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Evelyn Underhill AssociationAssociation Newsletter Volume 14— November 2004 Lives Matter: Evelyn Underhill Evelyn Underhill Dana Greene Association Whiteside Lecture, 2003 We see biography's appeal Board: Candler School of everywhere. One has only to Theology look on the shelves of new President: Dana Greene Emory University books in your local library, or check the book reviews of any Vice President: I'm delighted to be here and major newspaper. The narra- Grace Brame delighted that you are here tive of a life has alluring with me to share this explo- power. It has a beginning, ration of someone with middle and end. It tells a Second Vice President: Kathleen Staudt whom I've spent many story. It connects the subject years - Evelyn Underhill. to a context, and hence pro- Before I begin with Evelyn vides an anchor of meaning, Secretary: Underhill I want to stake or at least interpretation. Carole Crumley out a prior subject - why Through the small and large lives matter - why telling choices of a life, vicariously, lives and living extraordi- we see meaning unfold. As Treasurer: nary lives is important, es- Kierkegaard said, the problem Milo Coerper pecially for those whose with lives is they have to be work is to impart the Chris- lived forward, but can only be tian message. For Chris- understood backwards. Biog- tians, lives matter centrally. The message of raphy helps us see backwards, holistically. Christianity is embedded in a life narrative told Hence its contemporary attraction. by a community of faith haunted by a person and his provocative and inspiring life. One of the burdens of being a 21st century per- son in the West is to live at a time when ideol- ogy and liberal religious systems no longer of- Although telling lives has always been a part of fer the individual the kind of meaning, chal- the Western literary tradition, in the last twenty lenge and solace they did in the past. years life telling, biography, has become in- creasingly important. I want to maintain that > Continued on next page biography has implications for explicating Christian life as well. News & Noteworthy The Retreat House at Pleshey in the Anglican As an act of generous friendship, Mary Diocese of Chelmsford, England, occasionally Clemente Davlin, OP completed an article has retreats on Evelyn Underhill. Check its by Mary B. Durkin, OP that was left unfin- website at www.chelmsforddiocesan.sageweb. ished at her death last year. The article, co.uk “Evelyn Underhill: Her Life and Religious The literary executor of the Evelyn Underhill Thought,” has now appeared in the March/ estate is Ambassador Richard Wilkinson, Brit- April 2004 issue of Spirituality. ish Embassy, North Forest 0125, The Counts, and Santiago, Chile. Please contact him for > Continued on Page 8 question about permission to publish Underhill’s writings. 2 Of course, the use of biography for religious pur- Unleashed from the framework of meaning, the pose has its perils as any of us knowledgeable individual sinks to a kind of subjectivism which about the history of Christian hagiography knows becomes increasingly narcissistic. Ironically, the too well. The hagiographic tradition not only ide- alternative response to the disintegration of struc- alizes one's subject, but it flattens out a life, mini- tures of meaning is to re-embrace them again, mizing its inherent freedom. Hagiography knows only more forcefully. While ideology seems near the subject's answer before the question has been dead, religious fundamentalism is resurgent. This asked. Its goal is instrumental: to see the subject new orthodoxy eliminates doubt, asserts truth, in service to some other end - in this case God. and provides a basis for judgment and even The purpose of biography, on the other hand, is to vengeance. It is in this context that I see great understand the subject and the process of identity potential for biography to illuminate the creation creation. Neither hagiography nor its opposite, the of individual meaning. expose, is capable of this. Neither adulation nor hatred should motivate the biographer. To ideal- Biography also has appeal because it sets out a ize, to mock and unmask, or to consider the sub- life's inherent contradictions, perhaps never re- ject in service to some other end inhibit under- solving them, but holding them in tension. These standing. In search of this understanding the biog- contradictions do not collapse. They remain, but rapher continuously asks, "Who knows my sub- by focusing on the living through them, they be- ject?" The subject herself? Her contemporaries? come intelligible. A life can then be critiqued, but The biographer? All of the above? None of the it also can be forgiven, respected, and in short, above? By so doing the biographer asks what it is understood. As such, biography can help the to know a subject or a self. reader grasp another human life and prompt one to greater personal self-reflection. Probing for the self, the biographer finds that her subject eludes. The best I could do was to attempt Biography models how self-identity is created. to hem in the subject, to circle around her spa- Life writing shows with exquisite specificity how ciousness. In moments of reverie when I thought I a subject confronts the human condition with all had my subject cornered, locked up, figured out, its joys, sorrows, opportunities and failures, how she'd be gone. This elusiveness forced me to ac- a particular biological entity in a particular time knowledge the ineffability of the person. How- and place both finds meaning and makes it, and ever, this realization opened up the possibility “Probing for the self, the thus creates a life. By laying out the development that, like a sacrament or symbol, the person points of the subject's choices, the desires of the subject biographer finds that her beyond to the self's desired end which is actually become evident. The uncovering of these guiding active in creating the life. In this sense biography desires - be they security, fame, money, the good, subject eludes.” can be a form of primary theology. pleasure, whatever, reveals the subject's life in- tent. It was Yeats who said that there is some one My point is that biography and telling lives mat- "myth" for every person, and if we knew it it ters, especially in our time. Thus far I have sug- would help us understand all a person did and gested that the work of the biographer is like that thought. Although this may be a bit hyperbolic, of an archeologist drilling down through the de- the truth is that we are defined by what we be- bris of a life to its inner space which is always lieve, hope and love - our "myth." Those ends act unknown and mysterious. Yet we know that space as both a lure and a shaper of our decisions. By is important. It is there that personality is trans- tracking this aspect of self-identity, the biogra- formed and a new way of being in the world is pher models how this process unfolds. given birth. Finally, biography has potential to provide theo- It is in this arena that the work of Evelyn Under- logical insight. William Stringfellow claimed that hill is meaningful. She explored that space, first biography is inherently theological, that by virtue as she encountered it in the mystics, and secondly of the Incarnation every life contains the news of as she guided her contemporaries. All of Under- the gospel, that each of us is a parable. hill's writing, the 39 books and several hundred articles, are about that inner space and experience The journalist Kenneth Woodword suggests that therein. Who then is Evelyn Underhill and what is biography can be a kind of primary theology. As her contribution? Let me tell you straight away, a specific study of a life transformed by faith, there is no definition which is fully satisfactory. biography can be an example of on-going revela- On today's program Underhill is defined as an tion. And hence it can inspire, provoke, inform, ecumenist, a pacifist, a religious writer, and a challenge and prompt the reader to critical self- contemplative. None of these designations is in- examination. 3 correct, but they miss the point. She has also been In 1907 when she was 32 years old Underhill took called a Christian philosopher and a mystic; those up with vocational zeal the writing of her first terms are even more problematic. major book - a 500 page work on mysticism. The book has been in print continuously since 1911 I can remember being asked innocently enough, and has served as the principal introduction to the who is Evelyn Underhill? This was after I had topic in the English-language until about 1970. worked on the Underhill biography for seven Writing it was a prodigious labor for which she years. I was speechless. Not merely because I consulted 1000 sources. The subtitle of this book, believe that every person is ineffable, but I knew "A Study of the Nature and Development of too well the limitation of each of the monikers Man's Spiritual Consciousness," is revealing be- applied to her. Of course, I could have easily cause it establishes that her subject is humanity fallen back to the historical designation and itself, especially humanity in its relationship to locked her in terms of time and place - 1875- the divine. In some limited sense she gives evi- 1941 - London, Kensington. Since her world was dence to Feurerbach's claim that all theology is a fairly narrow one, I could have even gotten it really anthropology.