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Sustainable Oxygen: a Low Power Approach for Providing Emergency Medical Oxygen for Spacecraft and Hospitals in Developing Countries
Portland State University PDXScholar Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations Mechanical and Materials Engineering 7-1-2011 Sustainable Oxygen: A low power approach for providing emergency medical oxygen for spacecraft and hospitals in developing countries Anndee L. Huff Evan Rhead Zdenek Zumr Evan A. Thomas Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/mengin_fac Part of the Systems Engineering Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Huff, A., Rhead, E., Zumr, Z., Thomas, E., Sustainable Oxygen: A low power approach for providing emergency medical oxygen for spacecraft and hospitals in developing countries, International Conference on Environmental Systems, Portland, Oregon, 2011 This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Sustainable Oxygen: A low power approach for providing emergency medical oxygen for spacecraft and hospitals in developing countries Anndee L. Huff 1, Evan Rhead2, Zdenek Zumr, BSME3, Evan A. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.4 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201 An oxygen concentrator targeting an 80% reduction in power demand over commercial systems is being developed using a pressure swing adsorption process. This system is targeted for a service interval five times longer than commercial systems, and is tolerant to high humidity environments—the leading cause of device failure in developing countries. This system could provide emergency medical oxygen in a spacecraft without increasing oxygen concentration in the vehicle. -
J . Org. Chem., Vol. 43, No. 14, 1978 2923 A
Notes J. Org. Chem., Vol. 43, No. 14, 1978 2923 (11) Potassium ferricyanide has previously been used to convert vic-l,2-di- carboxylate groups to double bonds. See, for example, L. F. Fieser and M. J. Haddadin, J. Am. Chem. SOC., 86, 2392 (1964). The oxidative dide- carboxylation of 1,2dicarboxyiic acids is, of course, a well-known process. See inter alia (a) C. A. Grob, M. Ohta, and A. Weiss, Helv. Chirn. Acta, 41, 191 1 [ 1958); and (b) E. N. Cain, R. Vukov, and S. Masamune, J. Chern. SOC. D, 98 (1969). 1 I I L <40 26- 40- 63- 40 63 200 Rapid Chromatographic Technique for Preparative Figure 2. Silica gel particle size6 (pm):(0) rh: (0) r/(w/2). Separations with Moderate Resolution W. Clark Still,* Michael Kahn, and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity, 1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 We wish to describe a simple absorption chromatography technique for the routine purification of organic compounds. 0 1.0 2 0 3.0 4.0 Large scale preparative separations are traditionally carried Figure 3. Eluant flow rate (in./min). out by tedious long column chromatography. Although the results are sometimes satisfactory, the technique is always time consuming and frequently gives poor recovery due to band tailing. These problems are especially acute when sam- ples of greater than 1 or 2 g must be separated. In recent years 41 several preparative systems have evolved which reduce sep- aration times to 1-3 h and allow the resolution of components having Al?f 1 0.05 on analytical TLC. -
Environmental Quality: in Situ Air Sparging
EM 200-1-19 31 December 2013 Environmental Quality IN-SITU AIR SPARGING ENGINEER MANUAL AVAILABILITY Electronic copies of this and other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) publications are available on the Internet at http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/ This site is the only repository for all official USACE regulations, circulars, manuals, and other documents originating from HQUSACE. Publications are provided in portable document format (PDF). This document is intended solely as guidance. The statutory provisions and promulgated regulations described in this document contain legally binding requirements. This document is not a legally enforceable regulation itself, nor does it alter or substitute for those legal provisions and regulations it describes. Thus, it does not impose any legally binding requirements. This guidance does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations upon any member of the public. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this document, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this document and any applicable statute or regulation, this document would not be controlling. This document may not apply to a particular situation based upon site- specific circumstances. USACE retains the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from those described in this guidance where appropriate and legally consistent. This document may be revised periodically without public notice. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 200-1-19 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CEMP-CE Washington, D.C. -
Synthesis and Applications of Monolithic HPLC Columns
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2005 Synthesis and Applications of Monolithic HPLC Columns Chengdu Liang University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Liang, Chengdu, "Synthesis and Applications of Monolithic HPLC Columns. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2005. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2233 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Chengdu Liang entitled "Synthesis and Applications of Monolithic HPLC Columns." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Chemistry. Georges A Guiochon, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Sheng Dai, Craig E Barnes, Michael J Sepaniak, Bin Hu Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Chengdu Liang entitled, “Synthesis and applications of monolithic HPLC columns.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Chemistry. -
Contamination Control by Use of Ethylene Oxide
/ CONTAMINATION CONTROL BY USE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY (Task 12) Contract NASw-2062 National Aeronautics and Space Ad .. t t' minIS ra Ion Planetary Quarantine Office Washington, D. C. 20546 :NASA-CR-126034) CONTAMINATION CONTROL BY JSE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE R.H. Stroud, et al ;Exotech, Inc.) Apr. 1972 42 P CSCL 06" EXOTECH SYSTEMS, INC. 525 School Street, S.W. Washington, D. C. 20024 Roproduced by NATIONAl TECHNICAL INFO~~V,,\ r:c~~ SeRVICE TR72-11 US Deportment of Commerce Springfield VA 22151 FOREWORD This document is a state-of-the-art summary prepared by Exotech Systems Inc. in partial fulfillment of contract NASW-2062, under the cognizance of the NASA Planetary Quarantine office. The initial purpose of the report had been to summarize the technological advances in the application of ethylene oxide, which had been developed under the NASA Planetary Quarantine program. After a review of a preliminary draft, the scope of this paper was expanded to include the technological advances developed for non-space applica tions. This state-of-the-art report should, therefore, be useful in evaluating the potential for new and further uses of ethylene oxide as a decontaminant for Planetary Quarantine related applications. i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 0 • • 0 • • • •••0••••0•• i INTRODUCT10N. .••• • 0 • •• 1 I. APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS. •• 2 IT. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • •• 6 lIT. GERMICIDAL ACTIVITY. •••••.••.. 8 A. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. • 0 8 1. Sterilant Concentration. .. 0 0 0 •• 8 2 • Exposure Time. .••..••• 0 •• 9 3. Temperature. •.......• 0 • • • 0 12 4. Humidity. .•. 0••••••0••• •• 12 5. Microorganism Age •••.•...• •• 16 B. STERILANT MIXTURES. -
Oxygen Concentrator Filter Re-Design & Testing
OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR FILTER RE-DESIGN & TESTING Michael Madea Biomedical Engineering Wyatt Albert Eleventh Annual School of Science, Engineering, and Health Symposium May 2, 2014 CLIENT f Macha Mission Hospital f Dr. John Spurrier f Mr. Melvin Mabeta f DeVilbiss Healthcare- partnering organization OXYGEN CONCENTRATORS f Purpose: Delivering concentrated oxygen for patients f Elderly with respiratory issues f Infants and children with bronchiolitis PROJECT IDENTIFICATION f Problem: Premature concentrator failure f Average life is 43% lower than expected f Non-ideal conditions- humidity and dust f Irregular maintenance f Goal: To sustain oxygen concentrator function f Increase longevity of machine f Maintain adequate oxygen output f Simplify maintenance procedures WHAT ARE OXYGEN CONCENTRATORS? f Oxygen concentrators vs. oxygen tanks f Access f Sieve beds-filter out Nitrogen f Mode of failure 21% Oxygen 95% Oxygen 78% Nitrogen 5% Other gases 1% Other gases HOW IT WORKS To the Patient Natural Air Depressurizes Oxygen Gas Nitrogen Purge Pressurizes Photo: Devilbiss Healthcare WHAT IS ZEOLITE? f Zeolite f Separates gasses f Crystal structure f Cage-like resemblance f Molecular exclusion Photo: molecularsive.org WHY IS PRESSURE IMPORTANT? f Adsorption vs. Absorption f Adsorption = Physical bond High Temperature (weak) f Absorption = Chemical Bond (strong) f Pressure Swing Adsorption f High pressure = High adsorption Adsorption Low Temperature f Low pressure = Low adsorption Increasing FIRST SOLUTION f Desiccant based filter f Removes humidity f Preserves zeolite functionality f Chose Silica Gel as desiccant PAST WORK f Designed Dehumidifying Filter f Desiccant based f Site team trip May 2013 f Evaluated prototype on site f Provided aid with repairs George Mono and Steven Bandstra 2013 RESEARCH f Desiccant vs. -
Alkali-Silica Reactivity: an Overview of Research
SHRP-C-342 Alkali-Silica Reactivity: An Overview of Research Richard Helmuth Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. With contributions by: David Stark Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. Sidney Diamond Purdue University Micheline Moranville-Regourd Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan Strategic Highway Research Program National Research Council Washington, DC 1993 Publication No. SHRP-C-342 ISBN 0-30cL05602-0 Contract C-202 Product No. 2010 Program Manager: Don M. Harriott Project Maxtager: Inam Jawed Program AIea Secretary: Carina Hreib Copyeditor: Katharyn L. Bine Brosseau May 1993 key words: additives aggregate alkali-silica reaction cracking expansion portland cement concrete standards Strategic Highway Research Program 2101 Consti!ution Avenue N.W. Washington, DC 20418 (202) 334-3774 The publicat:Lon of this report does not necessarily indicate approval or endorsement by the National Academy of Sciences, the United States Government, or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials or its member states of the findings, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations either inferred or specifically expressed herein. ©1993 National Academy of Sciences 1.5M/NAP/593 Acknowledgments The research described herein was supported by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council that was authorized by section 128 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. This document has been written as a product of Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) Contract SHRP-87-C-202, "Eliminating or Minimizing Alkali-Silica Reactivity." The prime contractor for this project is Construction Technology Laboratories, with Purdue University, and Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, as subcontractors. Fundamental studies were initiated in Task A. -
Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Electrochromatography Based on Synthetic Polymers: Designs and Applications Frantisek Svec, Eric C
Reviews Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Electrochromatography Based on Synthetic Polymers: Designs and Applications Frantisek Svec, Eric C. Peters1), David Sy´kora, Cong Yu, Jean M. J. Fre´chet* Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA Ms received: September 29, 1999; accepted: November 3, 1999 Key Words: Capillary electrochromatography; monolithic columns; synthetic polymers; stationary phase Summary Monolithic materials have quickly become a well-established station- the use of a solid stationary phase and a separation mechan- ary phase format in the field of capillary electrochromatography ism characteristic of HPLC based on specific interactions of (CEC). Both the simplicity of their in situ preparation method and solutes with a stationary phase. Therefore CEC is most com- the large variety of readily available chemistries make the monolithic monly implemented by means typical of both HPLC (packed separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. This review summarizes the con- columns) and HPCE (use of electrophoretic instrumentation). tributions of numerous groups working in this rapidly growing area, To date, both columns and instrumentation developed specifi- with a focus on monolithic capillary columns prepared from syn- cally for CEC remain scarce. thetic polymers. Various approaches employed for the preparation of the monoliths are detailed, and where available, the material proper- Although numerous groups around the world prepare CEC ties of the resulting monolithic capillary columns are shown. Their columns using a variety of approaches, the vast majority of chromatographic performance is demonstrated by numerous separa- these efforts mimic in one way or another standard HPLC tions of different analyte mixtures in variety of modes. -
Producing Nitrogen Via Pressure Swing Adsorption
Reactions and Separations Producing Nitrogen via Pressure Swing Adsorption Svetlana Ivanova Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) can be a Robert Lewis Air Products cost-effective method of onsite nitrogen generation for a wide range of purity and flow requirements. itrogen gas is a staple of the chemical industry. effective, and convenient for chemical processors. Multiple Because it is an inert gas, nitrogen is suitable for a nitrogen technologies and supply modes now exist to meet a Nwide range of applications covering various aspects range of specifications, including purity, usage pattern, por- of chemical manufacturing, processing, handling, and tability, footprint, and power consumption. Choosing among shipping. Due to its low reactivity, nitrogen is an excellent supply options can be a challenge. Onsite nitrogen genera- blanketing and purging gas that can be used to protect valu- tors, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or membrane able products from harmful contaminants. It also enables the systems, can be more cost-effective than traditional cryo- safe storage and use of flammable compounds, and can help genic distillation or stored liquid nitrogen, particularly if an prevent combustible dust explosions. Nitrogen gas can be extremely high purity (e.g., 99.9999%) is not required. used to remove contaminants from process streams through methods such as stripping and sparging. Generating nitrogen gas Because of the widespread and growing use of nitrogen Industrial nitrogen gas can be produced by either in the chemical process industries (CPI), industrial gas com- cryogenic fractional distillation of liquefied air, or separa- panies have been continually improving methods of nitrogen tion of gaseous air using adsorption or permeation. -
Identification Criteria for Qualitative Assays Incorporating Column Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
WADA Technical Document – TD2010IDCR Document Number: TD2010IDCR Version Number: 1.0 Written by: WADA Laboratory Committee Approved by: WADA Executive Committee Approval Date: 08 May, 2010 Effective Date: 01 September, 2010 IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR QUALITATIVE ASSAYS INCORPORATING COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY The ability of a method to identify a compound is a function of the entire procedure: sample preparation; chromatographic separation; mass analysis; and data assessment. Any description of the method for purposes of documentation should include all parts of the method. The appropriate analytical characteristics shall be documented for a particular assay. The Laboratory shall establish criteria for identification of a compound. 1.0 Sample Preparation The purpose of the sample preparation and chromatographic separation is to present a relatively pure chemical component from the sample to the mass spectrometer. The sample purification step can significantly change both the performance of the chromatographic system and the mass spectrometer. For example, a change in extraction solvent can selectively remove interferences and matrix components that might otherwise co-elute with the compound of interest. In addition, selective preparation procedures such as immunoaffinity extraction or fractions collected from high performance liquid chromatography separation can provide a solution that is nearly devoid of any other compounds. 2.0 Chromatographic Separation 2.1 Gas Chromatography • For capillary gas chromatography, the retention time (RT) of the analyte shall not differ by more than two (2) percent or ±0.1 minutes (whichever is smaller) from that of the same substance in a spiked urine sample, Reference Collection sample, or Reference Material analyzed contemporaneously; • Alternatively, the laboratory may choose to use relative retention time (RRT) as an acceptance criterion, where the retention time of the peak of interest is measured relative to a chromatographic reference compound (CRC). -
Column Chromatography Methods of Analysis In
The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education (JUNE), Spring 2005, 3(2):A36-A41 ARTICLE Column Chromatography Analysis of Brain Tissue: An Advanced Laboratory Exercise for Neuroscience Majors William H. Church Chemistry Department and Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106 Neurochemical analysis of discrete brain structures in to useful laboratory techniques such as standard solution experimental animals provides important information on preparation and calibration curve construction, centrifugation, synthesis, release, and metabolism changes following quantitative pipetting, and data evaluation and graphical behavioral or pharmacological experimental manipulations. presentation. Typically, only students that participate in Quantitation of neurotransmitters and their metabolites independent neuroscience research are familiar with these following unilateral drug injections can be carried out using types of quantitative skills. The usefulness of this type of standard chromatographic equipment typically found in most experimental design for understanding behavioral or undergraduate analytical laboratories. This article describes pharmacological effects on neurotransmitter systems is an experiment done in a six session (four hours each) emphasized through a final report requiring a comprehensive component of a neuroscience research methods course. The literature search. experiment provides advanced neuroscience students experience in brain structure dissection, sample preparation, and quantitation of catecholamines -
Mechanical Properties and Brittle Behavior of Silica Aerogels
Gels 2015, 1, 256-275; doi:10.3390/gels1020256 OPEN ACCESS gels ISSN 2310-2861 www.mdpi.com/journal/gels Review Mechanical Properties and Brittle Behavior of Silica Aerogels Thierry Woignier 1,2,* Juan Primera 3,4, Adil Alaoui 5, Pascal Etienne 6, Florence Despestis 6 and Sylvie Calas-Etienne 6 1 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, UMR CNRS 7263, 13397 Marseille, France 2 IRD UMR 237-Campus Agro Environnemental Caraïbes-B.P. 214 Petit Morne, 97232 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France 3 Departamento de Fisica, FEC, LUZ, 4011 Maracaibo, Venezuela; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Departamento de Física, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, 090150 Guayaquil, Ecuador 5 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Tanger, B.P. 416, 90000 Tanger, Marroco; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.E.); [email protected] (F.D.); [email protected] (S.C.-E.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-596-42-30-34. Academic Editor: Francoise Quignard Received: 15 October 2015 / Accepted: 30 November 2015 / Published: 10 December 2015 Abstract: Sets of silica gels: aerogels, xerogels and sintered aerogels, have been studied in the objective to understand the mechanical behavior of these highly porous solids. The mechanical behaviour of gels is described in terms of elastic and brittle materials, like glasses or ceramics.