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ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés Als Continguts Dʼaquesta Tesi Doctoral I La Seva Utilització Ha De Respectar Els Drets De La Persona Autora

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ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés Als Continguts Dʼaquesta Tesi Doctoral I La Seva Utilització Ha De Respectar Els Drets De La Persona Autora ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials dʼinvestigació i docència en els termes establerts a lʼart. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix lʼautorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No sʼautoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes dʼexplotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des dʼun lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc sʼautoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Local Political Opportunity Structure and Immigrant Political Incorporation: The Multifaceted Incorporation of Latinos in Chicago. by Estefanía Cruz Lera Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. Program in Politics, Policy and International Relations Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Supervisors: Eva Ostergaard Nielsen Margarita León Borja September 2018 i Abstract This dissertation analyses immigrant political incorporation by acknowledging the interactions between immigrants’ agency and the local political context. In this research I focus on explaining the whys and hows of the development a multifaceted process of political incorporation at the city scale. Departing from exploratory research and inductive analysis, this thesis looks at the contrasting and coexisting strategies undertaken by Latinos during the process of their political incorporation in Chicago. Using the political opportunity structure (POS) approach, I propose an analytical model considering two variables: the immigrants’ agency and the ii political structure in Chicago. The agency has three dimensions in the analysis: organization, mobilization, and policy incidence. The structure includes, on the one hand, contextual factors that are the lasting characteristics of the polity having its roots in the social and historical processes. On the other hand, it includes as explanatory variables the political opportunity structures that refer to the political circumstances that barrier or catalyst immigrant incorporation. The research design consisted of an in-depth study of the critical case of Chicago. This qualitative study followed a multi-method strategy. The main part consisted on participant observation and elite interviews with leaders of the immigrant organizations and other political actors from Chicago. The main finding of this dissertation rests precisely on how the degree of political inclusiveness of the city and the contextual factors merge with the multifaceted agency leading to complex interactions. This case study found that Chicago Latinos are facing the following dilemmas: 1) mainstreaming vs autonomy in the case of organization, 2) the simultaneous use of both contentious and uncontentious collective action, and, 3) the generation of community innovations to politicize the group in order to avoid depoliticization in the case of policy incidence. This multifaceted incorporation has the broader implication of positioning Chicago Latinos simultaneously as both a challenging group and as a political clientele. These dynamics spotlight a critical case among the universe of research of immigrant political incorporation at the city scale iii Resumen Esta tesis aborda la incorporación política de inmigrantes a través del análisis de las interacciones entre la agencia de los migrantes y el contexto político local. En esta investigación me concentro en explicar por qué y cómo se desarrolló una agencia multifacética de incorporación política en la escala de la ciudad. A partir de investigación exploratoria y derivado del análisis inductivo esta tesis examina las estrategias contrastantes y coexistentes emprendidas por los Latinos durante su procesos de incorporación política en Chicago. Usando el enfoque teórico de “Estructura de Oportunidades Políticas”, propuse un modelo analítico considerando ambas variables: la agencia de inmigrantes y la estructura política en Chicago. La agencia tiene tres dimensiones de análisis: organización, movilización e incidencia política. La estructura incluye, por un lado, “factores contextuales” que son las características duraderas del sistema político que tiene sus raíces en los procesos sociales e históricos. Por otra parte, incluye como variables explicativas a “las estructuras de oportunidad política” que se iv refieren a las circunstancias políticas que tienen la capacidad de frenar o catalizar la incorporación inmigrante. El diseño de la investigación consiste en el estudio a profundidad del caso crítico de Chicago. Este estudio cualitativo siguió una estrategia multimetodológica, cuya parte nuclear consistió en la observación participante y el desarrollo de entrevistas de élite con líderes de las organizaciones de migrantes y otros actores políticos de Chicago. El hallazgo principal de esta tesis descansa en cómo tanto el grado de inclusión política de la ciudad y los factores contextuales se fusionan con la multifacética agencia de los inmigrantes dando lugar a complejas interacciones. Este estudio de caso encontró que los latinos de Chicago se enfrentan a varios dilemas: 1) “mainstreaming” vs autonomía en el caso de la organización, 2) la exhibición tanto de acción colectiva contenciosa como no contenciosa en el caso de la movilización, y, 3) la generación de innovaciones comunitarias para politizar al grupo con el fin de evitar la despolitización en el caso de incidencia política. Esta incorporación multifacética tiene las implicaciones más amplias de posicionar a los latinos de Chicago simultáneamente como un grupo desafiante y como una clientela política. Estas dinámicas nos remiten a un caso crítico entre el universo de investigación de la incorporación migrante en la escala urbana. v Contents List of figures .................................................................................................................. ix Acronyms xi Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Theoretical Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation ..................... 7 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 7 1.2. The study of immigrant political incorporation ...................................... 8 1.3. The Approaches to Political Incorporation ........................................... 13 1.3.1. Group Resources Explanations ................................................. 13 1.3.2. Context-Based Approaches ...................................................... 16 1.4. The Political Opportunity Structure Approach ..................................... 19 1.5. Theoretical proposal ............................................................................. 23 vi 1.6. The local shift of the studies on immigrant political incorporation ..... 32 1.7. Concluding remarks .............................................................................. 38 Chapter 2. Methodology ................................................................................................. 39 2.1. Introduction........................................................................................... 39 2.2. Why Chicago? The logics of case selection ......................................... 41 2.3. Case Study Methodology .....................................................................
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