DOCSLIB.ORG

AXIONS and OTHER VERY LIGHT BOSONS Written October 1997 by H. Murayama

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AXIONS and OTHER VERY LIGHT BOSONS Written October 1997 by H. Murayama 24 24 AXIONS AND OTHER VERY LIGHT BOSONS minimum is at φA = θeff fA cancelling θeff and solving the strong Written October 1997 by H. Murayama (University of Califor- CP problem. The mass of the axion is inversely proportional nia, Berkeley) Part I; April 1998 by G. Raffelt (Max-Planck to fA as Institute, M¨unchen) Part II; and April 1998 by C. Hagmann, K. −3 10 van Bibber (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), and L.J. mA =0.62 × 10 eV × (10 GeV/fA) . (3) Rosenberg (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Part III. ∼ The√ original axion model [1,5] assumes fA v,where This review is divided into three parts: −1/2 v=( 2GF) = 247 GeV is the scale of the electroweak Part I (Theory) symmetry breaking, and has two Higgs doublets as minimal Part II (Astrophysical Constraints) ingredients. By requiring tree-level flavor conservation, the ax- Part III (Experimental Limits) ion mass and its couplings are completely fixed in terms of one parameter (tan β): the ratio of the vacuum expectation val- AXIONS AND OTHER VERY LIGHT BOSONS, ues of two Higgs fields. This model is excluded after extensive PART I (THEORY) experimental searches for such an axion [7]. Observation of a (by H. Murayama) narrow-peak structure in positron spectra from heavy ion colli- In this section we list limits for very light neutral (pseudo) sions [8] suggested a particle of mass 1.8 MeV that decays into + − scalar bosons that couple weakly to stable matter. They arise e e . Variants of the original axion model, which keep fA ∼ v, if there is a global continuous symmetry in the theory that but drop the constraints of tree-level flavor conservation, were is spontaneously broken in the vacuum. If the symmetry is proposed [9]. Extensive searches for this particle, A0(1.8 MeV), exact, it results in a massless Nambu–Goldstone (NG) boson. ended up with another negative result [10]. If there is a small explicit breaking of the symmetry, either The popular way to save the Peccei-Quinn idea is to 0 already in the Lagrangian or due to quantum mechanical effects introduce a new scale fA v. Then the A coupling becomes such as anomalies, the would-be NG boson acquires a finite weaker, thus one can easily avoid all the existing experimental mass; then it is called a pseudo-NG boson. Typical examples limits; such models are called invisible axion models [11,12]. are axions (A0) [1], familons [2], and Majorons [3,4], associated, Two classes of models are discussed commonly in the literature. respectively, with spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn [5], fam- One introduces new heavy quarks which carry Peccei–Quinn ily, and lepton-number symmetries. This Review provides brief charge while the usual quarks and leptons do not (KSVZ axion descriptions of each of them and their motivations. or “hadronic axion”) [11]. The other does not need additional One common characteristic for all these particles is that quarks but requires two Higgs doublets, and all quarks and their coupling to the Standard Model particles are suppressed by leptons carry Peccei–Quinn charges (DFSZ axion or “GUT- the energy scale of symmetry breaking, i.e. the decay constant axion”) [12]. All models contain at least one electroweak singlet f, where the interaction is described by the Lagrangian scalar boson which acquires an expectation value and breaks Peccei–Quinn symmetry. The invisible axion with a large decay L 1 µ = (∂µφ)J , (1) ∼ 12 f constant fA 10 GeV was found to be a good candidate of the cold dark matter component of the Universe [13](see where J µ is the Noether current of the spontaneously broken Dark Matter review). The energy density is stored in the low- global symmetry. momentum modes of the axion field which are highly occupied An axion gives a natural solution to the strong CP problem: and thus represent essentially classical field oscillations. why the effective θ-parameter in the QCD Lagrangian Lθ = αs µνa ea −9 The constraints on the invisible axion from astrophysics θ F F is so small (θ . 10 ) as required by the eff 8π µν eff are derived from interactions of the axion with either photons, current limits on the neutron electric dipole moment, even electrons or nucleons. The strengths of the interactions are though θ ∼ O(1) is perfectly allowed by the QCD gauge eff model dependent (i.e., not a function of f only), and hence invariance. Here, θ is the effective θ parameter after the A eff one needs to specify a model in order to place lower bounds diagonalization of the quark masses, and F µνa is the gluon ea 1 ρσa on fA. Such constraints will be discussed in Part II. Serious field strength and F = µνρσF . An axion is a pseudo- µν 2 experimental searches for an invisible axion are underway; NG boson of a spontaneously broken Peccei–Quinn symmetry, they typically rely on axion-photon coupling, and some of them which is an exact symmetry at the classical level, but is broken assume that the axion is the dominant component of our galactic quantum mechanically due to the triangle anomaly with the halo density. Part III will discuss experimental techniques and gluons. The definition of the Peccei–Quinn symmetry is model limits. dependent. As a result of the triangle anomaly, the axion Familons arise when there is a global family symmetry acquires an effective coupling to gluons broken spontaneously. A family symmetry interchanges gener- L − φA αs µνa ea ations or acts on different generations differently. Such a sym- = θeff F Fµν , (2) fA 8π metry may explain the structure of quark and lepton masses and their mixings. A familon could be either a scalar or a where φA is the axion field. It is often convenient to define pseudoscalar. For instance, an SU(3) family symmetry among the axion decay constant fA with this Lagrangian [6]. The three generations is non-anomalous and hence the familons QCD nonperturbative effect induces a potential for φA whose 25 25 are exactly massless. In this case, familons are scalars. If one 6. Our normalization here is the same as fa used in G.G. Raf- has larger family symmetries with separate groups of left- felt, Phys. Reports 198, 1 (1990). See this Review for the handed and right-handed fields, one also has pseudoscalar relation to other conventions in the literature. et al. D18 familons. Some of them have flavor-off-diagonal couplings such 7. T.W. Donnelly ,Phys.Rev. , 1607 (1978); S. Barshay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1361 (1981); ¯ µ µ as ∂µφF dγ s/Fds or ∂µφF eγ¯ µ/Fµe, and the decay constant A. Barroso and N.C. Mukhopadhyay, Phys. Lett. 106B, F can be different for individual operators. The decay con- 91 (1981); stants have lower bounds constrained by flavor-changing pro- R.D. Peccei, in Proceedings of Neutrino ’81, Honolulu, + + −10 Hawaii, Vol. 1, p. 149 (1981); cesses. For instance, B(K → π φF ) < 3 × 10 [14] gives L.M. Krauss and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B173, 189 F > 3.4 × 1011 GeV [15]. The constraints on familons primar- ds (1986). ily coupled to third generation are quite weak [15]. 8. J. Schweppe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 2261 (1983); If there is a global lepton-number symmetry and if it T. Cowan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1761 (1985). breaks spontaneously, there is a Majoron. The triplet Majoron 9. R.D. Peccei, T.T. Wu, and T. Yanagida, Phys. Lett. model [4] has a weak-triplet Higgs boson, and Majoron couples B172, 435 (1986). to Z. It is now excluded by the Z invisible-decay width. The 10. W.A. Bardeen, R.D. Peccei, and T. Yanagida, Nucl. Phys. model is viable if there is an additional singlet Higgs boson and B279, 401 (1987). if the Majoron is mainly a singlet [16]. In the singlet Majoron 11. J.E. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 103 (1979); model [3], lepton-number symmetry is broken by a weak- M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainstein, and V.I. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B166, 493 (1980). singlet scalar field, and there are right-handed neutrinos which 12. A.R. Zhitnitsky, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 31, 260 (1980); acquire Majorana masses. The left-handed neutrino masses are M. Dine and W. Fischler, Phys. Lett. 120B, 137 (1983). generated by a “seesaw” mechanism [17]. The scale of lepton 13. J. Preskill, M. Wise, F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. 120B, 127 number breaking can be much higher than the electroweak (1983); scale in this case. Astrophysical constraints require the decay L. Abbott and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. 120B, 133 (1983); 9 M. Dine and W. Fischler, Phys. Lett. 120B, 137 (1983); constant to be & 10 GeV [18]. M.S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D33, 889 (1986). There is revived interest in a long-lived neutrino, to improve 14. S. Adler et al., . Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis [19] or large scale structure formation hep-ex/9708031 15. J. Feng, T. Moroi, H. Murayama, and E. Schnapka, UCB- theories [20]. Since a decay of neutrinos into electrons or pho- PTH-97/47. tons is severely constrained, these scenarios require a familon 16. K. Choi and A. Santamaria, Phys. Lett. B267, 504 (1991). (Majoron) mode ν → ν φ (see, e.g., Ref. 15 and references 1 2 F 17. T. Yanagida, in Proceedings of Workshop on the Unified therein). Theory and the Baryon Number in the Universe, Tsukuba, Other light bosons (scalar, pseudoscalar, or vector) are Japan, 1979, edited by A. Sawada and A. Sugamoto (KEK, constrained by “fifth force” experiments.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CERN Courier–Digital Edition
    CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www.
    [Show full text]
  • Axions and Other Similar Particles
    1 91. Axions and Other Similar Particles 91. Axions and Other Similar Particles Revised October 2019 by A. Ringwald (DESY, Hamburg), L.J. Rosenberg (U. Washington) and G. Rybka (U. Washington). 91.1 Introduction In this section, we list coupling-strength and mass limits for light neutral scalar or pseudoscalar bosons that couple weakly to normal matter and radiation. Such bosons may arise from the spon- taneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry, resulting in a massless Nambu-Goldstone (NG) boson. If there is a small explicit symmetry breaking, either already in the Lagrangian or due to quantum effects such as anomalies, the boson acquires a mass and is called a pseudo-NG boson. Typical examples are axions (A0)[1–4] and majorons [5], associated, respectively, with a spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn and lepton-number symmetry. A common feature of these light bosons φ is that their coupling to Standard-Model particles is suppressed by the energy scale that characterizes the symmetry breaking, i.e., the decay constant f. The interaction Lagrangian is −1 µ L = f J ∂µ φ , (91.1) where J µ is the Noether current of the spontaneously broken global symmetry. If f is very large, these new particles interact very weakly. Detecting them would provide a window to physics far beyond what can be probed at accelerators. Axions are of particular interest because the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism remains perhaps the most credible scheme to preserve CP-symmetry in QCD. Moreover, the cold dark matter (CDM) of the universe may well consist of axions and they are searched for in dedicated experiments with a realistic chance of discovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Axions –Theory SLAC Summer Institute 2007
    Axions –Theory SLAC Summer Institute 2007 Helen Quinn Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Axions –Theory – p. 1/?? Lectures from an Axion Workshop Strong CP Problem and Axions Roberto Peccei hep-ph/0607268 Astrophysical Axion Bounds Georg Raffelt hep-ph/0611350 Axion Cosmology Pierre Sikivie astro-ph/0610440 Axions –Theory – p. 2/?? Symmetries Symmetry ⇔ Invariance of Lagrangian Familiar cases: Lorentz symmetries ⇔ Invariance under changes of coordinates Other symmetries: Invariances under field redefinitions e.g (local) gauge invariance in electromagnetism: Aµ(x) → Aµ(x)+ δµΩ(x) Fµν = δµAν − δνAµ → Fµν Axions –Theory – p. 3/?? How to build an (effective) Lagrangian Choose symmetries to impose on L: gauge, global and discrete. Choose representation content of matter fields Write down every (renormalizable) term allowed by the symmetries with arbitrary couplings (d ≤ 4) Add Hermitian conjugate (unitarity) - Fix renormalized coupling constants from match to data (subtractions, usually defined perturbatively) "Naturalness" - an artificial criterion to avoid arbitrarily "fine tuned" couplings Axions –Theory – p. 4/?? Symmetries of Standard Model Gauge Symmetries Strong interactions: SU(3)color unbroken but confined; quarks in triplets Electroweak SU(2)weak X U(1)Y more later:representations, "spontaneous breaking" Discrete Symmetries CPT –any field theory (local, Hermitian L); C and P but not CP broken by weak couplings CP (and thus T) breaking - to be explored below - arises from quark-Higgs couplings Global symmetries U(1)B−L accidental; more? Axions –Theory – p. 5/?? Chiral symmetry Massless four component Dirac fermion is two independent chiral fermions (1+γ5) (1−γ5) ψ = 2 ψ + 2 ψ = ψR + ψL γ5 ≡ γ0γ1γ2γ3 γ5γµ = −γµγ5 Chiral Rotations: rotate L and R independently ψ → ei(α+βγ5)ψ i(α+β) i(α−β) ψR → e ψR; ψL → e ψL Kinetic and gauge coupling terms in L are chirally invariant † ψγ¯ µψ = ψ¯RγµψR + ψ¯LγµψL since ψ¯ = ψ γ0 Axions –Theory – p.
    [Show full text]
  • Axions & Wisps
    FACULTY OF SCIENCE AXIONS & WISPS STEPHEN PARKER 2nd Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop September 28 – 30, 2014 Great Western, Victoria 2 Talk Outline • Frequency & Quantum Metrology Group at UWA • Basic background / theory for axions and hidden sector photons • Photon-based experimental searches + bounds • Focus on resonant cavity “Haloscope” experiments for CDM axions • Work at UWA: Past, Present, Future A Few Useful Review Articles: J.E. Kim & G. Carosi, Axions and the strong CP problem, Rev. Mod. Phys., 82(1), 557 – 601, 2010. M. Kuster et al. (Eds.), Axions: Theory, Cosmology, and Experimental Searches, Lect. Notes Phys. 741 (Springer), 2008. P. Arias et al., WISPy Cold Dark Matter, arXiv:1201.5902, 2012. [email protected] The University of Western Australia 3 Frequency & Quantum Metrology Research Group ~ 3 staff, 6 postdocs, 8 students Hosts node of ARC CoE EQuS Many areas of research from fundamental to applied: Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator Tests of Lorentz Symmetry & fundamental constants Ytterbium Lattice Clock for ACES mission Material characterization Frequency sources, synthesis, measurement Low noise microwaves + millimetrewaves …and lab based searches for WISPs! Core WISP team: Stephen Parker, Ben McAllister, Eugene Ivanov, Mike Tobar [email protected] The University of Western Australia 4 Axions, ALPs and WISPs Weakly Interacting Slim Particles Axion Like Particles Slim = sub-eV Origins in particle physics (see: strong CP problem, extensions to Standard Model) but become pretty handy elsewhere WISPs Can be formulated as: Dark Matter (i.e. Axions, hidden photons) ALPs Dark Energy (i.e. Chameleons) Low energy scale dictates experimental approach Axions WISP searches are complementary to WIMP searches [email protected] The University of Western Australia 5 The Axion – Origins in Particle Physics CP violating term in QCD Lagrangian implies neutron electric dipole moment: But measurements place constraint: Why is the neutron electric dipole moment (and thus θ) so small? This is the Strong CP Problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for a New 17 Mev Boson
    PROTOPHOBIC 8Be TRANSITION EVIDENCE FOR A NEW 17 MEV BOSON Flip Tanedo arXiv:1604.07411 & work in progress SLAC Dark Sectors 2016 (28 — 30 April) with Jonathan Feng, Bart Fornal, Susan Gardner, Iftah Galon, Jordan Smolinsky, & Tim Tait BART SUSAN IFTAH 1 flip . tanedo @ uci . edu EVIDENCE FOR A 17 MEV NEW BOSON 14 week ending A 6.8σ nuclear transitionPRL 116, 042501 (2016) anomalyPHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 29 JANUARY 2016 shape of the resonance [40], but it is definitelyweek different ending pairs (rescaled for better separation) compared with the PRL 116, 042501 (2016) PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 29 JANUARY 2016 from the shape of the forward or backward asymmetry [40]. simulations (full curve) including only M1 and E1 con- Therefore, the above experimental data make the interpre- tributions. The experimental data do not deviate from the Observation of Anomalous Internal Pairtation Creation of the in observed8Be: A Possible anomaly Indication less probable of a as Light, being the normal IPC. This fact supports also the assumption of the Neutralconsequence Boson of some kind of interference effects. boson decay. The deviation cannot be explained by any γ-ray related The χ2 analysis mentioned above to judge the signifi- A. J. Krasznahorkay,* M. Csatlós, L. Csige, Z. Gácsi,background J. Gulyás, M. either, Hunyadi, since I. Kuti, we B. cannot M. Nyakó, see any L. Stuhl, effect J. Timár, at off cance of the observed anomaly was extended to extract the T. G. Tornyi,resonance, and Zs. where Vajta the γ-ray background is almost the same. mass of the hypothetical boson. The simulated angular Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy ofTo Sciences the best (MTA of Atomki), our knowledge, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Supersymmetry and Stationary Solutions in Dilaton-Axion Gravity" (1994)
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Physics Department Faculty Publication Series Physics 1994 Supersymmetry and stationary solutions in dilaton- axion gravity R Kallosh David Kastor University of Massachusetts - Amherst, [email protected] T Ortín T Torma Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/physics_faculty_pubs Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Kallosh, R; Kastor, David; Ortín, T; and Torma, T, "Supersymmetry and stationary solutions in dilaton-axion gravity" (1994). Physics Review D. 1219. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/physics_faculty_pubs/1219 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Physics at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics Department Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SU-ITP-94-12 UMHEP-407 QMW-PH-94-12 hep-th/9406059 SUPERSYMMETRY AND STATIONARY SOLUTIONS IN DILATON-AXION GRAVITY Renata Kallosha1, David Kastorb2, Tom´as Ort´ınc3 and Tibor Tormab4 aPhysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003 cDepartment of Physics, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K. ABSTRACT New stationary solutions of 4-dimensional dilaton-axion gravity are presented, which correspond to the charged Taub-NUT and Israel-Wilson-Perj´es (IWP) solu- tions of Einstein-Maxwell theory. The charged axion-dilaton Taub-NUT solutions are shown to have a number of interesting properties: i) manifest SL(2, R) sym- arXiv:hep-th/9406059v1 10 Jun 1994 metry, ii) an infinite throat in an extremal limit, iii) the throat limit coincides with an exact CFT construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Axion Dark Matter from Higgs Inflation with an Intermediate H∗
    Axion dark matter from Higgs inflation with an intermediate H∗ Tommi Tenkanena and Luca Visinellib;c;d aDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA bDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, L¨agerhyddsv¨agen1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden cNordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden dGravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. In order to accommodate the QCD axion as the dark matter (DM) in a model in which the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken before the end of inflation, a relatively low scale of inflation has to be invoked in order to avoid bounds from DM isocurvature 9 fluctuations, H∗ . O(10 ) GeV. We construct a simple model in which the Standard Model Higgs field is non-minimally coupled to Palatini gravity and acts as the inflaton, leading to a 8 scale of inflation H∗ ∼ 10 GeV. When the energy scale at which the PQ symmetry breaks is much larger than the scale of inflation, we find that in this scenario the required axion mass for which the axion constitutes all DM is m0 . 0:05 µeV for a quartic Higgs self-coupling 14 λφ = 0:1, which correspond to the PQ breaking scale vσ & 10 GeV and tensor-to-scalar ratio r ∼ 10−12. Future experiments sensitive to the relevant QCD axion mass scale can therefore shed light on the physics of the Universe before the end of inflation.
    [Show full text]
  • WISP Dark Matter Theory
    WISP Dark Matter Theory. Andreas Ringwald (DESY) Latest Results in Dark Matter Searches Stockholm, Sweden 12-14 May 2014 Introduction > Plenty of dark matter (DM) candi- dates spanning huge parameter range in masses and couplings > Two classes stand out because of their convincing physics case and the variety of experimental and observational probes: § Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), such as neutralinos § Very Weakly Interacting Slim (=ultra- light) Particles (WISPs), such as axions, axion-like particles and hidden photons [Kim,Carosi `10] Andreas Ringwald | WISP Dark Matter Theory, Latest Results in Dark Matter Searches, Stockholm, 12-14 May 2014 | Page 2 Theoretically favored WISP candidates > Pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons: § “Axion-Like Particles” (ALPs) arising from breaking of global U(1) symmetries at high energy scale f a ; angular part of complex SM singlet Higgs-like field • Low energy effective field theory has shift symmetry a ( x ) a ( x ) + const . , forbidding 2 2 explicit mass terms, m a a ( x ) , in the Lagrangian ! • Effective couplings to/ SM particles suppressed by powers of high energy scale f a , e.g. coupling to photons, ↵ a C F F˜µ⌫ aγ µ⌫ L ⊃−8⇡ fa • Examples: • Axion from breaking of global chiral symmetry; axion field acts as dynamical theta parameter, [Peccei,Quinn 77; Weinberg 78; Wilczek 78] spontaneously relaxing to zero, (thus CP conserved in strong interactions) • mass due to chiral symmetry breaking, • Majoron from breaking of global lepton number symmetry [Chikashige et al. 78] • high scale
    [Show full text]
  • Several Problems in Particle Physics and Cosmology Solved in One SMASH
    IFT-UAM/CSIC-19-39, MPP-2019-75, DESY 19-056, TUM-HEP-1196-19 Several Problems in Particle Physics and Cosmology Solved in One SMASH Guillermo Ballesteros,1;2 Javier Redondo,3;4 Andreas Ringwald5;∗ and Carlos Tamarit6 1Instituto de F´ısicaTe´orica,UAM/CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain 2Departamento de F´ısicaTe´orica,Universidad Aut´onomade Madrid (UAM). Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain 3Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain 4Max-Planck-Institut f¨urPhysik, M¨unchen, Germany 5Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany 6Physik Department T70, Technische Universit¨atM¨unchen, Garching, Germany Abstract The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is a big success. However, it lacks expla- nations for cosmic inflation, the matter-anti-matter asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, neutrino oscillations, and the feebleness of CP violation in the strong interactions. The latter may be explained by a complex scalar field charged under a spontaneously broken global U(1) Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry. Moreover, the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of this breaking -the axion- may play the role of the dark matter. Furthermore, the modulus of the PQ field is a candidate for driving inflation. If additionally three extra SM singlet neutrinos (whose mass is induced by the PQ field) are included, the five aforementioned problems can be ad- dressed at once. We review the SM extension dubbed SMASH {for SM-Axion-Seesaw-Higgs portal inflation–, discuss its predictions and tests in astrophysics, cosmology, and laboratory experiments. Variants of SMASH are also considered and commented on. arXiv:1904.05594v1 [hep-ph] 11 Apr 2019 ∗ [email protected] 1 S M *S H u d e ν1 N1 c s μ ν2 N2 t b τ ν3 N3 g W Z γ Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Cavity Design for High-Frequency Axion Dark Matter Detectors
    1 Stern et al. Cavity design for high-frequency axion dark matter detectors I. Stern,1 A.A. Chisholm,1 J. Hoskins,1 P. Sikivie,1 N.S. Sullivan,1 D.B. Tanner,1 G. Carosi,2 and K. van Bibber3 1Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA 2Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA 3Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA In an effort to extend the usefulness of microwave cavity detectors to higher axion masses, above ~8 µeV (~2 GHz), a numerical trade study of cavities was conducted to investigate the merit of using variable periodic post arrays and regulating vane designs for higher-frequency searches. The results show that both designs could be used to develop resonant cavities for high-mass axion searches. Multiple configurations of both methods obtained the scanning sensitivity equivalent to approximately 4 coherently coupled cavities with a single tuning rod. I. BACKGROUND 0 < v < c/1000, making the spread of energy ~10-6 mc2. The axion haloscope uses the inverse Primakoff effect to search for The detection of the axion is of significant interest to CDM axions in our galactic halo. particle physics and to cosmology. The axion is a hypothetical In the Sikivie7 haloscope detector, a microwave cavity pseudoscalar particle which was originally postulated to permeated by a strong magnetic field leads to resonant explain, within the framework of the standard model of conversion of axions to photons. From Eq. (1), it can be particle interactions, why P (parity) and CP (charge shown that the coupling strength of the axion to a resonant conjugation times parity) are conserved by the strong 3 mode is proportional to ∫ d x B0 ⋅ Emnp(x), where Emnp is the interactions.1-3 If the axion mass were in the range of 10-6-10-3 4 electric field of the mode.
    [Show full text]
  • Axion Decay of a 17-Kev Neutrino
    VOLUME 67, NUMBER 7 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 12 AUGUST 1991 Axion Decay of a 17-keV Neutrino Myron Bander ' Department of Physics, University of Californiai, rvine, California 92717 (Received 25 March 1991; revised manuscript received 15 May 1991) A 17-keV particle tentatively observed in P decays is assumed to be a new Dirac-type neutrino. Cou- pling to the Higgs sector of the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axion model provides a mass for this particle, its mixing with the electron neutrino, and a channel for a reasonably fast decay into an electron neutrino and the light DFSZ axion. Results are consistent with most laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological limits on the properties of this particle and of the axion. PACS numbers: 12.15.Ff, 13.35.+s, 14.60.6h, 14.80.Gt Over the past several years tentative evidence has ap- a light neutrino and a majoron, while Babu, Mohapatra, peared in nuclear P decay for the existence of a 17-keV and Rothstein [6] considered it to be a Dirac neutrino neutrino [1-3]. Approximately 1% of the decays produce whose right-handed component has new couplings, per- this new particle [2,3], which we shall call VH. Although mitting a fast decay into three light neutrinos. it is simple to envisage schemes where the ordinary elec- In this Letter we propose that VH is a new, SU(2)L- tron neutrino mixes with the vH, where vH is either one of singlet, Dirac neutrino that obtains its mass and mixes the known neutrino species or a new type, laboratory ex- with v, through the Higgs mechanism of the Dine- periments and astrophysical and cosmological considera- Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) [7,8] "invisible" tions put constraints on the properties of this particle.
    [Show full text]
  • Nugget Dark Matter
    EPJ Web of Conferences 137, 09014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/ epjconf/201713709014 XIIth Quark Confinement & the Hadron Spectrum Beyond WIMPs: the Quark (Anti) Nugget Dark Matter Ariel Zhitnitsky1;a 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Abstract. We review a testable dark matter (DM) model outside of the standard WIMP paradigm. The model is unique in a sense that the observed ratio Ωdark ' Ωvisible for visible and dark matter densities finds its natural explanation as a result of their common QCD origin when both types of matter (DM and visible) are formed during the QCD phase transition and both are proportional to single dimensional parameter of the system, ΛQCD. We argue that the charge separation effect also inevitably occurs during the same QCD phase transition in the presence of the CP odd axion field a(x). It leads to pref- erential formation of one species of nuggets on the scales of the visible Universe where the axion field a(x) is coherent. A natural outcome of this preferential evolution is that only one type of the visible baryons (not anti- baryons) remain in the system after the nuggets complete their formation. Unlike conventional WIMP dark matter candidates, the nuggets and anti-nuggets are strongly interacting but macroscopically large objects. The rare events of annihilation of the anti-nuggets with visible matter lead to a number of observable effects. We argue that the relative intensities for a number of measured ex- cesses of emission from the centre of galaxy (covering more than 11 orders of magnitude) are determined by standard and well established physics.
    [Show full text]