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Indian Streams Research Journal Vol 4 Issue 2 March 2014 ISSN No : 2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Indian Streams Research Journal Executive Editor Editor-in-Chief Ashok Yakkaldevi H.N.Jagtap Welcome to ISRJ RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2230-7850 Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. International Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Kamani Perera Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Lanka Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Janaki Sinnasamy Catalina Neculai Librarian, University of Malaya University of Coventry, UK Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Romona Mihaila Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Horia Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Delia Serbescu Loredana Bosca Bucharest,Romania Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Spiru Haret University, Romania Romania Ilie Pintea, Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Spiru Haret University, Romania Anurag Misra Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil DBS College, Kanpur Xiaohua Yang George - Calin SERITAN PhD, USA Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political University, Oradea,Romania Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi ......More Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil N.S. Dhaygude Head Geology Department Solapur Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur R. R. Yalikar University,Solapur Director Managment Institute, Solapur Narendra Kadu Rama Bhosale Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune Umesh Rajderkar Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Head Humanities & Social Science Panvel K. M. Bhandarkar YCMOU,Nashik Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Salve R. N. S. R. Pandya Department of Sociology, Shivaji Sonal Singh Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, University,Kolhapur Vikram University, Ujjain Mumbai Govind P. Shinde G. P. Patankar Alka Darshan Shrivastava Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Education Center, Navi Mumbai Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Rahul Shriram Sudke Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Director,Hyderabad AP India. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune S.Parvathi Devi S.KANNAN Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Annamalai University,TN Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.) Sonal Singh, Satish Kumar Kalhotra Vikram University, Ujjain Maulana Azad National Urdu University Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.net Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN 2230-7850 Volume-4 | Issue-2 | March-2014 Available online at www.isrj.net A STUDY ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY CRAFT IN THE VILLAGE OF ASHARIKANDI, DHUBRI DISTRICT OF ASSAM Sudip Ghosh Assistant Professor, Department Of Commerce , Bhola Nath College, Dhubri (Assam) Abstract:-The study reveals on “THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY CRAFT IN THE VILLAGE OF ASHARIKANDI, DHUBRI DISTRICT of ASSAM” aims to understand the overall progress in the growth and development of terracotta and pottery craft of Asharikandi in the Dhubri district of Assam. Moreover, an attempt is made to observe the socio economic condition of the artisans and also an effort made to justify the government support and assistance involved in this cluster and their involvement and encouragement to upgrade this beautiful art to compete with modern world and also an effort to bring out the problems and prospects of the craft and its future potentialities in respect of commercialisation of the art. Keywords: Development Of Terracotta , Pottery Craft , commercialisation , socio economic . INTRODUCTION BACKGROND OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY ART: The term 'TERRACOTTA' is derived from the words 'Terra' and 'Cotta'. 'Terra' means 'Earth' and 'Cotta' means 'Baked'. Both the words are of Latin and Italian origin. An object of art made of a composition of clay and sand and baked with earthen colour, a brownish red, is Terracotta. Terracotta is one of the oldest crafts that human beings ever introduced on this earth. It was once considered to be the poor men's craft. But in course of time, it has made its access and occupied a distinct identity among all classes of people by its aesthetic value. Terracotta Art in India has been flourishing since the times of Indus Valley Civilisation. Terracotta Art in India is another form of clay art of the country generally brownish orange in colour. Various excavations at Mohenjodaro and Harappa have unearthed several terracotta items in the form of various figures and figurines. Terracotta figures also have a ritualistic aspect associated with it. This becomes evident from the fact that many terracotta figures of deities are used in a number of auspicious occasions. In fact, terracotta art in India is considered mystical because it incorporates within the five vital elements like air, fire, earth, water and ether. In a number of states in India, the terracotta figures have a lot of prominence. For instance the impressive Ayanaar horse from Tamil Nadu represents the largest terracotta sculpture ever made and is constructed from coiling and beating, the same techniques used for making vessels. Although votive terracotta is made by members of the Hindu potter caste, the customer is often a member of the Tribal community. The relief plaques depicting images of Tribal deities are made in Rajasthan and the varied styles of horses and tigers recorded in Gujarat are also made for Tribal clientele. Madhya Pradesh is represented by the highly embellished elephants offered in forest shrines and also by women`s wall decoration. This involves using clay pigments and decorating techniques similar to pottery creation and modelling processes. In West Bengal the snake goddess Manasa is worshipped through a terracotta tree shrine constructed from multiple thrown and modelled parts. Another major form of West Bengal terracotta finds its artistic channel in the horses. They are famous almost all over the country for their handsome looks. In Gujarat and Rajasthan terracotta panels and storage jars painted in white are famous. In Orissa and Madhya Pradesh the roof tops with profuse terracotta works are also a part of the terracotta work. Besides, the terracotta and pottery of Madhya Pradesh is well known for their artistic excellence. The countries famous for Terracotta practice other than India are ITALY, CHINA, FRANCE, JAPAN, IRAQ, EGYPT etc. In India, the places, other than Asharikandi, where Terracotta and Sudip Ghosh,“A STUDY ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY CRAFT IN THE VILLAGE OF ASHARIKANDI, DHUBRI DISTRICT OF ASSAM ” Indian Streams Research Journal | Volume 4 | Issue 2 | March 2014 | Online & Print 1 . A Study On The Growth And Development Of Terracotta And Pottery Craft In The .............. pottery crafts are generally found, are:- Terracotta: Gorakhpur (UP); Jaipur, Molela (Rajasthan), Visnagar, Bhuj, Kutch (Gujrat); Gwalior, Bastar, Jagdalpur(MP); Darbhanga (Bihar); Katwa, Krishnanagar (WB); Dhubri(Assam) ; Bargarh (Sambalpur)(Orissa); Khamapur (Karnataka) etc. Pottery:Thanamandi (J & K); Nabha (Punjab); Saharanpur, Chunar (UP); Alwar, Khandela, Pokhran (Rajasthan); Palanpur, Bhuj, Kutch, Dabhy, Pethapur (Gujrat); Darbhanga, Siwan (Bihar); Katwa, Marajole, Krishnagar(WB); Dhubri-(Assam); Ziro (Arunachal Pradesh); Cuttak,Dhankandal (Orissa); Chittor (AP); Ootacumand, Coimbatore, Chattanipatti, Nallur (TN); Khamapur (Karnataka); Bombai (Mumbai) (Maharastra)etc. (Source Map Handicrafts of India, the Council of handicrafts Development Corporation.) In the Dhubri district of Assam, the terracotta activity is practiced widely in the village of Asharikandi. The people of this village are practiced terracotta down through several generations. Every household of the village are fully involved in terracotta activity and has taken it as the primary means of livelihood. The practice of terracotta in Asharikandi presents a unique case where pottery and terracotta are practiced in traditional way for which Asharikandi is known as Terracotta Craft Village. SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY: The dissertation report “THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY CRAFT IN THE VILLAGE OF ASHARIKANDI, DHUBRI DISTRICT” is an effort to bring out the prospect of the art and its future potentialities in respect of commercialisation of the art through improvement in various aspects as- product strategies, improvement in channel of distribution, promotion policy, proper marketing and also improvement in existing technologies of making products. The dissertation report carried out would help in:- 1.To ascertain the
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