9582 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 1 provided free are those used in the hos­ that the patient will go. to another physician, The second plan, which is subject to hoping for a different professional judgment; a deductible feature not to exceed 25 pital and nursing home, and that each or that he will postpone the treatment he laboratory test and X-ray, provided on needs. percent of costs, is broadly conceived to an outpatient basis, requires a $20 de­ Alternatively, the physician may accept the include doctor's services up to $5 for ductible for each diagnostic study on an patient's plea that he can :finance the cost each, surgical charges up to a $300 max­ outpatient basis? The cost estimate for of care only through the mechanism of H.R. imum, unlimited hospital room and this feature is given as just 0.01. Do 4222 (the administration bill), and then board for semiprivate- accommodations, they know that the 240 visits promised as choose the lesser of two evils: treatment in charges for drugs and medicines which part of the home health services are an­ an improper facility simply because it is require a doctor's prescription, blood or covered by the program, or no treatment at ticipated to be in such.short supply, be­ all because the patient refuses to undergo blood plasma not donated or replaced, c:-iuse of the shortage of people capable treatment except. at Government expense. anesthetics and oxygen, rental of dur­ of giving these services, that they are In this case, the physician's medical decision able medical or sugical equipment such figured to cost only 0.05 percent of pay­ has been influenced by nonprofessional con-: as hospital beds or wheelchairs, diagnos­ roll? The major cost in the bill is, sig­ siderations. Further, if the doctor accedes tic X-rays and other diagnostic and nificantly enough, 0.52 percent of pay­ to the patient's request, however unwill­ laboratory tests, X-ray, radium and roll for hospital benefits. These cost ingly, he risks censure by the "hospital utili­ radioactive isotope treatment, and up to zation committee" and the possible. rejection $16 per day for a registered nurse-for estimates-which most Americans un­ of his claim by HEW. derstandably are not familiar with-are I do no-t claim, Mr. Chairman, that some up to $480 in any calendar year. This the fine print on the premium which is individual patients might not receive per­ package f1Jrther provides convalescent offered by the administration bill. We fectly adequate treatment under the pro­ care up to $6 per day-for up to $540 for should look well to them. gram • * • [because] the needs of their any calendar year-following discharge Mr. Speaker, at a time when costs are cases would fall within the bill's imposed from the hospital. mounting rapidly, is it wise public policy limitations • • •. And never forget that the substan­ to enact legislation which, as we have But many of the aged will receive a lower tially more adequate care provided quality of medical care simply because the seen, depends almost exclusively on services covered do not represent the full through this means not only preserves treatment in a hospital as the means of range of facilities required by the physician the vital free-choice principle, but pro­ providing medical care for our senior for optimal treatment. You cannot reduce tects us against Government medicine oy citizens? We know that hospital costs the physician's armamentarium of treatment using the time-tested ability and ex­ have increased by 109.7 percent from facilities without reducing the effect of his perience of the voluntary insurance 1950 to 1961 and by the staggering figure skill in the process. method. of 376.8 percent from 1940 to 1961. They Let us all be very clear that the bill Mr. Speaker, a spokesman for the aged represent, by all odds, the greatest in­ advocated by the administration is themselves recently described the heart crease for the same periods of any kind limited not only as to the .kind of pro­ of our problem today. He said: of medical care. Physicians' fees, for tection it provides. It is also limited in Our people feel that really they are given example, increased by just 43 percent the degree to which it can provide the two alternatives. . One alternative is, get from 1950 to 1961 and the costs of pre­ kind of services it promises through lack rich. If you get rich you have the means for scriptions and drugs rose by just 16.7 of manpower and facilities. And, as I all kinds of medical care. But it is too late percent during the same period. have said, it is limited as to its coverage, in the game for our people. They cannot With the alternative of relatively free confining its protection capriciously and get rich any more if they had not done it hospital care as opposed to being charged up to now. So they are given another al­ compulsorily to a selected group of the ternative-get poor. But this they don't for care in the doctor's office for a rela­ American people. want. They don't like to get poor. Our tively minor ailment, how will the Now let us compare the limited States and cities are saying if you get poor patient react? In his testimony before coverage and benefit package provided the welfare department will take care of the Committee on Ways and Means, Dr. in the administration proposal with the you. Leonard Larson, representing the Amer­ kind of protection which will become ican Medical Association, posed the doc­ My bill will make it possible for all of available under my bill. H.R. 11466 the older people in these circumstances tor's dilemma under such circumstances offers a choice between two plans which, in the following words: to afford the kind of protection they de­ according to reliable insurance carriers, serve and must have without recourse to Pressure will be exerted by the patient and could be purchased for $125 a year. his family _upon the doctor in an effort to a visit to the welfare office. They can force him to flt the treatment, willy-nilly, The first plan is keyed to hospital and obtain this protection in a manner they into the services provided by the pro­ nursing home care, including surgical understand and are accustomed to us­ gram • • *. charges, diagnostic, laboratory and X­ ing-the familiar income tax form. And Let us say that a patient needs treatment ray services, and drugs used in hos­ they can do so in a manner which pre­ of a sort not covered by the program and pitals. Payment of all charges under serves their self-respect as well as their therefore not reimbursable under it. this plan are made by the insurance The physician is confronted with two un­ carrier for hospital room and board up health. I urge enactment of this legis­ satisfactory courses of action • * •. to $12 per day-for up to $1,080 in a lation during this session of the Congress. On the one hand, he may follow his best calendar year-for convalescent care up Enough with claims, counterclaims, cir­ professional judgment and refuse to recom­ cuses, and commercials. We have, at mend a course of treatment covered under to $6 per day-for up to $186 in any the program. For example, he may decide calendar year-for surgical charges ac­ long last, a sound, safe, and typically the patient is better treated at the physi­ cording to a fee schedule with a $300 American solution for the problem cian's office and that hospitalization is not maximum, and for all other items listed which, all of us agree, faces our senior required. In such a case, it is not unlikely above. citizens. Let us put it to work.

servant, the Psalmist of old, as he poured DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI­ SENATE out his soul, declaring "At noon, I will DENT PRO TEMPORE FRIDAY, JUNE 1, 1962 pray and call aloud and the Lord shall The legislative clerk read the following hear my voice." letter: U.S. SENATE, The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Speak to us and through us, that we PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, and was called to order by Hon. LEE may be the channels of healing good will Washington, D.C., June 1, 1962. METCALF, a Senator from the State of for this tangled and tragic time. To the Senate: Montana. 0 Being temporarily absent from the Sen­ Thou Kindly Light, lead us on ate, I appoint Hon. LEE METCALF, a Senator The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown through the passing shadows to the :Crom the State of Montana, to perform the Harris, D.D., offered the following effulgence of Thy coming kingdom's duties of the Chair during my absence. prayer: sway, when it shall be daylight every­ CARL HAYDEN, Lord of all being, again in Thy bounti­ where. President pro temporer ful mercy we bow at this altar of Thy In the spirit of the Master we pray. Mr. METCALF thereupon took the grace with the sure confidence of Thy Amen. chair as Acting President pro tempore. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9583 THE JOURNAL an armed force to entrust funds to other dous loss to the State of Arizona and to officers of an armed force; the America which he loved so deeply. On request of Mr. MANSnELD, and by H.R. 9466. An act for the relief of Sfc. unanimous consent, the reading of the Jesse 0. Smith; and To me, it was a heavy personal loss. Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, H.R. 11261. An act to authorize an ade­ Senator Ashurst was a beloved friend May 29, 1962, was dispensed with. quate White House Poli~e force, and for who exercised much influence on my life, other purposes. both personally, and politically. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT A message in writing from the Presi­ HENRY FOUNTAIN ASHURST LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING dent of the United States was communi­ Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, it was MORNING HOUR cated to the Senate by Mr. Ratchford, with deep sadness and a sense of pro­ On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by one of his secretaries. found loss that I learned of the passing unanimous consent, statements during yesterday of Henry Fountain Ashurst, the morning hour were ordered limited MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE who was one of Arizona's flrst two Sena­ to 3 minutes. tors, and who served with distinction in A message from the House of Repre­ this body from April 2, 1912, until sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its January 3, 1941, a period of more than EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. reading clerks, announced that the 29 years. I came over from the House of House had disagreed to the amendments Representatives in 1927, and enjoyed his The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 10788) friendship, confidence, and cooperation pore laid before the Senate the following to amend section 204 of the Agricultural for the following 13 years. communications and letters, which were Act of 1956; agreed to the conference One of the flrst burdens placed upon referred as indicated: asked by the Senate on the disagreeing us was to defend the rights of the State TRANSFER OF .ALASKA COMMUNICATION votes of the two Houses thereon, and of Arizona in the use of the waters of the SYSTEM that Mr. COOLEY, Mr. POAGE, Mr. GATH­ Colorado River, which we did in a filibus­ A communication from the President of INGS, Mr. HOEVEN, and Mr. MCINTIRE ter against the enactment of the Swing­ the United States, transmitting, pursuant to were appointed managers on the part of Johnson bill to authorize the construc­ law, a report of the Secretary of Defense, the House at the conference. tion of what is now the Hoover Dam. relating to the transfer of the Alaska Com­ The message also announced that the munication System (with accompanying We did not prevent the building of papers); to the Committee on Armed Serv­ House had agreed to the amendment of that great structure, but I am pleased to ices. the Senate to each of the following bills say that the arguments we then ad­ of the House: REPORT OF AD Hoc COMMITTEE ON FEDERAL vanced were found to 'be justifiable in OFFICE SPACE H.R. 1347. An act for the relief of Adolf M. the findings made by the master selected Bailer; and A communication from the President of by the Supreme Court of the United the United States, transmitting, for the in­ H.R. 5652. An act for the relief of Kevork States to report upon the issues involved Toroian. formation of the Senate, a report to the in the case of Arizona versus California President by the Ad Hoc Committee on Fed­ The message further announced that now under consideration by the Justices eral Office Space (with an accompanying re­ the House had agreed to the amend­ of that Court. port); to the Committee on Public Works. ments of the Senate to the joint resolu­ In my five decades of public life, I REPORT ON CONTRACT FOR APOLLO SPACECRAFT tion (H.J. Res. 638) for the relief of cer­ have known perhaps a thousand public A letter from the Administrator, National tain aliens who are serving in the U.S. figures who have achieved prominence. Aeronautics and Space Administration, Armed Forces. They included Presidents of the Repub­ Washington, D.C., reporting, pursuant to lic; Senators and Representatives; Gov­ law, on a contract for the Apollo spacecraft; to the Committee on Aeronautical and Space ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED ernors and State legislators; business leaders and labor leaders. None of them Sciences. The message also announced that the exceeded Henry Ashurst in the humility INCREASE OF OBLIGATIONS UNDER SECOND Speaker had affixed his signature to the of greatness, the passion for justice, the LIBERTY BOND ACT following enrolled bills, and they were devotion to his native land, and the lov­ A letter from the Secret~ry of the Treas­ signed by the Acting President pro tem­ ury, transmitting a draft of proposed legis­ ing kindness that the prophets of old lation to increase temporarily the amount pore: commanded man to show to his fellow of obligations, issued under the Second Lib­ S. 107. An act to authorize the Secretary man. erty Bond Act, which may be outstanding of the Interior to construct, operate, and In electing Henry Ashurst and con­ at any one time (with an accompanying maintain the Navajo Indian irrigation proj­ tinuing him for nearly 30 years as its paper); to the Committee on Finance. ect and the initial stage of the San Juan­ U,S. Senator, the .then youngest State Chama project as participating projects of REPORT ON REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATION OF the Colorado River storage project, and for of our Union earned the admiration and . CERTAIN MINING CLAIMS other purposes; • the respect of her sister States. No A letter from the Comptroller General of S. 971. An act for the relief of Salvatore longer could it be suggested that erudi­ the United States, transmi~ting, pursuant to Briganti; tion and wisdom, urbanity and wit, ·could law, a report on the review of .administra­ S. 3157. An act to repeal subsection (a) of not be found west of the Alleghenies. tion of mining claims located on national section 8 of the Public Buildings Act of 1959, On the occasion of his 80th birthday, forest lands reserved from the public domain, limiting the area in the District of Columbia Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Henry Ashurst said that at that age a January 1962 (with an accompanying re­ within which sites for public buildings may man has atoned, or tried to atone, for be acquired; port); to the Committee on Government H.R. 1395. An act for the relief of Sydney the wrongs he has committed, and has Operations. Gruson; forgotten the wrongs, if any, committed SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS OF CERTAIN RESIDENTS H.R. 1404. An act for the relief of Mrs. against him. Of Henry Ashurst it can be OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS Frances Mangiaracina; said that he did not have to reach 80 A letter from the Assistant Secretary of H.R. 1712. An act for the relief of Elizabeth to make such an affirmation. The con­ the Interior, transmitting a draft of proposed Rose DiCarlo; cluding words of his published diary legislation to provide for the settlement of H.R. 2103. An act for the relief of Antonio declare: · claims of certain residents of the Trust Ter­ C. Ysrael; ritory of the Pacific Islands (with an accom­ H.R. 2672. An act for the relief of Sonia It is a comforting assurance that nothing in this diary will cause pain to any living panying paper); to the Committee on Inte­ Maria Smith; rior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 2839. An act for the relief of Mildred person or bring reproach to the memory of Love Hayley; anyone who is dead. REPORT ON F'INANCIAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERl:CAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW H.R. 4783. An act to grant constructive That is indeed the epitome of Henry service to members of the Coast Guard A letter from the executive director, The Women's Reserve for the period from July Ashurst. American Society of International Law, 25, 1947, to November 1, 1949; Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I Washington, D.C., transmitting, pursuant to H.R. 8368. An act for the relief of A. was deeply grieved yesterday to receive law, a report of the financial transactions of Eugene Congress; news of the passing of my old friend and that society, for the period April 1, 1961- H.R. 8570. An act to amend title 10, United Arizona's great former Senator, Henry March 31, 1962 (with an accompanying re­ States Code, to permit disbursing officers of Fountain Ashurst. This was a tremen- port); to the Committee on the Judiciary. 9584 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - SENATE- June 1 PHILIPPINE WAR DAMAGE CLAIMS to transmit copies of this resolution to the without regard for the recommendations of President and Vice President of the United the Presidential Railroad Commission, on The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ States, the the Speaker of the House of Rep­ bases which will m.a.In.tain existing jobs and pore. The Chair is in receipt of a com­ resentatives, to the majority .and minority­ improve and enhance wages and working munication, with an accompanying copy leaders of both Houses of Congress and to conditions of railroad employees. A copy of of a resolution of the House of Repre­ each member of the Louisiana congressional this resolution shall be forwarded to the sentatives of the Republic of the Philip­ delegation. ., President of the United States, the Secre­ pines, relative the Philippine war tary of Labor, Members of the Senate and to "Speaker of the House of Repr;senta­ House of Representatives, the Governor of damage bill pending before the U .s. tives. Kansas, State senators and representatives, Congress. .. and the presidents of the rail unions in­ If there be no objection, the Chair will "Lieutenant Governor and President of volved. lay this matter before the Senate, and the Senate." D. J. SAIA, Chairman. refer it to the Committee on Foreign A resolution adopted by the Board of Relations. Aldermen of the City of Chelsea, Mass., The Chair hears no objection, and it favoring the enactment of legislation to pro­ REPORTS OF A COMMITTEE vide medical care for the aged under the is so ordered. social security system; to the Committee on. The following reports of a committee Finance. were submitted: By Mr. YARBOROUGH, from the Com­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS mittee on Post Office and Civil Service, With­ Petitions, etc., were laid before the RESOLUTION OF BOARD OF COUN­ out amendment: Senate, or presented, and referred as TY COMMISSIONERS, CRAWFORD H.R. 7061. An act to amend title 39 of the indicated: COUNTY, KANS. United States Code to provide for payment for unused compensatory time owing to de­ By the ACTING PRESIDENT pro Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, the ceased postal employees, and for other pur­ tempore: Board of County Commissioners of poses (Rept. No. 1539); and A concurrent resolution of the Legislature Crawford County, Kans., unanimously H.R. 7416r An act to authorize the Bu­ of the State of Louisiana; ordered to lie on reau of the Census to make appropriate re­ the table: adopted a resolution in regard to the re­ port of the Presidential Railroad Com­ imbursements between the respective ap­ "HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 27 mission as filed with the President of the propriations available to the Bureau, and for other purposes (Rept~ No. 1540). "Whereas agriculture remains the No. 1 United States on February 28, 1962. industry in the State of Louisiana, farm­ I ask unanimous consent that this level receipts from farm marketing(s} being $399,877,000 in 1961; and resolution be printed in the RECORD, and BILL AND JOINT RESOLUTION "Whereas agriculture ln Louisiana has referred to the appropriate committee. INTRODUCED made remarkable progress in recent years There being no objection, the resolu­ through its ab111ty to supplement its row tion was referred to the Committee on .\ bill and a joint resolution were intro­ erops, with livestock. and livestock products, Commerce, and ordered to be printed in duced, read the first time, and, by unani­ such livestock and livestock products ac­ the RECORD, as fallows: mous consent, the second time, and re­ counting for $147,690,000 in cash receipts to f erred as follows: Louisiana. farmers in 1961; and .RESOLUTION BY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMIS­ SIONERS OF CRAWFORD COUNTY, KANS. By Mr. WILEY: ".Whereas it is. estimated that without . S. 3366. A bill to require disclosure of the limitations imposed by the Federal Govern­ Whereas thjs commission o! Crawford effectiveness of filters on cigarettes dis­ ment upon the freedom of choice of Louisi­ County in the State of Kansas, duly assem­ tributed in commerce, and for other pur­ ana producers, the number of beef-brood bled, has considered the report of the Presi­ poses; to the Committee on Commerce. cows in our great State may double in the dential Railroad Commission filed with the · (See the remarks of Mr. WILEY when he next decade from its present level of 850,000 President of the United States on February introduced the above bill, which appear un­ head; and 28, 1962; and der a separate heading.) "Whereas the dairy industry in Louisiana Whereas this commission finds that the By Mr.PELL: is now able to furnish the citizens of this recommendations of the Presidential Rail­ S.J. Res. 194. Joint resolution granting the growing State with an adequate supply of road Commission, if given effect, would re­ consent of Congress to the States of Massa­ fresh milk which is unparalleled in its duce the number of jobs of railroad engineers, chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New quality and wholesomeness, and provides helpers (firemen), conductors, brakemen, York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Louisiana dairymen a farm-level income now and switchmen by nearly half, with resultant Maryland, and the District of Columbia to approaching $80 million annually; and serious impairment of safety and efficiency negotiate and enter into a compact to estab­ "Whereas legislation now being considered of railroad operations, would require more lish a multi-State authority to construct in the Congress of the United States, H.R. work of employees at lower rates of pay, and operate a passenger r.ail transportation 11222, known as the administration's farm would deprive railroad operating. employees system within the area of such States and bill, could severely restrict the growth and of the fruits of collective bargaining gained the District of Columbia.; to the Committee prosperity of these industries seeking to im­ in many years of negotiation, and would -0n the Judiciary. pose restrictions on the amount of milk also, by reason of abolition of existing rail­ (See the remarks of Mr. PELL when he in­ which can be produced within the State of road terminals in Kansas and elsewhere, de­ troduced the above joint resolution, which Louisiana, and by putting a definite limita­ stroy many railroad communities and cause appear under a separate heading.) tion, With penalties, on any further expan­ the dislocation of homes of thousands of sion of the llvestock industry in Louisiana railroad workers; and Whereas it is the sense of the members of by limiting the freedom of each !armer to RESOLUTION produce feed grains for such livestock; and this commission that in these times any "Whereas the 1962 farm bill contains fur­ proposal producing additional unemploy­ INVESTIGATION OF FAILURE OF IN­ ther provisions to permit the Federal Gov­ ment, longer working hours at lower rates of DIVIDUALS TO COMPLETE THEIR ernment to take over farmlands, to convert pay, the decimation of railroad communities them into recreation areas or for other in Kansas and elsewhere, as well as impair­ EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS OR COL­ 'more economic uses' other than agricultural ment of railroad safety, service, and effi­ LEGES which are not defined, and which also con­ ciency, is un-American, injurious to our tain provisions for enforced land reform national and local economies, contrary to Mr. WILEY submitted a resolution (S. patterned after agrarian reform policies sim­ established trends in labor relations, and de­ Res. 348) to investigate failure of in­ ilar to those in Cuba and China: Now, there­ teriorative of the general well-being of our dividuals to complete their education in fore, be it country, and must be condemned as such: schools or colleges, which was referred to "Resolved by the House of Representa­ Therefore be it the Committee on Labor and Public Wel­ tives of the State of Louisiana (the Senate Resolved, and it is hereby the decision of fare. concurring), That each and every member this commission, That the report of the (See the above resolution printed in of the Louisiana congressional delegation Presidential Railroad Commission of Febru­ full when submitted by Mr. WILEY, which · is respectively urged to vigorously oppose ary 28, 1962, be disapproved and condemned and vote against the enactment of the ad­ as an unfair, inappropriate, and ruinous pro­ appears under a separate heading.) ministration's 1962 farm bill in its present posal for settlement of the wages and work form, or any legislation which would further rules disputes on the Nation's railroads; and Impair the income or freedom of farmers in be it further A CHEESE CHARCOAL CIGARETTE this State and the American free enterprise Resolved, That existing controversies be­ FILTER system; and be it further . tween the railroads and their employees con­ "Resolved, That the clerk of the house of cerning .wages, rules, and working conditions Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, a citizen representatives be and he is hereby directed ought to be resolved in collective bargaining, of my State is of the opinion that a 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9585 cheese charcoal filter !or cigarettes would they are due to smoking they should be pre­ SMOKER'S COUGH reduce the nicotine and tar content from ventable." Chronic bronchitis is a frequent cause of the cigarette smoke. He claims to have "The harmful effects of cigarette smoking death, particularly among middle-aged and might be reduced by efficient filters, by leav­ elderly men, as well as a common disabling proof of the effectiveness of such a filter. ing longer cigarette stubs, or by changing disease. The disease usually starts with per­ After reading an article published in from cigarette to pipe or cigar smoking." sistent coughing and the production of the June issue of the Reader's Digest, The report had immediate repercussions phlegm (productive cough). Then the on a finding by the British Royal College in Parliament. It also stirred some nervous bronchial tubes become infected and, even­ of Physicians in regard to the effect of activity in Washington, where bureaucrats tually, persistent breathlessness may develop. cigarette smoking on health, I am in­ and Congressmen have dodged or pigeon­ In many cases the infection and breathless­ holed the smoking-health issue for the past ness bring on heart failure and death. troducing at the request of my constitu­ 10 years. Tobacco industry spokesmen issued ent a bill to inquire into the effective­ "Smoking causes cough and expectoration," the standard rejoinder that the evidence the report states. "Most people with smok­ ness of cheese filters on cigarettes. was merely "old data without new research er's cough lose this symptom when they stop I ask that the Reader's Digest article findings," but the statement sounded weaker smoking. Many studies have shown that the be printed in the RECORD following my and more pathetic than ever. lungs of smokers are, on the average, im­ remarks. Sir Robert Platt president of the Royal paired compared to those of nonsmokers, par­ Let me say that my constituent claims College of Physicians commented: "Natu­ ticularly with respect to bronchial airflow, rally every possible opposition has been raised Dr. W. Richard Doll and Professor (Sir Aus­ that a cheese charcoal filter has been to the idea that these diseases are due to tin) Bradford Hill found a steady increase perfected, and the laboratory work on it cigarette smoking. But not one of the op­ of bronchitis deaths among heavy smokers. is completed. He says that the utiliza­ posing theories will hold water whereas Those who smoked more than 26 cigarettes tion of cheese for it would be in such everything confirms the evidence against a day had a death rate from bronchitis six quantity that it would have a very bene­ cigarettes." times greater than that of nonsmokers. In ficial effect upon the dairy products sur­ SMOKER'S LUNGS the United States, Dr. Harold F. Dorn found plus problem. This follows my idea that "During the past 46 years" the report ex­ that death from bronchitis and emphysema commercial utilization of the constitu­ plained "lung cancer has changed from an was three times as frequent in regular ciga­ infrequent to a major cause of death in many rette smokers as in nonsmokers." ents of milk would aid in solving the milk countries. To account for this increase it is Cigarettes may not be the sole or chief surplus problem. necessary to postulate some causative agent cause of bronchitis, the report emphasizes; The Reader's Digest article should to which human lungs have been newly and other factors, chiefly air pollution, probably cause us to stop, look, and listen; and increasingly exposed during the present cen­ play a part. But "cigarette smoking often this bill should be appropriately referred, tury. Cigarette smoke is such an agent and causes productive cough which predisposes to and hearings on it should be had. Not there is now a great deal of evidence that it the disabling and fatal forms of bronchitis only is the health of our people involved, an important cause of this disease." under the influence of other factors. Ciga­ Since 1953 at least 23 investigations in 9 rette smoking should be regarded as an im­ but this practical suggestion for handling different countries have reported on the rela­ portant contributing factor rendering many our surplus dairy products problem tionship between lung cancer and smoking. men and women liable to a disease which they merits careful study. "All these studies" the report states "have might have escaped had they not smoked." shown that death rates from lung cancer in­ Mr. President, I now introduce the bill, SMOKER'S HEART and request its appropriate reference; crease steeply with increasing consumption of cigarettes. Heavy cigarette smokers may Coronary heart disease is a more frequent and I submit the article from the Read­ have 30 times the death rate of nonsmokers. cause of death among cigarette smokers than er's Digest, and ask that it be printed at They also have shown that cigarette smokers among nonsmokers. But the British report this point in the RECORD. are much more affected than pipe or cigar does not find evidence that cigarette smok­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ smokers (who do not inhale) and that the ing is a cause of coronary heart disease. pore. The bill will be received ·and ap­ group which had given up smoking at the Nonsmokers, too, commonly have coronaries start of the survey had a lower death rate although "those who give up smoking have propriately referred; and, without ob­ a reduced death rate." jection, the article will be printed in the than those who had continued to smoke." This strong staitistical association between "The association of coronaries with smok­ RECORD. cigarette smoking and lung cancer is sup­ ing," the Royal College finds, "is clearest in The bill (S. 3366) to require disclosure ported by compatible though not conclusive middle age; and then various other factors of the effectiveness of filters on cigarettes laboratory and pathological evidence." Some such as mental strain, sedentary occupation, distributed in commerce, and for other 16 substances capable of initiating cancer in and indulgence in fatty foods, which are purposes, introduced by Mr. WILEY, was animals have been identified 1n tobacco thought to increase liability to coronary smoke. In addition to these carcinogens the thrombosis, are also commonly associated received, read twice by its title, and re­ with heavy smoking. It seems reasonable to smoke contains a variety of irritants which f erred the Committee on Commerce. cause precancerous changes. These have at present to agree with the recent statement The article presented by Mr. WILEY is been noted in the lungs and bronchial tis­ of the committee on smoking and cardiovas­ as follows: sues of smokers who have died of causes other cular disease of the American Heart Associa­ LUNG CANCER AND CIGARETTES-HERE ARE THB than lung cancer. tion, that present evidence 'strongly suggests LATEST FINDINGS that heavy cigarette smoking may contribute ADDRESSED TO DOUBTERS to or accelerate the development of coronary (Britain's Royal College of Physicians The Royal College report devotes a full disease or its complications,' at least in men examines the effect of smoking on health section to the theories advanced by .those under the age of 55." and issues a clear and stern warning.) who doubt the cause-and-effect relation­ (By Lois Mattox Miller) ship. "None of these explanations fits all SMOKER'S ULCER Out of London last March came a chill the facts as well as the obvious one that Tobacco smoke has demonstrable reactions blast which sobered cigarette smokers and smoking is a cause of lung cancer." in the stomach and intestines. Gastric jolted the tobacco industry on both sides of How about air pollution, onto which the hunger contractions, for example, cease after the Atlantic. The venerable 444-year-old tobacco propagandists try desperately to shift a few puffs on a cigarette. Nonsmokers Royal College of Physicians, which never the blame? In Smoking and Health," the seem to have better appetites than smokers; deals with trivia or sensationalism, com­ investigators point to the lung-cancer death and ex-smokers commonly put on weight as pleted an exhaustive study and published a rates of smokers and nonsmokers who live soon as they quit the habit. While there is fact-filled report, "Smoking and Health," in cities, in rural areas and even in coun­ no evidence that smoking causes gastric or intended to give to doctors and others, tries where air pollution is virtually un­ duodenal ulcers, most physicians have seen evidence on the hazards of smoking so that known. an adverse effect of heavy smoking on pa­ they may decide what should be done. Finland, for example, which has the sec­ tients who already have stomach ulcers. The Royal College report stated unequiv­ ond highest lung-cancer death rate in Eu­ The Royal College report states that the ocally: rope is essentially a rural country which has "effect of smoking on the healing of gastric "Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung little air pollution but a population of heavy ulcers has been carefully recorded in a con­ trolled study in Britain." Hospital patients cancer and bronchitis, and probably con­ smokers. "This suggests that smoking 1s more important than air pollution," the re­ with gastric ulcers (all smokers) were divided tributes to the development of coronary port concludes. Moreover, "it is clear that into two groups. Group A was told to quit heart disease and various less common at all levels of air pollution cigarette smok­ 1:1moking, group B was not; otherwise, both diseases." ers suffer a risk of lung cancer which in­ received the same medical treatment. "It "Cigarette smokers have the greatest risk creases with the number of cigarettes was noticeable that in patients who con­ of dying from these diseases, and the risk is smoked, and even in the most rural areas of tinued to smoke, the ulcer actually increased greater for the heavier smokers." the United Kingdom L .:avy cigarette smok­ in size while this deterioration was not ob­ "The many deaths from these diseases ers develop lung cancer 15 to 20 times as served in any of those who gave up smoking." present a challenge to medicine; insofar as frequently as nonsmokers." The conclusion: "Smoking does not appear 9586 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 1 to be a cause of ulcers in the stomach and rettes ·in lung cancer. But, unfortunately, compact to establish a multi-State au­ duodenum but probably exacerbates and per­ some of the Surgeon General's colleagues had thority to modernize and operate a pas­ petuates them." written into the report a brief paragraph senger rail transportation system along THE WORD TO DOCTORS which downgraded and dismissed filtertips even as partial health protection, and the the present right-of-way between Wash­ "Patients with bronchitis, peptic ulcer, Federal Trade Commission seized upon this ington and Boston. and arterial disease should be advised to convenient excuse to sweep the whole issue Mr. President, it is my strong belief stop smoking," the Royal College suggests to of the tar and nicotine content of American that the establishment of a multi-State doctors. "Even a smoker's cough may be an cigarettes under the carpet.1 authority to operate this passenger serv­ indication that the habit should be given There have been, however, a few faint but up." ice would represent a long-range solution encouraging signs of a change of heart. Dr. to the rail passenger needs along this The report observed that the proportion of Michael B. Shimkin of the National Cancer nonsmoking British doctors has doubled in Institute has come out publicly in support line. It is not enough to gage our sights recent years from 24 percent in 1951 to 50 of the American Cancer Society's proposal at somehow managing to get through percent in 1961. "The doctor who smokes for a Federal regulation requiring . tnat all another 3 months or even 3 years. It is, cigarettes must, like any other individual, packages be clearly labeled with the tar and indeed, also high time that we take ad­ balance these risks against the pleasures he nicotine content of the cigarettes. vantage of technological advances which derives from smoking and make his choice. Following the publication of the Royal are available to us. A serious and de­ But the doctor who smokes will lessen the College report (but only then), it was dis­ tailed study of the very best modern effect of public education concerning the closed that a House Appropriations sub­ facilities should be made. There is no consequences of the habit and will find it committee had heard the testimony, in harder to help his patients who need to stop closed sessions, a month earlier, of physicians reason why our citizens should not be smoking." from the National Institutes of Health. afforded comfortable, fast, air-condi­ PREVENTIVE MEASURES They stressed the overwhelming evidence tioned and noiseless travel, which is not The Royal College report is not the first linking cigarette smoking with lung cancer only essential to their well being, but also comprehensive analysis to be made of the and other diseases, and urged an educational to the prosperity of this region, which smoking-health problem. But it is probably campaign on the hazards of smoking. contributes such a large proportion of the best factual statement, buttressed by The FTC, apparently, has been holding its the wealth and industry of our Nation. over 200 citations of scientific sources, to be own closed-door meetings to find some way The general reaction to my recent pro­ written in the plain English which the aver­ out of its quandary. The trade paper, Ad­ posal has been most heartening. In fact, age layman can understand. (Besides being vertising Age, quoted Byron H . Jacques, head widely summarized in the British press, the of the FTC bureau of trade practice confer­ 10 newspapers up and down the eastern first 15,000 copies of "Smoking and Health" ences and industry guides, as admitting: "If seaboard between here and Boston, have were sold out on publication day and it since there is really a significant difference in the supported all or part of this proposal. I has become a paperback best seller.) health hazards involved in filter-tips com­ am more than ever convinced that prac­ "Smoking and Health" is also the first pared with nonfilters, some change in our tical aspects and feasibility of the plan report to spell out a practical program of attitude might be necessary." should be further explored and imple... preventive measures for the individual and The FTC has long argued that it needs mented. the Government. Some specific recom­ scientific authority .and new legislation to Mr. President, I very much hope that mendations: handle the job properly. But many well­ More public education, and especially of informed Washington lawyers maintain that the Congress will soon take favorable schoolchildren, concerning the hazards of the Federal Government (Food and Drug action on this joint resolution for I am smoking. "The Central Council for Health Administration, FTC, or USPHS) has all the convinced that its passage would stimu­ Education and local authorities spent less authority it needs under present laws, in­ late the States concerned to move for­ than £5,000 ($14,000) in 1956-60, while the cluding the broad Federal Hazardous Sub­ ward on the negotiation of the compact tobacco manufacturers spent· £38 million stances Act, which went into effect in July so that a multi-State public authority ($107 million) on advertising their goods 1960. Many cigarette manufacturers state, could be established at the earliest prac­ during this period. Such public education privately, that they would welcome package ticable date. I ask unanimous consent might advise safer smoking habits (filter­ labeling and standardized testing but (for tips, longer stubs, preference for pipes or sound legal reasons) only if the Government that the joint resolution be printed in cigars) for those whose addiction is too takes the initiative and tells them what to the RECORD. strong to be broken." do. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ More effective restrictions on the sale of So the question is: Who will take the ini­ pore. The joint resolution will be re­ tobacco to children ("cigarettes are freely tiative? Perhaps we shall have to wait until ceived and appropriately referred; and, available in slot machines"). Wider re­ (as seems likely) the British set the prece­ without objection, will be printed in the strictions on smoking in public places. dent and shame us into following their lead. RECORD. · Raise the tax on cigarettes, and perhaps Meanwhile, this observation in a well-known lower taxes on pipe tobacco and cigars. British medical journal, the Lancet, should The joint resolution (S.J. Res. 194) ("Pipe smokers incur a considerbly smaller be pondered in Washington: "Future his­ granting the consent of Congress to the risk than cigarette smokers. The risk in torians will have views on our failure to find States of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, those who smoke only cigars is even smaller even a partial solution to the problem of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and may be no greater than that for non­ smoking during the first 10 years after its Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and smokers.") dangers were revealed. The enormous and the District of Columbia to negotiate and "Since filters vary in efficiency, it would be increasing number of deaths from smoker's enter into a compact to establish a multi­ desirable to have them tested by some official cancer may go down in history as a strong agency and have the results indicated on the indictment of our political and economic State authority to construct and operate packet." ways of life." a passenger rail transportation system The Royal College report was immediately within the area of such States and the subjected to full Parliamentary discussion, District of Columbia, introduced by Mr. and Enoch Powell, the minister of health, in­ COMPACT TO ESTABLISH A MULTI­ Pell. was received, read twice by its ti­ formed the House of Commons: "The Gov­ STATE AUTHORITY TO OPERATE tle, referred to the Committee on the ernment certainly does accept that this dem­ A RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYS­ Judiciary, and ordered to be printed in onstrates authoritatively and unquestionably TEM BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND the RECORD, as fallows: the causal connection between smoking and lung cancer and the more general hazards to BOSTON Whereas the eastern seaboard area con­ health of smoking." The report's recom­ Mr. PELL. Mr. President, in con­ taining the eight States of Massachusetts, mendations, he said, "are under consideration ~ection with my recent statement E,hode Island, Connecticut, New York, New by the Government." Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, concerning rail passenger service be­ and the District of Columbia, is rapidly be­ WHITHER WASHINGTON? tween Washington and Boston, I submit coming a megalopolis, and now has a popu­ The forthright British approach was in for appropriate reference a Senate joint lation of over 37,000,000, and contains almost sharp contrast to the timidity with which the resolution which would grant the consent 30 percent of the Nation's manufacturing health services, regulatory agencies and legis­ of Congress to the States of Massachu­ and 21 percent of the Nation's retailing es­ lators in Washington, D.C., have shied away setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New tablishments, as well as the Nation's Capital; from the clearly defined issue of smoking and Whereas this area is now serviced by a health. In 1959 the Surgeon General of the York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela­ multitrack system of railroads which for the U.S. Public Health Service published in the ware, Maryland, and the District of most part have sufficient rights-of-way to Journal of the American Medical Association Columbia to negotiate and enter into a provide adequate passenger transportation a lengthy report which covered much the throughout the area, but the railroads in­ same ground as the current Royal College re­ 1 See "Facts We're Not Told About Filter­ volved have not been able to provide such port, and accepted the causative role of ciga- tips," the Reader's Digest, July 1961. passenger service on a paying basis and must I

1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9587 rely on profits from freight transportation I transmit also for the information of outs. We should study the situation and to keep their entire systems operating; the Senate the report of the Secretary determine what can best be done. A Whereas it therefore appears that a Gov­ of State regarding this convention to­ ciear reason f_or urgency in the expan­ ernment authority must be organized to gether with a copy of a letter addr~ssed sion of techrucal education is the fact provide such passenger service which is es­ sential to the welfare of the Nation as well by the Secretary of Labor to the Secre­ that automation has changed from a as the area involved, and that the exist­ tary of State with respect to the con­ mammoth concern of the future to a ling railroads would continue to provide vention. mammoth concern of the present. necessary freight transportation; and JOHN F. KENNEDY. . The~efore, in my talk I announced my Whereas it appears that a multi-State THE WHITE HOUSE, June 1, 1962. mtent1on to submit a resolution to in­ authority formed by the States involved vestigate _the national calamity of drop­ wou ld be the best type of governmental au­ (Enclosures: <1) Report of the Secre­ outs, their character, and their causes thority to carry out this passenger rail tary of state, (2) certified copy of ILO and to have the committee to which th~ transportation function: Now, therefore, Convention No. 116, (3) copy of letter resolution is referred seek the means of be it from the Secretary of Labor.) Resolved by the Senate and House of R ep­ eliminating them. resentatives of the United States of America Mr. President, the youth of Wisconsin in Congress assembled, That the consent of NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA­ and of all of America represent one of Congress is hereby given to the States of the greatest and most precious assets of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, TION BEFORE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY our national life. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela­ . The future of our Nation, of freedom ware, Maryland, and to the District of Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, on Columbia to negotiate and enter into a com­ 1~self, and of the ideals in which we be­ pact for the purpose of establishing a multi­ behalf of the Committee on the Judi­ lleve depends upon the maximum devel­ State authority to construct and operate a ciary, I desire to give notice that a public opment, utilization, and dedication of the passenger rail transportation system within hearing has been scheduled for Friday, talents and genius of our youth-the the area of such States and the District of June 8, 1962, at 10: 30 a.m., in room 2228, hope of the America of tomorrow. Columbia. New Senate Office Building, on the Fundamental to a sound youth-devel­ SEC. 2. Such consent is given upon the fol­ nomination of Oliver Seth, of New lowing conditions: opment program, of course, is our educa- . Mexico, to be U.S. circuit judge 10th t1onal system. Despite nationwide ef­ (1) a representative of the United States, circuit, vice Sam G. Bratton, retired. who shall be appointed by the President of forts to improve it and to increase the the United States, shall participate in such At the indicated time and place per­ opportunities for youth, a special prob­ negotiations and shall make a report to Con­ sons interested in the hearing may make lem plaguing our progress is the too­ gress of the proceedings and of any compact such representations as may be perti­ great number of dropouts from our entered into; and nent. school system. (2) such-compact shall not be binding or The subcommittee consists of the obligatory upon any of the States involved For this reason, I now submit a resolu­ Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EAST­ tion to authorize a congressional study or upon the District of Columbia unless and LAND], chairman, the Senator from until it has been ratified by the legislature of of the dropout trend in our educational each of such States and approved by the South Carolina [Mr. JOHNSTON], and the system. Such a study would, I believe, Congress of the United States. Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HRUSKA]. not only help us better understand the SEC. 3. The right to alter, amend, or re­ involved problems, but also would enable peal this Act is hereby expressly reserved. SCHOOL DROPOUTS us to ascertain the best ways to halt this trend. Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, on Mon­ I ask unanimous consent that the CONVENTIONS OF GENERAL CON­ day last, I had printed in the CONGRES­ FERENCE OF INTERNATIONAL LA­ resolution and a statement of its PUrPOSe SIONAL RECORD an address which I de­ be appropriately referred and be printed BOR ORGANIZATION-REMOVAL livered at the DeVry Institute, on May at this point in the RECORD, together OF INJUNCTION OF SECRECY 24. The title of it was "National Calam­ with several letters which I have received ity of Dropouts." When I began to study since I delivered the address. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, as this subject, I was thoroughly shocked to in executive session, I ask unanimous learn how many of our children drop out The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ consent that the injunction of secrecy of school. Russia's current rate of tech­ pore. The resolution will be received and be removed from Executive C, 87th Con­ nical training should cause us to pause; appropriately referred; and, without ob­ gress, 2d session, which are conventions she is producing engineers at the rate of jection, the resolution, statement and adopted by the General Conference of approximately 126,000 annually, while letters will be printed in the REc~RD. the International Labor Organization, we are producing only 45,000. Red The resolution CS. Res. 348) was re­ and were transmitted to the Senate to­ c:1ina's enrollment is going from 117,000 f erred to the Committee on Labor and day by the President of the United to 660,000. It must be clear that in the Public Welfare, as follows: States. I also ask that the President's terms of defense requirements and of Resolved, That the Committee on Labor message be printed in the RECORD and space exploration requirements, our need and Public Welfare, or any duly authorized with the conventions, referred to the subcommittee thereof, is authorized under ~or expanded technical education is ur­ sections 134(a) and 136 of the Legislative Committee on Foreign Relations. gent. We remember that Khrushchev The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended, and pore. Is there objection? The Chair said, "We will bury you." in accordance with its Jurisdiction specified As a Senator, I am disposed to view by rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the hears none, and it is so ordered. the dropout as a serious threat to our Senate, to make a full and complete study The message from the President is as national survival. There was a time and investigation of the failure of many follows: individuals to complete the level of educa­ when the defense of our Nation depended tion which they had been pursuing in the To the Senate of the United States: upon the brawny arm, the hardy consti­ public and private schools in the various With a view to receiving the advice and tution, the steely courage of the minute­ States. consent of the Senate to ratification I man at Lexington, the gunner aboard SEC. 2. For the purposes of this resolution transmit herewith a certified copy of a the U.S.S. Constitution, the Rough Rider the committee, through January 31, 1963: convention (No. 116) concerning the charging up San Juan Hill, the devildog is authorized to (1) make such expenditures partial revision of the conventions Marine going over the top at Chateau­ as it deems advisable; (2) employ upon a adopted by the General Conference ·of Thierry. The next war will not be waged temporary basis, technical, clerical, and wit_h muskets or cutlasses or cavalry other assistants and consultants: Po/'ovided, the International Labor Organization at That the minority is authorized at its dis­ its first 32 sessions for the PUrPOSe of sabers or Springfield rifles. It will be cretion to select one person for appointment, standardizing the provisions regarding W(?n with intercontinental missiles, space and the person so selected shall be appointed the preparation of reports- by the gov­ ships, antimissile rockets, and with such and his compensation shall be so fixed that erning body of the international labor world-wrecking atomic weapons that in his gross rate shall not be less by more than office on the working of conventions. thinking about them the mind recoils in $1,200 than the highest gross rate paid to any Convention No. 116 was adopted at the horror. other employee; and (3) with the prior con­ 45th session of the International Labor So, Mr. President, I feel that we had sent of the heads of the departments or Conference, at Geneva, on June 26, 1961. better know more about school drop- agencies concerned, and the Committee on 9588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 1 Rules and Administration, to utilize the re­ one for 400 workers). For every profession­ and college educators abo.ut the student . · imbursable services, information, facilities, ally-trained engineer, industry needs, on the dropout problem, you have ct.one a big favor and personnel of any of the departments or average, a crew of five trained technicians. to the people of America anq. particularly agencies of the Government. OUTLOOK IN PROFESSIONS those of the central. West. · SEd. 3. The committee shall report its find­ We have had numerous phone calls and ings upon the study and investigation au­ · The professions, also, need more highly­ some letters concerning further interest in thorized by this resqlution, together with trained personnel. By 1965, we will prob­ the dropout problem anq. know you have such recommendations for legislation as it ably need 45,000 more doctors; 75,000 more started a wave of thinking which can have deems advisable, to the Senate at the earliest college trained nurses; 485,000 more ele­ untold beneficial results. practicable date, but not later than January mentary and high school teachers and For the entire DeVry Tech organization, 120,000 more college teachers; 80,000 more 31, 1963. including both Mr. DeVrys ·and myself, let natural scientists; 100,000 more engineers. me thank you very kindly for the big favor The statement and letters presented by CONCLUSION you have done for all of us. by Mr. WILEY are as follows: For the individual, then knowhow-ac­ Best wishes to both Mrs. Wiley and your­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR WILEY quired by education and training-may spell self and lots of luck on the fail campaign. Cordially yours, The future progress and security of our the difference between failure and success. Nation will depend upon a reservoir of well­ According to manpower experts, the economy T. J. LAFEBER, educated, well-trained citizens. has barely enough trained and educated peo­ President. Currently, the United States is attempting ple now to make full use of day-to-day dis­ coveries in almost every field-nuclear to improve its educational system so as to STEEL'S PROFIT PROBLEM provide the educated, skilled, trained man­ energy, electronics production, construction, power needed for the space age. A special aviation, transportation, medicine, etc. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I ;problem confronting the Nation is that Unless the Nation's manpower is devel­ ask unanimous consent to have printed of dropouts from school-at grades 6-8, high oped to the maximum extent through edu­ cation and training, we will not fully realize at this point in the RECORD, in connec­ school, and college level. According to a tion with my remarks, a speech entitled recent study, for example, about 35 percent the great future possible for our country. of the students enrolled in high school drop By conducting a special study, the Con­ "Steel's Profit Problem," delivered by .Al­ out before graduation. Unless such trends gress, I believe could make a real contribu­ lison R. Maxwell, Jr., president of the can be curbed, the country may suffer seri­ tion toward: (a) Creating a broader knowl­ Pittsburgh Steel Co., at the general ous consequences. edge of, and concern about, the cause of meeting of the American Iron & Steel dropouts; (b) make recommendations for NEED FOR PUBLIC AWAKENING Institute, in New York City, on May 24, curbing the trend; and ( c) serve the best 1962. Realistically, the challenge confronts us, interests of the individual, and the Nation. as individuals-including both parents and There being no objection, the address students-as well as a nation. HERBERT M . KRAUS & Co., was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, · The youth of America-who may be in­ Chicago, Ill., May 29, 1962. as follows: clined to drop out-should be confronted Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, STEEL'S PROFIT PROBLEM with such facts as: The competition for bet­ Senate Office Building, (By Allison R. Maxwell, Jr., president, Pitts­ ter jobs is greater today because the majority Washington, D.'C. burgh Steel Co.) of young people are high school graduates; DEAR SENATOR WILEY: We note with inter­ finding a job is more difficult for a nongrad­ est your address at the DeVry Technical A few months ago, when I was invited to uate; the nongraduate is not promoted as Institutedinnerlastweek. You may be inter­ talk here, I reviewed . previous talks made fast as the graduate; most occupations-law, ested in learning that Encyclopaedia Britan­ from this podium, and found them interest­ medicine, engineering, teaching, selling, al­ nica Films, Inc., has launched its first 4-year ing reading. Down through :the years, many most any one you can name-require first high school design to cope with the dropout of the greatest leaders in the steel industry the broad education background represented problem, as well as to utilize to their fullest, have passed along to us some of the soundest by a diploma and then specialized train­ the resources of gifted children, in Chicago. practical wisdom and business philosophy ing; the less skilled workers are of declin­ Heading up the new Academy for Adults f:Ver presented to any industry. - And, time ing importance in the Nation's total work­ is Gordon G . Dupee, onetime president of and again, throughout their talks, these ing force (from 1940 to 1957, the number of the Great Books Foundation. Mr. Dupee steelmen forewarned us of impending crises. workers employed in considered to be less has some very challenging observations to I kn.ew then this talk would be a challeng­ skilled occupations, for example, dropped make on the subject of school dropouts. We i_ng assignment. For my subject, I selected from 30 to 16 percent); the high school know you would be interested in talking with "Steel'!> Profit Problem." And I began to graduate earns more money; during his adult him. prepare an analysis of the industry's profit earning years, the graduate will receive an If you plan to be in Chicago again in the trends for a talk full of more forewarnings. estimated $49,000 more than the eighth grade immediate future, we would be most happy Then, during the days that followed, a graduate, and $30,000 more than the high to have you visit with Mr. Dupee in the new series of events occurred. An avalanche of school dropout. school; otherwise, he would be able to see Government abuse and coercion, triggered NATIONAL SECURITY you either in Washington or in Wisconsin from the White House, came roaring down any time after June 14. on us. We were engulfed in a crisis of his­ For national security, also, maximum edu­ Incidentally, the chief executives of the toric proportions. My subject-"Steel's cation is necessary. The Armed Forces re­ Encyclopaedia Britannica and Encyclopaedia Profit Problem"-suddenly became a matter port that during World War II-700,000 Britannica Films, Inc., will be in Chicago for of national interest. Yet far more than young men were rejected for military service a press conference on the new school, on profit is involved. We are locked in a crucial because they could not read or write. In June 12. The press conference will be fol­ battle-not only for our economic welfare addition, 700,000 with little or no education lowed by an open house of programed learn­ as an industry-but for preservation of our were accepted for low-level assignments. ing for guidance counselors and school ad­ :(reedoms. As guardians of freedom, graduates are ministrators on June 14. If your schedule I hope you will bear with me, therefore, better able to absorb military technical permits, we would be most happy to have when I use this occasion to enlarge on my training; have a better opportunity to be you join us on either of these occasions. ~ubject. Circumstances demand it. selected for military schooling; have a better The June 14 open house particularly would I want to make it clear from the outset, opportunity for advancement in rank; are give you an opportunity to visit at length that I am speaking here this morning, not better equipped to assume positions of lead­ with a number of educators who are very as a spokesman for this industry, and not ership. close to the school dropout problem. as the president of a company that has been INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION May we congratulate you on your proposed subpenaed, or as an individual who has The United States, too, is entering into a investigation of the school dropout problem. been subpenaed-at least not until this talk new phase of the industrial revolution-the Such an investigation is bound to produce has been completed. era of automated production, requiring still tangible results of benefit to American youth The contents of my talk have not been more new and advanced skills of American and indeed to the entire economy. cleared, approved, or controlled in any way Very sincerely, workers. For the years ahead, for example, by American Iron and Steel Institute, or by DAVID M. JOHNSTONE. any officials of other steel companies. I am the wheels of progress will be powered, more speaking as president of one of the smaller and more by atomic energy. In 1960 about DEVRY TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, companies in the industry; and the thoughts 210 atomic reactor operators were at work; Chicago, Ill., May 28, 1962. expressed here are strictly my own. My by 1980 an estimated 18,670 will be required. The Honorable ALEXANDER WILEY' theme is this: Only high school graduates are accepted for U.S. Senate Office Building, · First, the steel industry is faced with grave training for these highly technical fields. Washington, D.C. economic problems. While we have grown Industry, too, needs more engineers-one MY DEAR SENATOR WILEY: In coming to and flourished on competition, today we are for every 40 workers (in 1900, the ratio was Chicago and talking to over 200 high school competing in the toughest market contest 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9589 we have ever encountered. Not only do our the future. This prospect should vitally We hear from Washington that wage in­ companies compete with each other, but we concern everyone who is interested. in main­ creases should equal productivity gains. This are beset by competition from foreign steel taining the industrial supremacy of this is an insidious doctrine. Raises have ex­ producers, and from ··other materials. great Nation. ceeded productivity gains by such wide To hold and expand our markets, we Now . why has this occurred? Since the margins, and for so many ye~rs in the past, must be able to offerthe users of steel quality end of World War II, our Government has, that increases equaling these gains are products and superior service at competitive in effect, been subsidizing our competition. already being paid well in advance and for prices. This requires tremendous new in­ Foreign producers have been able to build many years to come. vestment in ultramodern facilities, to make their tremendous steel capacity largely as a Yet, productivity springs primarily from better steel at lower cost. The money to result of direct and indirect U.S. aid. investment in better production tools. finance this investment is ultimately de­ On the one hand, Government foreign Today, when we are faced with a critical rived from just one source--profits. policy is encouraging and partially paying need for more and better tools, this doctrine Rising costs have been outstripping prices for development of free world economic con­ would deny us greater use of the fruits of for many years now, gradually whittling our centrations, cartels, and free trade asso­ progress for investment. profits away and weakening our capabilities. ciations that compete with individual U.S. More productivity gains must carry Increasing our profit, therefore, is our im­ businesses. In steel, we find ourselves be­ through to profit, so that productivity will perative No. 1 objective--the essential key leaguered by foreign competitors who are continue to gain-and gain by leaps and to the future welfare of our industry. equipped with modern facilities, favored by bounds--if we are to surpass our competi­ Second, the steel industry is faced with tax advantages in their own countries, tion. All answers to the threat by competi­ equally grave political problems. Steel is one guided by coordinated planning and control, tion revolve around rapid improvement of of the mighty bulwarks of private enterprise · and manned by low-cost labor. They have production tools and unrestricted freedom to that has made our Nation great. Yet today, decisive advantages. market our products profitably. we are the central target for Government regi­ On the other hand, Government restric­ mentation. tions on business here at home are equally For some unexplainable reason, these two The opponents of competitive enterprise specific. Steel is hampered by disadvanta­ inseparable concepts do not enjoy equal pop­ have grown immensely powerful. With geous tax provisions; harassed into accepting ularity. Nearly everyone wlll agree to the flagrant disregard for facts, they can now high labor costs, as five lengthy and ex­ need for new and better equipment. Pro­ denounce, discredit, and vilify business lead­ hausting strikes since World War II will posals to spur capt.ta! expenditures win pop­ ers before the public-employ the combined amply attest; harried by Government inter­ ular acclaim. But suggest that industry forces of Flederal police power and purchas­ ference in pricing policies; and proscribed must generate more profit to build new ing power, and resort to legislative inquisi­ from engaging in any coordinated program plants, and this arouses controversy. tion, for purposes of coercion-and have to meet the competition. PROFIT TRENDS their assault spearheaded by the highest of­ There can be no question about the need Steel industry profits have been scored fice in the land. for foreign aid or for free trade among na­ repeatedly by a distinguished array of critics. Steel has long tried to do its part in pre­ tions-for the welfare of our country and Politicians, labor leaders, pseudoeconomists, serving the economic freedoms that have of the free world-as the Soviet offensive and many well-known socialist propagan­ made ours the greatest industrial Nation looms ever more threatening. dists have at various times denounced our in world history. But perhaps we have been But there can be no defense for Govern­ profits as "exorbitant," "shameful," "fan­ deluded by believing the benefits are so ment policies embracing free trade with one tastic," and even "fabulous." Even recent great--in peace and in war times--that they hand, and simultaneously wrecking the industry profits (in the range of $700 to $800 must also be self-evident. Now we have chances for U.S. industry to compete in free million a year) are cited as evidence of "un­ conclusive proof that we have not done trade, on fair and equal terms, with the conscionable gouging." Excessive profits enough to establish these benefits in the other. have been the battlecry for attacks on steel court of public opinion. Now, how can we recover and expand our by those who seek to extend the coercive So if we hope to see private enterprise markets, increase employment and improve control of Government over,private business. survive, our course of action must begin to job security, discharge our responsibilities to And now this time-tested, antibusiness marshal public opinion more effectively. our shareholders and to the steel industry, strategem is being used again. The White We must carry our story to our employees and perform our patriotic duty to our Na­ House points to the profits of a few com­ and shareholders, to those who represent us tion more effectively? panies, for one or two quarters, labels them in Washington, and to 185 million Ameri­ PRICES AND COSTS among the highest on record, and implies cans-with every resource at our command. that we are profiteering. At the same time, we must oppose with In steel's markets, the customer is king. This charge, however, has never gained equal vigor the efforts of a tiny handful of He buys on the basis of quality, service, and much acceptance with the financial com­ Government officials whose pursuit of power price. munity and investing public. They view over business and industry exceeds their un­ So, each individual steel company is our profits as a 5- to 6-percent return on our derstanding of the public interest, and acutely aware of the functions of pricing; current $13.7 billion in total investment, and shows utter disregard for the constitutional more so than some outsiders who pose as ex­ on our annual sales volume in the range of principles on which this country has been perts on this subject. For nearly 4 years $13 to $14 bililon; and they fail to find the founded. now, there has been no general increase in glamor in it. They appraise our financial COMPETITION steel prices. This fact reflects competition in record, and regard our profits as uncertain Now, let's turn first to the economic prob­ today's markets. and sporadic. Some are beginning to ques­ lems that confront us, beginning with com­ But while prices must be low enough to tion the wisdom of all steel investments. petition. All of the steel companies repre­ hold today's markets, they must also be high And so we find profits-indisputably the sented here compete in the total market for enough to build the markets of tomorrow. essential prerequisite to progress-sur­ steel-a market that has become worldwide Prices have a double role to play in competi­ rounded by confusion and misunderstanding. in scope, and a market that is expanding. tion. They must be attuned to the imme­ The very word evokes political emotions, But the U.S. share in this expanding diate; and they must also help provide profits when this serious hour calls for objective market has been shrinking. Foreign com­ to buy superior tools for lower costs and com­ study of the facts. The course of future petitors are displacing us in markets abroad, petitive prices in the long-range future. legislation, therefore, will depend in large and invading our markets at home. If we Prices reflect a delicate balance of both short­ measure on this 'industry"s ability to create had maintained our 1953-57 average partici­ and long-range competitive requirements, far greater understanding of our profit problem. pation in world export trade, and prevented too intricate for manipulation by the heavy To this end, I would like to offer here this further import erosion, we would have hand of government. morning a new approach to understanding shipped 6 million tons more than we actually The cost-price squeeze on profits has be­ profits. It is not my intention to over­ shipped during 1961. come increasingly intense over the past 12 whelm you with statistics; but the problem This 6 million tons means loss of $1.2 bil­ years. Undeniably, we have been gaining is not simple. My purpose is to present lion in annual sales volume. It has lopped productivity. If we didn't, we would be pre­ steel's profit problem as it relates to eco­ some 50,000 jobs off our payrolls, and cost siding at our liquidation. But the gains have nomic forces. steelworkers over $300 mlllion annually in been buried by wage increases that outstrip Profit analyses are most commonly based wages. Technological unemployment? Yes. the productivity advance by more than 9 to 1. on time comparisons. For example: what But due to technological advances by our Even the latest agreement exceeds by 50 did the industry make in 1961 as compared competition. percent the average annual productivity in­ Since 1950, world steel production has crease since 1940. And this agreement does to 1960, or in 1961 versus 1955 or 1950? But doubled, increasing from about 200 million not become noninflationary just because the when profits are analyzed using time as the to 400 mHlion tons a year. Nor is this all. administration puts that label on it. It is basis for comparison, some important facts World capacity will expand to more than 500 not a noninflationary agreement just because are concealed. million tons a year by 1965. it is less inflationary than previous agree­ Profits do not fluctuate because of time. So, if our progress has been inadequate to ments. It is, in fact, just one more incre­ They are directly related to economic cope with competition from these mms in ment in an inflationary trend that has been forces-the most important being: (1) cost­ the past, it will be even less adequate in long developing. price relationships, and (2) volume. For '

9590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 1 many years now, each round of wage in­ Chart No. 6 [not printed in RECORD]: more depreciation than we have been al­ creases, and consequent adjustments in the Let's compare profits during periods of equiv­ lowed, Just to stay even-Just to keep abreast cost-price relationship, have eroded our earn­ alent sales volumes over these 12 years. On of the wear and tear on existing facilities. ing capacity. So this analysis will take the quarterly sales volume in the range of $2.6 Amendment of tax regulations to permit cause-and-effect approach-providing a be­ to $2 .8 billion: our profit amounted to a 14.4 realistic depreciation policies is. long overdue. fore-and-after look at what has happened percent return on investment in 1950-51. It Tax regulations providing. anything less to our profits. declined to 8..9 percent in the 1953- 54-55 than full replacement allowance, in current First, to reflect the influence of cost-price period. It slipped to 5.9 percent in 1957- 58; dollars adjusted for inflation are not enough, relationships, we can select four periods dur­ and reached 3.7 percent during the 1960-61. if we are to compete on fair and equal terms ing these past 12 years: 1950-51, 1953-54-55, On the same sales volume, our profit as a re­ with foreign producers. And as noted 1957-58, and 1960-61. These periods wer~ turn on investment is approximately one­ speakers from this platform have repeated, free from strikes-the strikes having oc­ fourth of what it was 12 years ago. time and again, fair provision can't come curred before each period-and reflect the Chart No. 7 [not printed in RECORD]: Let's soon enough. aftereffect on cost-price relationships. compare profits at an equivalent range of In the absence of adequate depreciation Second, to reflect the influence of volume, return. Let's take the 10 to 12 percent range allowances, we have been forced to rely more we can use quarterly sales in each of these for example. In the 1950-51 period, we could heavily on profits for income to reinvest­ periods. This lets us evaluate profits at generate this return on average quarterly just to stay even. But as we have already many more levels of sales activity, for valid sales of $1.9 billion. To generate this return seen, profits are shrinking. comparisons. Analysis of industry earnings during 1960-61 required average quarterly So we have gone beyond this, and resorted for one or two quarters-by a few com­ sales in the range of $4 billion-or double to heavier borrowings. We have gone still panies-White House style-is not nearly so the sales volume required 12 years ago. further and sold stock. To the extent that revealing as study of the earnings of 36 Gentlemen, this analysis conforms to es­ borrowings and the sale of stock have been separate quarters at 36 different volume tablished accounting practice in every de­ required to make up for capital erosion, we levels-showing the average trend for 576 tail. From an accounting standpoint, the have increased our debt load, diluted stock­ quarterly returns by 16 companies represent­ evidence is unassailable. Further analysis holders' equity, and heavily mortgaged future ing 87 percent of the industry. will show that profit returns on sales follow earnings. Yet we have been unable to keep Chart No. 1 [not printed in RECORD]: Here the same trend. We have dwelt on returns pace with our favored foreign competition. is a chart showing the profit path for these on invested capital, because they relate to Liberalized depreciation rules and tax companies during the eight quarters in the the availability of funds for new equipment. credit legislation now before the Congress 1950-51 period. You will notice the However, the practice of picking up figures will, without question, serve to ease this base of the chart represents quarterly sales out of context, and misusing them to distort problem. But they will not provide the total in billions of dollars. The vertical scale the truth, seems to have become a popular answer as some would lead us to believe. shows profit as a percent return on invested pastim.e among Industry critics. So let's They wlll aid us in the future, but do not capital. To determine profits, quarterly pre­ summarize this study with a more conven­ make up for inflation in the past. So they tax returns have been uniformly reduced by tional approach. do not change our problem: to meet our the 52 percent income tax rate to avoid the Chart No. 8 [not printed in RECORD]: competition, we must increase our profits. distortions caused by changes in tax regula­ This chart shows the specific net profit re­ THE ROUTE TO SOCIALISM tions; and annualized to present a correct turn on invested capital, taken from annual reports for the same 16 companies. Note Gentlemen, let's turn now from economics relationship to invested capital. So, they to the political arena. By reviewing eco­ provide a valid basis for comparison of that we have preserved the same cause-and­ effect time periods for our before-and-after nomic trends, we can do some Monday morn­ performance. ing quarterbacking, and move to change Each dot on this chart represents profit for look at profit returns as they relate to growth in investment. The bars show how capital them in the future. But let's not count on a certain quarterly sales volume. For investment has climbed during these past being Monday morning quarterbacks in the example, the first dot on the left shows that game of politics. Few have ever found a way industry profit at a quarterly sales volume of 12 years-increasing from $5.8 billion in 1950-51 to an average of $11.6 billion in to replay the game that we're. engaged in $1.8 billion amounted to a 9 percent return 1960- 61. The line shows what has happened now. on invested capital. The last dot on the to our average after-tax profit as a percent Contrary to popular belief, socialistic gov­ right shows that profit at a quarterly sales ernments do not spring up overnight. volume of a little over $2.6 billion amounted return on investment. It has dropped from 11.1 percent to an average of 9.7 percent fol­ Change from a democracy to government by to a 14 percent return on invested capital. regimentation is seldom quite that rapid. The diagonal line through these dots shows lowing the 1952 strike--to 8.6 percent fol­ lowing the 1956 strike-and finally to 5.8 The transformation comes gradually, by the calculated profit-volume path for 1950 stealth. Trace the histories of countries and 1951, following the 45-day strike in 1949. percent following the 1959 strike. Gentlemen, I realize that any analyst can swallowed by dictatorship, and you will find Chart No. 2 [not printed in RECORD]: this common pattern: Here are the 12 quarters during the 1953- lift a simple dollar transaction into the dim and mystic realm of confusion. I submit A closely knit clique acquires power by 56 period-following the 59-day strike in slowly and tentatively expanding their sphere 1952. You will note that the first dot on that, there can be no confusion here. These are ungarnished facts. And ugly as they of control, watching signs of public reaction, the left shows profit at a quarterly sales pausing and changing their tactics, then volume of $2.2 billion, amounting to Just may appear, they must be faced; and we must probe still deeper to assess their true moving relentlessly onward-until they gain over 6 percent return on invested capital. unrestrained power. Sometimes, the final At right, profits on quarterly sales in the significance. Some proponents of big government can seizure is quite sudden, but 'it has always range of $3.4 billion amounted to a 13 per­ been a long time in the making. cent return on invested capital. The diago­ look upon these facts with joy. They see our loss of earnings as evidence of victory For many years now, since the days of the nal line represents the calculation of our New Deal, observers have be.en warning us, profit-volume path for these years. for what they term the "public interest." But if it is a victory, according to their sometimes from this very platform, that Chart No. 8 [not printed in RECORD]: Here America. is losing its freedoms, and moving is our profit-volume path for the eight quar­ socialistic precepts, it will be short lived. The true interests of the public are not in the direction of socialism. Now listen to ters in the 1957-58 period, following the 36- t.his newspaper report from Just 6 weeks ago: day strike in 1956. You will note that the served by loss of profit, because profit is the wellspring of growth. When profits fall, "The arsenal of weapons . the President first dot on the left shows profit at a quar­ wheeled into his all-out economic foray terly sales volume of $2.5 billion, amount­ funds for new investment vanish. When profits rise, investment funds abound. against big business leaders was an awesome ing to just over 4 percent return on invested display of coldly determined political and capital. At right, profits on quarterly sales FUNDS FOR NEW EQUIPMENT, economic power seldom, if ever before, em­ of about $3.7 billion announced to Just un­ Let's see what has occurred in steel. Let's ployed by Government. Every major govern­ der 12 percent return on invested capitaL look at the effect of waning profits on funds mental department got into the act." Chart No. 4 [not printed in RECORD]: required to replace wornout and obsolete You will recall the circumstances. United Finally, we come to our profit-volume path equipment; and funds required to modernize States Steel Corp. had raised its prices. To for the 8 quarters in the 1960-61 period, fol­ with new equipment-new equipment that discuss the merits of the United States lowing the 116-day strike in 1959. will reduce our costs to competitive levels. Steel decision here would be inappropriate, Chart No. 5 [not printed in RECORD,]: To begin with, dig into the profit trends and totally irrelevant. But the issue it has Gen tlemen, here is what happened to our we have explored and you will find that they raised is of vital importance to each of us, profit path during these past 12 years. Note are infla.ted. In part, they represent capital and to all free citizens. One very noted and the descending levels of return on invest­ erosion. Allowances for replacement of respected commentator put it this way: ment following each change in the cost-prfce faciiitfes are understated because of tax "Is this democracy, or is it the fore­ relationship. Here is the result of the cost­ rules and ac'Counting practice in the report­ runner of a quasi-Fascist system? Is it a price squeeze. Here 1s irrefutable evidence ing of depreciation allowances. government under a written constitution; of the erosion of our profit potential. Let's O,zer the past 12 years, construction costs or is it a government by usurpation of analyze this chart. have risen 66 percent. We have needed far_ legrsrative authority?" 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 9591 When the White House was informed of profit is exceedingly important to the long­ Kennedy and the Democratic adminis­ United States Steel's price raise, the news­ range welfare of the steel industry and to the tration. papers factually reported that businessmen public interest of the Nation we serve. I ask unanimous consent to have could now expect all hell to brea:t loose. We must modernize more rapidly to re­ Th e White House clique displayed its fury. duce costs, to recover markets in the future, printed in the RECORD the resolution Bu t what is more significant, it did. so in a and ultimately to surpass our competition. signed by Frank Hardesty, chairman of way implying dire consequences: let the We must pay more dividends to restore in­ the Howard County Democratic Execu­ Nation tremble; retribution is at hand. vestor confidence, and to attract more funds tive Committee. And what is more profoundly disturbing, to build up more efficiency. And our success There being no objection, the resolu-" few considered it to be important that no will be recorded in the cold figures on our tion was ordered to be printed in the law had been violated. Yet United States profit statements. RECORD, as follows: Steel, and other companies which increased The political problem we face is equally their prices competitively, were treated as as grave. In this serious hour in our Na­ RESOLUTION, HOWARD COUNTY · DEMOCRATIC transgressors. t ion's history, when we are confronted with EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE; BIG SPRING, TEX. The indictment: their actions did not con­ grave crises abroad, when our Government Whereas the President of the United States, form to the public interest as viewed by is asking servicemen to risk their lives, I am John F. Kennedy, shows a complete under­ the administration. Their crime: they did sure you will find it hard, as I do, to accept standing of the problems of our country both not obey some nebulous higher law-a set a situation in which a tiny handful of Gov­ domestic and foreign; and of guidelines the administration alone can ernment officials, in their pursuit of monop­ Whereas since President Kennedy took of­ define and enforce, without benefit of oly power over business and industry, under­ fice in January 1961, action has become legislation-the law of the New Frontier. mine the profit system that has made our synonymous with Washington; and Now we ~1.ave some insight into what this Nation great, and the very constitutional Whereas our Nation is now definitely mov­ new law means. It means sacrifice of tra­ freedoms they have sworn to uphold. ing in the right direction in regard to living ditional freedoms. Few seem to recognize By what principle under the Constitution, up to our responsibilities in both foreign that in the administration's appeal for sacri­ or by what act of Congress, does this oli­ and domestic matters; and fice in the name of its concept of public garchy set prices, malign free · citizens, and Whereas this Democratic administration interest, we are being asked to deny the unleash retaliation against those who do not clearly shows that it has the interest of the fundamental freedoms that are basic to conform to their decrees against pursuit of people at heart in its action to stop infla­ democracy. private business enterprise? tion and the spiraling cost of living; and We may decry specific power tactics, but Sixteen months ago, the Nation asked this Whereas the Gallup poll shows that 78 per­ these are merely symptoms of an issue far administration to defend the Constitution cent of the Nation approve the way that our more fundamental and decidedly more dan­ and the principles for which it stands. Six President is handling his job: Be it therefore gerous. It would be an error to dismiss weeks ago, we had our answer. Resolved by the Howard County Demo­ these actions as merely antibusiness; when I am sure you will find it hard, as I do, to _crats in county convention assembled this the real issue is that big government is anti­ witness the powers of regimentation we are 12th day of May 1962, That we concur with individual rights. seeking to defeat abroad, now threatening the majority of the people of the United The obvious direction of all of its policies our way of life at home; to witness Govern­ States. in supporting the firm hand of a is toward a form of · socialism in which the ment's inflationary overspending, and find strong President and are responsive to his pretense of private property is retained, inflation blamed on industries that must­ bold leadership in domestic and interna­ while in fact, prices, wages, production and by economic law--confine their spending to tional affairs, and we commend likewise our distribution are dictated by bureaucrats. the limits of their balance sheets; to hear distinguished U.S. Senator RALPH W. YAR­ As of the present moment, the adminis­ an appeal for restraint, and witness those BOROUGH, and our most capable Congressman tration will not dare to advocate price or . who voice the appeal, deny by their actions, GEORGE MAHON for the part they have played wage controls openly. It knows the public that this applies to them; to hear demands in making this Democratic administration would repudiate such policies. What it for sacrifice, when the sacrifice they seek is such a successful and progressive adminis­ seeks, therefore, is to be the unofficial arbiter freedom. tration. of wages and prices. It imagines-or pre­ Many hundreds of thousands of steelmen, Passed May 12, 1962, in county convention. tends-that it will confine price and wage who have given their lives on the battlefield, Certified by: control to critical industries such as steel, or fought to preserve our freedoms, or pro­ FRANK HARDESTY, while leaving the rest of the economy rela­ duced the overwhelming tonnages of steel Permanent Chairman. tively free. to bring us victory, down through the great But controls breed controls. Every act of conflicts of modern warfare, must view in Government intervention into free markets mute amazement the spectacle presented, LATEST SURVEY OF WHOOPING produces harmful consequences. And then, when their patriotic sacrifice is ridiculed by CRANE POPULATION OF WORLD the choice of Government becomes: Abandon this administration. intervention, or extend it further. Inevi­ Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, tably the choice will be extension. And the Despite this effrontery, we must continue Mr. Noel Pettingell, of Hazlet, N.J., liv­ result: More and more controls, more and to do our part and more, for the economic ing far removed from either the breeding more regulations, to get us over crises and welfare and the public interest of the Nation range of the nearly extinct whooping emergencies which Government policies have we have helped to build. We must cooperate with Government to do this job effectively. cranes in Canada, or their wintering actually created. grounds in Texas, is yet one of the fore­ People fall prey to socialism by failing to We cannot permit the misguided ambitions recognize the signs of its approach soon of a few to defeat these vital objectives. And most authorities on the whooping cranes' enough; by failing to oppose the growing re­ we would indeed be derelict in our duty to fight for survival. striction of freedoms until it is too late­ all steelmen, and to our Nation, if we did Through the courtesy of ornithologist sometimes through ignorance, sometimes not strive, with every effort we can muster, Victor Lloyd Emanuel, of Houston, him­ through moral cowardice, sometimes through to defend our freedoms. self an authority on the Eskimo Curlew, suicidal belief that they will be able to profit Cooperation must result from greater I have received Mr. Noel Pettingell's from it. We cannot afford to let this hap­ understanding-of the problems steel faces­ latest compilations, tables, and notes on pen to us. of our resolution to resolve them. And to which his whooping crane population THE TASK AHEAD serve the public interest best, cooperation summary is based, and Mr. Pettingell's Now let's summarize. Let me remind you must be based on mutual respect for the tra­ permission to use them. first, the remarks I offer are strictly my own. ditions of our American heritage. They have no endorsement by American Iron In view of the fact that more species and Steel Institute or by any member com­ of wild birds are found in Texas than in panies. Yet, it is my deep conviction that any other State-100 more species than this statement must be made. HOWARD COUNTY, TEX., DEMO­ the next richest State in number of The economic problem this industry faces CRATIC CONVENTION PRAISES species of wild birds-that the first na­ is grave. We must generate more profit-in PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY tional convention of the Audubon Society the tradition of a free market economy-and AND THE DEMOCRATIC ADMINIS­ ever to be held in Texas will be at Corpus use it wisely. Christi this fall, and that the projected We cannot permit slow strangulation of TRATION our profits-as we are caught in the crush Padre Island National Seashore Recrea­ between rising costs and competitive prices­ Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, tion Area has stimulated interest in the to choke off our progress, to weaken our at a recent county convention of the rich avifauna of the lower Texas gulf market position and to take further toll in Howard County, Tex., Democrats, held at coast, I ask unanimous consent to have wages and unemployment. We must meet Big Spring, Tex., a resolution was passed printed in the RECORD at this point Mr. this problem head on. The need for greater May 12, 1962, commending President Noel Pettingell's summary and notes on 9592 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - SEN.ATE June 1 the whooping crane, under the title There being no objection, the material 1957: "Crip!' and "Jo" produce fourth-and ''Whooping Cr11me Population Sum­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,. fifth whoopers born in eaptivlty-'·'George•~ as follows: (ha.tched May 18) and "Georgette·" (hatched mary." May 21 )-at ,Audubon Park Zoo, New Or­ Whooping crane population summary leans; first- two captives. to survive- entire­ year ( oldest previous: 45 days-first chick [Compiled by Noel Pettingell, 8 Miriam Place, H azlet, N.J.- January 19621 born in 1956}. One Qf two Arans.as adults I, A:NNUAL POl'ULATION TOT:ALS: 1938-61 which did not migrate north. to Canada died at the refuge in June~ a.nothe:r adult failed to return from breeding, grounds in fall. Texas-C'anada flock a Louisiana flock • Birds in captivity 1958: "Crip" and "Jo" produce. offspring Year Total world i------i----,-----1 ------.---- populat1on ' third year in row: sixth whooper (name?) Total 1 Adults " Young Adults I Young 1 Adults 1 Young! born in captivi.ty (third to survive entire year) is hatched April 30 at New Orleans, . 4 11 ______1 (Nebraska) ______--· ------thus 4 adults and 1 young in Louisiana plus 1938_ ----- 30 18 14 7 11 2 _____ do ______------1939 __ ---- 36 (3) 22 15 3) 1 adult in San Antonio equals total of 6 cap­ 1940 ______1) 5 6 ______2 (Nebraska and Louisiana)_ ------34. (7) 26 21 (13)~ 2 6 ______do ______------tives; 18 adults and 9 young on Aransas ref­ 23 (13) 15 13 19421941- _____-----_ uge plus 5 adults on Matagorda. Island ( as. 26 19 15 (3)(0) · 54 54 ______.. do _ --______------______·------._ ------1943 ______27 p>4) 21 1& of December 27) e.quals. 32., in Texas­ 1944 ______27 (3) 22 19 (2) 3 3 ------_____ do, ------Qan_adian flock; 32 plus d equals 38-highest 1945 ______25 22 (0) 3 2 ______do ______------1946 ______29 year-end world population total since start of 29 25 22 (0)(3) 63 12 ______2 (Louisiana) do ------____---____---__---____·---__-- ._ _--__----_____--- _ census in 1938. (Note.--One additional 1947 ______34 m(1) 31 25 (3) 31 28, (3) , 3 1 ______2 (Texas) ______------young-of-year at. Mingo National. Wildll!e 1948------34 (1) 1 ______1949 ______37 (1) 34. 30 4 do ______------Refuge, southeast Missouri until December 1950 ______(8) 5 (6) (6) _____ do ______33 (9) 31 26 17, thus 89 birds. knQ.wn to, exist as. o! this 1951______27 {11) 25 20 (11) 5 ______2 (Louisiana) ______------195z_ ___ _ (6) 21 19 (6) 2 ______do ______------date; possible 41 alive prior to Dec.ember 17, 1953 ______23 26 (0) 24 21 including Mingo bird and 2; adults lost during 1~54-. ____ 23 (3) 21 21 tg~ µ _____ 3_ :: ::::: :: : :::: : :::: :::::~~::: ::::: :::::: ::::::::: :::::: :::: year.) 1955 ______30 (1) 28 20 1959: Approximately 22 adults. a.nd 2 1956 ______(5) 24 22 1957 ______27 t~t · 4~ :______::::::::: :::::::::______: Tci~~1.siaiiaaiiMatagorda Island - during Aransas National Wildlife Refuge) , approx­ more years of age) . Possible total whoop­ summer. imately 35 miles northeast of Corpus. Christi ing crane population prior to September: 42. 1961: "Crip" and "Jo,.,, produce ninth in southeast Texas. 1951: Captives "Crlp" and "Jo" transferred whooper born in captivity April 17 1940: "Josephine" (now "Jo"), a Louisiana from Aransas refuge to Audubon Park Zoo, (name?)-their fourth surviving offspring. flock cripple, captured and placed in New Orleans in December. Seven captive cranes (five adults and one Audubon Park Zoo, New Orleans. (Note.­ 1952: World population total equals lowest young at New Orleans plus one adult female Only other crane in captivity-"Pete"-was since start of census in 1938: 23 (in 1941). at San Antonio) plus 36 migrants (including found crippled at Gothenburg in south cen­ 1954: Nesting grounds of Aransas flock dis­ five young-of-year) at Aransas refuge and vi­ tral Nebraska in May of 1936.) covered June 30 in southwest northwest ter­ cinity equal a total of 45 individuals surviv­ 1946 ( ?) : Captive "Pete" transferred from ritories, western Canada (west of where Sass ing as of December 81-a new record high Gothenburg, Nebr., to zoo at St. Louis, Mo. River empties into Little Buffalo River in (since- 1938) for fourth consecutive year. 1946: Two young birds of Texas-Canada northeast Wood Buffalo National Park, south (Note.-Possible 48 alive prior to December :tlock remained on Aransas refuge during. of Great Slave Lake, in southern district of 13.) Aransas flock total 38 is new record summer. Mackenzie). World population total gain high (since 1938). 1947: Asansas flock total (31) includes 1 equals lowest (23 in 1952 and 1941) since male ("Crip") injured in February and start of census in 1938. III, GENERAL INFORMATION consequently unable to migrate north to 1955: First Canadian nest in 33 years Probable maximum population: 1,300 to Canadian breeding grounds. Captive "Pete" found on May 16 in Wood Buffalo Park. (Pre­ 1,400 (up to c. 1860) .1 transferred from St. Louis to Audubon Park vious record: Muddy Lake, 7 miles south of Life span: Feral birds 7 years (average). Zoo, New Orleans, where only other captive, unity, southwest Saskatchewan in southern Captives, nearly 40 years (maximum.).. "Jo," is also con.fined. Canada on May 28, 1922·.). Aransas flock total Migration periods ,extreme dates.}: Leave 1948: Captives "Pete" and "Jo" trans­ (28) includes 18 birds on refuge, 6 adults and Aransas Refuge, Tex., c .. March 27 to May 8. ferred from New Orleans to Brackenridge 1 young-of-year on Matagorda Island, and Arrive Wood Buffalo Park, Canada, c. April Park Zoo in San Antonio, Tex., thence (in 3 birds on Mustang Island, 5 miles south of 17 to May 29. Leave Wo.od Buffalo Park, c. October) to Aransas refug,e· where they are Port Aransas ( east of Corpus Christi) and confined within a 145-acre tract surrounded some 28 miles south of Aransas refuge. 1 R. P. Allen comments as follows with by a 9-foot fence. Aransas flock total (31) 1956: "Crip" and "Jo" produce second and regard to the relative abundance of the includes nonmigrant "Crip" and 2 on Mata­ third whooping cranes ever born in captiv­ whooping crane: "1t may s:e.em. astonishing gorda Island ( east of refuge) . One non­ ity (first since 1950) at Audubon Park Zoo, that few . early travelers, encountered the crippled female remained at Aransas refuge New Orleans, but chick which hatched May whooping crane, but we now believe that it during summer. 29 dies July 13 from lung disease while chick p.as 'been comparatively rare since the early 1949: Captive "Pete" dies July 21 at born May 31 is killed by predator (owl or Pleistocene" (i.e., c. 1,000,000 B.C.-N.P.). Aransas- refuge (15 or more years old). rat?) June 3. Adult female "Rosey" found Excerpt from Allen's "Whooping Cranes "Crip" captured and placed in enclosed axea crippled near Lometa.,. Tex. (between San An­ Fight for Survival" in Nov. 1959 National on Aransas refuge with only other living tonio and Fort Worth) is captured and trans­ Geographic magazine. Another pertinent captive "Jo." World population total 37 is ferred to Brackenridge. Park Zoo, San An­ observation is offered by James C. Greenway, highest since start of census in 193&. tonio (see also 1948) about June 6~ she is Jr., in his book "Extinct, and Vanishing Birds (Note.-Total was 38 prior to death of ''Pete" fourth captive whooper since 1936 and sec­ of the Worid" ( 1958), as follows: "It is often in July.) ond female since 1940. Texas-Canadian confused with the sandhill crane (G. cana­ 1950: "Crip" (4 or more years old) flock loss of six birds incl:ud.es "Rasey,•~ one densis), with which it associates on. migra­ and "Jo" (12 or· more years old)- produce. young (of 1955) male whtch did lilOt migrate tion * * *- apparently error& in identifica­ First whooping crane born in captivity on to Canada but la.st noted at Aransas on July tion * * * caused ornithologists to believe May 24 at Aransas. refuge ("Rusty"), but 17, and four other birds. which diEl not return the birds were much more common than they chick only survives 4 days (killed by pred­ to the refuge from the Canadian breeding actually were between 1923 and 1933, causing ator-raccoon?). Last survivor of Louisiana grounds. protection to be delayed too long." 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 9593 September 19 to November 9. Arrive Aransas thing possible to build a bridge to free­ to regulate such shipment by the U.S. Inter-, Refuge, October 12. to c. February 1. dom, the British, with the apparent ap­ state Commerce Commission. · Flying time to and from. breeding grounds proval of the United States, ha.ve erected _ We favor the Department, of Commerce. (approximately 2.500 miles}. Al'.allsas refuge a wall and even appealed to Peiping to arranging and even s.upei:\llsing conferences. to Wood Buffalo Park~ Appr.oxunatelJ 3 between lumber -indUStrJ representatives. of weeks. Wood Buffalo Park. to Aransas~ a stem the flow. We have thereby largely the two countries and also- of 0ther countries weeks (adults) to 6 weeks (young}. forfeited an opportunity to demonstrate such as Japan. Breeding periods of captive birds: Aransas-, decisively and dramatically the ability We do not fa,zor regulation of Canadian c. April 21 to Ma.y 4 ~ Ne.w Orleans, c. F"~ and willingnes.s of the free world to help or other imports by tariff, believing that ruary 14' ·o May 21. those communism has dismally failed. this leads only to price protection and Basic sources of information on whoo.p-ing Perhaps the offer of Hickey-Freeman higher prices at the. expense of the con­ crane (Grus americana) : "National Audubon sumers. We believe quo.ta imports to be a Society R.esearch Report No. 3, 'The Whoop­ will have an impact on our policies in· better solution 1! regulation 1s needed. ing Crane' " (published .Tuly 1952 and con­ this area by demon~trating that the We are not authorlties. on. the manipula­ taining data tmough. 19.49 and early. 195Q.J. .American people are willing to do what­ tion of currency~ and we don't helie.ve the "A RepQrt of the. Whooping Crane's North­ ever is necessary to combat communism. lumher industry is either~ Neither wouid er.n. Bceeding Gro.uncrs•r (195.61 (a suppfement and help fellow human beings in need-. we trust their motives. in. this. particuiar to research report No. SJ. Both these publi­ direction. cations were compiled .by Robert Potter Allen Wafavo:c a requirement of Alnerican-made who Is tne foremost authority on the species PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF products, including lumber,. in. all proJects and who held the. pos.t of research director for federally or State financed or insured, or the National Audubon Socie~y from 1954 to AMERICAN LUMBER INDUSTRY involving_ public contracts in anyway. We 1960. recall that the new Montana Unemployment Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President.. the Compensation Building has an interior finish e,xecutive secretary of the Montana Dis­ of imported Japanese paneling and an HEART-WARMING RESPONSE TO trict Council, Lumber and Sawmill exterior finish of imported Japanese tile. CHINESE' REFUGEE PLIGHT Workers' Unions-, Mr. Robert C. Weller We favor any possible study of possibil­ of Kalispell .. Mont., recently furnished ities of greater export of American manu­ Mr. KEATING. Mr. President. fol­ my colleague, the junior Senator from factured products, but not forest products lowing some discussion we ha.d here on Montana [Mr. METCALF 1, myself, and as such, believing that this would open the floor the other day regarding the the door to further exportation of Ameri-­ Representative OLSEN, with his com­ can logs rather than American finished desire that the United States do its share ments on the presentation of the Na­ with other free nations in helping to products. tional Lumber Manufacturers Associa­ We favor prominent marking of foreign­ solve the problem. of re!ugees from Red tion to the Congressional Conference on made wood products, and in this connection Chi~ I received two or three critical American Lumber Industry Problems point, out. "made in Japan." is- printed. so letters asking why I wanted to bring and Solutions. small that it is overlooked by most pur­ more- Chinese into this country wfien we On behalf· of my colleague, r ask chasers of plywood~ already have an. unemployment. prob­ unanimous consent to have printed at We do not wantr lumber or wood products-, lemL including logs, included' as "agricultural this point in the RECORD, Mr. Weller's commodities'" under any: act, and we vecy: I hold in my hand the answer to· that perceptive comments, and pertinent argument. · vigC!>rously oppose Mrs:. HANSEN'S H.R. 11136. portions of the industry's presentation. This is a gimmick to set aside a Fair Labor The Hickey-Freeman Co., of Roch­ There being no objection, the material Standards Act, and probably a considerable ester,. N.Y., one of the Nation's leading amount ot other Federal legislation as being · clothing manufacturers, has just in­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as inapplicable. to the- lumber- industry. We formed me that it is ready to offer em­ fallows.:. favor instead legislation to take alr present, ployment to 150 Chinese refugees as tai­ LETTER FROM ROBERT C. WELLER, EXECUTIVE forestry activitieS" of' the Department of lors, hand sewers, and sewing -machine SECRETARY, MONTANA DISTRICT COUNCil., Agriculture and transfer t!1em to the De­ LUMBER & SAWMil.L WORKERS UNIONS operators. This offer has the support of partment of the Interior, 'llihich more prop­ UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND erly·deals with natural resources. labor and plans are already underway to JOINERS OF AMERICA, AFL-CIO, KALISPELL, We view with concern the, four proposals making housing available for the refu­ MONT., APRil. }8, 1962 made by the-industry on February- 21 to the gees. First of course, there is an import prob­ Secretary of Agricurture-, keeping in mind In their wire to me, the company indi­ lem, but r am amazed that the industry these matters are dealing with public-owned cates that its off er is prompted by "eco­ concentrates all of its thoughts on Canadian timber that the industry more and more nomic and humanitarian"· motives. I imports and completely overlooks not only seems to-consider their own private personal firm the imports of Japanese plywood but the property. We hope the Secretary of Agricul­ commend this for its action and fact that Washington and Oregon logs are ture continues to take. little action on the hope it will serve as an inspiration ta being shipped to Japan to produce the ply­ proposals. others throughout the count1:y and the wood. Plywood is fast replacing common We very particularly oppose the industry's world. lumber in most phases of construction. proposals for any system having for its pur­ We sometimes forget that even in areas The difference seems· to be that the American pose the lowering of timber appraisal prices of unemployment, certain skilis may be !umber industry or tts plywood channels by the Forest Service. in short supply. This is- the practical as­ completely control the sale and distribution The lowering· of Forest Service appraised o! Japanese plywood, and the:z;efore make a pect of the company's offer. If. it, can get prices on public-owned timb'er wm result in greater profit on it than on American ply­ the small private timber owner having to the tailors and other people it needs wood. sell at lower prices. Conversely the large rather than taking jobs frem Americans They don't point out to the Congress that timber owners in the Iumber industry such in the area, it actually would be open­ American mills have not been able- to com­ as J. Neils, Anacon;:Ia, and Diamond would ing up new opportunities for local resi­ pete in the log market and have- laid off not sell one stick of their own timber at dents with supporting skills_ It will be hundreds of American workera. Neither do today's appraisals. breaking an employment bottleneck. they point ou~ that the large plywood mo-­ No timber ls being sold at the appraised I remember when this company needed nopolies shut down huge mills without prices. The very. operators that complain notice, and lay off hundreds of workers from skilled cutters and brought in 100 from loudest about appraised prices are outbid­ time to time, while supplying the market ding each other far and ahove. the appraised Italy. lt was estimated that for every wft h a Ja~nese product: Of course, they're prices. and I think that the public is entitled 1 brought in. 11 jobs were made for other not able to control the distribution of Ca­ to a good high price for its timber, just as people. I know that this- is- a problem n adian lumber or profit by it, so they com­ the large timber holders demand and get a in the men's clothing industry, and have plain about it. Their complaints t,o a great good high price for theirs, been trying to assist both labor and the e,xtent are justffiet:l, an of their proposed Certainly, timber is valuable property these manufacturers ohtain the. needed skilled solutions are not. days, and the timber owned by the public We would favor import controls by quota should be just as valuable as anybody else's employees from around the world for provided they apply to Japanese. im.ports and many years .. and should be carefully guarded pricewise by other iinports as well as Canadian . the. Congress and by whatevei. i;mblic agencies The humanitarian aspect of the com­ We favor restricting. shipments- in transit are involved. Reducing the price- of the pany'& offer is more apparent. -Unfor­ bees use these shipmenta lead to distress public's timber will allow the large timber tunate:1¥ .. the free world-which has been dumping. Am..ertcan railroads- have banned owner to hoard its own holdingl!t while e-x­ stirred by the plight of the refugees,from thenl.. Canadia..n. railroa.ds. have. not, but these plotting the public's holdings. Communist. China-has not been stirring cars do come into the United States.. at some We note· a news story from the Sacramento in its response. Instead of doing every- point or other, and there should be a way Bee, Sacramento, Calif., dealing w.ith a sale CVIII-604 9594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 1 in the El Dorado National Forest. The esti­ bears a tariff and tax of from 25 cents to THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE mated value (appraisal) was $22,740. The $1 per thousand board feet. On February 21, more than 50 representa­ high bid was $147,460, seven times the ap­ 7. Some of the principal reasons for the tives of the Nation's lumber industry met praised value. The next high bid was sharp increase in Canadian imports are: with Secretary of Agriculture Freeman to $94,856. The amount of timber involved was (a) Government-pegged lower stumpage present to him the lumber industry's recom­ 14.2 million feet. Obviously a very high sale costs: The average stumpage costs in British mendations regarding national forest man­ that led to speculation for stumpage con­ Columbia, 1960, an species, $5.38; the average agement. trol. To lower the appraisals would only stumpage costs in Western United States, Attending that meeting were 45 Members leave more room for speculation and add ex­ 1960, all sp~cies, $20.02; the average stump­ of Congress and administrative assistants to ploiting to it. age cost in the Pacific Northwest, 1960, all Members. We are also opposed to Mrs. HANSEN 'S H.R. species, $22.89; the average stumpage costs The lumber industry's presentation to the 11135, setting up an expensive appeals pro­ in the South, 1960, southern pine, $26. Secretary simply requested consideration of cedure within the Forest Service. This would (b) Government-granted transportation four changes in Forest Service administra­ allow the larger operators to keep timber advantages: Because of regional transporta­ tion. sales tied up in appeals procedure at the ex­ tion advantages available to Canadian lum­ The four proposals pertaining to allow­ pense of smaller operators and providing an­ ber producers, the Canadians are able to ship able cut, appraisal methods, appeals pro­ other control over the public's resources by their products to many U.S. markets at a de­ cedure, and contract review are set forth the mµ,nufacturing industry. cided competitive transportation advantage below. While we have not noted any reference to over American producers. These four specific issues have been de­ ocean shipping in the industry's presenta­ (c) Government-manipulated currency ex­ veloping over a long period of time. Many tion, we are opposed to any relaxation of change advantages: In 1961, the Canadian industry groups have been involved in nego­ regulations requiring American products to Government artificially pegged the Canadian tiating and refining these issues with the be shipped in American bottoms. The in­ dollar at 95 cents as compared to the U.S. dol­ Forest Service for more than 10 years. dustry locally has been trying to get support lar. This single act had the effect of reduc­ The solution of these problems will make for shipment in foreign-owned bottoms to ing the price to U.S. purchasers of Canadian a major contribution to community stability avoid the higher costs of wages, etc., of Amer­ lumber by 5 percent, or, stated differently, and reduce the cost of lumber to the con­ ican seamen. giving to Canadian lumber producers a 5-per­ sumer. cent advantage in U.S. markets. There are numerous other Government THE AMERICAN LUMBER IMPORT PROBLEM (d) Positive Government assistance in timber problems which need attention. On (Prepared by National Lumber Manufactur­ trade mission and other export development these four specific points the entire industry ers· Association, Washington, D.C., for the activities: Both the provincial and the cen­ is united in urging immediate action. Their Congressional Conference on American tral government are actively engaged in the meaning is clear to both the industry and Lumber Industry Problems and Solutions, promotion of Canadian lumber exports to to the Forest Service. They are capable of April 11, 1962) the United States and other markets. How­ prompt administrative action. Briefly, some of the factors which are of ever, they appear to concentrate their efforts It has been 7 weeks since the lumber in­ of serious concern to the forest-based com­ with respect to lumber and wood products dustry presented these proposals to the Sec­ munities dependent upon a prosperous lum­ on exporting to the United States. retary. No word has been received from the ber industry for their economic security are: LUMBER INDUSTRY SOLUTION TO FOREIGN Department of Agriculture on this matter, 1. Total U.S. lumber production, at 31.7 IMPORT PROBLEM although numerous Members of Congress billion board feet in 1961, was 4.2 billion Becauee of recent sharp increases in the have requested action. board feet below the 13-year average for the Some word should soon be forthcoming. period 1949-61. quantity of softwood lumber entering the 2. One of the major segments of U.S. lum­ United States from abroad, mainly softwood PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ber production, softwood lumber, at 27.5 lumber from Canada, which can be attrib­ Proposal No. 1 would set forth the ob­ billion board feet of production in 1961, was uted to specific advantages given to foreign jective of national forest timber manage­ also down nearly 1.8 billion board feet be­ producers by their government, the lumber ment as providing for a high degree of pro­ ·low the 13-year average for this same period, industry in the United States advocates a ductivity with due regard for stability of 1949-61. . six-point program to eliminate these inequi­ dependent communities, continuity of em­ 3. At the same time, softwood lumber im­ ties so as to provide equal opportunity for ployment and a healthy wood-products in­ ports from Canada were up from 1.4 billion the sale of American lumber in the United dustry. These were important objectives of board feet in 1949, to 4 billion board feet States and its provinces. the Forest Service for many years following in 1961. Can·ada supplies about 95 percent 1. We request that the U.S. Department of Secretary of Agriculture Wilson's famous di­ of the total U.S. imports of lumber. In Commerce arrange an immediate confer­ rective of 1905 which also referred to the 1961 alone there was an increase of '.'100 mil­ ence between lumber industry representa­ greatest good of the greatest number in the lion board feet in lumber imports from tives of the United States and Canada to long run. The proposed new regulation Canada. Canada supplied 5.2 percent of discuss the serious problems created by would establish standards of performance for U.S. consumption of softwood lumber in excessive forest products imports into the national forest management. It would require 1949, and in 1961 approximately 14 percent. United States; an annual report in the nature of an ac­ Lumber imports from Canada are up approx­ 2. The objectives of this meeting should be counting which could be used to appraise the imately 186 percent over the past 13 years. the removal of existing softwood lumber productivity of the national forests. 4. As of April 6, 1962, the U.S. Bureau of tariffs between the two nations until such Labor Statistics advises there are more than time as imports in either country reach 10 TIMBER APPRAISALS 200,000 men and women formerly employed percent of its domestic softwood lumber con­ The second proposed regulation deals in the lumber and wood products industries sumption, after which a 10-percent tariff with timber appraisal practices and is in­ now drawing unemployment compensation. would be assessed by that country on fur­ tended to allow the Forest Service to sell This figure does not include unemployment ther imports; ' Government timber without taking advan­ in the retail and wholesale trade. There are 3. We strongly urge that appropriate tage of its monopoly position where there are approximately 3 million employees in all the agencies of the U.S. Government take prompt no alternative sources of timber supply. A 50 States employed in the lumber and wood action to counteract the manipulation of monopoly proprietor, whether a private products industries. their currency by nations with lumber prod­ entity or the Federal Government is in a The forest products industries of the ucts competing with the U.S. lumber indus­ position to exact artificially high prices for States of Oregon, Washington, California, try in the U.S. markets; his products. Federal administrators re­ and Idaho provide over one-quarter of a 4. We urge such implementation and ex­ sponsible for management of public timber million direct jobs, and if related services tension of the Buy American Act principle as and the General Accounting Office must rec­ and community jobs are included, these in­ may be necessary to assure that all lumber ognize that in this monopoly position the dustries provide over 1 million jobs. and wood products used in construction, Federal Government has a life or death 5. According to the Wall Street Journal of federally financed and/or federally insured power over dependent purchasers and com­ April 4, 1962, Canadians are able to capture (as in FHA-insured housing), is of domestic munities. There is a real need for a regula­ whatever share of the U.S. market they de­ manufacture; tion to guide the administrators to preclude sire by quoting prices 3 to 8 percent below 5. The possibility of invoking section 22 of their taking advantage of the Government's U.S. producers. the Agricultural Marketing Agreements Act monopoly position. The regulation proposed 6. Current tariffs between the United by the industry would provide that appraised States and Canada are·as follows: of 1937, to obtain quantitative limitations in prices be based on average costs of produc­ (a) Most U.S. softwood lumber of the the importation of forest products into the tion and of average selling prices of products major general construction species bears a United States should be investigated; and rather than on bid prices which may be rate of 7.5 to 10 percent ad valorem ($5 to 6. Inasmuch as exports are of such great unrealistically high due to lack of an alter­ $7.50 per thousand board feet) when ex­ importance1 to the American lumber econ­ native source of supply, failure to offer the ported to Canada. omy, a thorough market study s~o-•ld be full allowable cut, excessive mlll capacity or (b) On the other hand, most Canadian made with the specific objective of expand­ speculation as to future values. The pro­ softwood lumber entering the United States ing the export of American forest products. posal would require that the lumber prices 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 9595 used in arriving at appraised prices be based freight cars loaded in Canada anc.: the smaller Alaskans have many friends in Seattle, and on current markets rather than speculative States rolled onto Alaska Railroad tracks, vice versa. There is not going to be any over­ forecasts. It would require that profit al­ to be unloaded at Anchorage, Clear, and night change in source of supply to Alaskans. lowances be based on averages for competing Fairbanks. Habit and close Seattle-Alaska business affili­ industries. Costs of logging, manufacturing, ations extending over many years past are and selling should be based on industry av­ The editorial, which appeared in factors which will preclude any dramatic, erages as related to local sale conditions. America's farthest_ north daily May 21, abrupt departure from the Alaska custom of explains what this service is and what APPEALS PROCEDURE trading with and through Seattle. it can mean in the developing economy But the change will come. In fact, it has The third proposal is a request for a new already started. Prince Rupert is in business appeals procedure. It proposes a prompt of Alaska. The editorial goes on to state: as an Alaska gateway city, and that designa­ and impartial procedure for resolving con­ tion will be permanent. Inauguration of the tract and contract administration and per­ With inauguration of Canadian National Alaska State ferry system operation next formance differences. The U.S. Forest Serv­ Railways• new "Aqua-train service," all man­ year, connecting Prince Rupert with all prin­ ice in its management of the national forests ner of consumer goods and commercial items cipal southeastern Alaskan communities, will is not subject to the requirements of the for interior Alaska can now be loaded into add impetus to Prince Rupert's role as an Administrative Procedures Act. The present railroad cars at any rail point in the smaller Alaskan gateway. appeals procedure is slow and expensive, and States or Canada, and not touched again Increasing development is bringing in­ the final decision remains with the seller, until the car doors are opened for unloading creasing competition among Alaska busi­ the Federal agency. at the warehouse door in Fairbanks. nesses. Competition forces the most We can now eliminate the costly han­ economical supply sources, and the most effl­ CONTRACT REVISION dling and rehandiing of Alaska-bound freight The fourth proposal is a request for a com­ cien t transportation routings. Prince Ru­ in Seattle-unnecessary labor which Alaskans pert has logistical and economi.cal advantages plete revision of the timber sale contract have been paying for with every purchase for form in order to establish a normal buyer­ over Seattle-advantages which must be uti­ more than half a century. lized by the Alaskan businessman who must and-seller relationship between the Forest Up until now "one-car through freight Service and the industry. At the present at least stay abreast of competitors to sur­ service" (with consequent lower freight vive. time, the contract form permits a one-sided charges) simply has not existed for Alaskans. relationship by reason of an excessive Whether Prince Rupert 5 years from now is Virtually every item purchased by Alaskans­ known as "An Alaskan Gateway City" or as amount of power and control in the hands groceries, clothing, automobiles, machinery, of the seller, permitting arbitr~ry, unilateral "The Alaskan Gateway City" is largely de­ etc.-has been loaded into railroad cars at pendent upon whether Seattle finds ~fficient seller domination of the buyer-and-seller point of manufacture and shipped to Seattle. relationship. methods to be competitive. We hope Seattle In the Puget Sound city Alaska-bound does. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I freight is unloaded, moved into a warehouse Aside from sentimental reasons it is to or storage area, moved back out and carted Alaska's advantage to have competitive sup­ suggest the absence of a quorum. to the dock, loaded aboard ship, unloaded The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ply sources and competitive shipping meth­ off the ship into a warehouse or storage area, ods and routes. Competition is the heart of pore. The clerk will call the roll. loaded again onto trucks or the Alaska Rail­ the American free enterprise system which The legislative clerk proceeded to call road-and, finally, unloaded once again at a has developed the 49 smaller States and the roll. warehouse in Fairbanks, Anchorage, or other which will develop our resource-rich Alaska. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I railbelt destination. Regardless of what the future brings in ask unanimous consent that the order Accompanying all this costly shuffling, competition between Alaska gateway cities, for the quorum call be rescinded. handling and rehandling was another cost­ May 18, 1962-"CNR Aqua.train Day"-will be ly unnecessary shuffle: Man-hours involved an important date when Alaska's develop­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ in the mountains of paperwork necessary pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. ment history is written. to keep track of the origin, present where­ A hearty and sincere "well done and thank abouts, and final destination of each item of you" is in order from Alaskans to the fore­ freight-plus all the bookkeeping necessary SHIPMENT OF RICE BY RED CHINA sighted railway executives who put new to separate all the charges of the several "Aqua-train" service into operation. Special TO CUBA carriers involved. bouquets are merited for G. R. Graham, CNR Alaska's transportation has for many years vice president, former ARR General Manager Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I been caught in the middle of the "chicken would not wish to let this opportunity Donald J. Smith, and present ARR General or egg first" problem: Development has Manager John Manley. pass without making a comment on an been stymied because freight rates and cost A few years from now we will be able to item which appears in the morning press, of living were too high~ cost of living and look back and clearly see the transportation which states that Red China has de­ freight rates were too high because of lack barrier to Alaska's development was breached livered to Mr. Castro in Cuba 24 million of sufficient volume and lack of a south­ in 1962. pounds of rice, which is said to ha~e bound fre.ight haul which comes with de­ arrived at Cienfuegos yesterday. This velopment. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is It's a vicious cycle. there further morning business? is a shocking report in view of millions The CNR ''Aqua-train" is the opening of starving Red Chinese. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ wedge, to break this transportation-develop­ pore. Is there further morning busi­ In this great Nation we are concerned m.ent logarithm. about starving Chinese people, and sin­ The Canadian National Railways opera­ ness? If not, morning business is closed. cerely so concerned. We are sympathetic tion involves running railroad cars onto with them in their hunger, difficulties, barges at Prince Rupert, B.C., and unloading the cars at the. Alaska Railroad terminal at AMENDMENT OF THE FOREIGN and problems. Yet I would feel it a ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961 neglect of my duty if I did not express Whittier. Routing via Prince Rupert shortens the distance from Midwest and Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I my sincere regret upon learning that the Eastern manufacturing centers to railbelt Red Chinese are shipping 24 million Alaska from 600 to 800 miles. ask unanimous consent that the un­ pounds of rice to Castro in Cuba at a The shorter distance, plus substantial sav­ finished business be laid before the time when millions of their own people ings accruing from elimination of unneces­ Senate. are starving. I think our Nation should sary handling en route, gives CNR a substan­ The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ take note of that as we begin to talk tial and distinct cost advantage over Seattle, pore. The bill will be stated by title for about sending food into Red China. This traditional freight gateway to Alaska. the information of the Senate. The Canadian National-Alaska Railroad re­ The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. action proves that the Red dictatorship cently published freight rates offer substan­ has no compassion for their hungering tial savings to Alaska consumers in the co~­ 2996) to amend further the Foreign As­ and suffering people. parat.ively heavily populated railbelt--savings sistance Act of 1961, as amended, and which we are sure Alaskans are going to be for other purposes. quick to grasp. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ SEATRAIN SERVICE TO ALASKA Unless Seattle and American railroads serv­ pore. Is there objection to the request ing the Pacific Northwest promptly modern­ of the Senator from Montana? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, the ize present antiquated Alaska freight han­ other day the Fairbanks Daily News­ dling methods, the traditional freight traffic There being no objection, the Senate Miner editorially pointed out: pattern from the smaller States t.o Alaska ls resumed the consideration of the bill An important new chapter in Alaska's de­ going to swing north. Prince Rupert will (S. 2996) to amend further the Foreign velopment history was quietly marked last largely replace Seattle as the "Alaska Gate­ Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and Friday morning at Whittier, when railroad way City" within a very few years. for other purposes. 9596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 1 BIPARTISAN EFFORT FOR FINAL administration and the prior adminis­ such unequal treatment of Americans SETI'LEMENT OF AMERICAN WAR tration strongly urged payment of the should be permitted under this program. CLAIMS PROBLEM ANNOUNCED-­ war claims out of the proceeds of the It may be that a system of priorities COMPREHENSIVE AMENDMENTS former enemy assets vested during World would be justified, but in any case we War II. A House subcommittee has rec­ must insist upon fair treatment of all our PRESENTED ommended a war claims bill with pay­ citizens under whatever war claims bill Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, Con­ ment provisions, and the full House is enacted. This amendment is cospon­ gress has done a grave injustice to tens Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com­ sored by Senators HART, JAVITS, WIL­ of thousands of American war claimants mittee is expected to recommend this LIAMS of New Jersey, SCOTT, and myself. by failing for 17 years to authorize pay­ measure to the House in the near future. Mr. President, on behalf of myself and ment for losses they suffered during Favorable House action is anticipated the Senators designated, I send my World War II. After much controversy in the near future, and the Senate amendments to the desk and ask unani­ and delay, an inadequate filing bill was should follow the same course. This mous consent that they be printed ·and reported to the Senate last September same amendment will also allow fair ordered to lie on the table. and is now on the Senate Calendar. compensation to be paid Americans who I also ask unanimous consent that This bill has languished on the Senate suffered losses in Hungary. The admin­ the texts of the amendments be printed Calendar much too long. It should be istration has supported inclusion of at this point in the RECORD. called up promptly, appropriately these claims on a proportionate basis The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ amended, and speedily enacted. No one because of the inadequacy of the Hun­ pore. The amendments will be received Senator should have the right to veto garian Claims Fund to pay more than 1 and printed, and will lie on the table; consideration of this measure because of percent of prior awards. This amend­ and, without objection, the amendments his opposition to either the bill or our ment is cosponsored by Senators HART, · will be printed in the RECORD. proposed amendments. JAVITS, WILLIAMS of New Jersey, SCOTT, The funds for payment of American The amendments are as follows: and myself. On page 8, line 15, amend section 204 to war losses are available. An agency for Second. An amendment to permit the processing such claims-tl;le Foreign read as follows: sale of vested assets despite the pendency "No claim shall be allowed under subsec­ Claims Settlement Commission-is in of interminable litigation as to the own­ tions (a), (b), (c), (e), and (f) of section existence. The missing ingredient for ership. The principal asset this would 202 of this title unless (1) the claimant final action is legislation authorizing the affect is the General Aniline and and all predecessors in interest in the claim filing and payment of claims. Every­ Film Corp., which is still being run were, on the date of loss, damage, destruc­ thing possible must be done to prod es­ by the Government. The amendment tion, or removal and continuously thereafter sential legislative action at this session until the date of filing claim with the Com­ would fully protect the rights of the liti­ mission pursuant to this title, nationals of of Congress. gants to just compensation in the doubt­ The American war claims bill (S. 2618) the United States, including any person, ful event they ultimately prevail in the who having lost United States citizenship which has been on the Senate Calendar lawsuit. In the interim, however, this solely by reason of marriage to a citizen or for many months, should be scheduled huge enterprise could be freed from the subject of a foreign country, reacquired for action promptly. The chances for dead hand of Government control and such citizenship prior to the date of en­ adoption of the amendments we are to­ allowed to develop to its full potential actment of this title if such individual, but day proposing to this bill are very good. for such marriage, would have been a na­ under free enterprise. This amendment tional of the United States at all times on Approval of this legislation with these also has had the strong backing of: both amendments would bring us close to a and after the date of such loss, damage, de­ administrations, as well as the endorse­ struction, or removal until the filing of his final solution of the war claims problem ment of labor unions, business groups, claim; or (2) in the case of an individual and would be a significant accomplish­ veterans organizations, and many civic who personally suffered the loss, damage, ment for this Congress. organizations. It is cosponsored by destruction, or removal for which the claim There has been a great deal said re­ Senators HART, CASE of New Jersey, WIL­ is filed is a national of the United, States cently about the obligations of the on the date of enactment of this title." United States to pay the balance of funds LIAMS of New Jersey, JAVITS, SCOTT, and At the appropriate place add a new section for Philippine war claims. During the myself. as follows: morning hour today, the Presiding Offi­ Third. An amendment to permit the lump sum settlement in the amount of "SALES OF VESTED ASSETS IN LITIGATION cer laid before the Senate a communica­ "SEC.-. Section 9{a) of the Trading With tion relative to the Philippine bill, with $500,000 of so-called heirless property the Enemy Act, as amended, is amended by an accompanying resolution of the House claims. This money would be used en­ striking out the period at end thereof and of Representatives of the Republic of the tirely to aid in the rehabilitation and inserting in lieu thereof a colon and the Philippines. I am very sympathetic to settlement of persons in the United following: 'Provided further, Th.at upon a this program and would support any States who suffered from persecution determination made by the President, in time reasonable legislation to redeem our during the Nazi regime. It represents of war or during any national emergency only a fraction of the estimated assets declared by the President, that the interest pledges to the people of the Philippines. and welfare of the United States require the But what of the Americans who have belonging to persecutees which our Gov­ sale of any property or interest or any part been waiting 17 years for payment of ernment vested and was unable to return thereof claimed in any suit filed under this their claims? More should be said and after World War II because of the death subsection and pending on or after the date done about this problem. It is time without heirs of the beneficiaries. This of enactment of this proviso the Alien someone spoke up as eloquently and is a most humanitarian measure. It has Property Custodian or any successor officer forcefully for our own citizens as for the support in principle of both adminis­ or agency may sell such property or interest trations, and the Bureau of the Budget or part thereof, in conformity with law our friends in other parts of the world. 'applicable to sales of property by him, at The American war claims bill deserves has specifically approved the $500,000 any time prior to the entry of final judg­ a high priority in our deliberations. I amount provided in our amendment. ment in such suit. No such sale shall be am confident that if given the oppor­ This amendment is cosponsored by Sen­ made until thirty days have passed after the tunity, an overwhelming majority of the ators HART, JAVITS, WILLIAMS of New publication of notice in the Federal Register Congress would support the kind of leg­ Jersey, ScoTT, and myself. of the intention to sell. The net proceeds islation which is needed and would re­ Fourth. The final amendment would of any such sale shall be deposited in a include under the bill all persons who are special account established in the Treasury, deem our commitments to our fellow and shall be held in trust by the Secretary citizens. nationals of the United States on the of the Treasury pending the entry of final A brief summary of the amendments date of the bill's enactment. Without judgment in such suit. Any recovery of to s. 2618 which we believe are needed such a provision, the bill would discrimi­ any claimant in such suit in respect of the follows: nate against Americans on the basis of property or interest or part thereof so sold First. An amendment to restore the the length of their citizenship and leave shall be satisfied from the net proceeds of provisions for payment of adjudicated later nationals without any remedy for such sale unless such claimant, within sixty the losses they suffered during World days after receipt of the notice of the amount claims rather than their mere filing as of net proceeds of sale serves upon the Alien provided in the pending bill. There is no War II. We have never sanctionec. any Property Custodian, or any successor officer justification at this date for deferring concept of second-class or junior citi­ or agency, and files with the court an elec­ payment of legitimate claims. Both this zenship in the law, and no precedent for tion to waive all claims to the net proceeds, 1962 · CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD--SENATE ..9597 or any par.t thereof; arrd to claim just com­ as amended, and recertified under subsection of the War Claims Fund to or.ganizatio:p,s pensation instead. If the court finqs that (b} of section 209, shall be considered as designated before or after the date of enact­ the claimant has established an interest, payments under this paragraph and no pay­ ment of this amendment pur·suant to this right, or title in any property in respect of ment shall be made on any recertified award subsection the sum of $500,000. If there is which such an election has been served and until the percentage of distribution on niore than one such designated organization, filed, it shall proceed to· determine the awards made under section 202 exceeds the such sum shall be allocated among such amount which will constitute just compen­ corresponding percentage of distribution on organizations _in the proportions in which sation for such interest, -right, or title, and such recertified award: Provided, That no the proceeds of heirless property were dis­ shall order payment to the claimant of the payment made on awards recertified under tributed, pursuant to agreements to which amount so determined. An order for the subsection (b} of section 209 shall exceed the United States was a party, by the Inter­ payment of jus.t compensation hereunder 40 per centum of the amount of the award governmental Committee for Refugees and shall be a judgment against the United recertined. · successor organizations thereto. Acceptance States and shall be payable first from the "(b} Such payments, and applications for of payment pursuant to this subsection by net proceeds of the sale in an ~mount not such payments, shall be made in accordance any such organization shall cons~itute a to exceed the amount the claimant would with such regulations as the Secretary of the full and complete discharge of all claims filed have received had he elected to accept his Treasury shall prescribe. by such organization pursuant to this· sec­ proportionate part of the net proceeds of the " ( c} For the purpose of making any such tion, as it existed before the date of enact­ sale, and the balance, if any, shall be payable payments, ·other than under section 213 ment of this amendment. in the same manner as are judgments in (a} (1), an 'award' shall be deemed to mean "'No payment may be made to any or­ cases arising under section 1346 of title 28, the aggregate of all awards certified for pay­ ganimtion designated under this section United States Code. The Alien Property ment in favor of the same claimant. unless it has given firm and responsible as­ Custodian or any successor officer or agency, . "(d} If any person to whom any payment surances approved by the President that shall immediately upon the entry of final is to be made pursuant to this title is de­ (1) the payment will be used on the basis judgment, notify the Secretary of the Treas­ ceased or is under a legal disability, payment of need in the rehabilitation and settlement ury of the determination by final judgment shall be made to his legal representative, of persons in the United States who ·suffered of the claimant's interest and right to the except that if any payment to be made is not substantial deprivation of liberty ·or failed proportionate part of the net proceeds from over $1,000 and there is no qualified execu­ to enjoy the full rights of citizenship within the sale, and the final determination by tor or administrator, payment may be made the meaning of subdivisions (C} and (D} of judgment of the amount of just compensa­ to the person or persons found by the Comp­ subsection (a} (2) of this section; (2) it tion in the event the claimant has elected to troller General to be entitled thereto, with­ will make to the President, with a copy to recover just compensation for the interest out the necessity of compliance with the be furnished to the Congress, such .reports in the property he claimed.' " requirements of law with respect to the ad­ (including a detailed annual report on the Amend the title so as to read: "An Act to ministration of estates. use of the payment made to it} and permit amend the War Claims Act of 1948, as "(e) Payment on account of any award such examination of its books as the Presi­ amended, to provide compensation for cer­ pursuant to this title shall not, unless such dent, or such officer or agency as he may tain World War II loss·es, and to a.mend the payment is for the full amount of the award, designate, may from time to time require; Trading With the Enemy Act, as amended." extinguish any rights . against any foreign and (3) it will not use any part of such On page 11, line 5, insert prior to . the government for the unpaid balance of the payment for legal fees, salaries, or other ad­ period the following: "except any claimant award. ministrative expenses connected · with the whose award under section 303(1) of title "(f} Payments made under this section filing of claims for such payment or for the III · of the International Claims Settlement on account of any award for loss, damage, or recovery of any property or interest under Act of 1949, as a.mended, is recertified pur­ destruction occurring in the Commonwealth this section.' suant to subsection (b} of section 209 of of the Philippines shall not exceed the "(b} The first sentence of section 33 of this title." amount paid on account of awards in the such Act is amended by striking out all that Section 2: On page 11, line 7, designate same amount under the Philippine Rehabili­ follows 'whichever is later' and inserting a the present text of section 209 with the tation Act of 1946. period. subsection symbol "(a}" and add at the end " ( c} Section 39 of such Act is amended Section 4: On page 15, line 19, amend sec­ by adding at the end of subsection (b) the thereof a new subsection (b} as follows: tion 4 to read as follows: " ( b} The Commission shall recertify to following new sentence: 'Immediately upon "SEC. 4. Section 39 of the Trading With the enactment of this amendment, the At­ the Se'cretary of the Treasury, in terms of the . Enemy Act is amended by adding at United States currency, for payment out of torney General shall cover into the Treasury the end thereof the following new subsec­ of the United States, for deposit into the the War Claims Fund, awards heretofore tion: made against the Government of Hungary War Claims Fund, from property vested in "(d} The Attorney General is authorized or transferred to him under this Act, the sum under section 303(1} of title III of the In­ and directed to cover into the Treasury from ternational Claims Settlement Act of 1949, of $500,000 to make payments authorized time to time for deposit in the War Claims under section 32 (h} of this Aot.' " as amended. Nothing contained in this sub­ Fund such sums from property vested in him section shall be construed as authorizing the or transferred to him under this Act as he filing of new claims against Hungary.'' I shall determine in his discretion not to be re­ REEMPLOYMENT OF JERRY JACKIS Section 3: On page 12, line 7, amend sec­ quired to fulfill obligations imposed under tion 213 to read as follows: this Act or any other provision of law, and BY AID "SEC. 213. (a} The Secretary of the Treas­ not to be the subject matter of any -judicial Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, on April ury shall pay out of the War Claims Fund action or proceeding. There shall be de­ on account of awards certified by the Com­ 1 of this year an excellent article re­ ducted from each such deposit 5 per centum garding a case in the Department of mission pursuant to this title as follows and · thereof for expenses incurred by the For­ in the following order of priority: eign Claims Settlement Commission and by State Agency for International Develop­ " ( 1} Payment in full of awards made pur­ the Treasury Department in the adminis­ ment involving one Mr. Jackis, written suant to section 202(d} (1) and (2). tration of title II of the War Claims Act of by the distinguished reporter Mr. Clark "(2} Thereafter, payments from time to 1948. Such deductions shall be made before Mollenhoff, was published in the Des time on account of the other awards made any payment is made pursuant to such title. Moines Register. Mr. Mollenhoff's ar­ pursuant to section 202 in an amount which All amounts so deducted shall be covered into ticle indicated that Mr. Jackis had been shall be the same for each award or in the the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous amount of the award, whichever is less. The fired after having done what appeared receipts." to be an outstanding job as an auditor total payment made pursuant to this para­ At the appropriate place insert a new sec­ graph on account of any award shall not tion as follows : for the Agency of the International De­ exceed $10,000. · velopment in Korea and Southeast Asia. "(3} Thereafter, payments from time to "SETTLEMENT OF HEIRLESS PROPERTY CLAIMS I suggested that possibly some un­ time on account of the unpaid balance of "SEC. -. (a} Section 32(h} of the Trading favorable and unfair treatment had been each remaining award made pursuant to sec­ With the Enemy Act is amended by striking accorded Mr. Jackis by his supervisors. tion 202 or recertified pursuant to subsection out all that follows the first sentence in the ( b) of section 209 which shall bear to such first paragraph down through the third para­ On April 10, I addressed a letter to Mr. unpaid balance the same proportion as the graph; and inserting in lieu thereof the fol­ Fowler Hamilton,Director for the Agency total amount in the War Claims Fund and lowing: 'In the case of any organization not for International Development, request­ available for distribution at the time such so designated before the date of enactment ing that he review the details of the payments are made bears to the aggregate of this amendment, such organization may case, furnish me a statement of the facts, unpaid balances of all such awards. Pay­ be so designated only if it applies for such and also review the case with a view ments heretofore made under section 310 designation within three months after such to determining whether or not some of of title III of the International Claims Set­ date of ena.ctment. tlement Act of 1949, as amended, on awards "'The President, or such officer as he may Mr. Jackis' supervisors should be dis­ made against the Government of Hungary designate, shall, before the expiration of the ciplined. under section 303(i} of title III of the In­ one-year period which · begins on the date · On May 3 I again wrote to Mr. Hamil­ ternational Claims Settlement Act of 1949, of enactment of this amendment, pay out ton requesting a reply to my letter of 9598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 1 April 10. On May 11 I received a letter Vindicatiou is more than just a moral vic­ in the yard to be used on the still uncom­ from Mr. John Salter, Director of the tory, for unless he is rehired by the foreign pleted structure. Congressional Liaison Sta:ff, on behalf of aid agency his discharge wm be a permauent He looked closer, and noted that asphalt Mr. Hamilton, indicating that a review hurdle to clear in seeking any other Govern­ drums in the yard appeared to have the ICA ment post. symbol painted out, and there were steel re­ of the facts would be undertaken. Chairman PORTER HARDY, Democrat, of Vir­ inforcement rods of a type purchased by I note with favor that Mr. Jackis was ginia, and Representative GEORGE MEADER, !CA. rehired by the Agency for International Republican, of Michigan, key members of When he filed his report, Jackis says, he Development last Monday, and although the House Investigating Subcommittee, have hoped to follow up with a more complete in­ his new job is not that of auditor, I un­ indicated they feel Jackie has been the vic­ vestigation. Instead, he said, he was derstand that it is one that is quite ac­ tim of a vicious conspiracy within the bu­ "chewed out" by Marliu Haas, the supervisor. ceptable to him as an administrative as­ reaucracy of the foreign aid program. He said Haas told him he had no business sistant handling insurance for foreign WANTS NEW STUDY investigating the material used in the Rus­ participants in the AID program. Jackie is hopeful that the committee will sian hospital. There is only one remaining item to force Aid Administrator Fowler Hamilton to Jackis told the Hardy committee he felt he make another examination of the case and had an obligation to investigate and report be ascertained, and that is whether or any indications of misuse of foreign aid. not any of Mr. Jackis' supervisors abused disregard the unflattering opinions and con­ their positions and took unfair advan­ clusions with which his superiors filled his PROBE OF WELLS file in the months after he reported the U.S. Withiu a few days after this incident, tage of this faithful Government em­ aid being used on the Soviet-sponsored hos- Jackie said, Paul Beroud, his immediate su­ ployee. I have been advised that a re­ pital. ' pervisor, and Haas assigned hlm to au in­ view of the record will be undertaken At this stage no one has attributed any vestigation of the wells iu the remote parts and is being undertaken to determine subversive motives to the officials in AID of Cambodia. These dozens of wells were whether or not any of Mr. Jackis' super­ who downgraded Jackis. Chairman HARDY constructed with !CA funds, and supposedly visors should in fact be disciplined. has indicated he believes it is a combina­ according to U.S. specification. tion of vindictiveness and bureaucratic Jackie said he went into the jungle ou a I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ bungling. ticle by Mr. Mollenho:ff to which I re­ half dozen expeditions to examine the wells, IN FOREIGN AID JOB SINCE 1954 accompanied by a French mission employee, ferred be printed at this point in the and by a small ·group of soldiers in the more RECORD. Jackis, son of a Greek immigrant barber, was born in Savannah, Ga., and was reared remote sections. There were no trains to There being no objection, the article in Charleston, S.C. He was a wiry 6 foot 8 many of the places, and they rode bicycles, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and weighed 135 pounds, and played high rode an elephant, or walked. as follows: school football. "We finally found all of the wells," Jackis How VIGILANT U.S. EMPLOYEE LOST HIS JOB-­ In 1942, after 2 years at The Citadel, he said. His reports on the wells showed that BOSSES BIASED, FILE JUGGLED, HE SAYS volunteered for the Army, and served with many were not properly constructed, that a large number were dry, and that in almost (By Cla-rk Mollenhoff) Patton's 3d Army in France and Germany. After his discharge from service in 1946, all cases the pump was broken, or had been WASHINGTON, D.C.-In Korea, Jerry Jackis he went to work as a clerk at the General pulled up and discarded. searched out and exposed a multim1llion­ Accounting Office and started to save money There were no !CA signs on the few wells dollar scandal in the use of American for­ to return to college. that were in place. Jackie made a factual eign aid. Iu 1948 he went back to the Citadel and report and suggested that something should In the jungles of northern Cambodia, he in 1950 was graduated with a bachelor's be done. rode an elephant and hiked with a small degree in English. He worked as a civilian DISAGREED group of soldiers to determine the effective­ employee in Marine Corps Headquarters, Badk at the Cambodian capital, Jackis ness of the U.S. program for digging wells, transferred to the National Security Agency, said, Haas and Beroud questioned his facts. to cutdown on waterborne disease. before taking 6 mont:Ps out for travel and "They had not been outside of the capital When he noticed that U.S.-financed con­ study in Greece. at that time, ·and yet they argued with the crete, asphalt and reinforcement rods were facts in my report which included the pre­ going into a Russian-sponsored hospital in SENT TO KOREA cise location of the wells," Jackis said. "They Pnom-Penh, Cambodia, he reported it. In 1964 Jackie was hired by the Foreign argued that I had not found the right wells, In many ways it would seem that 41-year­ Operations Admlnistratlon (FOA), the and I insisted that I had and that the re­ old Jackis would be just the man that the Agency that handled foreign aid at th(l.t ports were correct." International Development Agency (AID) time. It later became the Internatioual Co­ Jackis declared that a later investigation would want to help straighten out the for­ operation Administration, and was changed in 1960 by other aid officials confirmed his eign aid program. to AID last year. report. LOSES JOB Jackie was one of the first end-use in­ "But that did me no good at that time,'' vestigators sent to Korea. The job was to Jackie said. "They continued to fill my file But last week Jackis was out of a job, and trace down how foreign aid was used, and with complaints about my work." was knocking on doors at other Government determine if the final use was in line with agencies trying to find another before the the law, policy and goals of the United SWEPT FLOORS LIKE A COOLIE $30-a-week unemployment checks stopped. States. In August 1958, Jackis filed an appeal In January, Jackis was dropped from his The Jackie career was sensational. The from the low rating that Beroud and Haas $8,700-a-year job in the AID Agency on the multimillion-dollar scandals he uncovered had submitted. In the meantime, Jackis basis of a file that showed he was given in Korea came to the attention of the said he was taken off end-use investigations a "one" (low) efficiency rating in 1958, the highest officials there and in Washington. and was assigned to a warehouse where he month after he insisted on reporting the He was given a two-grade promotion in had to straighten the warehouse and "like a U.S.-financed material was being used on a July 1956, on the basis of his initiative and coolie" do such jobs as moving furniture Soviet showpiece, the Russian-sponsored hos­ performance. and sweeping floors. pital. His accomplishments were listed as ex­ "I did it, because I was sure that it would An investigation by a House Government posure of one $750,000 fraud, and uncov­ be all over when my appeal was read in Operations Subcommittee has established no «;iring of a m1llion-dollar scandal. Washington," Jackis said. justification for the low efficiency rating in However, when 'Jackie finally got to Wash­ 1958. NEAR THE TOP ington in the summer of 1959, he found But the big AID Agency just can't find a "The result of his initial findings will be that no action had been taken on his ap­ place for him, and obviously isn't trying very the correction of abuses now inherent in the peal. In fact, those he questioned couldn't hard. Some high employees of AID say that procuremeut and supply of ICA material," find it. in some respects it is a favor to Jackis to the report stated. His rating was now When it was finally found, Jackis was in­ refuse to rehire him, for he probably four which is next to the perfect five rating. formed that no appeal procedure was set up wouldn't be very happy working with AID Within a. year, Jackie completed his tour in what was then the ICA. Everyone seemed employees after taking his troubles to a con­ of duty in Korea, took his home leave, and at a loss as to what to do about the appeal. gressional committee. in March 1957, was assigned to Cambodia. TOLD HE WON WHY HE FIGHTS In his first months in Cambodia, Jackis re­ ceived ratings of three or four, and in the It wasn't until October 10, 1960, that Jackis Jackis ls enough of a realist to know that spring of 1958 he was commended for a com­ received any satisfaction from J. T. Wald­ he would be resented by some officials, for prehensive report on the status of the over­ en, acting director of personnel. his testimony has indicated weaknesses in all foreign aid program in Cambodia. Walden notified Jackie that "the deroga­ the aid program and laxness and incom­ tory implication of the efficiency rating men­ petency in administration of it. But he U.S. ASPHALT IN SOVIET JOB tiou has been overcome br subsequent docu- wants to be rehired as a foreign aid investi­ On June 10, 1958, Jackie was returning mentation." . gator to vindicate him in his 3-year fight to from work when he noted the Russian-spon­ "No further action on the appeal wm be get a public hearing. sored hospital had !CA-purchased cement taken by the Agency," Walden wrote to 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 95!)9 _ Jackis. "Future assignments, as for all satis­ situation among those who are already now. Despite farm subsidies, there is no factory employees, will depend on positions living in the cities and towns? That is featherbedding in agriculture which seems available, and the qualifications of persons the big problem. If we are able to take to have much effect. The process is continu­ eligible to be considered therefor.'' ing. Proved labor-saving technology already In his Washington work, Jackis was receiv­ care of the unemployment problem, there available is a long way from being fully ap­ ing "three" and "four" ratings, but that would be room for the farmers and their plied, and new research ls scouring out ad­ somehow didn't get him another assignment. families to find useful occupations when ditional improvements for the more distant FIRED ON BASIS OF STRIPPED FILE they move off the farms, but unfortu­ future. Last November, Jackis received notice that nately the situation is that we have a We spend much time talking about the he would be terminated in January. It was critical unemployment problem. That urgent need for farm adjustment. But the a polite notice that he was being fired, and is the point of the Des Moines Register bigger need, obviously, ls for adjustment of the hurrying newly named AID didn't take article. the rest of society to the adjustment that time to interview Jackis. has already occurred in farming. Before we complain too much of the State governments, rural towns, businesses Jackis was unsuccessful in seeking to gain situation as far as our farmers are con­ access to that file for months. When he related to agriculture, schools, roads-all finally examined it in the la.st 3 weeks, he cerned, I think we had better look fur­ these are compelled to change because of found it was stripped of most of the perti­ ther at the whole of society and try to the violent change in farming. nent documents on his side of the dispute. work out some solution to the serious Iowa, one of the most profoundly affected However, there was no lack of documen­ unemployment problem to relieve the States, still has far to go to recognize the tary evidence against Jackis. "The efficiency aggravation that is occurring when urbanized (and urbanizing) character of its rating of one that Mr. Hass had given me, farmers do move off the farms, because environment. which is well documented, is in the file," he Logical arguments can be made for slow­ they cannot make a go of it on their ing the pace of farm adjustment in the years said. farms. CLEARANCE MISSING ahead-but there can be no recovery of the I ask unanimous consent that the past. Our farm and nonfarm institutions Also eliminated from the fl.le were the editorial published in the Des Moines must face up to the change in agriculture records showing that the 1960 investigation which has already taken place if they are had actually cleared Jackis of the charges Register be printed at this point in the RECORD. to serve the needs of the people in the years in connection with the reports on the wells, ahead. and had found the "one" rating to be unsub­ There being no objection, the editorial stantiated. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "I'm no security risk. I don't have any as follows: GROWTH IN POWER OF THE EXEC­ criminal record. All I did was do my job, VANISHING FARMERS UTIVE BRANCHES OF THE GOV­ and I just didn't think that it was possible for this to happen to anyone unless you did The U.S. Department of Agriculture reports ERNMENT something wrong," Jackis said. that the number of people living on farms Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, on May in the United States dropped to 14,803,000 in Jackis said he felt fortunate that he is 14 the Honorable JAMES E. BROMWELL, not a married man with the financial respon­ 1961. sibility for children. That is a somewhat smaller number of of the Second Congressional District of "I'm a bachelor, and I have saved up a people living on farms in the whole United Iowa, delivered an outstanding address little money so I can get along for a time," States than live in the metropolitan area of at the annual teachers' appreciation Jackis said. New York City. dinner of the Johnson School Parent­ It is less than one of every 12 persons in Teachers Association in Cedar Rapids. the total population. The keynote of Congressman BRoM­ THE DECLINING FARM POPULATION It is probably the smallest farm popula­ lation in the United States since 1880. WELL's address is his concern-a concern Mr. MILLEE,. Mr. President, in the The number of people living on farms has being shared by an increasing number May 29 issue of the Des Moines Register been recorded separately by the census only of Members of Congress, political writ­ there is an excellent lead editorial on the since 1910. (Before that it was included in ers, and American citizens--over the subject of the declining farm population. "rural" with the number in towns below growth in power of the executive branch The writer of this editorial makes the 2,500.) In that year, the total was 32 mil­ of the Federal Government. As he so point that we spend a great amount of lion, probably about the high point of U.S. well put it, the question has been raised farm population. The num·ber declined time talking about the urgent need for slightly during the next two decades, then whether the written law, Congress, the farm adjustment, whereas the greater leveled off and even rose a bit during the courts, and the American people will need is for adjustment of the rest of great depression of the 1930's. longer restrain the power of the Presi­ society to the adjustment that has Since World War II, the drop in farm dency; and unless citizens act by public already occurred in farming. population has speeded up fantastically. opinion and the franchise we shall con­ How true that point is. The census The Department of Agriculture estimates tinue to surrender rights to the Govern­ of agriculture made in 1960 shows that that in the one year from 1960 to 1961 the ment, uncheck and unbalance the pow­ number of farm people shrank by about ers, and grant power to the Presidency for the year 1959, 22 percent of the 830,000. farmers produced 72 percent of the farm The figure of 14.8 million people living on until we shall have reverted to des­ products sold, and 39 percent produced farms is based on a very liberal definition of a potism. 87 percent of the farm products sold. farm. It includes all places with 10 or more Representative BROMWELL made it This means that 61 percent of the Na­ acres of farmland and $50 or more of farm very clear that he was speaking of the tion's farmers produced only 13 percent products sold per year. An even smaller Presidency-the executive branch of the of the farm products sold in 1959. I acreage can qualify as a farm if $250 worth Government--and not of any particular of products are sold. occupant of the office. His point was suggest that there is nothing to indicate The farm population has-been cut in half that the situation has become any better in the last 20 years and gives every evidence made with respect to the office, regard­ with respect to those people. While it of continuing to fall for some years ahead. less of who the occupant is. is recognized that many of these farmers But the absolute decline in numbers certainly I believe it would be most enlightening in the 61-percent category are only part­ will be slower from now on. for everyone to read this timely ad­ time farmers, it is obvious that many Those opponents of Federal farm sub­ dress, and I ask unanimous consent that of these people could not expect to make sidies who say that the Government has been it be printed in the RECORD. a decent living for themselves and their supporting an intolerably large farm popula­ There being no objection, the address tion and providing incentives for people to was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, families. And so we have been witness­ stay on the farm should look twice at the ing a great exodus of farmers and their upheaval which has occurred in two dec­ as follows: families from the rural areas in the last ades. Then they should ask themselves ADDRESS BY THE HONORABLE JAMES E. BROM­ several years. whether a more rapid rate of change would WELL, AT ANNUAL TEACHERS' APPRECIATION Within the last year 832,000 people have been possible or digestible. DINNER, JOHNSON SCHOOL PARENT-TEACHER have moved off the farms. The figures Since 1940, the total population has grown ASSOCIATION, CEDAR RAPIDS, MAY 14, 1962 from the Department of Agriculture by more than 50 million, while the farm I must tell you at the outset that I intend show that in 1960, 15,635,000 people lived population has shrunk by 15 million. to speak very seriously tonight, more seri­ The reason, of course, is the amazing tech­ ously, maybe, than a gathering of neighbors on farms. In 1961 the number had nological revolution in agriculture, brought might seem to require. We are here, how­ declined to 14,803,000. What are those on by publicly sponsored research and edu­ ever, because of a common interest in our people going to do when they move off cation. This has caused labor requirements children and when they are involved, middle the farms? What are they going to do in farming to go down and down-from 11 ground fades from the range of subject mat­ if we have a serious unemployment million farm workers in 1940 to 7 million ter. We either visit in warm detail, or we 9600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA TE June ·t talk very soberly indeed. Their future ls so of constitutional and statutory functions; a · "We have," a citizen ·wrote shortly ago, important, a.rid so long, perhaps light-yea.rs President ls a creature like you and me who "lost our ca.pa.city for· moral indignation." long. ls born, suffers, procreates and dies, and I am not sure he is right. I do believe, how­ I have been reading "The Coming Fury," when he itches, scratches. The President ever, that in our swift drive toward desirable the splendid first volume of the centennial here Is to the Presidency as the Queen in ends we are losing our respect for means. history of the Civil War which Bruce Catton England ts to the Crown. The genius of this Republic is still human has written. It opens on the Democratic I am not of the President's party nor of liberty, the genius of liberty 1s law, and good Convention of 1860 at Charleston-some the executive branch. I was of the party of law is a system of means by which all of days, weeks, or years too late. The most the former President but. not of the Gov­ us can freely and equally seek our individual persistent impression one carries from the ernment at all. This has precious little to or our common ends. book 1s this: long before Sumter was fired do with anything of real importance because Press this steel situation a little further. upon events had passed beyond the control long after our generation, you and the Presi­ What in fact did the companies do? They of the ablest persons then living. Chattel dent and I, are gone, and the children who raised prices. In all freedom some of them slavery, sometime before, had ceased to be have brought us here tonight are facing the raised their prices. I was personally as­ an issue between men, between North and problems of their times, the Presidency and tonished. I felt it to be unwise at that time. south, between owners and nonowners, and the Congress and the· freedoms of all the Yet it was, questions of collusion aside, a had become a matter between God and all people will remain if-and it is a poignant lawful act. There ls no law, State or Fed­ the American people. Some would merely if-we have been good stewards now. eral, against raising the price of steel or survive it--some like Mr. Lincoln writing to No violence should be done to this dis­ toothbrushes or grass seed. We have a free Mrs. Bixby would see it clearly as a violent tinction between the President and the domestic market. Admit the possibility, atonement for monstrous evil. None, not Presidency and I believe that the failure tQ which we must, that the action was taken even Lincoln, could control it, and he tried. recognize the distinction has caused trouble in good faith. Some historian may someday name the lately, and the kind and amount of trouble Now, if a citizen acting in good faith com­ month of the year in which things got out of raises anxiety and wonder about where we mits a lawful act and in return has applied hand; someone bolder may do better and are, and where we have been, and where we to him unlawfully the utmost coercive power tell us the early symptoms of a breakdown a.re going, and whether we sttll have our of the strongest Government on earth, where in popular control of our national affairs. control. a.re we? so far he or she has not been generally rec­ Here is the trouble: beyond any doubt the We are in a quandary, that's where. We are ognized and proven sound, and until these most important domestic actions of the in a quandary because we thought we were things happen we shall feed on fear. present President since he assumed the Presi­ safer than we are. For over 300 years we It has happened more than once since dency were those he-took with respect to the understood that the r~nge of lawful acts was Sumter, and it can happen again. A chain declared increase in steel prices. He acted infinite and that so long as we honored them of events begins, effect follows cause with swiftly and effectively. By some he was we would not be hurt. We knew where the acceleration, the point of no return ts praised for the result with good reason; by fences were, because we had knowingly built passed, the tide becomes irreversible, then others he was blamed, but -here lies the them. We were born with an intuitive un­ unchangeable and we come to a time of failure to make the distinction, the failure derstanding of Lord Coke's cry to King troubles in which even the best of us can not yet generally recognized, our real weak­ James-"not under men but under God and only make the best of it. ness and real worry. Remove the personality law." We understand Mr. Justice Holmes We shall feed on fears and we are feeding of John Fitzgerald Kennedy from these ac­ when he said, in effect, "If a fellow wants on them this May. The progressive develop­ tions so that your attachment or antipathy to build a slaughterhouse and I look in the · ment of weaponry and technology applied to to the man is idled, conceptually place a book and find nothing that says he can't-­ outer space make them particularly acute in faceless anonymity in the office-in the Presi­ let him build the slaughterhouse." international relations. But the very acute­ dency if you will-analyze the body of action We are in a quandary. The price of se­ ness of our fears, like pain in a tooth, ts down to the skeleton of power exercised and curities has fallen and fallen. Over $70 bil­ hopeful because it has demanded action. No you will, I suggest, be properly disturbed. lion in value has been sacrificed. Organized matter how we despair at the headlines, In the early morning hours of April 13 in labor is querulous or mute. The Congress . America ls making its best effort in this area. Philadelphia the rest of an American citizen is more closely than ever scrutinizing those Enormously over half the treasure spent on was disturbed by a knock on the door. The bills which would increase the Executive National Government goes into it. In our knockers were Federal police, acting without power and a number have been quietly weapons we have raw force. In our system the knowledge of their immediate superior, shelved. And all this is disqui.eting because of foreign trade we have economic strength. without writs or warrants, with no claim of as a Nation we are feeding on fears we In the principles of the Constitution we have wrongdoing against the citizen, investigators haven't had since our founding. In our moral force. In our programs of foreign aid with no questions to ask that could not have quandary we wonder whether we are indeed we have a blend of the latter two with the been as well or better asked in the morning relying on the certainty of laws or the un­ added recommendations of altruism. In the and with no right, constitutional or other­ certainty of men. Disarmament Agency, the Peace Corps, the wise. They had a personal mandate from the Where have we been? Over a long road Alliance for Progress, we have new ideas. Nation's highest enforcement officer, the At­ this President did not take us. In this I In space research we have a vigorous search torney General of the United States, a servant defend him. The President is presently being for incredible new developments which will and not the master of the sleepy and perhaps criticized, seemingly for his acts when fairly certainly bear on f:uture events. Most im­ frightened citizen, and one who took an oath we should bear the criticism for what we have portantly, with its very soul, the American to support not to violate the laws of the permitted to be done to the Presidency over people have wllled peace with justice. Ex­ United States. In New York a similar event the years. We have asked the Presidency to pression 1s lively. I for one am convinced took place. do many things we should have. done for that every action which would be supported In the following hours a grand jury was ourselves. We have not kept the available by a consensus of reasonable Americans ts impaneled in New York to investigate the instruments of civic achievement, municipal being taken or formulated. Criticize any possibility of criminal collusion in connec­ government, State government, congres­ portion ot this effort as harshly as you wish tion with the increased price of steel. This sional responsibility sharp and clean and ( and I personally believe that such criti­ cism is owing for the good of us all), Amer­ was a second grand jury. Another had been bright. We have tolerated the multiplica­ busy for a year with the same prospective tion of laws, by loose construction of our ica's presently asserted world leadership defendants. Constitution we did not understand or in­ belies the real fear 'that the force.a of inter­ quire into, by regulations we never knew of national anarchy are beyond control. In the following hours, committees of the Congress undertook investigations, one of and still do not, by liberal grants of general At least in tonight's frame of reference I powers, by acquiescence in the exercise of am willing to set it aside because of another the stated ends being punishment. In the Department of Defense companies implied powers, by forgetting that power matter currently most serious in which in­ corrupts and absolute power corrupts ab­ struments of control are at hand. We have which had raised their prices were denied Government business regardless of price, re­ solutely, by forgetting that a system of hurled our strength against the winds of checks and balances means internal checks chaos and war; in this other matter we have gardless of the public interest otherwise considered. upon and balances between the three great done nothing and said pitifully little. And branches of government, and between the herein, of course, lies the danger of losing All this and much more. And why? Be­ cause the President did not wish steel prices Federal Government and the States, by for­ control and being swept away by events. getting that unchecked and unbalanced I am speaking of the deadly growth of increased. And what has this to do with the Presidency? Simply this: So great is the power directed against our enemies today power in the executive arm of the Federal may be directed against us tomorrow. Government and in particular of power in present power of the Office that the question has been raised as to whether the written Where are we going? The answer lies in the Presidency. the future and is speculative. As your Con­ Note that I refer to the Presidency, not law, Congress, the courts, and the American gressman I shall give you my opinion. Unless the President. One is an office; the other is people will longer restrain it. We recall An­ citizens act by public opinion and the fran­ a man. This is of the absolute essence of drew Jackson's crack about letting the Su­ chise we shall continue to surrender rights what I have to say. The Presidency is a preme Court enforce its own decision. This, to the Government, uncheck and unbalance center of power over us created by laws of I can assure you, is a vastly more advanced its powers, and grant power to the Presidency our own making or acceptance, a complex case. until we shall have reverted to despotism. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 9601 Mr. Lincoln's word. is good enough for me .. COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The tyrant will not come to America from FOREIGN COMMERCE the request of the gentleman from across the seas. If he comes he will ride Michigan? down Pennsylvania A.venue from his inaugu­ Mr. CELI.ER. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection ration and take his residence in the White unanimous consent that H.R. 10038, to House. We have, in the last 15 months in provide civil remedies to persons. dam­ the Congress, inadvertently and carelessly aged by unfair commercial activities in STATUTORY AWARD FOR APHONIA we must assume, moved at- a hellish rate to or affecting commerce, and H.R. 10124, establish preconditions of dictatorship. The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10066) There will be no coup d' etat. Rather, at the be referred to the Committee on Inter­ to amend title 38 of the United States worst, there will be an extension and vigorous state and Foreign Commerce. They Code to provide additional compensa­ exercise of the powers we have granted. were improperly referred to the Commit­ tion for veterans suffering the loss or Is the matter beyond control? I do not tee on the Judiciary. The subject mat­ loss of use of both vocal chords, with know and you're not sure. In all sadness ter of these bills should be properly be­ resulting complete aphonia. I say I do not know. The ancients tell us fore the Committee on Interstate and that democracy degenerates into tyranny. Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ We are the longest lived experiment in free­ Foreign Commerce. imous consent that this bill may be dom and its ultimate success is not guaran­ A previous bill, H.R. 4590, which is passed over without prejudice. teed. In my heart--with my faith-I do not superseded by H.R. 10038, had been re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to believe we have passe.d the point of no re­ ferred to the Committee on Interstate the request of the gentleman from turn. I know that I would not have traveled and Foreign Commerce, and the present Michigan? a. thousand miles to say these things if I bill should likewise fall within that There was no objection. thought it were. But I know it could happen category. here and I am dedicated to seeing it does not. Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, is this bill on the DISPOSAL OF CERTAIN MATERIALS ADJOURNMENT UNTIL TUESDAY present Consent Calendar? FROM THE NATIONAL STOCKPILE Mr. CELLER. No, it is not. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if The SPEAKER. Without objectio~. The Clerk called the resolution Tin is the major surplus item involved requested that the record reflect that ganese metal (26 F.R. 11508, December 5, and represents an acquisition cost in ex­ disposal plans were merely suggestions, 1961); cess of $120 million. According to the not binding, and could be changed ad­ (m) Approximately ten million pounds of ministratively at any time. contained nickel and cobalt in the form of press, the Secretary of State has assured nickel oxide powder (27 F.R. 2260, March 8, the International Tin Council that the The amendment which I offer is de­ 1962) ; United States "will consult with the signed to remove from the resolution (n) Approximately five million pounds of Council and substantially interested gov­ specific approval by Congress of the so­ molybdenum (27 F.R. 4005, April 26, 1962). ernments before tin is released from the called plans of disposal which have been SEC, 2. All funds derived from the sales stockpile." While I have no informa­ published in the Federal Register. The authorized by this concurrent resolution tion with respect to the extent to which amendment does no more than this. It shall be deposited into the Treasury as mis­ consultations have either progressed or does not in any way affect the items of cellaneous receipts. will be undertaken, the emergence of the material or the quantities of them which Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, I offer an rubber disposal pattern seems to be would be approved for disposal. Since amendment. the Congress would not be consulted in clear, and I think i~ ~P~f The Clerk read as follows : rubber, ;ay be djsp s in~:t~: :~ the event the administrative agencies Amendment offered by Mr. HARDY : On page 'clesigne to sup ort th . r change the plans of disposal it seems to 1, line 5, strike out all that follows "Stock­ an o pro ec the taxpayer's inve~­ me to be unwise for the Congress to en­ pile" down to the colon on line 7, page 1, m dorse specifically the ones which have and strike out the matter in the p arentheses --Notice of the intent to dispose of these heretofore been published in the Federal which immediately precedes the semicolon Register. at the end of each subsection in section I. materials has been published in the Fed­ eral Register pursuant to the provisions My concern is accentuated due to the Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, when the of section 3 (e) of the Strategic and Crit­ manner in which the surplus natural Consent Calendar was last called, I re­ ical Materials Stock Piling Act, and the rubber program is and has been adminis­ quested that House Concurrent Resolu­ pending resolution approves the disposal tered. I voted against House Concur­ tion 473 be passed over without prejudice. thereof "in accordance with the plan of rent Resolution 582, which authorized This was done because I felt the need for disposition published by the General the disposal of surplus natural rubber more background information concern­ Services Administration in the Federal because it was apparent to me that the ing the resolution. Certain of my mis­ Register." Congress had not been supplied with full givings had been expressed to the This is where I disagree with some of and complete information in connection Committee on Armed Services a few days my distinguished colleagues on the therewith. My misgivings have been before when the resolution was con- . Armed Services Committee. Section 3 borne out by subsequent developments. sidered by that committee. (e) of the Strategic and Critical Materi­ Within the past year, the Foreign Let me make it perfectly clear that my als Stock Piling Act clearly states that Operations and Monetary Affairs Sub­ position in this matter is not arbitrary, the notice of disposal must be published committee, of which I am chairman, but is based upon my knowledge of the in the Federal Register and that copies conducted an exhaustive study of the ex­ manner in which the surplus natural thereof must be transmitted to the Con­ ecution of the rubber disposal program rubber disposal program has been and gress and to the Committees on Armed and our report was submitted to the is being administered. I concur com­ Services of each House thereof. It is House on April 2, 1962. I suggest that pletely with the principle that all stra­ further clearly required that the notice those of you who have not read that tegic and critical ll)aterials which are shall state the reasons for the "revised report study its conclusions and recom­ surplus to defense requirements should determination" of requirements, the mendations. be disposed of as expeditiously as pos­ amounts of the materials proposed to be Up to the present time two of the sub­ sible 'i'nder the provisions of the Strate­ released, the plan of disposition proposed committee recommendations have been gic apd Critical Materials Stock Piling to be followed and the date upon which adopted entirely or in part. Neverthe­ Act. ~ On the other hand, I object to the the material is to become available for less, despite assurances that other rec­ administrative procedures which have sale or transfer. The act further pro­ ommendations of the subcommittee are­ been followed in the disposal of surplus vides: being considered there is still urgent need natural rubber, and similar procedures for improvement in the manner in which That no material constituting a >part of may very well be in prospect with respect the stockpiles may be disposed of without the surplus rubber disposal program is to other surplus materials. In my opin­ the express approval of the Congress except being conducted. ion, other surplus disposal programs where t he revised determination is by rea­ On May 21, 1962, the House passed H.R. whtch involve several billion dollars of son of obsolescence of that material for use 10595, a bill to facilitate the sale and the taxpayers' money ought not to be in time of war. disposal of Government stocks of extra handled the way surplus rubber has been In this particular case the question of long staple cotton. This bill is impor­ handled. obsolescence does not enter into the con­ tant and significant as related to the It is, of course, important to remember overall question of the disposal of sur­ that the disposal of surplus strategic and sideration. plus strategic and critical materials. It critical materials from the Government In my opinion, the wording of the act vests full and complete responsibility in stockpiles is not an undertaking designed as set forth above only requires that the Secretary of Agriculture for the dis­ to yield a profit. On the contrary, these the Congress approve the disposal of the posal of 50,000 bales of surplus long programs involve the recognized loss of material and does not require the ap­ staple cotton. While the Secretary hundreds of millions of dollars and every proval of the plan of disposition pub­ doubtlessly will, and should, consult with effort should therefore be made to hold lished in the Federal Register. other interested departments and agen­ these losses to a minimum. All disposals of surplus mate~ials are cies of the Government, the final deci­ House concurrent Resolution 473 , co_n~ucte~ by the General ~erv1?es A_d­ sion is his alone, which is as it should which was passed over without prejudice l mm1stration pursuant t? directives _1s­ be. There is no room in this bill for on May 21, 1962, approves the disposal of isue~ by the Office of Eme1gency Plannmg buckpassing since the decisions of the 14 strategic and critical materials from \1 ~h1ch ma! be and are changed: from Secretary of Agriculture are not sub­ the stockpile having an estimated cur-~ time to time. The plans of disposal ject to the approval of anytother de­ rent market value of approximately $170 which are published in the Federal Reg­ partment or agency. I think it is signifi­ million. Seven of these materials are · ister are broad in nature and perhaps cant that the Office of Emergency Plan­ surplus to currently established objec- represent no more or less than a con­ ning tried to have this bill amended in tives. The remaining seven items are sidered opinion at that time as to the de- a manner which would make the Secre- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9603 tary of Agriculture little more than a fig­ The resolution was ordered to be en­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to urehead, with the real decisions being grossed and read a third time, was read the request of the gentleman from made in other Government departments the third time and passed, and a motion Michigan? and agencies. Wisely, the Committee to reconsider was laid on the table. There was no objection. on Armed Services rejected this pro­ posal. This was a good bill. It defi­ nitely fixed responsibility, and I hope EXTENDING CIVIL DEFENSE AUTHORIZING THE ISSUANCE OF A will be used as a pattern for other simi­ EMERGENCY AUTHORITIES GOLD MEDAL TO BOB HOPE lar legislation. The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 11743) The Clerk called Senate Joint Resolu­ There is a sound reason for my ref­ to amend the provisions of title III of tion 88. erence to this particular bill. On De­ the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, There being no objection, the Clerk cember 10, 1959, the Office of Emergency as amended. read the Senate joint resolution, as Planning-then Office of Civil and De­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving follows: fense Mobilization-issued a revised De­ the right to object, may we have a brief Whereas moments enriched by humor are fense Mobilization Order V-7 captioned explanation of the bill? m om ents free from hate and conflict, and ''General Policies for Strategic and Crit­ Mr. HEBERT. Yes. This bill merely therefore valued by mankind; and ical Materials Stockpiling," which was Whereas Bob Hope has given to us and extends the date that has been twice to the world many such treasured moments; published in the Federal Register on extended to the President since 1950. December 19, 1959. Under the provisions and The purpose of the bill was set forth in Whereas he has done so unstintingly and of this order, the disposal of surplus the reno rt as follows : unselfishly, with heavy demands on his time, materials was, among other things, made The purpose of the proposed measure is t alent, and energy; and subject to the "approval of the Depart­ to provide for the continuation of the Presi­ Whereas his contributions over a long ments of the Interior, Commerce, State, dent's current standby authority to deal with period of years to the morale of millions of Agriculture, and Defense and other gov­ the effects of an enemy attack upon this members of the United States armed services, ernmental agencies concerned." Al­ Nation. Under section 307 of the Federal in addition to those of our friends and allies, Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended (50 have been of immediate and enduring value; though statutory responsibility for the and U.S.C., app. 2297), these emergency powers disposal of surpluses is vested exclusively Whereas these contributions have been in the Office of Emergency Planning, that would terminate on June 30, 1962. made during Christmas and at other times Office through the above policy decision HISTORY by personal contact in countless miles of divested itself of this responsibility by As originally enacted, the Federal Civil travel around the globe, to the farthest out­ making its disposal decisions conditioned Defense Act of 1950 provided that these posts manned by American youth, during on the approval of other Government standby emergency powers would terminate times of peace and war, often under danger­ departments and agencies. The exercise on June 30, 1954, or such earlier date as ous conditions and at great personal risk; might be prescribed by concurrent resolu­ and of this authority by the Department of tion of the Congress. This termination date Whereas while at home he has given firm State made it possible for that Depart­ was extended to 1958 in 1954 and to June 30, and imaginative support to humanitarian ment to dominate the natural rubber 1962, by Public Law 85-514, dated July 11, causes of every description; and disposal program and contributed to 1958. Whereas in all this Bob Hope has rendered the unsatisfactory and disturbing con­ an outstanding service to th~ cause of de­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I with­ mocracy, as America's most prized "Ambas­ ditions which exist today. sador of Good Will" throughout the world: The report of the Committee on Gov­ draw my reservation of objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Therefore be it ernment Operations, to which I have al­ Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ ready referred, was critical of the pro­ the present consideration of the bill? resentatives of the United States of America visions of Defense Mobilization Order There being no objection, the Clerk in Congress assembled, That the President No. V-7, and it seems noteworthy that read the bill, as follows: is authorized to present in the name of the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of people of the United· States of America a this order was amended on April 25, gold medal of appropriate design to Bob Hope 1962. Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section in recognition of his aforesaid services to Under the amended order, however, 307 of the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, his country and to the cause of world peace. the Office of Emergency Planning is ap­ as amended (50 U.S.C., app. 2297), is further The Secretary of the Treasury shall cause parently still unwilling to exercise its amended by striking out the date "June 30, such a medal to be struck and furnished to statutory responsibility, and its disposal 1962" and inserting in lieu thereof the date the President. There is hereby authorized decisions are now subject to the approval "June 30, 1966." to be appropriated the sum of $2,500 for this purpose. of the Departments of State or Interior The bill was ordered to be engrossed or· perhaps the President himself if the and read a third time, was read the third The Senate joint resolution was or­ heads of these agencies acknowledge time, and passed, and a motion to re­ dered to be read a third time, was read their incompetence to decide on dis­ consider was laid on the table. the third time, and passed, and a motion posals in the best interest of the United to reconsider was laid on the table. States. I am seriously concerned over the en­ THE 1202D CIVIL AFFAIRS GROUP tire question of disposal. The Congress RELIEF OF CERTAIN MEMBERS OF The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 9199) THE U.S. MARINE CORPS approves the disposal of taxpayers' prop­ for the relief of certain officers and en­ erty valued at hundreds of millions of listed personnel of the 1202d CiVil Affairs The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 9522) dollars, but at· the present time the Group (Reinforcement Training), Fort for the relief of certain members of the agency of the Government possessing the U.S. Marine Corps who incurred losses statutory authority to carry out the will Hamilton, Brooklyn, N.Y. Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving pursuant to the cancellation of a perma­ of the Congress has failed to fully exer­ nent change of station movement. cise its responsibility and the Congress the right to object, I would like to make a statement at this point not only in There being no objection, the Clerk has no authority or control over the pro­ read the bill, as follows: cedures which may be adopted. I am reference to this bill, H.R. 9199, but also with reference to H.R. 9522. On the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of inclined to the opinion that the basic Representatives of the Unitea States of act ought to be amended so that the Con­ surface it would appear that there is a great deal of similarity between the two America in Congress assembled, That the gress can at least definitely pinpoint the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby author­ responsibility for these de.terminations in situations. As a matter of fact, the cir­ ized and directed to pay, out of any money one specific department or agency of the cumstances are quite different. It is in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, Government. therefore my intention to ask that the to each member, of the First Light Anti­ Meanwhile, Mr. Speaker, we have be­ bill H.R. 9199 be passed over without Aircraft Missile Battalion (Reinforced), prejudice, and to approve consideration United States Marine Corps, who was issued fore us this resolution to approve the on or about July 1, 1961, a certificate in lieu sale of surplus materials from the stock­ of the bill H.R. 9522. of orders for a classified deployment and who pile. I favor the resolution, but it needs Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent actually dislocated his family, as designated to be perfected by my amendment. that this bill be passed over without by the Commandant, United States Marine The amendment was agreed to. prejudice. Corps, the following allowances computed 9604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 'in accordance with law and the then ap­ southern interstate nuclear compact, and "(f) The Board may establish and main­ plicable regulations: for related purposes. tain, independently or in conjunction with ( 1) One dislocation allowance; and any one or more of the party states, a suit­ (2) Travel allowance for dependents travel There being no objection, the Clerk able retirement system for its full-time em­ performed to-and from the locations to which read the bill, as follows: ployees. Employees of the Board shall be dependents actually moved pursuant to the Be it enacted by the Senate and House eligible for social security coverage in respect certificate. of Representatives of the United States of of the old-age and survivors insurance pro­ SEC. 2. Travel, transportation, and dis­ America in Congress assembled, That it is vided that the Board takes such steps as may location allowances paid pursuant to the hereby declared to be the national policy be necessary pursuant to Federal law to par­ certificates before the effective date of this to encourage and recognize the performance ticipate in such program of insurance as a Act which were free from fraud and collusion of functions by the States with respect to governmental agency or unit. The Board axe hereby validated. the peaceful use of nuclear energy in its may establish and maintain or participate SEC. 3. In the audit and settlement of the several forms. The Federal Government in such additional programs of employee accounts of any certifying or disbursing of­ recognizes that many programs in nuclear benefits as may be appropriate. ficer of the United States, full credit shall be :fields can benefit from cooperation among "(g) The Board may borrow, accept, or given for all amounts for which liability is the States, as well as between the Fed­ contract for the services of personnel from relieved by section 2 of this Act. eral Government and the States. The any state or the United States or any sub­ SEC. 4. Payments made pursuant to this importance of the interstate compact as one division or agency thereof, from any inter­ Act may not exceed more than $25,000 in the means for promoting such cooperation is state agency, or from any institution, per­ aggregate. hereby declared as part of the intention of son, fl.rm, or corporation. · SEC. 5. Payments authorized by this Act Congress, already expressed in part in Public "(h) The Board may accept for any of its may not be made to or received by any agent Law 86-373, to facilitate the use of State purposes and functions under this compact or attorney on account of services rendered jurisdiction in and over portions of the de­ any and all donations, and grants of money, in connection with these claims, and the velopment and regulatory nuclear field. equipment, supplies, materials, and services same shall be unlawful, any contract to the SEC. 2. The Congress hereby consents to ( conditional or otherwise) from any state contrary notwithstanding. Any person vio­ the Southern Interstate Nuclear Compact, or the United States or any subdivision or lating the provisions of this Act shall be which compact is as follows: agency thereof, or interstate agency, or from deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon any institution, person, firm, or corporation, conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum "ARTICLE I. POLICY AND PURPOSE and may receive, utilize, and dispose of the not exceeding $1,000. "The party states recognize that the proper same. employment of nuclear energy, facilities, "(i) The Board may establish and main­ With the following committee amend­ materials, and products can assist substan­ tain such facilities as may be necessary for ments: tially in the industrialization of the South the transacting of its business. The Board Page 1, line 5, strike "member" and insert and the development of a balanced econ­ may acquire, hold, and convey real and per-· "member, as designated by the Commandant, omy for the region. They also recognize that sonal property and any interest therein. United States Marine Corps,". optimum benefit from and acquisition of "(j) The Board shall adopt bylaws, rules, Page 1, lines 9 and 10, strike " , as desig­ nuclear resources and facilities requires sys­ and regulations for the conduct of its busi­ nated by the Commandant, United States tematic encouragement, guidance, and as­ ness, and shall have the power to amend and Marine Corps,". sistance from the party states on a coopera­ rescind these bylaws, rules, and regulations. tive basis. It is the policy of the party The Board shall publish its bylaws, rules, The committee amendments were states to undertake such cooperation on a and regulations in convenient form and shall agreed to. continuing basis; it is the purpose of this file a copy thereof, and shall also fl.le a copy The bill was ordered to be engrossed compact to provide the instruments and of any amendment thereto, with the appro­ and read a third time, was read the third framework for such a cooperative effort ·to priate agency or officer in each of the party . improve the economy of the South and con­ states. time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ tribute to the individual and community sider was laid on the table. "(k) The Board annually shall make to well-being of the region's people. the governor of each party state, a report "ARTICLE II. THE BOARD covering the activities of the Board for the BASIC SALARY IN CASES OF AS­ "(a) There is hereby created an agency of preceding year, and embodying such recom­ SIGNMENTS OF POSTAI,i EM­ the party states to be known as the South­ mendations as may have been adopted by the Board, which report shall be transmitted to PLOYEES ern Interstate Nuclear Board (hereinafter called the Board). The Board shall be com­ the legislature of said state. The Board may The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10265) posed of one member from each party state issue such additional reports as it may deem to authorize the Postmaster General in designated or appointed in accordance with desirable. his discretion to pay increased basic the law of the state which he represents "ARTICLE III. FINANCES salary to postal field service employees and serving and subject to removal in ac­ "(a) The Board shall submit to the execu­ for services performed before the expi­ cordance with such law. Any member of tive head or designated officer or officers of ration of 30 days following their assign­ the Board may provide for the discharge each party state a budget of its estimated to of his duties and the performance of his expenditures for such period as may be re­ ments duties and responsibilities of functions thereon ( either for the duration quired by the laws of that jurisdiction for higher salary levels, and for other pur­ of his membership or for any lesser period presentation to the legislature thereof. poses. of time) by a deputy or assistant, if the "(b) Each of the Board's budgets of esti­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to laws of his state make specific provisions mated expenditures shall contain speci:flc the present consideration of the bill? therefor. The Federal Government may be recommendations of the amount or amounts Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving represented without vote if provision is made to be appropriated by each of the party the right to object, it is my understand­ by federal law for such representation. states. One half of the total amount of each ing, based on the committee report, that " ( b) The Board members of the party budget of estimated expenditures shall be the cost of this proposal is approximately states shall each be entitled to one vote apportioned among the party states in equal on the Board. No action of the Board shall shares; one quarter of each such budget $250,000 annually in the future. In ad­ be binding unless taken at a meeting at shall be apportioned among the party states dition, the accrued or accumulated cost which a majority of all members represent­ in accordance with the ratio of their· popu­ for years past is approximately $1,330,- ing the party states are present and unless lations to the total population of the entire 000. Obviously, on its surface, this bill a majority of the total number of votes on group of party states based on the last does not qualify for the Consent Cal­ the Board are cast in favor thereof. decennial federal census; and one quarter of endar. " ( c) The Board shall have a seal. each such budget shall be apportioned among Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent "(d) The Board shall elect annually, from the party states on the basis of the relative that this bill be passed over without among its members, a Chairman, a Vice average per capita income of the inhabitants prejudice. Chairman, and a treasurer. The Board shall in each of the party states based on the appoint an Executive Director who shall. latest computations published by the fed­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to serve at its pleasure and who shall also act eral census-taking agency. Subject to ap­ the request of the gentleman from as secretary, and who, together with the propriation by their respective legislatures, Michigan? treasurer, shall be bonded in such amounts the Board shall be provided with such funds There was no objection. as the Board may require. by each of the party states as are necessary to provide the means of establishing and "(e) The Executive Director, with the ap­ maintaining facilities, a staff of personnel, GRANTING CONSENT TO THE proval of the Board, shall appoint and re­ and such activities as may be necessary to SOUTHERN INTERSTATE move or discharge such personnel as may fulfill the powers and duties imposed upon NU- be necessary for the performance of the CLEAR COMPACT and entrusted to the Board. Board's functions irrespective of the civil " (c) The Board may meet any of its obli­ The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10618) service, personnel, or other merit system gations in whole or in part with funds avail­ granting the consent of Congress to the laws of any of the party states. able to it under Article II{h) of this com- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9605 pact, provided that the- Board takes specific . "(i) Prepare, publish and distribute (with . "(c) Alter the relations- between -and re­ action setting aside such funds prior to the or without charge) such reports, bulletins, spective internal responsibilities of the gov­ incurring of any obligation to be met in newsletters or other material as it deems ernment of a party state and its subdivisions. whole or in part in this manner. Except appropriate. "(d) Permit or authorize the Board to where the Board makes use of funds available "(j) Cooperate with the Atomic Energy exercise any regulatory authority or to own to it under Article Il(h) hereof, the Board Commission or any agency successor thereto, or operate any nuclear rea-etor for the genera­ shall not incur any obligation prior to the any other officer or agency of the United tion of electric energy; nor shall the Board allotment of funds by the party jurisdictions States, and any other governmental unit or own or operate any facility or installation for adequate to meet the same. agency or officer thereof, and with any pri­ industrial or commercial purposes. "(d) Any expenses and any other costs for vate persons or agencies in any of the fields of its interests. "ARTICLE VllI. ELIGIBLE PARTIES, ENTRY INTO each member of the Board in attending FORCE AND WITHDRAWAL Board meetings shall be met by the Board. "(k) Act as licensee of the United States " ( e) The Board shall keep accurate ac­ Government or any party state with respect "(a) Any or all of the states of Alabama, counts of all receipts and disbursements. to the conduct of any research activity ~rkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Ken­ The receipts and disbursements of the Board requiring such license and operate such tucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, shall be subject to the audit and accounting research facility or undertake any program North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, procedures established under its bylaws. pursuant thereto. Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Vir­ However, all receipts and disbursements of ~inia shall be eligible to become party to this "(l) Ascertain from time to time such compact. funds handled by the Board shall be audited methods, practices, circumstances, and con­ yearly by a qualified public accountant and ditions as may bring about the prevention "(b) As to any eligible party state, this the report of the audit shall be included in and control of nuclear incidents in the area compact shall become effective when 'its leg­ and become part of the annual report of the comprising the party states, to coordinate islature shall have enacted the same into Board. the nuclear incident prevention and control law: provided that it shall not become ini­ "(f) The accounts of the Board shall be plans and the work relating thereto of the tially effective until enacted into law by open at any reasonable time for inspection. appropriate agencies of the party states and seven states. · "(c) Any party state may withdraw from "ARTICLE IV. ADVISORY COMMITTEES to facilitate the rendering of aid by the party states to each other in coping with nuclear this compact by enacting a statute repealing "The Board may establish such advisory incidents. The Board may fonnulate and, the same, but no such withdrawal shall be­ and technical committees as it may deem i~ accordance with need from time to time, come effective until the governor of the necessary, membership on which to include revise a regional plan or regional plans for withdrawing state shall have sent formal but not be limited to private citizens, expert coping with nuclear incidents within the notice in writing to the governor of each and lay personnel, representatives of indus­ territory of the party states as a whole or other party state informing said governors try, labor, commerce, agriculture, civic asso­ within any subregion or subregions of the of the action of the legislature in repealing ciations, medicine, education, voluntary geographic area covered by this compact. the compact and declaring an intention to health agencies, and officials of local, State withdraw. "ARTICLE VI. SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENTS and Federal Government, and may cooperate "ARTICLE IX. SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION "(a) To the extent that the Board has not with and use the services of any such com­ "The provisions of this compact and of mittees and the organizations which they undertaken an activity or project which would be within its power under the provi­ any supplementary agreement entered into represent in furthering any of its activities hereunder shall be severable and if any under this compact. sions of Article V of this compact, any two or more of the party states ( acting by their phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this "ARTICLE V. POWERS duly constituted administrative officials) compact or such supplementary agreement "The Board shall have power to--- may enter into supplementary agreements is declared to be contrary to the constitution "(a) ascertain and analyze on a continuing for the undertaking and continuance of such of any participating state or of the United basis the position of the South with respect an activity or px:oject. Any such agreement States or the applicability thereof to any to nuclear and related industries. shall specify its purpose or purposes; its dur­ government, agency, person, or circumstance "(b) encourage the development and use ation and the procedure for termination is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of nuclear energy, facilities, installations, thereof or withdrawal therefrom; the method of this compact or such supplementary and products as part of a balanced economy. of financing and allocating the costs of the agreement and the applicability thereof to "(c) collect, correlate, and disseminate in­ activity or project; and such other matters any government, agency, person or circum­ formation relating to civilian uses of nuclear as may be necessary or appropriate. No stance shall not be affected thereby. If this energy, materials, arid products~ · such supplementary agreement entered into compact or any supplementary agreement "(d). conduct, o~ cooperate in conducting, pursuant to this article shall become effec­ entered into hereunder shall be held con­ programs of training for State and local per­ tive prior to its submission to and approval trary to the constituti,:m of any state par­ sonnel engaged in any aspect of- by the Board. The Board shall give such ticipating therein, the compact or such sup­ "(l) Nuclear industry, medicine, or educa­ plementary agreement shall remain in full approval unless it finds that the supplemen­ force and effect as to the remaining states tion or the promotion or regulation thereof. tary agreement or the activity or project con­ and in full force and effect as to the state "(2) The formulation or administration of templated thereby is inconsistent with the ·affected as to all severable matters. The measures designed to promote safety in any provisions of this compact or a program or provisions of this compact and of any sup­ matter related to the development, use or activity conducted by or participated in by plementary agreement entered into pursuant disposal of nuclear energy, materials, prod­ the Board. hereto shall be liberally construed to effec­ ucts, installations, or wastes. "(b) Unless all of the party states partici­ tuate the purposes thereof." " ( e) Organize and conduct, or assist and pate in a supplementary agreement, any cost cooperate in organizing and conducting, SEC. 3. Pursuant to article II(a) of 1;he or costs thereof shall be borne separately by Southern Interstate Nuclear Compact, there demonstrations of nuclear product, mate­ the states party thereto. However, the Board shall be one representative of the Federal rial, or equipment use and disposal and of may administer or otherwise .assist in the Government on the Southern Interstate Nu­ proper techniques or processes for the appli­ operation of any supplementary agreement. clear Board. The representative shall be ap­ cation of nuclear resources to the civilian "(c) No party to a supplementary agree­ pointed by the President and he shall report economy or general welfare. ment entered into pursuant to this article "(f) Undertake such non-regulatory func­ shall be relieved thereby of any obligation or to the President either directly or through tions with respect to non-nuclear sources of duty assumed by said party state under or such agency or official as the President may radiation as may promote the economic pursuant to this compact, except that timely specify. His compensation shall be in such development and ,general welfare of the and proper performance of such obligation amount not in excess of $100 per diem, as the region. or duty by means of the supplementary President shall specify, but the total amount "(g) Study industrial, health, safety, and agreement may be offered as performance of compensation payable in any one calendar other standards, laws, codes, rules, regula­ pursuant to the compact. year shall not exceed $15,000: Provided, That tions, and administrative practices in or "ARTICLE VII. OTHER LAWS AND RELATIONS if the representative be an employee of the related to nuclear fields. United States, he shall serve without addi­ "Nothing in this compact shall be con­ "(h) Recommend such changes in, or tional compensation. The compensation, amendments or additions to the laws, codes, strued to- " (a) Permit or require any person or other travel expenses, office space, stenographic, rules, regulations, administrative procedures and administrative services of the repre­ and practices or ordinances of the party entity to avoid or refuse compliance with any _law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance of a sentative shall be paid from any available states in any of the fields of its interest and appropriations selected by the head of such competence as in its judgment may be party state or subdivision thereof now or appropriate. Any such recommendation hereafter made, enacted or in force. agency or agencies as may be designated by shall be made through the appropriate state "(b) Limit, diminish, or otherwise impair the President to provide such expenses. agency with due consideration of the jurisdiction exercised by the Atomic Energy SEC. 4. The Atomic Energy Commission; desirability of uniformity but shall also give Commission, any agency successor thereto, or the National Aeronautics and Space Admin­ appropriate weight to any special circum­ any other Federal depa.rtment, agency or istration; the Secretary of Health, Education, stances which may justify variations to meet officer pursuant to and in conformity with and Welfare; the Secretary of Commerce; local conditions. any valid and operative act of Congress. the Secretary of Labor; the Secretary of 9606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 Agriculture; and the heads of other depart­ "For the keeping of property attached (in­ As the attached editorial so clearly ments and agencies of the Federal Govern­ cluding boats, vessels, or other property at­ states: ment · are authorized, within available tached or libeled) actual expenses incurred, appropriations and pursuant to law, to coop­ such as storage, moving, boat hire, or other Under such a national policy Colorado erate with the Southern Interstate Nuclear special transportation, watchmen's or keep­ River power, now used extensively in Cali­ Board. ers' fees, insurance, and $3 per hour for fornia, could be withdrawn at the expira­ SEC. 5. Coples of the annual reports made each deputy marshal required for special tion of existing contracts and used exclu­ by the Southern Interstate Nuclear Board services, such as guarding, inventorying, sively in the area of the Colorado River. pursuant to article II(k) of the Southern "moving, and so forth. The marshals shall It is my understanding that similar Interstate Nuclear Compact shall be trans­ >collect, in advance, a deposit to cover the mitted to the President and to the Joint initial expenses for such services and periodi­ sentiments were expressed during the Committee on Atomic Energy of the Con- cally thereafter such amounts as may be hearings on S. 3153 before the Senate necessary to pay such expenses untll the Interior Subcommittee on May 21. gr;~~- 6. The consent to the Southern Nu­ litigation is concluded; The San Bernardino Evening Tele­ clear Compact given by this Act shall extend "For copies of writs or other papers fur­ gram editorial follows: to any and all supplementary agreements nished at the request of any party, 30 cents NORTHWEST POWER entered into pursuant to article VI of such per folio of one hundred words or fraction Compact: Provided, That any such supple­ thereof; California has been planning on the use of mentary agreement ls only for the exercise "For all services in a criminal case except surplus power from the Federal plants in the of one or more of the powers conferred upon for the summoning of witnesses, a sum to Northwest in connection with the Feather the Southern Interstate Nuclear Board by be fixed by the court not exceeding $25 where River State water plan. Pumping of the wa­ article V of such compact. conviction ls for a misdemeanor and not ter south from the Sacramento River delta SEC. 7. The right to alter, amend, or repeal exceeding $100 where conviction ls for a will require more power than project itself this Act is expressly reserved. felony; can develop. SEC. 8. The right ls hereby reserved to the "For necessary travel in serving or en­ Under the existing law, California is en­ Congress or any of its standing committees deavoring to serve any process, writ, or order, titled to preferential use from the Pacific to .require the disclosure and furnishing of 12 cents per mile, or fraction thereof, to be Northwest. such information or data by the Southern computed from ·the place where service ls But now comes Senate b111 3153 to pro­ Interstate Nuclear Board as is deemed ap­ returnable to the place of service or en­ vide that the area of the Pacific Northwest, propriate by the Congress or any such deavor; or, where two or more services or both public and private users, could recall Committee. endeavors, or where an endeavor and a serv­ power used in California and put it to the ex­ clusive use of the Northwest. The bill was ordered to be engrossed ice, are made in behalf of the same party in the same case on the same trip, mileage shall California is resisting the proposal. Hear­ and read a third time, was read the be computed to the place of service or en­ ings are underway this week before a Senate third time, and passed, and a motion to deavor which ls most remote from the place committee in Washington. reconsider was laid on the table. where service is returnable, adding thereto Thus, there ls to be decided a new and any additional mileage traveled in serving strange national policy: Even if the people of or endeavor.Ing to serve in behalf of that the entire country pay for the construction U.S. MARSHALS' FEES party. When two or more writs of any kind, of the Federal powerplants (such as in the Pacific Northwest) , the area could claim the The Clerk called the bill viet - Union.'(•· House ·committee on ·the Captive Nations. Presidential authority constitutes a second Many Americans repeated this challenge to It will furnish the answers to the questions good reason why a Special Committee on him in follow-up letters. To date there has raised in the minds of countless Americans the Captive Na~ions should be formed. Pres­ been no reply to this .challenge, nor can who were bewildered by Khrushchev's -explo­ ident Eisenhower issued two Captive Nations there be, for no such study_ exists. It is sion in July 1959. Week Pl'.Oclamations during his term of of­ interesting to note that our Presidents feel fice. In 1959, when the ·captive Nations the need for more intensive captive nations THE AGGREGATE CONCEPT OF CAPTIVE NATIONS Week resolution was passed ,by Coltgre::;S, studies but our present Secretary of St.ate American thought about the captive world . the President explicitly summoned the alleges that enough is being done. has advanced considerably in the past 3 American people "to study the plight of the The fact is, of course, that no private or years. Increasingly the concept of captive Soviet-dominated nations and to recommit public body is engaged in aggregative studies nations is not being narrowly synonymized themselves to the support of the just aspira­ of the captive nations. What we do is with the few so-called satellites in central ations of the people of those captive na­ largely piecemeal, sporadic, and isolated. Europe. The aggregate concept of captive tions." This urgent theme was. widely re­ Indeed, the fundamental perspective of con­ nations is being progressively accepted. In peated in tne 1960 Captive Nations Week sidering and viewing the captive nations in many quarters it is recognized now that the observances.8 their aggregate entirety is nowhere present. captive nations in central Europe form only Now,~there can be no better.agency or me­ In short, we. are suffering from an intel­ a minority in the l!",rge family of captive dium for such popular study of the captive lectual gap in this regard and only our enemy nations,. White Ruthenia, Ukraine, Georgia, nations than what is provided for in H. Res. can profit by this. The great and necessary Turkestan and others in the Soviet Union 211. A Special Committee on the Captive task of studying systematically, objectively itself are being currently mentioned along Nations would quickly become the chief and continuously all of the captive nations, with North Korea, mainland China, Tibet, source of information on this subject. Its particularly those in the U.S.S.R., is nowhere arid N'orth Vietnam. , reports and studies w:ould be made available being undertaken. This aggregate concept is harmoniously . to every American ·and foreigner . seeking If we are serious about the captive nations, accommodated by House Resolution 211 and them. 'I;'he educational value of the com­ if we are determined not to ever acquiesce 39 other resolutions. With a forward look . mittee's operations would, be of incalculable. to Mosn't hear much Captive Nations is the best way to insure THE FIRST CONCRETE IMPLEMENTATION OF about th~ new frontiers, a genuine and real such popular study, I would naturally not PUBLIC. LAW 89-90 frontier 'continues to exist in connection be, t>pposed to it." In th__e 1961 observances Scores of informed Americans are aware with our understanding of the U.S.S.R. A of ,Captive Nations Week this feeling of the of the fact that the Captive Nations Week special committee would be in the most ad­ President was reflected in. his proclamation resolution, now Public Law 86-90, is yet to vantageous position to develop and exploit which was warmly received throughout the be implemented by our Government. Much this new frontier. A full-scale exposure of country.• In it he pointed out · that "it is can be ddne along these lines, and much Moscow's colonial rule in the Soviet Union in keeping with our national tradition that will be done in time. Of this the · writer would unquestionably be in the highest in­ the American people manifest its interest in entertains absolutely no doubt. . In fact. the terest of securing peace with justice. Noth­ establishment of the special committee ing can contribute more to a solid improve­ ~ Dobriansky, L. E., "Captive. Nations-­ would represent the first concrete implemen­ ment of relations with the U.S.S.R. than a Moscow's Ach1lles' Heel," the Manion Forum, tation of Public Law 86-90 by. our Govern­ live awareness on our part of Moscow's Nov. 12, 1961, pp. 2-3. ment. And this is another persuasive re~n colonial and · imperialist domination over 3'CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 106, p'art for such a committee. Congress passed the nations.within the tr.S.S.R. itself. Ambassa- 13, pp. 17675-17694. resolution, and it should be for Congress 8 .,-CoNGREl;ISIO~AL' RECORD, iolume· 107, -part • United Nations General Assembly; ·Oct•. 4,· ' 10, pp. 13168..:..13197.· ·" .Op·.- cit.,'-the Manion Forum, ·pp..- 2-3.· ~ -1960, pp. 11-20: .. 1962 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9619 dor Stevenson made a heavy contribution in the imperiocolonialism of Soviet Russia a No standing or some ad hoc committee this regard with his unique memorandum special committee would go a long way in could possibly assume such burdens. For­ on Russian colonialism last year.7 enlightening our own . people on the space, tunately, there are . many legislators with THE COLD WAR IN THE RED TOTALITARIAN depth, and significance of the captive na­ deep convictions about the captive nations. EMPIRE tions. The colossal hoax of communism They would gladly specialize in this field, would be clearly shown on the basis of data albeit at cost of time, effort, and much in­ The passage of House Resolution 211 is pertaining to all of these nations. convenience. Only a special committee can also justified on additional cold war grounds. In his first state of the Union message· the efficiently enlist and utilize their services. Invariably when we speak of the cold war, President emphasized: "We must never .for­ With Moscow's empire rumbling with we have only dimension. in mind; namely, the get our hopes for the ultimate freedom and troubles, the time for such a committee is so-called Communist world and the free welfare of the ea.stern European peoples." now. Time is in our favor now to do what world. But there is another extremely vital Of course, the captive peoples of Asia should must be done. Nothing else will do. dimension, that between the captive peoples have been mentioned, too. But the point and their unrepresentative governments. here is that an existing and well function­ The cold war, therefore, is not just between ing special committee on the captive na­ SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Moscow's totalitarian empire and the non­ tions would give concrete form to the Presi­ totalitarian free world but also and most dent's admonition and by its works would By unanimous consent, permission to fundamentally between the captive peoples guarantee that our people would never for­ address the House, following the legisla­ and their quisling governments. get these hopes. As has been said over and tive program and any special orders It would be myopic, indeed, for us to be over again, the existence of such a commit­ heretofore entered, was granted to: misled by Moscow's cold war zigzags. The tee would also be a permanent reminder to Mr. DENT (at the request of Mr. hot-and-cold treatment is part and parcel Khrushchev and Mao that we do not now ALBERT), for 1 hour, on Wednesday next. of the cold war game. To accede to Mos­ nor shall we ever write off the captive na­ cow's deceitful blandishments in its mo­ tions. There still are many appeasers in ments of trouble, whether it is brought on our country who would not like to have such EXTENSION OF REMARKS by forces within the U.S.S.R. or by Red a determination symbolized in this way. China, is tantamount to losing a round to Also, it should be evident from the nature By unanimous consent, permission to an opponent. Tpis would be rank foolish­ of the Rusk letters and other documents that extend remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL ness. As a matter of fact, this is the time a special congressional committee would be RECORD, or to revise and extend ·remarks, for a peaceable offensive, and a Special Com­ of invaluable service to our executive organs. was granted to: · mittee on the Captive Nations would pro~ Its productive and in many respects pioneer­ vide such an offensive. It would produce a Mr. TRIMBLE and to include extraneous ing work would also serve our U.N. delega­ matter. necessary and prudent leverage for the cap­ tion, our representation in UNESCO, and in tive peoples in their cold war against many other spheres of our Government. Mr. ROGERS of Florida. colonial Russian domination. Particularly Without question its material would be Mr. ALGER. would this be true, as the Honorable Douglas drawn on by foreign governments and repre­ (The following Members (at the re­ Dillon once intimated, in the prison house sentations. In this connection the inter­ quest of Mrs. WEIS) and to include of nations, otherwise known as the Soviet ests of our country would be enormous~:r extraneous matter:) Union.8 advanced if many other free world represent­ Mr.FINO. Unthinking utterances about precipitating atives were able to speak out with the same premature revolutions or igniting a hot Mr.PELLY. scholarly tone and presentation as did Am­ Mr. MOOREHEAD of Ohio. global war as a result of such action are bassador Tingfu F. Tsiang of China in the Mr. SCHNEEBELI. only a score for the enemy. For too long the 1960 U.N. debate on Russian colonialism.10 tremendous power of propaganda has been a (The following Members '

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Income Disbibution of the Tax Provi­ ing 1954 income distributions. If you in gross receipts of almost $15 million wanted to visualize these at current income sions ·of the King-Anderson Bill levels, it would be reasonably accurate to in 1961. The profit accruing to the Uru­ use the same percentage figures and raise guay treasury was close to $5 million. These funds were earmarked for unem­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS each of the income class items by 25 per­ cent, that is, the figures in the top row ployment benefits, physical education, OF would genera.Uy apply to the income class and for that nation's fight against TB. HON. HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI in 1962 of zero to $2,500. Mr. Speaker, this South American OF PENNSYLVANIA Percentage share of tax burden by . income country has the sense to realize that classes, social-insurance contributions, great benefits may be derived from a na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES personal income taxes, and all other Fed­ tional lottery. We, too, can realize a Monday, June 4, 1962 eral taxes, 1954 tremendous benefit here in the United Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, be­ States with our own Government-run All Fed­ lottery. ing under· the general impression that Soclal­ Federal eral taxes the workingman would be contributing insur­ indi­ excluding A national lottery in the United States Income class nnce vidual social in­ can produce over $10 billion a year in more percentagewise for medical ex­ contri­ income surance pense aid available under the Kin·g-An­ bution tax contri­ additional income which can be used to derson bill than he would contribute to bution cut taxes and reduce our national debt. funds available · through the present ------1- - - ·------What a lift this would be to Mr. and Kerr-Mills legislation, I asked the Ways 0 tq $2,()()() __ · ------· 6. 8 1. 6 3.2 Mrs. American Taxpayer. $2,000 to $3,000 ______10. 3 3. 7 4. 9 and Means Committee counsel to pre­ $3,000 to $4,000_. ______17.9 8.0 8. 5 pare for me memorandum indicating $4,000 to $5,:)00 ______18. 5 10.2 9. 8 a $5,000 to $7,600 ______28. 6 28.3 23.9 how various income groups contributed $7,600 to $10,000 ______8. 6 13. 9 11.0 Over $10,()()() ______Washington Report to the general tax fund as wel~ as ~pecifi­ --9-. 1 - - 34.3- - --38. 7 cally to the social security funds. My TotaL ___ -··---·-· 100 100 100 initial opinions were substantiated, since EXTENSION OF REMARKS the workingman is contributing at least The table indicates that the burden of OF twice as much to the social security fund financing social insurance legislation is con­ percentagewise than to the General centrated fQJ' more heavily in the lower HON. BRUCE ALGER Treasury. . . brackets than in the rest of the Federal tax OF TEXAS Figures submitted with the quoted structure. At 1962 levels, one could say that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES individuals above $12,500 of income pay only memorandum indicate that on the rev­ Monday, June 4, 1962 enue table, 53.5 percent of all social se­ about 9 percent of the cost of social security curity income is secured from persons but they pay a.bout one-third of ·the Federal Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under individual income taxes and almost 40 per­ leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ with incomes of $5,000 per year and less. cent of the total burden of Federal taxes ex­ This same income group on the other cluding social insurance contributions. ORD, I include the following newsletter hand contributes only 26.4 percent of This table is based upon the assumption of June 2, 1962: the general tax fund from which Kerr­ that the employer part of the social security WASHINGTON REPORT Mills legislation secures its funds. Ac­ taxes is reflected in the price of the products ( By Congressman BRUCE ALGER, Fifth District, cordingly, the workingman then con­ that they sell and consequently the burden Texas) tributes more than twice as much for of the employer tax is distributed generally Is consistency a virtue? Is it important the same dollar's worth of medical as­ in the manner of a. general sales tax. that a man stand for something? Should a sistance under the King-Anderson bill Member of Congress vote his convictions or as he would through the present Kerr­ not? Should men in public office be truthful Mills legislation. It appears that this with constituents or should men be political, The Uruguay National Lottery · defined (by some) as taking both sides of an argument has not been emphasized issue or dodge the issue entirely? In elec­ enough in our discussion of this con­ tions, should people support one candidate troversial legislation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS or both opposing candidates so as to be a The memorandum referred to follows: OF supporter of whomever wins? Does intellec­ This memorandum is in response to your tual honesty make any difference today~ One request to Leo Irwin for some statistics HON. PAUL A. FINO may well ponder these questions and their relating to the income distribution of the OF NEW YORK answers. There is even danger of being t ax provisions of the King-Anderson bill. IN THE HOUSE-OF REPRESENTATIVES branded prudish or "holier than thou" if· a The following table on percentage share strict standard of public service is followed. is based on the paper on the ."Income Dis­ Monday, June 4, 1962 To continue the worksheet o! a conserva­ tribution of the Tax Burden" by Prof. Mr. . FINO. Mr. Speaker, I would like tive theme (newsletter, May 19). To docu­ Richard Musgrave submitted to the Fiscal ment the statement "A conservative does' not Policy Subcommittee of the Joint Economic to apprise the Members of this House believe our Federal Government is designed Committee during their 1955· panel on· Fed­ with the Uruguay national lottery. to nor can successfully !eed, clothe, house, eral tax policy for economic growth and . In· this small country· of some 3 mil­ provide Jobs and basic necessities," let''s ·re­ statistics. These are based on data reflect- lion people, the national lottery brought call today's legislation and · the direction of 9622 ~0~9"RESSIONAL RJ3:CORD - HOUSE June 4 this administration. Food-farm program, facts to create fiction. In 1960, Kennedy could move 84 troops with 40,000 pounds Public Law 480, food distribution both at made a television film with an elderly man of cargo, or 108 troops with 24,000 home and worldwide, school lunch ·and milk in Kentucky. The man claimed he had pounds of cargo. programs, surplus foods combined with wel­ used up his life savings of around $900 to As to the long-range value of this air­ fare programs. Housing-public housing by pay for treatment of a hip injury. He ended craft, consider a flight from McChord the millions, urban renewal, area redevelop­ the program with a plea for social security ment. Jobs-public works, area redevelop­ medical care. Investigation revealed: (1) Air Force Base in my State of Washing­ ment, wage setting (Davis Bacon-Walsh The man had a private health insurance ton to Tokyo, Japan. That represents a Healey). Clothing-public assistance. Basic plan. (2) He spent only $80 (would have distance of 4,860 miles. On a nonstop necessities-public power, peacetime GI in­ spent only $50 ,except he wanted a semi­ flight, one _of these planes could carry surance, small business loans, medical care, private room) .' (3) He had told Kennedy 43,000 pounds of cargo from McChord to etc. These are but a few examples. Under about the private health care plan, but was Tokyo, or 160 battle-equipped troops. foreign aid, of course, we are engaged in all warned not to mention it on the program. This aircraft, in other words, is unique areas overseas. For my part, I shall continue The money-laden Kennedy distributed this consistently to interpret the Constitution as film copiously through TV stations all over in this capacity, as no other aircraft llmited government of checks and balances the country. The big lie was brazen, cal­ could fulfill such a mission. between Federal-State with residual power culated and deliberate." Issue of the day, The new Boeing all-cargo jets, whose in the people and between executive, legisla­ National Republican Congressional Commit­ construction is giving further impetus to tive, and Judicial. tee) . Many people say that people get the the economy of the Northwest, will sym­ · The effect o! the President's dictatorial kind of government they deserve. Do the bolize the introduction of truly mass suppression of the steel industry has spread people of the United States deserve the kind of government they're getting today? What transport of cargo by air. An ultimate throughout the entire Nation's business, evi­ result could be a reduction in cargo rates denced by the stock market plunge. It is do you think? interesting to observe the President's eco­ and, by making possible a reduction of nomic adviser, Mr. Heller, as he flounders inventories-and the elimination of ware­ around trying to explain the market with­ housing, a new concept of distribution. out crediting the President's action as the Breakthrough for U.S. Air Capability It is gratifying also to learn that Pan cause. (Subject: "Now they're lying about American continues in its diligent sup­ economics": "Walter Heller, President Ken­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS port of our military services and again nedy's top economic adviser, t ried to explain is pioneering in the development of com­ away the crash in the stock market by claim­ OF ing that the American people have so much mercial air cargo. The company is to be confidence in the administration's ab111ty HON. THOMAS M. PELLY congratulated on this farsighted move to hold the economy ln line that they are OF WASHINGTON and for being the first to ,take delivery selling stocks in the knowledge that inflation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on this splendid airplane. The acquisi­ 1s a thing of the past. This woolly headed tion of the Boeing 707-321C's by our thinking illustrates the confusion at the Monday, June 4, 1962 commercial air carriers will indisputa­ White House. Heller, in a speech Monday, Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, we recently said consumer prices have held steady since bly-result in further aid to our defense the administration came into office. This had a striking example of the way in posture and, by increasing international ls a lie. The fact ls that consumers prices which our Nation's military capability trade, mean an improvement in the Na­ rose again in April to an alltlme high of will be aided by bold leadership on the tion's balance of payments. 105.2. They have jumped 0.7 percent this part of private American enterprise. year, already as much as they rose last year­ I am referring to the fact that Pan a total of 1.4 percent since Kennedy came American World Airways has announced into office. • • • Heller said the stock mar­ the purchase of two American-built, all­ ket is no indicator of business conditions, Reduction of the National Debt that conditions are Just fine, and that the cargo jet aircraft. Designated the 707- 'recovery' will extend well into 1963." Issue 321C and manufactured by the Boeing EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the day, National Republican Congres­ Aircraft Co. of Seattle, they are the OF sional Committee) . This ls the adviser latest products of which America's vital whose advice West Germany categorically aircraft industry can be proud. HON. PAUL G. ROGERS turned down as it went instead to private When the potentialities of this air­ OF FLORIDA enterprise as the answer and soared to new craft purchase _are realized, we will find IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heights. Perhaps the President's strange that it represents an advance in both outlook on the role of government in our Mo_nday, June 4, 1962 lives was best stated by him in his New military and commercial cargo trans­ York medlcare speech. "The fact of the portation comparable to the transition Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak­ matter ls that what we are now talking from propeller to jet aircraft in the field er, the Ways and Means Committee is about doing, most of the countries of Europe of passenger transportation. currently considering the question of did years ago. The British did it 30 years Let us consider what thif> purchase temporarily increasing the national debt ago. We are behind every country, pretty means to the national defense. Since ceiling. I have submitted testimony in nearly, in Europe, in this matter of medical care for our citizens." Imagine such a state­ these new cargo jets will be enrolled opposition to this increase, and in my ment from the man heading the Government in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, the Armed testimony also called for adoption of a of the Nation that has the finest medical Forces, for the first time, will have on plan to provide for systematic reduction care in the world, where no one is denied call truly modern all-cargo jet aircraft, of the debt itself. Under leave to extend medical care for lack of money, a country which are financed, operated, and main­ my remarks, I hereby include my state­ whose health and freedom has resulted in tained by a commercial air carrier at ment at this point in the RECORD: pouring our wealth into these countries the no expense to the Government. President would emulate. Well, Hitler, STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE PAUL G. Mussolini, Fascists, Communists, and Social­ With the speed, range, and carrying ROGERS, MEMBER OF CONGRESS FROM FLOR­ ists have abounded in these countries and capacity of these jets, a major contribu­ IDA, BEFORE THE HOUSE WAYS AND MEANS they haven't given up trying to make us tion will be made to our military Reserve COMMITTEE, JUNE 1, 1962, ON THE NATIONAL over. They've been trying since before 1776, in times of emergencies. These Boeing DEBT but we've been helping them only the last cargo jets will be able to fly nonstop to Mr. Chairman and members of this dis­ 30 years-since the beginning of the New almost any of the world's trouble spots, tinguished committee, thank you very much Deal. President Kennedy is accelerating this carrying troops or material, or a com­ for the opportunity to present my views on change. Ironically, it 1s true that we can­ the proposal to provide a temporary increase not be made over from without, but only bination of both. They will be capable in the national debt. Let me say, with all from within. The changes are going on be­ of carrying missiles, trucks, ambulances, due respect to this great committee, that I fore our eyes. The question is will people and other mobile equipment used by an am opposed to an increase in the national see it in time to stop it. Here's another airborne battle group. debt, and that I urge the committee to dis­ account of what's happening to us. (Sub­ One of these planes alone can trans­ approve any such increase. Further, I ject: The big Ile-Kennedy's technique: port 82 percent of the daily rations of an respectfully request that the committee give "Even though he got caught in a medical airborne division. On a flight between its most serious consideration to reduction care lie during the 1960 campaign, President of the debt. This purpose could be accom­ John F. Kennedy apparently didn't learn Travis Air Force Base and Hickham plished by H.R. 1080, a bill which I intro­ anything, or 1s too indifferent toward the Field, Hawaii, for example, this would duced to provide for systematic repayment truth to care. On Sunday he spun another mean the delivery of almost 600,000 of the national debt. fabrication in his rally plea for medical care pounds of cargo per week. As an illus­ H .R. 1080, if enacted, would require the under social security. Again he trampled tration of the planes' flexibility, each Secretary of the Treasury to apply a sum 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9623 equal to 1 percent of the national debt an­ be reduced to •232 billion in 20 years, and the citation in behalf of my colleagues in nually in payment on the debt principal. A $172 billion in 60 years. This reduction in the Congress. system such as this _one would guarantee the principal would result 1n a saving of "The principal merit of our refugee legis­ payment on the debt, and there is no such nearly $19 billion in interest alone for the lation-in my opinion-lies in the fact that statutory provision for planned payment of first 20 years, and a saving of nearly $100 it realistically addressed itself to an existing the debt at this time. billion in interest over 60 years. problem. Assistance and resettlement op­ The national debt now stands at approxi­ I urge this distinguished committee to ap­ portunities were extended to specified mately $298 billion as a result of the tem­ prove this plan for systematic reduction of people and available in the area where as­ porary increase enacted last year. When the national debt as soon as possible. We sistance was needed. this increase expires July l, 1962, the debt must face up to fiscal responsibility some­ "Looking at the situation facing all of ceiling will return to $285 billion, unless time. We ought to start now. us-the Government of the United States otherwise altered by legislation. As this and the American voluntary agencies-at the committee knows, a debt ceiling is a bra.ke present time-I wonder whether we have not on Government spending, and we are spend­ somewhat deviated from this principal fea. ing too much. Refugees in Europe and Refugees in Dade ture of our joint activities. Any proposal to increase the national debt "Let me convey to you, in the spirit of true must also involve the reduction of the debt. County, Fla. friendship and frankness, a few thoughts There is a correlation between the size of the and a few figures. national debt and the interest burden it "It appears to me that there exists at this carries. As the debt grows larger, the public EXTENSION OF REMARKS time a striking difference between the refu­ is saddled with higher taxes to support its OF gee problem in Europe and the problem obligations. of refugees in the United States. What I As you can see, there must be repayment HON. HALE BOGGS have in mind is the difference between the on the debt itself. Morally, each American OF LOUISIANA situation existing today in the traditional has been taught that he must meet his fi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area of our efforts and expenditures--coun­ nancial obligations. When we borrow tries like Western Germany, Italy, Austria, money, we do so in good faith, and it is Monday, June 4, 1962 on the one hand, and just one area of the only fitting that we pay it back. The eco­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to United States-Dade County, Fla., on the nomic realities of life demand that we repay include in the RECORD the text of a cita­ other. our debts if we are to maintain good credit. "I have done some homework lately-here In the business world, debt repayment is tion awarded the distinguished gentle­ and abroad-and I am startled with the essential to our national economy. Yet in man from Pennsylvania, Mr. FRANCIS E. results. the biggest business this Nation has-the WALTER, by the U.S. Committee on Ref­ "In the course of last year, approximately business of Government-there is no specific ugees and the text of an address made 100 escapees from behind the Iron Curtain provision for planned repayment of our by Mr. WALTER on that occasion: appeared in the free countries of Western debts. WALTER AWARDED CITATION FOR MERITORIOUS Europe per month. Twice that number of The Federal budget for fiscal year 1963 con­ SERVICE BY U.S. COMM ITTEE FOR REFUGEES­ Cuban refugees enter Florida per day. tains an item in the amount of some $9.4 APPEALS FOR EFFORT TO RESETI'LE CUBAN "The entire caseload of the U.S. escape billion for interest on the national debt. REFUGEES OUTSIDE OF FLORIDA program (USEP) in Europe and the Near This amount represents an interest rat e of East, as of last month, was less than 6,000 3.2 percent as of April 30, 1962. Yet no­ The U.S. Committee for Refugees at its annual meeting held in Washington, D.C., persons. This is the equivalent of 1 month's where in the Federal budget is there an item influx of Cuban refugees into Florida. marked for payment on the debt itself. on May 22, 1962, awarded Representative FRANCIS E. WALTER, Democrat, of Pennsyl­ "However, this small USEP caseload is in­ In 1790, the national debt' could have been flated by over 2,200 Yugoslavs with more completely satisfied had each American p aid vania, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Immigration and Nationality, the follow­ than questionable claims to political refugee $19 into the U.S. Treasury. At the end of status. Further, USEP caseload appears to the War of 1812, that figure would h ave been ing citation for meritorious service: "Citation for outstanding work on behalf suffer from a little temporary swelling by the $15. Just after the Civil War, a payment of inclusion of emigrants in transit from one $78 from every American would have satis­ of the world's homeless is awarded to the Honorable FRANCIS E. WALTER, Member of the or two countries behind the Iron Curtain fied the debt. After World War I , $240 was to the hospitable Republic of Israel. needed. Today, with the public debt total­ House of Representatives, Congress of the United States, in which his long service has "I hope that steps undertaken under con­ ing some $298 billion, a payment of $1 ,604 sistent congressional prodding will soon lead would be needed from every living American been marked by deep concerns for the prob­ lems of migrants and refugees-as a Mem­ to the much .. needed pruning of USEP's ca,se­ to satisfy it. This would be a payment over load. If this is done, the number of those and above the taxes collected each year to ber of the House Judiciary Committee, the Joint Committee on Immigration and Na­ who may, at least with some degree of justi­ keep the Government running. fication, claim political refugee status, would This Nation is engaged in a great stru ggle tionality Policy, Delegate to the Council of Intergovernmental Committee for European certainly drop to 1,500 or 2,000 persons in for the survival of its freedoms. The great the entire area of USEP's operations. This global conflicts which the United States has Migration and the author of basic refugee legislation, whose most recent bill providing is precisely the number of Cuban refugees experienced in recent years are certainly entering Florida each week. major factors in our increasing indebtedness. for continued support of international refu­ gee and migration programs reflects the "In the course of almost 2 years' operation Today our resources are tapped with needs conducted by the Immigration and Naturali­ for huge armies and explorations into outer broad humanitarian approach to which his countrymen are by tradit ion committed. In zation Service pursuant to the 1960 Fair space. Our national economy is fortunately Share Act, only 11 ,246 refugees were found able to accommodate most of these essential grateful appreciation, "MAXWELL M. RABB, in Europe and the Near East to be qualified expenditures. for entry into the United States. As you However, there are m any programs which "President. "WILLIAM L. BREESE, know, no effort was spared by the administra­ are not essential to the survival of democ­ "Secretary." tors of the law and by the voluntary agen­ racy. It is this sort of nonessential spend­ cies to find more refugees qualifying for ing which I believe to be against the best In accepting the citation, Representative entry. Those efforts notwithstanding, it is interests of our Nation's welfare. Foreign WALTER made the following address: impossible to reach the statutorily author­ aid is a prime example of the kind of program "Mr. Chairman, I accept this splendid ized fair share which is 16,490. One of the which could be reduced immediately. Last citation with gratitude and humility. I ac­ most characteristic figures which I obtained year, the foreign aid program came to nearly cept it not as honoring myself only but ad­ is t he figure of some 2,000 refugees in Europe half of the interest on the national debt dressed to all my colleagues on the Commit­ who, after having registered for entry into itself. The American taxpayer would be tee on the Judiciary, and in the House of the United States, have changed their minds, greatly relieved, I am sure, if we were to Representatives itself, who made it possible withdrawn their petitions when invited for substitute an item in the Federal budget to interviews by our immigration officers, and apply as payment on the national debt in for the humanitarian legislation you refer to, to be placed on the statute books of the informed them that they preferred to remain place of the excessive billions spent on for­ in economically prosperous Europe. eign aid. What priority does debt reduction United States. "The contrast between this picture and the have in our Government when every con­ "The sentiments expressed in the citation refugee situation in this country is striking, ceivable program comes first? are obviously directed to all of those in the indeed. Official figures submitted to me just Mr. Chairman, the reduction of the na­ Congress of the United States who since the 3 days ago indicate that while we were beat­ tional debt must be done on an orderly, end of World War II have seen to it that ing the bushes to find, in Europe, refugees programed basis. Should this committee their country is at all times equipped with desirous of coming to the United States, the approve legislation to apply 1 percent of the legal instrumentality permitting to extend number of Cuban refugees already in this debt as payment on the national debt itself a helping hand to victims of totalitarian country had reached 114,000. The Depart­ with no change in the current permanent persecution who had to flee their lands. It ment of State is issuing entry permits for debt ceiling of $285 billion, the debt could is in that context that I am proud to receive Cuban refugees at the rate of 700 per day, 9624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 or 3,500 per week. The current rate of new sentatives. Participation in the poll was· proportion of those making comments applications for entry is 20,000 each month. not limited to any special group. Through expressed serious concern and outspoken There are, at the present time, 160,000 entry the mailing of a questionnaire and the permits stacked up in the immigration office opposition to increasing the powers of at Miami International Airport awaiting the cooperation of district newspapers, which the President and greater Federal ex­ arrival of more Cuban refugees. kindly reprinted the questionnaire as a· penditures that are producing mounting "At this rate-and nothing indicates that public service, the opportunity to par­ deficits and adding to· the burden of the the influx will abate-we will have by the ticipate was made available to all of national debt. end of this year 160,000 Cuban refugees in those interested in expressing their this country and we will double this figure, views. Following are the detailed results of or at least bring it to 300,000 in 1963. The poll contained 18 questions re­ the poll: "Why did I seize upon this festive occasion to swamp you with these facts and figures? lating to matters of domestic and for­ eign policy. The results of this opinion No The answer is simple: I wish to appeal to Yes No opin­ you for help. survey are now available. It is surpris­ ion "I wish to join my friend, Secretary Ribi­ ing that the tabulation indicates such coff, who appeared last week with a similar definite trends in the thinking of the 1. Do you approve the President's appeal before the conference of mayors re­ people of the district. The results show request for authority to buy questing their help in providing for resettle­ that opinions on half of the questions $100,000,000bonds? ______in United Nations _ ment of Cuban refugees, the many thou­ 27. 5 66.3 6.2 registered more than 75 percent support 2 • •\re stronger laws needed to sands who are already in Florida, and those assure safety and effcctivene~s who will soon arrive there, so that the bur­ or opposition. of drugs and cosmetics offered den might be shared rather than kept on The poll expressed great concern over for sale? ______------83.6 11. 2 5. 2 the shoulders of one community or one the national debt, approving by 89.4 per­ 3. 8hould the United States resume atomic testing in the atmos- county. cent the proposal that the annual Fed­ phere?. ______------63. 7 25.3 11.0 "I simply wish to appeal to you to con­ eral budget should include funds for a 4. Do you favor thi> President's centrate your efforts on the area where there systematic reduction of the national request for greater authority 1s a most difficult problem, a problem stead­ to lower or abolish tariifs? ____ _ 19. 7 70. 8 3. 5 debt. Other issues included approval 5. Should U.S. foreign aid funds ily increasing in scope and fraught with and surplus food be made economic and social compllca tions and of stronger laws to assure safety of drugs available to the Communist and cosmetics, 83.6 percent; opposition government,s of Poland and dangers. Yugoslavia? ______"The U.S. escapee program in Europe and to the President's request for tariff­ 11. 5 82.2 6. 3 6. Do you agree with the Presi­ in the Near East, is spending considerable cutting authority, 76.8 percent; opposi­ dent's plan for higher price sums of money, taxpayers' money, not money tion to foreign aid or food for Poland support,s for farm commodities coming from voluntary contributions, for and more stringent Federal and Yugoslavia, 82.2 percent; opposition controls on farm_production? __ _ 13. 3 81.8 4. 9 maintaining offices and staffs counseling­ to high price supports and more strin­ 7. Should the Fi>deral budget each under contracts-the steadily dwindling year include funds for a system­ number of refugees on a variety of subjects, gent Federal controls over farm produc­ atic reduction of the national including the problem of where to obtain tion, 81.8 percent; approval of the pro­ dcbt?------89.4 6.1 4. 5 posal to require, by law, disclosure of 8. Should servicC'men be granted an immigrant visa which the refugee is re­ educational and home loan luctant to apply for anyway, because he interest rates at the time loans are made benefit.c; similar to those pro­ found employment and housing in the coun­ or installment credit is granted, 84.9 vided for World War II and try which gave him asylum. Korean veterans? ______55.8 37. 8 6.4 percent; opposition to granting power to 9. Should it be ri>quired by law that "The situation in Florida is just the re­ the President to adjust income taxes, lenders and vendors disclose in verse. The number of Cuban refugees who-­ 88 percent; and approval of the use of advance actual interest rates as time progresses--desire more and more to credit?on lo ans______and______installment______be removed from the shores of Florida into wiretap evidence by the Federal Gov­ 84. 9 10. 3 4. 8 10. Should Congress approve tne communities where they may not have to ernment for certain serious offenses, President's request for $2,000,- rely on welfare assistance provided by Secre­ 85.1 percent. 000,000 for standby public works programs in case of a tary Ribicoff's agency, 1s steadily increasing. The question of sending U.S. troops to recession? ______They are the ones who need counseling, the 38.9 56.1 5.0 Vietnam and other countries of southeast 11. Should Congress give the Presi­ communities that might accept them need Asia to def end this area from Communist dent power to raise and lower counseling, and potential American employ­ income taxes? ______8.0 88.0 ,.o ers need counseling. penetration showed the narrowest di­ 12. Should the Federal Government vision of opinion-40.1 percent in favor be em powered to me wiretap "I am convinced that if the American vol­ evidence iu cases involving se­ untary agencies would expend in Florida just and 44.9 percent opposing. It also re­ curity, organi1,ed crime, and a fraction of the funds and efforts spent in flected the greatest indecision with 15 other serious off.enses? ______85.1 10.2 •. 7 Western Europe, Secretary Ribicoff's appeal percent registering no opinion. The sec­ 13. Do you support the President's proposal for $747,800,000 in Fed­ would begin to bear fruit very soon. ond closest division related to whether eral aid to improve the quality "Your committee, I am sure, wlll not deny stronger civil rights laws are needed. On oftion? grade ______and high school educa-______us its support and join the efforts designed 36. 5 57. 7 5.8 to have the American voluntary agencies this issue 48.5 percent favored stronger 14. Are you in favor of tax deduc­ laws, 37 percent opposed and 14.5 per­ tions !or parents to assist them and civic groups concentrate on the most in pllying college tuition cost,s preMing refugee problem-the problem of cent expressed no opinion. for their children? ______60.9 35. 3 3.8 refugees in the United States." In the debate over medical care for the 15. Do you approve tbll President's request for $4,870,000,000 for the aged, the poll indicated widespread pop­ foreign aid program during the ular concern about both the issue and the next 12 months? ______16.1 75.1 8.8 problem underlying it. A total of 22.2 16. Do you believe tho United States should send troops to defend Results of 1962 Public Opinion P·oll percent favored the social security ap­ Vietnam or other countries in proach taken in the King-Anderson bill. southea~t Asia from Commu- nist penetration? ______40.1 44. 9 15. 0 EXTENSION OF REMARKS The philosophy of the Kerr-Mills Act, 17. Are stronger civil rights Jaws embodying Federal-State assistance needed? ____ ------48. 5 37.0 14. 5 OF 18. Which one of the following plans based on need, was favored by 19.2 per­ for medical care for the aged HON. TOM V. MOOREHEAD ·cent. · A voluntary program of medical do you approve: A. A compulsory Federal pro­ OF OHIO insurance, with costs shared by private gram of boQpita!ization IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES individuals and the Federal Government, and nur43ing home care to received the support of 17 .2 percent. persons ovi>r 65 eligible Monday, June 4. 1962 for social security, psid Private hospitalization insurance and no for by increased social se- Mr. MOOREHEAD of Ohio. Mr. Federal participation was favored by curity tax,:,s? ______22. 2 , B .•\ Federal-State program of Speaker, for the past 2 months, I have 33.2 percent. assistance based on need, been conducting a public opinion poll in Many hundreds of persons returning finan<>ed from general rev­ enues?______19. 2 the 15th Congressional District of Ohio, the questionnaire added comments dis­ C. A voluntary program of which I have the honor to represent here. cussing the issues. Although these com­ wedical insurance, with ----·· 8. 2 · _costs shared by the Fed- It hu been my purpose to solicit the ments are extremely-helpful to me in as­ eral Government and in- opinions of a large segment of the people sessing the feelings of the people of the dividual beneflclarles? ____ 17. 2 of southeastern Ohio to determine their district, it is not possible,-unfortunately, D. Pflvate hosplt(llizatlon In­ surance and no Federal f eellngs about important issues that are to reflect them in statistical form. How.:. - · participat1onL.-~-~------33. 2 awaiting action by the ·House of Repre- ever, I wish to point out tliat ~ very large -- ' 1962 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9625 Smoking and Health resents merely a review -and evaluation of apparently more susceptible to lung cancer, certain preexisting data already published or to many other types of cancer. Evidence and considered. That the report 1s no more continues to accumulate to show that lung EXTENSION OF REMARKS than a summary and critique of previously cancers often a.rise around old lung damage OJ' available evidence ts admitted by its authors. scars. These leads need further research at­ The scientific situation regarding what is tention t,o learn if previous lung ailments HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT known and what is not known about lung may provide a clue to susceptibility in lung OF VIRGINIA cancer and other diseases under considera­ cancer. . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.8 tion remains as it was before the Royal Col· If smoking does have a role in the develop­ lege report. These diseases are exceedingly ment of lung cancer, by what mechanism Monday, June 4, 1962 complex problems. does this occur? Most theories originally Mr. ABBI'IT. Mr. Speaker, in recent In dealing with biological problems, espe­ advanced on this question have been either cially those involving .basic life processes, tt abandoned or extremely modified. In dis· days there has been considerable dis .. is difficult but essential to distinguish be­ cussing this question in January 1962, the cussion of the question of the causes of tween what is actually known, what is ad­ British publication the Lancet observed: "No lung cancer. Certain statements have vanced as theory or deduction, what is classical carcinogen ( cancer-producing been made that reflect adversely upon opinion, and what is actually not known. agent) has been found in adequate concen­ the tobacco industry in a most unfair This applies directly and importantly to tration in tobacco smoke; no genuine lung manner. cancer. eancers have been produced. experimentally; In an effort to clarify some of the When emotional attitudes become in· and, though tobacco tar produces cancer valved, as they most certainly do in the when painted in mouse skin, it ts a slow and points raised, I have communicated with tobacco and health situation, thes~ essential ineffective agent by all ordinary standards." Dr. Clarence Cook Little, scientific di­ differences become even more difficult to dis­ In discussing this fact, the Lancet, which rector of the tobacco industry research tinguish. accepts the cigarette theory of lung cancer committee, asking his informed views on The Royal College of Physicians report is causation, can only speculate as to a pos­ the subject. Dr. Little, a cancer sci­ .a serious document that selects and presents sible role for smoke as a promoting agent entist for 53 years, is former president some known facts, considerable theory and or cocarcinogen. But this leaves the realm of the Universities of Michigan and deduction, much opinion, and even a little of the known fact and ventures into the Maine, and founder of the Jackson Me­ of what is not known. It does this in such area of the uncertain opinion. a manner as to advance the hypothesis that Why do pathologists, tn their studies of morial Laboratory 1n Maine. He is an cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung lung tissues ·and lung cancer sections, dis• emµient scientist who is widely respected cancer, and may be involved in other dis· agree on such basic questions as how much both in this country and around the eases. The authors thereupon urge restric­ increase there has been in lung cancer? world. tive measures against cigarettes. What kinds of lung cancer are the predomi­ I include herewith my letter to Dr. For the research scientist, this approach nant problem? Where · do lung cancers Little and his reply. and commend this leaves too many questions unanswered. The originate 1n the main passages (bronchi) to the reading of the Members of the purpose of research ts to find out what is not where all inhalation hits or in the more re­ known. What are some of the questions and mote parts (peripheries) of the lung? Firm House: knowledge on questions such as these could MAY 28, 1962. basic information which the Royal College of Dr. CLARENCE CooK LlTl'LE, Physicians report either does not answer or affect the scientific world's whole attitude Scientific Director, Tobacc9 Industry Re­ . neglects? It may be well to remind ourselves toward the problem of lung cancer. A num­ search Committee, New York, N.Y. of what is and ls not known. ber of recent studies, either omitted from or DEAR DR. LrrrLE: I have noticed·much dis­ Statistical data, upon which the Royal given scant attention In the Royal College cussion on the recent report on· "Smoking College of Physicians report and earlier sim• of Physicians• report, have demonstrated and Health" by the Royal College of Physi­ ilar reviews chiefly rely, may help point out that the answers even to such fundamental cians in England. The Impression has been a problem; they do not provide the solution. questions as these are not known, and may given that there has been a major change This ts clearly brought out by a comment well not be as previously supposed. in the situation involving smoking and on statistical and epidemiological data in a If even the nature and the_ origin of the health. U.S. Public Health Service monograph on problem are not known, how is it possible Because of your long experience as a can­ cancer morbidity published in 1959: to define, much less be precise, about a role cer scientist and your position as scientific "In the study of cancer, a disease that ap­ of any single factor or combination of director of the tobacco Industry research parently can be induced by a multiplicity of factors? committee, I would iike your views about etiological agents, one cannot realistically Why is it, as the Royal c .ollege of Phy· some questions tbat are being raised. expect to do more than identify factors that sicians' report states, that tobacco is some­ Does this English report contain new find­ appear to be frequently associated with ean• thing "most smokers enjoy without injury ings that affect the situation regarding cer. The proof -0f an etiological relationship to their health?" We need t,o learn more smoking? Should there be a reexamination must then be sought through more intensive about the differences between those people, or changes in the research programs being clinical or experimental studies." including the majority of smokers, who do conducted inoo smoking and health ques• The answer t,o the question, "What are the not appear t,o incur a risk of .certain diseases tions? basic causes of lung cancer?" must be sought and those who, according to statistical Your comments .on this matter will be re­ by methods other than statistical studies. studies, apparently Incur a greater health ceived with tnterf!st. What are some of the more specific questions risk for those diseases. With kindest regards, I am that are in need of research-attention? We should seek to learn more about the W. M. ABBITT. Why has there been consistent and uni­ differences between the person who becomes versal !allure ln every effort t,o induce lung a heavy smoker and one who does not smoke. ToBACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH CO:ID,HTTEE, cancer in animals by having them inhale Several studies already made 1n this area New York, N.Y., May 31, 1962. tobacco smoke during their entire lifetimes? strong1y suggest that important personality Hon. WATKINS M. ABBiTT, Experimental animals can develop lung. can­ and constitutional traits are distributed dif­ Congreu of the Unitett States, H01LSe of cer under certain experimental challenges. ferently in smoking populations than in non­ Representatives, Washi-ngton, · D.C. · This has been done with certain viruses and smoking groups. Is lt not worth further DEA.a CONGJtESSKAN ABBITT: This ts in re­ with viruses in combination with such - Investigation to determine whether the sponse to your Inquiry whether the scientific aerosols as synthetic smog. sm.oking pattern ls a reflection of these dif­ situation regarding questions of tobacco use What, if any, is the role of viruses in lung ferences? Might it be that the genetic, . and health is changed as the result of the cancer? An increasing amount of scientific hormona1, emotional and other internal influ­ report by the Royal College of Physicians and research suggests the possibllity that viruses ences are the clues t,o differences in health of the subsequent publicity given the report may be involved in the causation of some risks? in E~gland and in this country. · tY})es of cancer. They are known to be so in­ These are just some of the important ques­ Also, you ask whether the report contains volved in some cancer in animals. Many tions to which the research scientist does any new facts that should bring about a studies -have shown that lung damage result­ . not know the answers. There are many reexamination o! the research on this prob­ ing from virus infections may possibly pre­ others. That some may be difficult ques­ lem being supported by the tobacco industry dispose to lung cancer. Experimental work tions t,o deal with is recogn!Y.ed, but it :is research committee as well as other organiza­ In this field is now rapidly opening up new nonetheless important that research atten­ tions. leads and methods of investigation. The briefest answer to your ·questions is How much lung cancer artseg as a result, tion be directed to them. "no." or in areas. ot previous lung damage from In developing -the research program for the The British Medical Journal, ·1.mpressed by such bact.ertal diseases as tuberculosis and tobacco industry research committee during the report, nonetheless says. "The. report does pneumonia? Within a generation we have the past 8 _ye~. !PY colleagues on the scien­ not present any new unpublished facts." seen the death rates from such infectious tific advisory board have always been guided The report does not include any original lung diseases decrease sharply. Thia means by a major policy point: We do not take any findings of investigations caTried out by the the survivors of such mnesses are now Uving . position that we are attempting to prove or Royal College or under· its auspices. It rep- inoo the older age brackets when they are disprove; rather we seek ·to flnd the answers CVIII-606 9626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 to the health problems that are being stud­ are maintained and implemented at this woman, and child in this country in every ied. The research grants made by the board school. walk of life. now total over $5 million and have been The members of the graduating class have The nuclear facts of life demand a defense made to independent scientists in the search devoted 4 years of hard effort to the develop­ posture which requires more appropriations for facts. We have not been restricted in ment of mental, spiritual, and physical ex­ and takes a bigger bite out of the tax dollar any way, either by industry request or lack excellence as prescribed in John Brown's than all the other functions of government of funds, in being able to support research famous axiom-Head-Heart-Hand. Never in combined. Defense t ·uches every pocket­ work that we believe necessary to help ac­ his history has man been so urgently pressed book and every bank account. Defense con­ quire the knowledge needed, to bring every faculty into play and to de­ sumes a lion's share of our industrial output. In 1960, the entire scientific advisory board velop every human resource. The philos­ Defense, in theory at least, is the moving agreed in a statement that the "most signif­ ophy of your school is designed to prepare force behind Russia's absolute regimentation icant development has been the general rec­ its graduates to enter a world filled with of all her resources. ognition that we do not yet have the answers, challenges-many of them unknown and The picture I have painted, if gloomy, is that an association between the extent of undefined. nonetheless realistic. The world has never tobacco use and the incidence of lung can­ A few days ago in the Speaker's office in known such broad potentialities for evil as cer does not prove a causal relationship, that the Capitol in Washington, D.C., I had the exist today. Nor has it ever had within arm's experimental verification is essential, and privilege of having a brief conversation with reach such tools for good. that there are a number of other factors Titov and John Glenn, both of whom within Potentially a killer, the atom can also be which need to be considered." This position the year had the experience of circumnavi­ humanitarian. Potentially devastating, it is has not been changed. gating the globe at a speed many times as equally capable of constructive effort. New significant research findings are ea­ fast as the sun and at altitudes never reached The atomic age has given mankind his gerly examined to see how they add to our by man before. Reduced to human terms, greatest weapons for his war against disease knowledge or may open up new avenues of these flights symbolize the contest for mili­ and hunger. Atomic energy offers us a investigations. Reviews such as that issued tary and scientific superiority between two chance to win the fight against poverty. by the Royal College of Physicians may help great powers. These two young men repre­ Over one-half the people of the world go to bolster opinion, but they do not add scien­ sent a struggle between conflicting ways of to bed hungry every night. tific facts. life: the one was reported to have said he Atomic radiation and radioisotopes offer Much research reported in the past few trusted God in his flight; the other that he new opportunities in the field of food pro­ years has tended to weaken, rather than to never did think about God. The outcome duction. The free world envisions as a fea­ support, the hypothesis that cigarette smok­ of this struggle will influence the ultimate ture of the new force an applied knowledge ing ls a causative factor in lung cancer. destiny of mankind more than any event of photosynthesis which will permit the Further research may bring about other since the Resurrection. production of enough food to feed the starv­ changes in knowledge about lung cancer and The school years of this graduating class ing masses of Asia and Africa. The promise in the approaches to research on this and span an era of spectacular scientific achieve­ of universal abundance automatically re­ other forms of cancer. For cancer ls not ment which has brought new dimensions to moves one of the major causes of war. More just a single disease, but one of many shapes power and space. In 1942 when the mem­ important, it holds out the hope that every and faces, of delicate complexity, and in­ bers of this class were scarcely more than man born of woman may live a happy, useful volves many mechanisms that are a part of infants, Enrico Fermi, an Italian immigrant, life, walking erect among his fellow men as our body and our growth processes. working in a squash court at the University befits the dignity of the image of God. If science is to have the opportunity to of Chicago, produced the first nuclear chain One of the main obstacles to the develop­ solve the problem of cancer, or similar dis­ reaction. In a coded message sent to Dr. ment of many of the backward countries of eases, we must be skeptical of claims for James B. Conant in Washington, D.C., Dr. the world has been the lack of local sources simple solutions. Continued research is the Arthur Compton heralded the atomic age by of power. At present the average man in only route to scientific truth. saying, "The Italian navigator has arrived North America has about 20 times a-s much Sincerely yours, at the shore of the New World." him in CLARENCE C. Lrrn.E, Sc.D., energy to work for as a. man Asia. Scientific Director. And so he had. Now, in one pound of uranium containing Fifteen years later on October 4, 1957, when energy of 3 million pounds of coal, the under­ most of this graduating class was in its third privileged peoples of the world have within year of high school Russian scientists. per­ reach the key to unlock the door to a new formed the felil,t of hurling the first earth age of abundance. Hon. Carl Albert satellite around the world at 20 times the Thus while atomic bombs make the head­ speed of the f!Un. lines, atomic energy furnishes us with an­ Not since the industrial revolution have other tool in the battle against disease. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the circumstances of life been so changed in While atomic war threatens the desolation OF such a short period of time. Hiroshima and of every countryside, atomic peace satisfies Nagasaki revolutionized the very concept of man's need for food, water, and power. HON. JAMES W. TRIMBLE war; and ever since, the memory of the While hydrogen bombs throw out radioactive OF ARKANSAS mushroom shadow has been a silent arbiter dust, radioisotopes are at work in our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at every conference of major powers and in laboratories rolling back the frontiers of every international negotiatiqn. science. Monday,June4,1962 When the first atomic explosion was set The problems of the atomic age are two­ Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ off at Alamogordo, N. Mex., in the summer fold. First, there is the problem of gearing urday, May 26, it was my good fortune of 1945, two eminent scientists who witnessed our technical capabilities to its potentialities. its mighty blast are reported to have caught Second, there is the problem of trying to and great honor to be present at the from the fury of its flames what might have avoid all-out atomic war. Both problems graduating exercises of the John Brown been prophetic glimpses. One of them said are related and both are complicated by the University of Siloam Springs, Ark., in he thought he saw what the last man on growing milltary might of the Soviet Union. the district which I am honored to rep­ earth would see at the end of time. The Russia's scientific gains have forced us to resent. This is a great institution, and other said he thought he caught a trace of an auditing of our past and to a redesign of its imprint will last through the ages. the great light that heralded the creation. our plans for the future. This job must be One of the highlights of the graduat­ Doomsday or creation, twilight or dawn, carried on by your generation and its difficul­ ing exercise was the commencement atomic war or atomic peace-what does the ties cannot be minimized. But the difficulty atomic future hold for mankind? Will it of the task is the measure of your opportu­ address delivered by our colleague and mean a tower of strength, prosperity, and nity. friend, the majority leader, the Honor­ happiness or an abyss of submission, de­ Theodore Roosevelt once said: "The right able CARL ALBERT, of Oklahoma. He was struction, and defeat? to live softly is in the end a right not worth given an honorary degree of doctor of No realistic sketch of the potentialities nf having. • * • I have never in my life laws at the graduation ceremonies. His the atomic age can be drawn without pic­ envied a human being who led an easy life; inspiring address to the· graduates is in­ turing on one side the possibility of all-out I have envied a great many people who led cluded as a part-of my remarks: atomic war. This threat figures in the mlll­ difficult lives and led them well." tary policy of every nation of the world. The potentialities of the atomic age call for POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE NEW AGE IN SCIENCE Every country having the capability to com­ an enormous expansion of our scientific, in­ (By Hon. CARL ALBERT, of Oklahoma) pete has a crash program aimed at develop­ dustrial, business, and professional skills. Dr. Brown, faculty members, graduates, ment of a system of long-range ballistic All the great occupations and professions are ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor to missiles carrying thermonuclear warheads. begging for men and women of training and be the speaker chosen to make your first When this ultimate weapon has been de­ ability. Tliis gives your generation opportu­ commencement address since the accredita­ veloped, every city in the world will have nities to use its talents never before offered tion of John Brown University by the North become a potential target subject to total to the young people of any era. Central Association. I congratulate you destruction. Russia is a · formidable contestant for upon having won this important recognition. Directly or indirectly, missiles and nuclear leadership in the field of scientific educa­ I know that the high standards it required weapons touch the daily lives of every man, tion. By dictatorial allocation of priorities 1962 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- SENATE 9627 and benefits, she is graduating enormous in technological fields we may uncover the They have not ·changed his relationship with numbers of physicists and chemists. This -secret to survival ln the atomic age. his Creator. With all the astounding poses a real challenge for business, for Gov­ Our competition from Russia in this dan­ achievements made or foreseen or foresee­ ernment and for our educational system. In gerous age calls for high skills. It calls also able in the age of nuclear power and outer speaking of Fermi's feat, the great nuclear for courage. It calls especially for moral space, man's spirtual ideals remain tran­ scientist, Dr. Willard F. Libby, said: "We courage. This Nation. was born under a scendent. The teachings of Christianity still could afford to double our present educa­ resolution that demanded liberty or death. reach infinitely beyond the realms of outer tional expenditures if it would give us just Survival is not the end of existence. space. one more Fermi per generation." Not only To be worthy to survive as a Nation we We have come a long way since the days the colleges and universities, but the Amer­ must be willing to risk our survival if need of Moses. We have replaced slingshots with ican people are challenged to renew and to be for the freedom and independence of rockets, pushcarts with jetplanes, row­ redouble their dedication to higher educa­ our people. boats with atomic ships, but in all this we tion. Such education, to equip us for life in We cannot win the cold war by retreat­ have found no substitute for the Ten Com­ the atomic age, must not be limited to the ing. We cannot win it by appeasement. mandments. development of scientific talents necessary to When principles are at stake we must be We have changed the foundations of phys­ keep us in the forefront of world wide tech­ willing to stand our ground at whatever ical theory; we have challenged the axioms nological developments. Of equal, if not of cost. There is no future in submission. If of geometry and disproved them, but the greater, importance is the necessity of learn­ we cannot survive with honor, we cannot Sermon on the Mount remains as immuta­ ing to live in the world which our technicians survive at all. ble as the "Rock of Ages." The changes in are creating. This calls for the development The true spirit of man, without reference to his ideologies, is committed to building science have served to emphasize, not to un­ of our talents on all fronts, the arts and the the tower. It is man's wandering from his dermine it. The Golden Rule was important humanities as well as the sciences. The one higher purpose which leads him to the abyss. to the individual in the bow and arrow age; sided, if not warped, trend in Russian educa­ The hydrogen bomb and tlie intercon­ in the age of atomic weapons it is indis­ tion may be the beginning of an over special­ tinental ballistic missile have posed tremen­ pensable to the survival of man. ization which may eventually lead to her dous problems in the realms of science, state­ As graduates of a great Christian universi­ breakdown. If we can sustain and broaden craft, and war. They have not, however, ty you have a rendezvous with destiny. With the base of our culture and still set the pace altered the basic duties or destiny of man. God's help, you wm not fail that rendezvous.

transmitted to the Senate the Interna­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE SENATE tional Wheat Agreement, 1962, Execu­ tive D, 87th Congress, 2d session. As in A message from the House of Repre­ TUESDAY, J UNE 5, 1962 sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its executive session, I move that the in­ reading clerks, announced that the The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, junction of secrecy be removed from the House had passed, without amendment, and was called to order by the Vice Presi­ agreement, that the agreement, to­ the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 88) au­ dent. gether with the President's message, be thorizing the issuance of a gold medal to The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown referred to the Committee on Foreign Bob Hope. Harris, D.D., offered the following Relations, and that the President's mes­ prayer: sage be printed in the RECORD. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT Eternal God, out of our partial and jection, it is so ordered. RESOLUTION SIGNED fragmentary conceptions, knowing that The message from the President is as The message also announced that the we see as through a glass darkly, we turn follows: to Thee, sure of no light but Thine, no Speaker had affixed his signature to the refuge but in Thee. To the Senate of the United States: following enrolled bills and joint resolu­ We acknowledge our share in the With a view to receiving the advice tion, and they were signed by the Vice world's sin, our love of ease, our pride and consent of the Senate to ratification, President: of race and place and possession, our I transmit herewith a certified copy of H.R. 1347. An act for the relief of Adolf M. ruthless competition, our failure to take the International Wheat Agreement, Bailer; H.R. 5652. An act for the relief of Kevork account of the needs of others, at home 1962, in the English, French, Spanish, Toroian; and and half a world away, and to realize and Russian languages, formulated at H.J. Res. 638. Joint resolution for the relief that in very truth humanity is one. the United Nations Wheat Conference of certain aliens who are serving in the This white altar reared at the gates of which concluded at Geneva on March U.S. Armed Forces. the morning speaks to us ever of our 10, 1962. The agreement was open for final reliance on the supreme spiritual signature in Washington from April 19 LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING forces--! aith, hope, and love-which through May 15, 1962. It was signed alone abide, and on which our salvation in behalf of the Government of the MORNING HOUR in the end depends. United States of America and the gov­ On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and Harken to the prayers of our hearts ernments of 34 other countries. by unanimous consent, statements dur­ when, in our highest moments, we forget I transmit also, for the information of ing the morning hour were ordered lim­ ourselves and think of Thee. the Senate, the report of the Secretary ited to 3 minutes. In the spirit of Christ we Jift our of State regarding the Agreement. At­ prayer. Amen. tention is invited particularly to the last paragraph of that report. It is my hope COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION THE JOURNAL that the Senate will find it possible to give early consideration to the Agree­ On request of Mr. SPARKMAN, and On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by ment so that, if the Agreement be ap­ by unanimous consent, the Finance unanimous consent, the reading of the proved, ratification by the United States Committee was authorized to meet dur­ Journal of the proceedings of Friday, can be effected and an instrument of ac­ ing the session of the Senate today. June 1, 1962, was dispensed with. ceptance deposited by July 16. JOHN F. KENNEDY. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT THE WHITE HOUSE, June 5, 1962. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, Messages in writing from the Presi­ ETC. dent of the United States were com­ EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED The VICE PRESIDENT laid before municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, the Senate the following letters, which one of his secretaries. As in executive session, were referred as indicated: The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the REPORT ON CONTRACTS FOR EXPERIMENTAL OR Senate messages from the President of RESEARCH WORK INTERNATIONAL WHEAT AGREE­ the United States submitting sundry MENT, 1962-REMOVAL OF IN­ A letter from the Administrator, National nominations, which were referred to the Aeronautics and Space Administration, JUNCTION OF SECRECY Committee on Armed Services. Washington, D.c~, transmitting. pursuant to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the (For nominations this day received, law, a report on contracts negotiated by that President of the United States today see the end of Senate proceedings.) Administration for experimental or research