts in the 1940s, the skill of ‘‘generalship’’ in the polarized 1940s and 1950s, the failure to meet the challenge of the new social movements in the 1970s, and the decline of the agitational, movement-identified intellectual. Australians have often been described as an anti-intellectual people – almost as often as the labour movement has itself been dubbed with this dreaded sobriquet. The Australian labour movement would therefore appear to be a doubly marginal location for the thinker – an anti- intellectual fragment of an anti-intellectual culture. Appearances are not always deceptive. -
Ted Theodore: the Proto-Keynesian
Ted Theodore: the proto-Keynesian John Hawkins1 ‘Red Ted’ Theodore served an interrupted term as treasurer in Scullin’s government during the Great Depression. He took office days before the Wall St crash. He was well read in economics, and was an early advocate of Keynesian ideas. However, the Scullin government was impeded by a hostile Senate, a recalcitrant Commonwealth Bank and a divided Labor Party, which made it extremely difficult for Theodore to implement his policies. In addition, corruption allegations led Theodore to stand aside as treasurer during a crucial period. Losing his seat at the subsequent election, Theodore then pursued a successful business career. Source: National Library of Australia. 1 The author formerly worked in the Domestic Economy Division of the Australian Treasury. This article has benefited from discussions with Selwyn Cornish and Alex Millmow. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Australian Treasury. 91 Ted Theodore: the proto-Keynesian Introduction Edward ‘Red Ted’ Theodore’s political career was one of great promise unfulfilled. Many regarded Theodore as our greatest treasurer2 and a poll of historians rated Theodore as the ‘best prime minister we never had’.3 Mary Gilmore rated him as one of the seven greatest living Australians.4 Theodore was particularly admired for his intelligence and knowledge of economics and finance. The conservative premier Bertram Stevens described him as ‘the coolest, best and most experienced financial brain in the southern hemisphere’.5 Kim Beazley Snr (1966) called Theodore ‘Australia’s first significant Keynesian’. What were then regarded as his heretical views became orthodoxy.6 As well as economic expertise, he had business acumen, which enabled him to rise from being a mine worker to being a mine owner. -
John Curtin for Labor and for Australia
John Curtin for Labor and for Australia LLOYD ROSS AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PRESS CANBERRA This book was published by ANU Press between 1965–1991. This republication is part of the digitisation project being carried out by Scholarly Information Services/Library and ANU Press. This project aims to make past scholarly works published by The Australian National University available to a global audience under its open-access policy. THE INAUGURAL JOHN CURTIN MEMORIAL LECTURE 1970 John Curtin for Labor and for Australia LLOYD ROSS AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PRESS 1971 © Lloyd Ross 1971 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Printed and manufactured in Australia. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 71-151971 National Library of Australia Card no. and ISBN 0 7081 0163 2 FOREWORD W. D. BORRIE Director, Research School of Social Sciences My first duty, on behalf of the Research School and indeed of the whole University, is to express our gratitude and appreciation to one of our founders, John Dedman, a Bachelor of Arts, a Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa), and a Councillor of the University, for his thoughtfulness and generosity in founding an annual John Curtin Memorial Lecture. John Curtin was Prime Minister during the period of the University‘s effective conception and he gave the event his cordial blessing. We are all in Dr Dedman’s debt for this generous endowment.