Temperature-Dependent Development Rates of Bracon Vulgaris, a Parasitoid of Boll Weevil
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Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies
INSECTICIDES - DEVELOPMENT OF SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Edited by Stanislav Trdan Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3356 Edited by Stanislav Trdan Contributors Mahdi Banaee, Philip Koehler, Alexa Alexander, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Juliana Cristina Dos Santos, Ronald Zanetti Bonetti Filho, Denilson Ferrreira De Oliveira, Giovanna Gajo, Dejane Santos Alves, Stuart Reitz, Yulin Gao, Zhongren Lei, Christopher Fettig, Donald Grosman, A. Steven Munson, Nabil El-Wakeil, Nawal Gaafar, Ahmed Ahmed Sallam, Christa Volkmar, Elias Papadopoulos, Mauro Prato, Giuliana Giribaldi, Manuela Polimeni, Žiga Laznik, Stanislav Trdan, Shehata E. M. Shalaby, Gehan Abdou, Andreia Almeida, Francisco Amaral Villela, João Carlos Nunes, Geri Eduardo Meneghello, Adilson Jauer, Moacir Rossi Forim, Bruno Perlatti, Patrícia Luísa Bergo, Maria Fátima Da Silva, João Fernandes, Christian Nansen, Solange Maria De França, Mariana Breda, César Badji, José Vargas Oliveira, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin, Alan Augusto Donel, Alessandro Braccini, Gabriel Loli Bazo, Keila Regina Hossa Regina Hossa, Fernanda Brunetta Godinho Brunetta Godinho, Lilian Gomes De Moraes Dan, Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid, Maria Isabel Silveira, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano, Guillermo Rodríguez-Olibarría, Patrick Kareru, Zachaeus Kipkorir Rotich, Esther Wamaitha Maina, Taema Imo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. -
Anthonomus Eugenii Pepper Weevil
Pest specific plant health response plan: Outbreaks of Anthonomus eugenii Figure 1. Adult Anthonomus eugenii. © Fera Science Ltd 1 © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document is also available on our website at: https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/pests-and-diseases/contingency-planning/ Any enquiries regarding this document should be sent to us at: The UK Chief Plant Health Officer Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Room 11G32 National Agri-Food Innovation Campus Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ Email: [email protected] 2 Contents 1. Introduction and scope ......................................................................................................... 4 2. Summary of threat................................................................................................................. 4 3. Risk assessments ................................................................................................................. 5 4. Actions to prevent outbreaks ............................................................................................... 5 5. Response .............................................................................................................................. -
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of the Cotton Boll Weevil
“main” — 2011/7/12 — 19:25 — page 1021 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(3): 1021-1029 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Effect of temperature on the reproduction of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil FRANCISCO S. RAMALHO1, PAULO A. WANDERLEY2, JOSÉ B. MALAQUIAS1, FRANCISCO S. FERNANDES1, ANTÔNIO R.B. NASCIMENTO1 and JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO3 1Embrapa Algodão, Unidade de Controle Biológico, Av. Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, 58107-720 Campina Grande, PB, Brasil 2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia – IFPB, Rua Presidente Tancredo Neves, s/n, 58800-970 Sousa, PB, Brasil 3Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil Manuscript received on March 30, 2010; accepted for publication on December 21, 2010 ABSTRACT This research studied the effect of temperature on the reproduction of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead, an ectoparasitoid of cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30◦C, 70 ± 10% RH and a photophase of 14 h. Females of the parasitoid produced a greater number of eggs when exposed to 25◦C (124.65 eggs) in relation to those exposed to 20 (43.40 eggs) and 30◦C (49.60 eggs). The number of parasitized larvae per female of B. vulgaris at 25◦C (71.75) was greater than at 20◦C (31.40) and 30◦C (25.15). The daily intrinsic rates of increase (rm) were –0.007 at 20◦C, 0.07 at 25◦C and 0.03 at 30◦C, revealing that the temperature of 25◦C produced increases of 1,100 and 133% in the value rm in relation to temperatures of 20 and 30◦C, respectively. -
The Biology of Bracon Celer As a Parasitoid of the Olive Fruit fly
BioControl (2006) 51:553–567 Ó IOBC 2006 DOI 10.1007/s10526-005-6079-8 The biology of Bracon celer as a parasitoid of the olive fruit fly Karen R. SIME1,*, Kent M. DAANE1, John W. ANDREWS Jr.1, Kim HOELMER2,6, Charles H. PICKETT3, Hannah NADEL4, Marshall W. JOHNSON4 and Russell H. MESSING5 1Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA; 2USDA—Agriculture Research Service, European Biological Control Laboratory, Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Ge´ly Cedex, France; 3Biological Control Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832, USA; 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; 5Kauai Agricultural Research Center, University of Hawaii, 7370-A Kuamoo Road, Kapaa, Kauai, HI, 96746, USA; 6USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduction Research, 501 S. Chapel St., Newark, DE, 19711, USA *Author for correspondence; (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 31 May 2005; accepted in revised form 21 December 2005 Abstract. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted on a colony of Bracon celer Sze´pligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared on the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Female B. celer preferentially probe and oviposit into olives containing late third-instar fly larvae. The parasitoid develops as a solitary, ectoparasitic idiobiont. Mean development time (oviposition to adult eclosion) at 22 °C was, for females, 36±1 (SE) days, and for males, 34±1 days. The mean longevity of adult female wasps when provided honey and water was significantly greater than when they were provided water alone, or nothing. The females produced an average of 9.7±7.2 progeny during their lifetimes, but production levels in the insectary colony suggested that this level of fecundity was artificially low and could be improved. -
Braconinae D.L.J
Braconinae D.L.J. QUICKE1, M.J. SHARKEY2 and C. VAN ACHTERBERG3 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Donald Quicke <[email protected]>. 2. Hymenoptera Institute, 116 Franklin Ave., Redlands, California, 92373, USA, [email protected]. 3. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION. The Braconinae is a large subfamily of moderately small to large wasps with more than 2000 described species and almost 200 genera worldwide (Shaw and Huddleston, 1991). They are most diverse in the Old World tropics but are also well represented in the New World. Comparatively few studies have been made on the New World fauna. Many New World species are included under the generic names Iphiaulax Förster (a genus that in reality has an entirely Old World distribution), Ipobracon Thomson (a junior synonym of Cyanopterus Haliday), or Bracon Fabricius, with Iphiaulax and Bracon (=Microbracon Ashmead) used in a far wider sense than they are today. Many of these species have subsequently been reclassified by Quicke (1988a, 1989a, 1991) and Quicke and Genise (1994) mostly into Digonogastra Ashmead. The aberrant Neotropical genus Gnathobracon Costa was redescribed and transferred formally from the Rogadinae to the Braconinae (Quicke and Huddleston, 1991). Several new genera have been described recently by Shenefelt (in Mason, 1978), Quicke (1988b, 1989b, 1994, 1995), van Achterberg (1989), Quicke and Sharkey (1989), and Quicke and Delobel (1995). PHYLOGENY. Belshaw et al. (2001) conducted a phylogenetic analysis on a limited number of genera using morphological characters. The subfamily needs a comprehensive analysis based on sequence data. -
Pest Risk Assessment of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda
Innovation Lab for Integrated Pest Management Pest Risk Assessment of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in Egypt AID-OAA-L-15-00001 Contributors E.A. Heinrichs, IPM IL Asia Program Manager and Entomologist Jaspreet Sidhu, IPM IL Entomologist R. Muniappan, IPM IL Director and Entomologist Amer Fayad, IPM IL Assoc. Director and Plant Pathologist Abhijin Adiga, Research Assistant Professor and Modeler, Biocomplexity Institute Achla Marathe, Professor, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech and the Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech Joseph Mcnitt, Graduate Research Assistant, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech Srinivasan Venkatramanan, Postdoctoral Associate, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech Acknowledgements John Bowman, AOR, IPM IL, USAID BFS, Washington Annie Steed, USAID Mission Egypt Walid Sallam, ACDI VOCA representative, Chief of Party, AMAL Project, Egypt Ahmed Heneidy, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Asraf Arnaouty, Head of the Department of Economic Entomology, Cairo University, Egypt 2 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5 II. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................... 6 III. HOST PLANTS ....................................................................................................................... 8 IV. TAXONOMY ......................................................................................................................... -
Competition Between Catolaccus Grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Bracon Vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Parasitoids of the Boll Weevil
371 Vol.50, n. 3 : pp.371-378 May 2007 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Competition Between Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Bracon vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Parasitoids of the Boll Weevil Francisco de Sousa Ramalho 1*, Ana Maria Camêlo da Silva 2, José Cola Zanuncio 3 and José Eduardo Serrão 3 Embrapa Algodão; Unidade de Controle Biológico; C. P. 174; 58107-720; Campina Grande - PB - Brasil. 2Universidade Estadual da Paraíba; Departamento de Biologia; Campina Grande - PB - Brasil. 3 Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Campus Universitário; Viçosa - MG - Brasil ABSTRACT The competition between populations of the parasitoids C. grandis and B. vulgaris was studied using larvae of Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) as an alternative host. A series of biological parameters was observed and related to the competitive abilities of both parasitoid species. They were capable of colonizing and maintaining their populations regardless of host location. The population growth of C. grandis and B. vulgaris , based on fecundity was not affected by the competition. The parasitism and survivorship to the adult stage were affected by competition, except when the host was located at the bottom of the rearing cage. C. grandis performed better than B. vulgaris independently of the competition and host location, but it did not exclude the other species. Key words: Biological control, Anthonomus grandis , competition between parasitoids INTRODUCTION (Ramalho et al., 1993; Ramalho et al., 1996; Ramalho et al., 2000). The family Braconidae presents many parasitoid Although both parasitoids exploit the same host, species of key-pests of agriculture and stored they are somewhat isolated because they prefer to grains (Wanderley, 1998). -
Biological Control
CHAPTER 15 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Edgar G. King, Randy J. Coleman, Juan A. Morales-Ramos, and K. R. Summy USDA, ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory Weslaco, Texas and Marion R. Bell and Gordon L. Snodgrass USDA,ARS Southern Insect Management Laboratory Stoneville, Mississippi INTRODUCTION Over 100 species of insects and mites are pests of cotton in the United States (see Chapter 2, this book). From 1980 to 1987, the aggregate damage attributed to these cotton insect and mite pests was about 7 to 14 percent despite the best control efforts (see Chapter 24, this book). In 1993, arthropod pests reduced cotton yields in the United States by about 6.9 percent resulting in a loss of 890 thousand bales from potential yield and $331 million in revenue (Hardee and Herzog, 1994). Moreover, $586 million were spent for pesticides to control these pests. So, the total direct cost of arthropod pests to United States cotton production was $917 million in 1993. Indirect costs not included are the value of the lost lint as it would have moved through the market place and the cost of environmental degradation caused by the application of about 1.6 pounds (active ingredient) of synthetic chemical insecticides and miticides applied per acre over 10 to 14 million acres of cotton in the United States each year (Chapter 24, this book). Obviously, the cost to United States cotton growers, consumers, and the environ- ment for arthropod pest control in cotton is unacceptably high, and there is an urgent need to develop less expensive pest management techniques. Perhaps even more importantly, United States cotton producers will be forced to consider non-chemical control measures more strongly because of public concern about synthetic chemical pesticides (see Chapter 28, this book; King et al., 1988a). -
Field Guide to Predators, Parasies and Pathogens Attacking Insect And
B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 1 E-357 7-05 Field Guide to Predators, Parasites and Pathogens Attacking Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton RecognizingRecognizing thethe GoodGood BugsBugs inin CottonCotton by Allen Knutson and John Ruberson B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 2 Field Guide to Predators, Parasites and Pathogens Attacking Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton by Allen Knutson and John Ruberson This publication was made possible in part through financial support provided by Cotton Incorporated. Cover photograph by W. Sterling of an immature (nymph) spined soldier bug, a predator of bollworms and other caterpillars in cotton. Authors: Allen Knutson, Professor and Extension Entomologist, Texas Cooperative Extension, Texas A&M Research and Extension Center-Dallas, 17360 Coit Road, Dallas, TX 75252 John Ruberson, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31794. Editor: Edna M. Smith, Communications Specialist, Texas Cooperative Extension. Designer: David N. Lipe, Assistant Graphic Designer and Communications Specialist, Texas Cooperative Extension. Texas Cooperative Extension Edward G. Smith, Director The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas B--60476 7/8/05 1:17 PM Page 3 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 4 How to Use This Book 6 Biology of Natural Enemies 7 Use of Natural Enemies 11 Sampling for Natural Enemies 12 Further Reading 15 Table of cotton pests and their natural enemies 16 Pesticides and Natural Enemies 20 Table of chemical classes and cotton insecticides 23 Predators -
A Review of the Hawaiian Braconidae (Hymenoptera)
Vol. XVII, No. 3# August, 1961 333 A Review of the Hawaiian Braconidae (Hymenoptera) John W. Beardsley EXPERIMENT STATION HSPA HONOLULU, HAWAII {Submitted for publication December, I960) Introduction The Braconidae comprise a large and economically important family of hymenopterous parasites. The Hawaiian braconid fauna is composed almost entirely of exotic elements either accidentally or purposely imported into the islands. Compared with complex continental faunae the Hawaiian braconids are relatively easy to treat as, with the exception of a few genera (e.g. Optus, Apanteles, Bracon), our fauna consists of a scattering of relatively unrelated forms. Some of the species which have been imported as biological control agents have been of considerable benefit in combating economic pests such as fruit flies (Tephritidae), various lepidopterous larvae (armyworms, cutworms, etc.), and certain beetle larvae. At least two of our species must be classed as harmful. One, Blacus cremastobombycia Fullaway, is a parasite of a leaf-mining caterpillar imported to combat lantana; and the other, Perilitus coccinellae (Schrank), attacks certain coccinellid beetles which prey upon aphids. Others of our species may be beneficial in some circumstances and harmful in others, as are certain species of Optus which parasitize the larvae of harmful fruit-infesting species of tephritid flies as well as beneficial gall-forming species imported to combat weed pests such as Lantana and Eupatorium. The primary purposes of this paper are to provide a workable key to the known Hawaiian Braconidae, and to present current information on the accepted names for our species. Additional information has been included on the origin, island distribution, and known hosts of the species treated. -
(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Manica Province, Mozambique
Population dynamics and integrated management of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Manica Province, Mozambique BL Muatinte 23749474 Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Environmental Sciences at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Promoter: Prof J van den Berg Co-promoter: Dr L Santos May 2017 ii DEDICATION To To my beloved daughters, Yarissa Bernardo Muatinte and Fatima Milagrosa Bernardo Muatinte and my son, Isac Bernardo Muatinte and my niece Ivone de Fatima Jaime Matiquina for this dissertation to be their inspiration! iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my gratitude to the World Bank that through the ―Ministerio da Ciência, Tecnologia, Ensino Superior e Técnico Profissional‖ of Mozambique had partially funded this study. I really and particularly appreciate for hard but funding for payment of annual registration and tuition fees, field work allowance, DNA analysis expenses, travel fees to and from the North-West University, South Africa and of thesis binding. I sincerely thank Prof. Johnnie Van Den Berg for accepting to be my Supervisor at North- West University. I greatly appreciate his invaluable contribution and guidance during the execution of this research project. His scientific criticism, remarks and kind advice have strongly guided me to become rigorous, particularly in scientific methodology and report writing details. I sincerely appreciate the way we interacted and his high patience in correcting first English language errors and then scientific mistakes. His guidance has given me confidence and strength for the accomplishment of this thesis. I am very confident for my future career and I am very proud to be able to work with him. -
Efficacy of Bracon Hebetor Say on Spodoptera Frugiperda
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(3): 1309-1313 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Efficacy of Bracon hebetor Say on Spodoptera JEZS 2019; 7(3): 1309-1313 © 2019 JEZS frugiperda (J.E. Smith) evaluated with Received: 21-03-2019 Accepted: 25-04-2019 Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.), Spodoptera litura Sree Latha E Assistant Director, National Institute Fabricius and Corcyra cephalonica Stainton as of Plant Health Management, (An Organization of Department of alternate hosts Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Sree Latha E, Sneha Madhuri K, Jesu Rajan S, Lavanya N and Ravi G Sneha Madhuri K Senior Research Fellow, National Abstract Institute of Plant Health Bracon hebetor is a common parasitic wasp of Lepidopteran larvae and can attack coleopteran larvae. It Management, (An Organization of is an ecto larval parasitoid belongs to the family Braconidae of order Hymenoptera. The wasp has wide Department of Agriculture, host range and successful biocontrol agent recommended for the control of lepidopteran larvae in many Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, crops and stored grains. Occurrence of fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda was reported recently in Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, June 2018 in India. A study on Bracon hebetor parasitization effects on Spodoptera frugiperda in Telangana, India comparison with Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Corcyra cephalonica was conducted by providing them as alternate hosts under laboratory conditions at National Institute of Plant Health Jesu Rajan S Management, Rajendranagar, India. The study revealed that when all the hosts were offered to Bracon Assistant Scientific Officer, National Institute of Plant Health hebetor it is parasitizing in the order of C.