REGISTERED FOR INLAND AND FOREIGN TRANSMISSION.

LONDON, SATURDAY, FEB. 1o, 1894. [P r ice O n e P en n y.

cating the establishment of peasant proprietary in CRITICAL CHRONICLE. Great Britain, that form of landholding and agricul­ ture is breaking down in every civilised country. Mr. Labouchere, for instance, points with triumph More Journalistic I magination. to 7,000,000 peasant cultivators in France. There are not so many, but let that pass. He should look Since the brutal behaviour of the a little deeper. The small holdings have been City Police to the unemployed pro­ absorbed nearly all through the north of France, cession of Saturday last various highly- and the small cultivator is now almost universally coloured speeches have been attributed regarded as being economically doomed in other to our comrade Williams. Last Tues­ districts, One of the most serious signs in modern day night there appeared in all the France is the decrease of saving and thrift among evening newspapers a sensational that saving and thrifty people. Diseases arising report of a speech supposed to have from insufficient nourishment are rapidly on the been delivered by Williams, in which increase among these very peasants. So elsewhere he was made to talk a quantity of wild in Silesia, Baden-Baden, Alsace-Lorraine, Switzer­ nonsense about people taking explo­ land, Lombardy, Venice, and so on and so on. You sives in their pockets made up in cannot put back the hands on the dial of economic packets about the size of a penny. progress. Peasant proprietary is played out. We are requested to give an emphatic denial to such an absurd falsehood, As L iberals See H im. published for no other reason than to damage the present unemployed agitation. Its inaccuracy can If any of our friends are inclined to think that we easily be proved by the notes of the police reporter have been unduly severe in our references to Mr. himself. The worst of the whole business is that John Burns, we commend to their perusal an article “ liners”— like some we know— often make up sen­ on that gentleman which appeared in the D a ily sational reports from their own imagination in order N ew s of last Saturday week. The article is most to ensure their insertion in the columns of the capi- adulatory in tone, and among other things says of talist press. Mr. Burns that “ in the debate on the Featherstone riots he took a very bold line indeed, admitting John E. W illiams.. that dangerous rioters ought to be shot, and even condemning the use of less deadly weapons than the We Social-Democrats are becoming almost afraid Lee-Metford rifle. W hen Mr. Burns took his seat, to say a good word for one another, or to praise along with Mr. Keir Hardie, on the left of the genuine good work done by a member o f our body. Speaker it was too hastily inferred that he would Our experience of the results of such praise in the past having been so bad. But something we must not support Her Majesty's Government. As a say about what has been done by our old comrade matter of fact, Ministers have had few more staunch John Williams in this unemployed agitation. No and loyal allies. When a Radical protest is made one could have worked harder, no one could have in the Lobbies Mr. Burns almost always gives a spoken more plainly, no one could have been more Radical vote. But he never makes mischief, or judicious, and no one could have been more suc­ attempts to organise a revolt.” Comment on this cessful. The whole business has been most credit- commendation from the official organ of the Liberal able to himself, to the S.D.F. committee, and to the Government is unnecessary. We could not possibly S.D F. at large. It is now just thirteen years since say anything more strongly condemnatory. John Williams joined our organisation, and when A utocratic “ Socialism ” in the U nited States. the history of the body comes to be written, it will certainly appear that no one has had more imprisonment, more kicks and cuffs from the The Government receiver of the Union Pacific police, or has done more for his class by teaching, Railway has recently ordered that wages shall be organisation and agitation than has indefatigable reduced 10 per cent., and that the men shall not and plucky little John E. Williams. strike, but must continue, under penalty of the law, to work at the reduced rate. This order will be better appreciated when it is known that one quarter L ectures on E conomics. of the 170,000 miles of railway in the United States It is most encouraging to see the Central Hall of is now in the hands of Government receivers owing the S.D.F. crowded to the door and many standing to their reconstruction during bankruptcy. In other up to hear Hyndman’s lectures on “ Socialist Eco­ words, more than 40,000 miles of railway, employing nomics,” especially as all who attend have to make over 175,000 men, are now under the temporary a small payment to the general fund. This shows control of the State in America, and an edict is that our comrades are getting to understand more issued ordering a reduction of wage without the and more clearly that without a thoroughly sound option of refusal. Can any sane person think that economic basis all our propaganda is comparatively such events do not portend a revolutionary era ? vain. No doubt political economy is hard work. To grasp firmly the theories of value, surplus value, A rrest of D r. M erlino. &c., which underlie the only existing analysis of capitalist production is no easy matter. But on the We regret, thongh we are not surprised, to hear whole it is easier for working men to do this than of the arrest of Dr. Merlino at Naples. Merlino’s for most of the half-educated but wholly-conceited movements have, we understand, been watched by middle-class. They can think their difficulties out the police for some time past, and during his two unhampered by class prejudice. Mere reading is last visits to Italy they could have laid hands on him not enough. No man, least of all Marx, ever pre­ had they desired to do so. Unfortunately, Merlino tended that he had solved all the problems of eco­ has been arrested at a time of excitement, when the nomics. But he has furnished us with the key by most brutal sentences of imprisonment will be which we ourselves can help to solve them. And it hurriedly passed on all whom the Italian Govern­ is this key which Hyndman is trying to explain the ment get in their clutches. working of in his Saturday lectures at 337, Strand. We understand that the lectures will be published Alderman Faudel Philips had a case before him hereafter. last week at the Guildhall of a carpenter charged with assaulting his wife, who asked for a separation order. ------P easant P roprietary. The wife got the order, the man was to pay his It is worthy of note that, just at the time when wife 8s. a week, and was sentenced to a month's im­ our Radical wiseacres and Tory geniuses are advo- prisonment with hard labour. Puzzle— find the 8s.! “ W ill you explain more fully what yon mean by ROUND THE CROWD. that ? ” SCOTTISH NOTES. “ Yes, certainly. I mean that all the money paid B y t h e D o d g e r . in rent, rates and taxes is a portion of the total I mentioned some time ago that that section of wealth produced by labour in the course of its the Scottish Labour Party that runs public meetings Comrade Hobart has forwarded me a letter con- manipulation of the gifts of nature. It therefore in the Albion Hall, Glasgow, would not sell J u s t i c e taining a very interesting problem. The problem belongs to labour, is taken from labour; and, inside the hall. These lectures are managed and is in this wise :— although paid as rent, rates, and taxes by the arranged by a lecture committee. This committee “ A quantity of municipal work will cost the middle-class, is indirectly payment from the workers. is composed— so I understand—of delegates from all the branches in Glasgow. The other week this municipality £ 30,000 if executed by a con- Thus the workers indirectly pay all the rents, rates, tractor and £20,000 if executed without the and taxes.” committee discussed a motion “ whether it is now intervention of a contractor, thus saving, appa­ “ That I can understand. But do you consider advisable to sell J u s t i c e inside the hall or not ” and by a sweeping majority decided not to do so, coupled rently, £10,000. But if the municipality do the that a reduction of the rates in any one municipality with what was akin to a vote of censure upon work they will employ their own men at, say, 4d. would be of material advantage to the workers an hour, and will displace the contractor’s men at belonging to that municipality ? ” William Maguire for allowing this paper to lie on the table outside so as any person asking for it 7d. an hour. Which would you recommend Social- “ Well, yes; temporarily. Because you must might get it. I think I have heard Sandy Haddow, Democrats to support: the contractor and higher recollect that the workers have to pay a direct the Mackays (father and son), the two Biggers, wages, or the municipality, low wages, and a saving tribute towards the maintenance of the municipality of £10,000 to the ratepayers ? ” as well as an indirect one. If a municipality were John Adams, Murray K aye and James Colton declare that J u s t i c e ought to be read by all those My correspondent informs me that, of course, so recklessly extravagant as to require a tribute of the Social-Democrats in the municipality are 19s. in the £ from the head of every household the who were anxious to get a real grip of Socialism. prepared to back the principle of collective employ­ worker would have to provide the direct tribute as If this be so, and as all these men whom I have ment, but are anxious to know how they can well as the indirect tribute.” mentioned are either directly or indirectly connected explain their reason for doing so to their Radical “ Can you explain how this direct taxation is with this lecture committee they might oblige us opponents. levied ? ” by giving an opinion anent this matter. I must have a smoke before I can write any u Yes. In the increase of house rent and by the more. impost of poor rates, lighting, and other local A friend of mine coming into contact with a Which would I recommend: the contractor ? rates.” Scotch Radical M.P. the other day asked him if he No. High wages ? Yes. The Municipality ? “ But the shopkeepers pay the rates as a rule.” read J u s t i c e . The answer was yes. My friend then Yes. Low wages? No. A saving to the rate­ 11 And the worker buys goods from the shop- said: “ How comes it that you who are opposed payers ? Hum! keeper, and, in the increased prices charged, gives to Socialism read a paper that advocates it.” " Well. There seems a complexity about this which him the wherewithal to pay the rates.” I suppose,” said the M.P., “ I read it for the same rea­ suggests that it is not quite right; but I am “ Is that not merely reiterating the indirect sons that a large number of M .P.’s both Conserva­ informed that the facts are reliable. manner in which the poor pay the rates ? ” tives and Liberals do, and that it is to get informa­ Well, now, we will discuss it pro and con. “ No. That is the direct way. The indirect tion. “ You see it is like this, there are a large “ The reason Social-Democrats should oppose way is hidden in the fact that all wealth is pro­ number of big questions just now that have got to the intervention of a contractor is because it is duced by labour. Labour receives a small portion be settled one way or the other and that shortly. necessary to use every possible means of breaking of the wealth created, but on that small portion is This the politicians on both sides clearly recognise, down the system of employer and workman, levied a direct tax.” but the difficulty with some of them is to get as public business and all work should be " Now, supposing this £ 10,000 which the munici­ information from their own newspapers that they carried on for use and not for profit. That is agreed. pality in question would save by doing its own can rely upon. Take for example India. That country At the same time, it does seem awkward to suggest work were a very large proportion of its exchequer, through robbery and mismanagement on the part such a course when the private employer offers to how do you think that would benefit the worker ? ” of a few individuals in this country has been left on pay higher wages than the public municipality. “ In this wise ? The shopkeeper would not have the verge of ruin. Politicans who are anxious that Yet that is also a tact. Aye, but it is an exceptional such a drain upon his income and would use the the “ game ” in that country should still go on, have case, and cannot be considered side by side with money saved in that direction to the extension of no faith in the information contained in the a principle. It should therefore be pointed out to his business. The extension of business means average newspaper. What they want is un­ the Radicals that the principle of collective owner­ intensifying competition. Intensification of com­ tainted information from one who knows what ship and control is pre-eminent, and must be petition amongst shopkeepers means a lowering of he is writing about so that they may have maintained at all costs.” prices to the purchaser. A lowering of prices reliable data to base fresh calculations upon. “ But can you reasonably expect workmen, for under such conditions means an increase of the This they find in J u s t i c e . Those who want to the sake of principle to favour a proposition which purchasing power of nominal wages. And, the upset the present British rule in India have also to would throw them out of work and put others in at increase of the purchasing power of nominal wages go to J u s t i c e if they want to get at the facts about a lower rate ? V means an increase of real wages.” the management of that country, and keep abreast “ Probably not, any more than we can reason- Then do you think that the abolition of house- of the times so far as the question is concerned. ably expect a Socialist landlord to refuse to accept rent would mean an increase of real wages ? ” The politicians, who from whatever cause, are rent from his tenants because he is oppossed to the “ Only temporarily, as I said. Such a reduction as interested in European politics know that in practice of paying rent. But then the work is I have depicted above could not be of long dura­ J u s t i c e can be found short articles and brief notes under public control, and it is the business of the tion because of the competition amongst the work­ written by those who are admittedly authorities on workers to see that proper wages are paid.” ers for work. As a matter of fact, high rent or low this branch of knowledge. Another class are those “ Put it another way. Is it right and proper to rent, single tax or a multiplicity of taxes, would who, through their reading and observation have say to those men who are not employed by the con­ make no permanent difference to the workers. come to the conclusion that the present system can­ tractor that they should support the municipality The operations of competition would soon bring not last, only they hope it will last their time. This doing their own work when they know that the everything down to the lowest subsistence level for class laughs at “ living wages ” and such like, for men employed by the municipality would have to the workers, to the smallest margin of profit for full well they know that this has only for its basis work for less wages than the others if they did ? ” the shopkeepers, and the lowest prices for which sentiment. What they are afraid of is that the “ My answer is ' Yes.’ Higher and lower wages the capitalist would consent to continue to workers may get a scientific grasp of the are merely incidents of capitalism. As Social- produce.” methods employed whereby wealth is produced and Democrats we are expected, especially in public “ Then in what direction£ would the saving of distributed. J u s t i c e they know formulates Socialism matters, to subordinate private individual advan­ 10,000 be of advantage ? ” as a science, bringing to its aid the facts of history. tages to public collective principles.” “ That it would be £10,000 less in the pocket of “ Should we not be open to the charge from trade a private individual and £10,000 more in a public As J u s t i c e is always giving information which unionists of deliberately aiding and abetting the exchequer. Extend this principle widely and clearly indicates the gradual break-up of the reduction of the rate of wages ? ” rapidly and the days of the private capitalist would present system this class of readers get it, not “ Oh, y e s; but trade unionism is not our first be brief indeed.” because they like to read what it contains but to a thought, I hope. W e ought to be as resolute in “ May I trouble you to revert back to the great extent through curiosity and because they refusing to compromise our principles to trade wages ? Supposing that £5,000 of the £ 10,000 be can’t help it. unionists as to politicians. It is often the case that given to the contractor’s men in wages. How the wrong road is the more popular, and, probably, would you argue against the contractor then ? ” America is a great country. What, you have heard if you backed the contractor against the sweating “ That the £5,000 he receives in profits ought that before ? Perhaps you have not heard that municipality you would have a much more popular really to go into the public funds.” New York is the centre peg of the universe and support, but it would be at the expense of your “ But would it not be reasonable to assume that that in this city are spent £160,000 more per annum principle.” the £5,000 spent in extra wages would form the on what is called the prevention and detection of “ I cannot see that. Is it not a principle with nucleus of an increased local trade ? ” crime than on education. Socialists to get the highest wage possible for the “ Yes, quite reasonable; but even an increased worker ? ” local trade, which can only be like a flash in Hearing a good deal about the Glasgow Co- “ Not a principle, a practice.” the pan and of short duration, is not comparable operative tea-rooms, I wended my way thither the “ Your suggestion, then, would be contrary to with the establishment of the principle of Social- other night prepared to find fault with anything or the practice of Social Democrats ? ” Democracy.” everything that did not fulfil my conception of ex­ “ Y es; but in accord with their principles,which “ I notice that you have not argued in cellence, but, lo and behold! I could get nothing are paramount.” favour of supporting the municipality and the to find fault with. Perhaps I only saw the outside “ In what light do you view the probable saving grounds if its being a step in the direction of of things. Perhaps I was in a good humour. of £10,000 to the rate-payers ? ” Municipal Socialism ?” Perhaps I should require to go regular before “ As a distinct advantage.” “ Because I consider Municipal Socialism to be a faults and defects would become observable, but “ Do you think it would ensure any reduction of misnomer. You can no more have Municipal the conclusion I came to on a first visit was this the rates ? ” Socialism than you can have a local universe.” — to advise all readers of J u s t i c e in and around “ Immediately, no. Ultimately, yes.” Now, if the friends who have forwarded the Glasgow to pay it a visit. If they do this they will “ Do you think that would be an advantage to the above problem are not satisfied with my explana­ find a place fitted up with all the modern improve­ workers ? ” tion they must write direct to ments associated with first-class tea-rooms. W ait­ “ Directly, no. Indirectly, yes." ing-maids, young, good-looking, civil, modest, and T h e D o d GE r “ Your answers seem to be somewhat evasive. I obliging; food-stuffs clean, wholesome, and remark­ will put the questions differently. Who pays the It is not because he is a leader of industry that a man ably cheap. The literary association in connec­ rates ? " is a capitalist; on the contrary, he is a leader of indus­ tion with the “ United Baking Society ” meets in “ The workers. Directly and indirectly.” try because he is a capitalist.— Karl Marx. the rooms every Saturday night to lecture upon and discuss social questions. At these meetings the justify the Featherstone butchery will surely be equal if that be so, every effort must be made to explain the public are admitted. Now, here is a chance to to praising the police for breaking the heads of workless items in detail and with great care for their special workmen. benefit. Social-Democracy is an international move­ combine pleasure, feeding (if so disposed), and pro- ment, and everywhere where the workers are oppressed paganda all in one. Here is a place where trade Triumphant Democracy in the United States appears by landlords and capitalists we are desirous that our union rates are paid in all departments, so it is to be growing more triumphant and more democratic doctrines should be taught.— Yours fraternally, said, and nearly everything made by themselves. every day. Among the latest evidences of increasing H . W . H o b a r t. Give it a look up, and then tell me what you think democratic triumph I read that Judge Dandy, of the Federal Court, Omaha, Nebraska, has issued orders HOW LANCASHIRE LOOKS AT IT, about it. imposing a reduction of wages on all the employes of S an dy M a c fa r la n e . the Union Pacific Railroad amounting to nearly ten To the Editor of Justice. per cent. D e a r C o m r a d e , — I see that John Burns has been trying to shake himself loose from the reputation which he has TOPICAL TATTLE. It is also stated that the men are at the same time gained as a Liberal hack sailing under the flag of Social- enjoined from striking, and are ordered to work at the Democracy. In replying to the charges laid against him We are told that “ Life is the definite combination of reduced rate of wages. The concluding portion of the heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and succes- he appears to have been actuated more by a desire to pour a company's petition to the Court asks the Bench to sive, in correspondence with external coexistences and torrent of abuse upon the heads of certain Social-Democrats protect the railroad against overt acts on the part of than by any hope of defending his policy by logical argument. sequences." And yet people talk glibly about a “ living agitators and others insufficiently acquainted with the He is evidently a believer in the old proverb that “ if you wage !" terms of the Dew schedule, which, it is stated, seeks to throw enough mud some of it is bound to stick." This is a equalise salaries. Confirmatory orders have been pre- much easier method of dealing with men who are as con­ I have ben smiling somewhat lately— oh, yes, unlike sistent in their honesty of purpose as they are able in their oar glam and gloomy editor, I do smile sometimes— pared for all States traversed by the Union Pacific Railroad. denunciation of treachery : attributes 0f character which and I did smile on reading the recent controversy would undoubtedly prove a burthen to men of tho Broad- between Burns and others anent "Honest John," and How’s that for the Star Spangled Banner ? The hurst and Burns type. the S.D.F. No, I didn't smile at the mud-throwing, spread eagle should flap his wings and crow after that. Mr. Burns tells us that he would not make a "political I think it is to be regretted that Burns should have Now all you weary unemployed, what do you say to pantaloon " of himself. Of course not. A whitewasher and general apologist for Liberal blunders would be more in sunk so low as to first accuse his old colleagues of poli­ emigrating to that home of the brave and land of the tical dishonesty, and then, when compelled to abandon his line. As a proof that he still preserves the confidence of free, America ? There no House of Lords exists to the great bulk of Social-Democrats he quotes the number this charge, to—cuttle-fish like— cover his retreat by wreck the efforts of philanthropic plutocrats to give the emission of a lot of filth. Still, when a man gets of S.D.F. branches that have invited him to lecture for them freedom and happiness to working-class humanity. during the last two years. I suppose our branch will be to be called “ Honest John " by the capitalist press, There neither monarchy nor established church casts there's no telling how low he will go. included in the number quoted, but as far as we are con- its withering blight over the land. There the striker cerned, I can assure Burns that if we can only obtain for­ But what has made me smile is the cool assumption and the agitator are compelled to cease from troubling, giveness for having made such brazen asses of ourselves we with which John and his present allies appropriate all and the weary capitalist, having everything his own are not likely to repeat the offence. And I have every con­ way, with Pinkerton Thugs and Federal Court judges fidence that the other branches will endorse our sentiments. the credit for every application of the practical pro­ Many of our comrades are much to blame for Burns's pre­ gramme which the old hands of the S.D.F. first formu- to carry out his decrees, is at rest. T a t t l e r . sent political existence. They have gone on striving to lated, have since popularised, and have made practica- bring him back to grace when they ought to have employed ble by persistent agitation. their energies in removing such obstacles from their path by CORRESPONDENCE. endeavouring to affect his political extinction. We cannot I remember when this programme was first drawn afford to waste our time reasoning with traitors. The in­ up, the discussion we had on the various points— how THE UNEMPLOYED. terests of the many must not wait for the redemption of the majority of the social reformers of the time were individuals. With John Burns as a Liberal we have no against us. The idea of an eight hours day was laughed To the Editor of J u s t i c e . quarrel, but John Burns as a Social-Democrat must be swept to scorn, the individual liberty of the individual to work out of existence, and we ought to have no scruples as to the D e a r C o m r a d e ,— I write to correct a grossly inac­ as long as he liked—or as competition compelled him, method of affecting our object. There is no room for Napo­ curate report in your last issue, under the heading of leons in the Socialist movement. was glorified. That public bodies should have any S.D.F. Notes, with respect to the unemployed agitation concern as to the well-being of their employees, that In conclusion, permit me to inform Burns that should he in Liverpool, in which it is stated that a man of the determine to carry out his veiled threat, and come down here they should not buy their labour as cheaply as possible; name of Beddoes, and J. Goodman are the principal that they should do their own work—all this was to oppose our candidates we w ill send him back, with his speakers. The first-named is totally unpractised in present exaggerated estimate of himself reduced to a mini­ absurd; as absurd as to propose that children should public speaking, and has seldom been present; the mum. He would be much better advised to confine his be fed as well as educated, or that the provision of second has only appeared on three or four Saturdays. operations to Battersea, as the demonstration which would working-class dwellings should be a public business, The agitation commenced two months since, every day be got up for his especial benefit might not be conducive to and should not be left to private enterprise. of which C. Squire, the official organiser, has, in con­ an increase of his popularity, even within the sphere of his influence. If he came as a Liberal, he would of course receive But the little knot of Socialists held on. The “ cowards, junction with myself, called the meetings, organised processions, visited the authorities, and carried on the the same treatment as any other Liberal; but if as a Social- hypocrites, criminals, cretins, precocious youths and Democrat, then we would give him the kind of reception immature men " were no more laughed or bullied out entire agitation, and, as one proof, I refer you to the that we would give to any other man that sailed under false of their purpose twelve years ago than they are to-day. local press. I consider it right to notify you of this, as colours. We never veil our threats in this part of the It makes me almost sad to think that they are not quite truthful reports ought to appear in the official organ of country. We strike straight out from the shoulder, and so precocious nor quite so immature as they were twelve Social Democracy. Being a member of the Liverpool never hit below the belt. years ago. There were very, very few of us then— Branch of the S.D.F. myself, comrade Squire being its Yours fraternally, mostly strangers to each other— and some have left us chairman. J o h n P a t e r so n , and some have ceased to be. Hyndman, always to the Requesting you to publish this in your next issue, I Lecture Secretary, Colne Branch S.D.F. fore, always cheery under the most depressing circum- remain fraternally yours, BATTERSEA BAZAAR BALANCE SHEET, stances, with the glorious optimism which has enabled J. C r i e n . him to do so much, Bax, Burrows, Joynes, James and To the Editor of Ju stic e. KNIGHTS OF THE PLOUGH. John Murray, Quelch, Clarke, Butler, Soutter, and one D e a r C o m r a d e , — W ill you kindly insert balance sheet of Battersea Bazaar up to date. The committee desire me to or two others. Well, most of those who have not To the Editor of J u s t i c e . passed in their checks are still with us, and they know inform you they have goods in hand to the amount of about what the work was in the early days and who did it, D e a r C o m r a d e ,— I am pleased to see the letter by £4 which they hope to dispose of shortly. They would like Benjamin Pelin. I rejoice to know that our fellow- through you to thank, with all others who have in any way and it makes me smile now when I see others—who contributed in kind, Leon Caryll, Mrs. May Morris have done good work, I admit, but who have borrowed workers of the Emerald Isle are making a step in the direction of working out their own emancipation. A Sparling, Mr. Webling and all branches and comrades. their ideas on practical measures from our programme— Yours fraternally, turn round and lecture us on our impracticability, and popular motto we have in England is, “ He who would be free, himself must strike the blow." Irishmen pro­ 7 2 , Este Road, Battersea. M a r y G r e y . declare that they are going to take the Social Revolu­ January th, . bably believe it as earnestly as we do. At any rate, I 30 1893 tion under their special care and protection, and muni­ I ncome, E xpenditure. cipalise it! hope so. But here comes the question. Will the realisation of There was nothing extraordinary in the behaviour of the three points in the programme of the " Knights of the police towards the unemployed on Saturday. The the Plough " bring them freedom ? savage ferocity of their attacks upon peaceable I. A tax of £1 per acre on all uncultivated land. unarmed processions is becoming perfectly well known There are two possible results of this suggested tax. and recognised. I have been in a good many of these 1. The landlords may agree to pay it, in which case scrimmages, and I do not know that that of Saturday the graziers would have to earn it for him. 2. He may was worse than some others. It is something like a prefer to give up the land, as our friend suggests ; but game of football. The police are the players, and you that is highly improbable. Suppose the landlord pre­ Or anyone else who happens to be around are used as fers to retain possession of the land and proceeds to the ball. They knock you down and then kick you for put it under cultivation, what would the tax be then ? LANSBURY FOR WALWORTH. falling. As long as you are prostrate you will be kicked ; How would that facilitate the freeing of the land for To the Editor of J u s t i c e . if you scramble to your feet a burly bobby will knock the use of the people ? On the other hand, suppose D e a r C o m r a d e , —Three weeks ago I voiced through you down again, or hold you while two or three others the landlord surrenders his right of ownership and the J u s t i c e for this branch, a proposal possessed of a backbone punch you. It is fine fun—for the police. peasant is allowed to cultivate it for his own support, showing how the London District could make a start in how long will it take for the peasant to develop (or focussing the resources and energy of the organisation upon Some day perhaps other people will resent being the deteriorate) into a landlord ? the Walworth election by each branch pledging itself to a ball, and from kickee will become kicker. When that The second point in our friend's programme we are minimum cash contribution. Five out of the twenty-nine happens, the police will have to sit up—if they can— agreed with, only we consider all workers should re­ responded. Where are the remaining twenty-four ? Are and I hope I shall be there to share the fun. ceive a State pension, and at 60 years of age instead of they paper branches ? or are they sound asleep and snoring like t he majority o f working men ? 6 5 . I do not believe, for one moment, that this brutal The third item also has our heartiest support, though Forward now comrades ! If you believe that Socialism is behaviour is simply the result of the loss of temper on here again we consider it only as a palliative. salvation, work for it with the tools which are to your hands. the part of individual policemen. I am perfectly What you say in your footnote I fully endorse, but I Walworth may be captured by a concentrated and determined convinced that in punching, kicking, throwing down, should especially like your correspondent to explain effort and the cash nexus is the first step in the fight. and ferociously assailing all and sundry within their Let us show all dreamers and cranks, all gaseous vapourers how be arrives at the conclusion contained in the and venomous critics that we believe in work, and that silent reach, the police are acting strictly in accordance with following sentence: "H e will receive thirty acres of orders received. and organised action in the political arena from now and good tillage land and £300 to work it, and his yearly henceforward is one of our tools and that we know how to Anyone who has witnessed these proceedings, as I payment for land and money will be £7 10s." use it. No vapouring, no wordy warfare. Strike ! strike have done, on several similar occasions, must, it seems We are not opposed to a tax on land, but the reason swiftly ! Strike strongly ! With all your organised power to me, arrive at the same conclusion. It is not the act we do not concentrate all our energies on this single focussed on the point of least resistance. of a single policeman but of all; there is absolutely no question is because we believe that a greater curse than We must not be beaten before we begin. provocation before this brutality is indulged in, and landlordism is capitalism. Even if the land were free Come then you twenty-four laggards, table your guarantees. The six branches already pledged guarantee there is no escape for anyone whom a policeman can to-morrow, and the capitalist class had the monopoly from £75 to £80. reach with bis fist. of the means and instruments of production, in what position would the peasant be ? There is grit for you ; but the six must become thirty But until the people immediately concerned— those and the London District will stand erect. If our friend will kindly reason the question out from The Walworth election fight will become a fact, not a who are assailed by the police—take the matter into this point of view I feel sure he will see immediately phrase, and Socialism will begin to " breathe on the face of their own hands there will be no improvement and no why we do not limit our programme to the single tax the deep.” redress. The authorities will back the police, and the and why we have included so many items. I hope he Anxiously waiting for twenty-four responses. Labour Tribune in the House of Commons will un­ | is not quite correct when be says that the programme Yours fraternally, doubtedly back the authorities. The man who can is too comprehensive to be understood by the workers ; Finsbury Park Branch. D. Cam pbell. TO CONTRIBUTORS. measures have been shelved or thrown over- TELL-TALE STRAWS. All communications for insertion to be addressed to the board. The two great measures which were to Editor, end to be authenticated by name and address of the The “ administrator ” of Matabeleland has redeem the Government in the eyes of the writ er, not necessarily for publication. declined to convey farms to four men who left the No notioe will be taken of anonymous communications. working-class electorate— Employers’ Liability country at the beginning of the war, and rendered TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIONS and Parish Councils— have been practically no assistance to the company during the campaign. (including postage). shattered by the House of Lords, and the These four farms were free gifts to the men from Thirteen w e e k s ...... Is. 8d. King Lobengula. Six months ...... 3s. 3d. Government can do nothing but patiently Twelve months ...... 6s. 6d. submit to its discomfiture. The agitation which So that in the “ administrator's” eyes, these Subscribers who receive their oopies by post will please notice the number written on their address label, as it is the it was attempted to stir up against the House of men were disentitled to their own property number of the paper to which their subscription is paid. If Lords on the rejection of the Home Rule Bill, | because they had not assisted in the burgling of net renewed promptly the paper will be stopped without it! farther notice. If the number does not correspond with the never aroused any feeling at all, and even now subscription sent we should be notified a t once in order that that their lordships' action with regard to the the error may be corrected. The Archbishop of Canterbury is much exercised Employers' Liability and the Parish Councils over the increase in the number of cases of suicide. SCALE O F CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. bills has evoked some expressions of indignation Did it ever occur to him that the capitalist system, there is a general feeling that the Liberal of which he is a spiritual chief, is largely responsi- £ s. d. Single insertion...... per inch 5 o Government is neither desirous nor able to open ble for this ? 6 insertions...... per inch per insertion 4 6 a campaign against the House of Lords. 13 insertions ...... „ „ 4 0 Out of the sufferers by the “ Liberator ” frauds, 26 in sertio n s...... 3 0 While whatever it has attempted has resulted Quarter column, one in sertion ...... 12 6 six at least are known to have gone mad, and fifty H alf column, „ „ ...... I o o in ghastly failure, the Liberal Government are believed to have died, more or less broken- One Column, „ „ ...... I Io o has sedulously refrained from doing that which hearted. could easily have been accomplished in spite of Orders for Subscriptions, Copies of the Paper, and Special Advertisements should be sent to H. Quelch.37a , Clerkenwell Tory or lordly opposition and is indeed quite A visit was lately paid, says the St. James's Green, E .O , who will also receive payment for the same. outside the sphere of their influence. There is Gazette, to several towns in the disturbed districts Stamps should not be sent for amounts over one shilling. in Sicily by two Italian Deputies. Copies for distribution will be supplied on special terms. not one of the Liberal heads of departments who might not have done better, and many of them The oolumns of J ustice are open to contributions from all On arriving at the Socialist town of Piana dei friends of the cause. Though we can by no means under- could not possibly have done worse. Asquith's Greci they found the people fearless and confident. take to publish all we may receive, everything, by whomso­ administration of the Home Office may in some There was no need to make enquiries to see that ever written, will receive careful attention. respects be better than that of Matthews, it they were literally starving. “ In the midst of that crowd,” says Signor Comandini, “ of poor JUSTICE. could not very well be worse. But no crime peasants dressed in rags, yet clean; haggard and that Matthews ever committed was worse than trembling with hunger and with anger, I felt a S atu rday, F ebruary io th , 1894. the Featherstone murders. deeper impression of sorrow than I have felt in all my life.” WILL GLADSTONE RESIGN? Arnold Morley has carefully maintained the traditions of sweating, overwork, and underpay They asked questions of one of the crowd, in The statement by the P all Mall Gazette last in the Post Office, the Local Government Board answer to which he said he had a wife and Wednesday that the Premier had definitely under the incapable presidency of Mr. Fowler four children. When he had work he and his little decided to resign, evoked from that gentleman has in every matter under its control failed in ones ate bread, when out of work they ate weeds a denial which, although described by official its duty. Even the small concessions to the and any wild herbs they could pick. journals as “ full and explicit,” was really workpeople in the War Office were made so “ Why had he joined the Fascio ? ” (Socialist delightfully Gladstonian in its vagueness. We tardily as to deprive them of much of their society) they asked. “ Because I want work and are informed that “ The statement that Mr. value and to destroy all the credit the Govern­ bread.” “ Do you love Dr. Barbato ? ” (the presi­ Gladstone has definitely decided, or has decided ment might have claimed for them. dent of the Fascio, now in prison at Palermo). “ Yes, more than God, because God is with those at all, on resigning office is untrue. With all this record of failure, failure which who have their pockets full. He has abandoned us “ It is true that for many months past his age it is impossible for him or for the present poor wretches and spurns us” ' and the condition of his sight and hearing have, Government to retrieve, it is not at all surprising in his judgment, made relief from public cares that Mr. Gladstone should have serious thoughts Now we all know what sausage rolls are made of — see last Monday's paper. It arose out of Mr. desirable, and that, accordingly, his tenure of of resigning. Even if he and his party hang on Charles Weil, baker and confectioner, Seven office has been at any moment liable to interrup­ to office it is impossible for them to do any­ Sisters Road, bringing up an apprentice on the tion from these causes, in their nature perma­ thing. They have lost their chance. They charge of stealing a pound and a half of sweets. nent. threw away their opportunity of doing what Mr. Young, who defended, asked, “ Did you “ It remains exactly as it has been. He is was within their power, and have ignominiously teach this boy to make sausage-rolls of red ochre, ignorant of the course which events important failed to achieve that which they attempted. pepper and salt, and soaked brown bread ?" to the nation may take even during the Beaten at every point, it is difficult to believe Prosecutor: “ That is true.” Mr. Young: “ Where remainder of the present Session, and he has that the present Government can last more than is the sausage?” Witness: “ There is none re­ quired.” not said or done anything which could in any another session, or that Mr. Gladstone's resigna­ tion can be long deferred. degree restrain his absolute freedom and that of This was followed by “ loud laughter.” It his colleagues with regard to the performance And after Gladstone ? Who among all the would have been much more satisfactory if it had of arduous duties now lying or likely to lie rising men of the Liberal Party is there to step been followed by severe castigation of Mr. W eil; before them.” into his place ? Whatever may be said for and but of this we hear nothing, of course. His con­ against their present chief, there can be no duct was only “ a legitimate form of competition,” All of which is so exceedingly characteristic of we suppose. the grand old parliamentary hand, and irresisti­ question that he stands head and shoulders bly reminds one of the lady who protested too above all the rest of his party. When he has “ Is idleness criminal ? ” was the startling head­ much. In all this laboured “ full and explicit ” gone there is no one among them who can ing of a police-court case the other day ; and Mr. denial of the Pall M alls statement there is not quite fill his place. But his loss to his party Denman sagaciously doubted whether it came the slightest information as to our venerable may be our gain. The disappearance of Glad­ within the provisions of the Vagrant Act. stone from political life would mean very Premier’s intentions. We are only told that he Merciful Moses! why, if questions of this kind has not “ definitely decided,” or " decided at material changes in the Liberal Party, changes arise, we shall find some parson doubting whether all” on resigning. All the rest of the state­ which might even effect its complete dissolu­ he ought to suppress those texts in the Bible ment affords confirmation of the belief that tion if there were a strong, popular Social- which denounce taking “ increase ” on money, or interest. there was some truth in the original statement, Democratic Party to follow up the blow the loss of Gladstone would inflict on his party. and that, whatever he may or may not have One hundred per cent, interest is a pretty high “ definitely decided,” Mr. Gladstone purposes A strong, active, vigorous Social-Democratic rate, and there is still enough of the spirit of the retiring from office very shortly. Party, entering the political arena at such a old usury laws left to make magistrates come down And there is every reason for believing that crisis, might have the effect of driving all our on such attempts at extortion when they can. enemies into one camp in defence of Church he will do so. The failure of the present And it is usually poor people who suffer most Government has been overwhelmingly complete and State, Property and Privilege and in rally­ this way. Last week the War Office ordered a in everything to which it has put its hand. ing to our side all opposed to class domination prosecution against a money-lender called Mason Home Rule, as a well known and distinguished and class monopoly. It is particularly deplor­ for illegally detaining pension certificates. Irishman remarked to us the other day, is dead able that at such a time as the present some of These documents are no legal security for debt, and buried. All that the Gladstonian Govern­ those whom we have been wont to count among but the absence of them is tolerable security for ment has done for Home Rule was to dig its our friends should be endeavouring to yoke the not getting the pension paid. Mason charged 5s. grave and officiate at its obsequies. The Socialist movement to the Liberal chariot and a quarter for each loan of £ 1 . He had the papers Miners' Eight Hours Bill it burked, Payment of should have practically invested all their political of 391 army and navy pensioners. Fined £60 and costs. Members, Registration Reform, Second Ballot, assets in so bankrupt a concern as the Liberal Taxation Reform— all these and many minor Party. The London and Westminster Bank has paid a dividend of 12 per cent, for last year. The Union France. THE BOLD POLICE. Bank of London paid at the rate of 10 per cent, One does not require to be an Anarchist to see Music— “ The Gendarme’s Song.” for the last half-year of 1893. clearly that the execution of Vaillant which took place last Monday was a grave blunder, even from Come, comrades, come to me attend, Yet the chairmen at their meetings both lamented the point of view of middle-class republicanism. Some startling things I’ll tell you; In the first place, Vaillant did not kill anyone, and A set of chaps called Socialists over the “ period of very severe banking and com­ Are very tar from true blue. mercial depression.” therefore his execution— apart from the debateable They'd have the world turned upside down, question of capital punishment itself—was a more Disturbers of the peace. INTERNATIONAL NOTES. severe penalty than would have been meted out to We’ll run them in— we’ll run them in, an ordinary criminal. A long imprisonment would We must preserve the peace. B elgium. have been the sentence had not the attempt been Our duty’s to maintain the law, It will interest English Socialists to hear that coupled by Anarchical declarations. Now, if And we’re the bold police. there are three Socialist papers published in Anarchists, who throw bombs, are not to be Some of the things those chaps maintain Bulgaria. They are the Drugar “ Comrade ” pub­ treated as ordinary criminals, then they are some­ I will endeavour to relate, lished at Sofia, the capital; the Rabotnik thing more; they must either be lunatics or men They say that neither kings nor queens who are simply carrying on methods of warfare Are necessary tor the State. " Labourer,” at Tirnovo; and the Den “ Day,” at They call them costly parasites, Shumla. Among the younger generation of Bul­ with which the populace, as a whole, secretly Who but the people fleece. garians Socialist ideas have obtained a firm grasp, sympathise. Men like Vaillant seem to us to par­ We’ll run them in— we’ll run them in, but there is no proletariat in the country, so that as take more of the lunatic than anything else, with a The rascals we will seize. yet there is no material for such agitation as exists dash of criminality thrown in. To strain the law Our duty's to maintain the crown, in the older and so-called civilised states of Europe. so as to inflict capital punishment on such men is And we're the bold police. The Bulgarian government is however rapidly the policy of terror rather than of intelligence. They also say that landlords should preparing the way, for it is running the country Be all about their business sent, And that they have no right at all deeply into debt to the international usurers, and is CORRESPONDENCE. From off the land to draw a rent. doing its best to create an idle class to dance attend­ If ever they should have their way, ance at the mock court at Sofia. This is, of course, SAVE THE CHILDREN. Landlords will get short lease. at the expense of the Bulgarian people and the silly We'll run them in— we'll run them in, folks in Western Europe who invest in Bulgarian To the Editor of J u s t i c e . We’ll give to them long lease. securities. The existence of these Socialist papers Our duty's to support the squires, in Bulgaria gives great concern to some of the D e a r C o m r a d e ,— We should be glad if you will allow And we’re the bold police. the following appeal to appear in J u s t i c e , as we are The swell with mansion in the west foreign diplomatists at Sofia, notably the German, convinced that a serious consideration of same will who on more than one occasion has drawn the Who styles himself capitalist, serve to strengthen the cause for which we are fighting. When Socialism gets the sway, attention of official Bulgarians to the danger of When we consider how ignorant and how lament­ Will get a shovel in his fist. allowing such pernicious publications to be printed able is the condition of our children to-day— how they He’ll get at last some work to do, and circulated in the country. are taught at home, in school, and at business to rever­ His profits all would cease. ence this system of Society,— which is blighting so many We’ll run them in— we'll run them in, S pain. bright and noble lives, and compelling millions of our And swells our palms will grease. The state of affairs in the provinces in the South- brothers and sisters all over the world to exist like Our duty’s to support the rich, East of Spain is becoming very serious. The machines and die like dogs,— as almost divine in charac­ And we’re the bold police, ter, and therefore to be perpetuated; or how they are Governor of Cadiz has sent a report to the Minister Just think ! They say that poverty of the Interior, in which he says that the brigands taught to submit, in abject humility, to be sweated and robbed of nearly all the comforts and joys of life by Need not exist throughout the lands, in the country within his jurisdiction have for the those who have constituted themselves their employers If only workers had fair share moment either been captured by the gendarmes or and masters. What can we wish but that the " good Of all the labour of their hands! have passed into other provinces in order to escape tidings ’’ of Social Democracy might reach them before If such a state of things should be, the active search of the police; but thousands of they get older and become confirmed in these idiotic Then crime would surely cease. workmen and agricultural labourers are tramping notions ? For we must remember that they will have to We’ll run them in—we’ll run them in, unlearn all this some day; and, it may be, unless they For crime must not decrease. about the country in a starving condition, without We must maintain the rate of crime, work, and begging from town to town. These are taught differently nowt that they will be compelled to “ unlearn ” it at the point of the sword. For we’re the bold police. people, observes the Governor, may constitute ele­ Believing the foregoing to be true, we have agreed to Aberdeen. J . J o h n s t o n e . ments of disorder which may easily be turned to the following resolution as the best means to save the account by Anarchists or Revolutionists. children from the prevailing ignorance and superstition: PROPAGANDA FUND. The agricultural labourers of Alanis, a town of “ That we endeavour, during 1894, to establish a Sun­ 10,000 inhabitants in the province of Seville, day School Union in connection with the S.D.F., and Bermondsey Branch , , 0 2 6 resolved, a day or two ago, to occupy a quantity that we do not relinquish our efforts until this is accom­ Chorley Branch , , 0 6 8 of pastureland belonging to private owners and plished.” Trusting that all comrades interested in the Darweu Branch , 0 5 0 proceeded to divide the land among themselves by above will send in their names to either of the under- Grays Branch . 0 2 7 signed, so that a meeting of those willing to support Hoxton Branch , 0 3 5 lot, this being carried out by them without any such an effort may be called as speedily as possible. Kensal Town Branch . 0 6 8 disorder. A force of troops and gendarmerie has We beg to submit the following reasons why a S.S.U. Reading Branch , 0 6 5 since been sent to Alanis, and the ring-leaders of should be started: 1. Because to teach the children Southwark and Lambeth Branch e 4 3 the labourers have been arrested. In the southern successfully all the efforts of those best fitted for the Wandsworth Branch . , , 0 4 9 provinces the Socialist movement among the work must be thoroughly well organised, and this cannot Donations:— agrarian population is spreading every day. be done unless from a centre. 2. Because a simpler L. C. Strange , , 0 2 6 class of literature will have to be got together than that W. Baster . , 0 10 0 U nited S tates. already in use and various other details worked out E. Goodwin . 0 O 6 A dispatch from Anderson, Ind., says:— Owing which can more easily be accomplished if worked from Five Grays Socialists , 0 2 6 to the number of tramps, Mayor McHune has issued a centre. 3. Because, as will be seen from the two W. Atkmson 0 0 6 an order instructing the chief of police to furnish reasons mentioned above, not only will it be easier to C. Giles 0 0 6 attain the end in view by co operating in this matter, J. Thackeray . . 0 I 0 each night patrol-man with a blacksnake whip. but if the teaching of the children is left to isolated Collection:— Every tramp will be whipped out of the city and branches, many branches where they have not enough Finsbury Park, Feb. 4. , , 0 3 2 given a severe lashing if he returns. men and women to undertake this work will lose one of Central Election Fund:— There are said to be 6,000 retail store clerks idle the best opportunities of spreading the glorious gospel Reading Branch . , 0 3 4 in Chicago as a result of the reaction from holiday of Social Democracy they will ever have. Finsbury Park Branch • • 0 9 0 activity. We are, yours fraternally, Grays Branch • l 0 12 0 Pig iron is now selling in America at 22s. per ton. C h a r l e s R. V i n c e n t , Canning Town. G. Lansbury's Candidature:— M a r y G r e y , , , This is 50 per cent, less than the price at which it Battersea. J. Drew Kingson . 0 1 0 T. P a r t r i d g e , Walworth. Burton Shaw , 0 1 0 can be produced in England. For A. G. Wolfe’s wages:— Reuter’s agency in New York telegraphs that a SPECIAL NOTICES. E. Morris . , 0 1 0 number of men interested in the steamship line to J u s t i c e Improvement:— which the Paris and New York belong, met in Jersey Leon Caryll . . 0 2 0 S o u t h w a r k a n d L a m b e t h B r a n c h .— A Quarterly City yesterday to elect directors for the Inter-Navi­ meeting at 207, Westminster Bridge Road, on Thurs­ All subscriptions, donations, &c., should be sent to H W. Lee gation Company, recently incorporated with a capital day next, Feb. 15th, at 8 o'clock sharp. Important Secretary, 337, strand, W.C, of 15,000,000 dols. The company is a combination business. All members requested to attend. See next S.D.F. Unemployed Campaign Fund:— J. S. 0 0 6 week's J u s t i c e for announcement of Quarterly Tea and of steamship lines, and its object is to control the W. F. , , 0 2 0 Concert.—J. K e n t , Sec. greater portion of the traffic between New York and S. , , 0 2 0 Philadelphia and several European ports. General The W h i t e c h a p e l B r a n c h S.D.F. will hold a public Finsbury Park Branch , , 0 8 0 meeting on Saturday 10th inst., at the Liberal and Sewell, one of the incorporators of the company, Coll. 337, Strand , . 0 11 41/2 has stated that the latter has already ordered five Radical Club, Buxton Street, Brick Lane, E. Com­ A Wandsworth Comrade . 9 0 1 0 rades Dobson, Burrows, Winchevsky, and Shayer will S. Oliver . , 0 1 0 new steamers, from Messrs. Cramp of Philadelphia, address the meeting. Comrades Hyndman, Watts, and at a cost of 2,000,000 dols. each. These steamers, Marylebone Branch . . 0 2 0 Quelch are invited, and it is hoped they will attend. Card 50, E. de Fung, Turners’ Branch, he said, were expected to prove the fastest in the The meeting commences at 4 p.m. Alliance Cabinet Makers 0 3 4 world. W a l w o r t h .— The secretary of the Political Com­ Bow Branch , , 0 1 10 G ermany. mittee will be glad to receive the names of volunteers Levy • 0 2 0 Last Saturday saw the birth of a new German for canvassing. Canvassing will commence on Wed­ Socialist organ. It is a weekly, named the Sozial- nesday 14th inst., and those unable to attend on Wed­ nesdays will find comrades at the Club (back of 233, Mrs. Conway Bruce Glasier lectured for the Demokvati and will fill the place left vacant when Walworth Road) to supply them with books, on Fridays Aberdeen Branch on Sunday and Monday the 14th the old Sozial-Denioktat edited by Bernstein, ceased after 7 p.m.; Saturdays after 4 p.m.; and Mondays and 15th of January. The subject on Sunday night to appear on account of the repeal of the Anti- after 8, A meeting of Trade Unionists to hear Lans- was “ Socialism and Women,” and on Monday Socialist Law rendering it unnecessary for the bury will be held in the Walworth S.D. Club, Friday, night “ Liberty.” Both lectures were well attended, party organ to be published abroad. The new Feb. 16th. Will Thorne, Gasworkers' Union, in the and vastly appreciated by intelligent audiences. Sozial-Demokrat is edited by Max Schippel, the chair. The lecture on “ Liberty ” was acknowledged by Socialist deputy for Chemnitz. For the last three H e r b e r t B u r r o w s will lecture on “ The Foolishness of Anarchism," at the Autonomie Club, 6, Windmill all present to be one of the best ever delivered in years the publication of a weekly organ has been Street, Tottenham Court Road, W., on Wednesday, Aberdeen. Mrs. Glasier’s visit has been attended discussed by the German Social-Democratic Party Feb.1 1 th, at 8.15 p.m. Admission free. Discussion by most encouraging results, a number of sym­ at their congresses. invited. pathisers having since joined the branch. LABOUR COLONIES FOR THE In winter there is no afternoon meal, supper especially women, have been born, grown to UNEMPLOYED. taking its place at 5.30. The hours of work accord maturity, married, had children, and died in the with the seasons. colony. There are two classes of colonists, labourers 11. The above is a very uninviting diet, and it is and free farmers. The labourers are admitted on the The influence of the colonies on wages seem to be evident there is no encouragement given to recommendation of charitable associations in the cities. If infirm, the society which recommends of small account, and in Germany there is a labour. One feature which enforces its attention their admission is expected to pay a subsidy to unanimous opinion that they have no influence upon the visitor is the look of “ crushed hopeless- maintain them. upon the rate of wages. This view is borne out by ness ” of the men, “ the absence of individual There are only a few vacancies for labourers the fact that the efficiency of their labour is so low initiative and their general helplessness.” that they cannot successfully compete in the open Of late there has been an attempt to form every year. Each labourer’s family is housed in a separate cottage with a garden, and those of the market. But the writer of the report thinks that if “ Home Colonies,” in which separate cottages are family who are capable of labour, work upon the the colonies turned out annually large numbers of provided for each family on the Dutch model. At regenerate labourers they would successfully com­ first the applicants are housed in barracks and are colony farm, receiving wages at the rate of 8d. per day in winter, and is. per day in summer. The pete. But, as it happens, the colonies do not then promoted to u Home ” colonies. At present labourer rarely earns sufficient to support himself regenerate. there are but 12 families housed. The occupants and family till after he has been in the colony for There is nothing in the report to the effect that of these “ Home ” colonies are dealt with as hopeful two years. After five years of good conduct he the skill of the labourers is kept purposely at a low prisoners and labour colonists. may be promoted to the class of free farmer. point of efficiency, but there is no attempt on the There is also a kind of model lodging house The free farmers cultivate a small holding on a part of those responsible for the conduct of the which is superior to the English model. They life tenure. They pay rent to the colony, and labour colonies to raise the efficiency of the labour appear to be of an international character, extend- receive stock and seed on credit from it. If the of the members. The author, however, hardly ing to Switzerland, Holland, Denmark, and there free farmer misconducts himself he may be de- believes the German economic authorities in the are two in New York, one in Russia, and two in graded to the position of a labourer, or even dis­ statement that the colonies do not affect wages for London. The establishments are promoted by a missed. Should a free farmer die his widow may in the next paragraph dealing with “ the effect of German company. The capital invested is retain the holding if she can cultivate it or get one the colony system upon the regularity of employ­ £1,500,000, and the beds cost about £ 100. In 1890, of her family to help. Daughters by marrying a ment he states that while that class of labourers the Herbenger housed 3,200,000. O f these lodgers, free farmer or labourer sometimes inherit a farm, who seek the refuge of the colonies would find it 2,000,000 paid their own expenses in cash, 700,000 but none have a judicial right to their holdings and hard indeed to live were it not for the colonies, the worked for their maintenance, and 500,000 were can be expelled without compensation for improve­ apparent tendency is for the colonies, in common in regular employment at the Herbenger. The ments. * with other forms of relief, to diminish the relatively accommodation varies very much, but the larger A free farm consists of about 6J acres. For this high rates of wages in seasonal trades. of them contain a concert hall, a gymnasium, and the holder has to pay from £ 2 18s. to £ 6 5s. In the relation of the colonies to the markets for “ thoroughly comfortable sleeping rooms.” Beds They are supplied with a cow costing about £ 1o and goods it appears the inefficiency of the labour in vary from 21/4d. to 6d .; dinner 3d. to 41/2d.; soups, ryesowninland to the amount of four guineas, which the colonies is such that the local markets disregard 1 1/4 d .; bread and butter at proportionate rates. they are expected to repay at the rate of 12s. 6d. the amount of produce sent and look upon their T he men who make use of them appear to be the per annum. They market potatoes and butter. competition with equanimity. In the case of the wandering poor, the unskilled, and those who find Loans are given to assist the farmers, and their colonies in the cities it is said that brush-makers, themselves reduced through lack of employment. indebtedness on this account averages from £ 8 to toy makers, and others whose industries are inter­ Attached to these herbengers can often be found £ 40 per farm. No interest is charged on these fered with, look upon the colonies with no favour­ relief stations, which correspond to our English debts. able eye. Evidently, if an honest attempt was labour yard. These stations are maintained by Orphans and children of paupers are sent by made to improve the efficiency of the labour of the societies and public authorities. On one night in the Poor Law authorities to the colony and are colonists they would soon meet with opposition December, 1890, there were 9,216 accepting relief, boarded with the free farmers and colonists at the from the commercial classes. which is not a great number when we consider it rate of 4s. 2d. per week each. The children’s ages The report dealing with the extent to which the embraces the whole German empire. range from four to eight years. colonies cope with the evils caused by want of em­ In 1893 the total population of the colonies con­ ployment confesses that it is evident such evils are THE DUTCH COLONIES. sisted of 1,863, of which 214 were free farmers 91 only met to a modified extent. The result has e n a l o l o n i e s labourers, and 198 boarders. The numbers, it will been that the colonies have been filled not by P C . be seen, are not large and they increase but very those who suffer from want of employment pure little. and simple, but by those who suffer from some moral The first Dutch colony was founded in 1818 at or physical defect which render them undesirable Frederiksvord under the auspices of the Society of associates for those who have not fallen or who are Beneficence. The society evidently started with a REVIEW. not physically incapable. For this reason the boom, for within a year of its formation it German working man shuns the colonies. He consisted of 20,000 members and the annual sub­ SOCIALISM : WHAT IT IS, AND WHAT IT TEACHES . will not help to form the insignificant minority of scription reached £4.583. The society was founded by General Van den Bosch, who had acquired in The author of the above pamphlet has purposely avoided 25 in the society of 75 convicts, and it appears to going into the practical details of Socialism. This is a wise be the universal opinion that the regular working the Dutch East Indies a favourable impression of course to pursue when treating of general principles, and our man will have nothing to do with the colonies. the system of small holdings, and who had con­ author would have done well if he had adhered to the same In nearly all the agricultural colonies in ceived the design of placing the able-bodied method in the latter part of his paper in his criticisms on paupers of Holland on small holdings subject to a capitalist exchange. In his opening remarks he states that Germany the labour of the colonists is devoted to “ the work of Socialists is to educate and make converts, and the reclamation of the land. The methods em­ life rent. The colonies were started for the repres­ that it is no part of their business to make laws to regulate ployed are mostly very primitive, hand labour only sion of mendicity, for indigent persons and veterans, the lives of generations yet unborn." The latter part of this being employed. No doubt the land has been im­ for orphans and foundlings and for agricultural sentence contains a broad statement which to us appears to instruction. Various lands to the amount of require some qualification. Would not a compulsory work­ proved in value, but to what extent it is hard to say. ing eight-hour day by statute, further extension of the Fac­ The Berlin - city colony after six years from its 8,433 acres were bought for cultivation besides tory and Education Acts, and an Act giving free maintenance foundation sold at a large profit the greater part of 5,000 acres of heath land. The price of the land to children, considerably “ regulate the lives of generations varying from 22s. to 33s. per acre. The two most the land originally purchased. unborn" ? If so, what is comrade Derfel' s opinion upon their important colonies were the Beggar Colonies and advocacy by Socialists ? For his definition of Socialism Derfel WlLHELMSDORF COLONY. the Free Colonies. The society controlled the turns to his dictionary which pronounces Socialism to be “ a system which seeks to reconstruct society on the basis of The chief labour colony of Germany is Wilhelms- Beggar Colonies up to 1859, when the Government dorf, which is given as a type, and minute particulars community of interest and co-operation in labour for the took them over in order to relieve the society common good." He appears to favour this definition because of its management are given in the report. This from financial embarrassments. There are now it embraces Communism. Well, we never thought any Socialist colony employs never more than 400. The two penal colonies, one for men, one for women. was ashamed of the title. We trust all Social-Democrats are Communists, even if all Communists are notSocial-Democrats. efficiency of their labour in very low but there is The one for men at Veenhuizen contains about 2,700 a very significant paragraph in the report stating The author in his discourse appeals to the sentimental side in three districts of 900 persons each. All of them of his readers and does it very well. He also ably points out that “ under ordinary circumstances, and with the have been convicted of begging, and a large pro­ that when production is carried on for use there will be plenty aid of agricultural machinery, the farm of Wil- portion are confirmed beggars. Though treated of wealth for all. As he tersely puts it, “ our control over nature is such that we could in these islands feed, clothe, and helmsdorf could be worked by 30 men. As the as prisoners they enjoy a certain amount of freedom farms are worked at an annual deficit of only £ 35 house a population of at least a hundred millions of people, within the limits of the colony, and have a small without importation, by producing for use instead of for it is plain that if the Government chose to supply allowance made to them as wages, the unexpended sale." the colonies with proper industrial appliances and balance of which they receive on leaving. The In dealing with the capitalist methods of buying and expert superintendence the colonists could main- discipline under the society was severe, punishment selling, our friend falls into some common misconceptions tain themselves at a high standard of comfort. about exchange. For instance, he says, “ If the profit of by flogging and solitary confinement being imposed an article is 50 per cent, the man loses 50 per cent, when he The colonist is credited with a sum varying upon delinquents. The condition of the cells is buys it." How does he reconcile this with the fact that from five farthings to five pence per day, which is described as having been insanitary. The members commodities exchauge at equal value. If commodities paid to him when discharged. Generally, how­ exchange on an equality being sold at their cost of pro­ are still subject to strong discipline under the duction, then comrade Derfel’s statement is erroneous. Pro­ ever, he leaves the colony in debt, as the cost of Government. his clothes and his tobacco— which he has to pay for fit is but the appropriation of surplus-value. The consumer F r e e C o l o n i e s . suffers no loss no matter how much may be the profit so long — has more than swallowed up his surplus earnings. as the price does not exceed the cost of production. To dis­ The following will give an idea of the subsistence The free colonies are peasant life-renters, not cover the act of exploitation our comrade must dive deep into and hours of labour of the colonists. peasant proprietors as they have been described. the productive process and lay bare the relations between The distinction between the free colonist and a the buyer and seller of labour-force. In the morning they rise at 4 to 5.30 according Again, when the author condemns strikes we cannot to the season. They then have a breakfast consist­ farmer working under the ordinary conditions of endorse his statement that every strike for an advance of- ing of coffee, black bread, and beet jelly. They tenant farming lies simply in the circumstance that wages by one trade union would be a strike to reduce the. then attend short morning service at chapel, and the free farmer is entitled to rely upon the Society wages of all others, or that a l0 per cent, rise in wages means go to work till 8.30, when they have a second to make up any deficiency in his maintenance, a 10 perc ent. rise in prices. The above illustration savours too much of the old wage-fund theory discarded by Mill. A breakfast consisting of black bread, with lard, whereas the tenant farmer has no such resource. rise in wages need not disturb prices. The increase in cost butter, or cheese. At 12 they have dinner, consist­ The colonists are chiefly drawn from the unskilled of labour may be covered by an increase of the intensity of- ing of vegetables with potatoes, and have pig’s fat labourers in the cities and agricultural labourers. labour, by introduction of machinery, or by improved methods allowed three times a week. At half past three, There are on the colonies 400 peasants, 15 percent, in production. No doubt our friend will agree to this. Then why does he use illustrations which negate it ? the afternoon meal of coffee, bread and lard, takes of whom are illiterate. The average age of entry is The second half of the pamphlet is an interesting conver­ place, which is carried to the fields. At 8 they have 40 years, although a few enter at an earlier age. The sation between a Socialist and a trade unionist on “ Strikes," a supper of milk, or rice or pea soup, potatoes, and children of the colonists are sent to situations out­ —A. P H . herrings occasionally. side the colony when they grow to maturity. Many, * By R. J. Derfel, publisher, Manchester. A FEW FACTS Canning Town, High Street, Plaistow, 8 p.m. LECTURE DIARY. Marylebone and Paddington, 369. Edgware Road, ABOUT Social-D emocratic Federation. at 8.30, discussion class. Thursday, Feb. 15. Women’s W ork and W ages in England, LONDON. Clerkenwell Green (open-air), 8 p.m. Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Saturday, Feb. 10. Kentish Town, outside " Mother Shipton,’’ Prince S D F. Central Hall, 337, Strand, W.C., at 8 p.m., of Wales Road (open-air) at 8 p.m. By E nid Stacy. H. M. Hyndman, Socialist Economics. III.— Walworth, New Church, 213, Wal worth Road, 8.15, Surplus Value. Admission 3d. Mrs. Thornton Smith, The Dream of Socialism. At a finishing department in Dairy the women are employed Bow and Bromley, Knapp Road, Bow (open-air), Friday, Feb. 16. at finishing vests at 7d. a day. This needs no comment. At at 8..30. Battersea Branch, Sydney Hall, 36, York Road, Port Glasgow the workers in the rope spinning and sail cloth Borough Road Polytechnic Economic Club, at 8 Battersea, at 8.30, Discussion Class open to all weaving trade get on an average 9s. a week. On this head the p.m. Admission by syllabus, obtainable at Insti­ members of the S.D.F. tute door. Bermondsey, outside Christchurch (open-air), at report runs: “ They complained of the difficulty in making a Canning Town, Beckton Road, 7.30; High 8 p.m. living owing to the low rate of wages, but, with the exception of Street, Plaistow, 7.30, Hackney, Well Street (outside Busge’s Factory) at the defective sanitary arrangements in their factory already Hyde Park, near Marble Arch (open-air), at 6.30 p.m. 8.30. alluded to, they stated that they had no other grievances. Kensal Town, Levell’s Coffee Rooms, Carlton Kentish Town, Obelisk, bottom of Weedingtcn Bridge, Westbourne Park. Road (open-air), at 8 p.m. They gave a very good report of their firm and of the latter’s Kentish Town, outside" Rose and Thistle," Queen’s Mile End Waste (open-air), 8 p.m. •desire to study the welfare of their workers.” I think this unique Crescent (open-air), 8 p.m. Poplar, Bury Street, Millwall, at 8 p.m. in its way. The women had no grievances except (1) that the Mile End waste (open-air), at 8 p.m. West Islington, Charlotte Street (open-air), at 8 sanitary arrangements precluded cleanliness and decency; (2) North Kensington, Tavistock Crescent, Portobello p.m. Road (open air), at 8.30 p.m. Whitechapel, “ Duke of Clarence,” Commercial that they couldn’t make a living! They need not trouble them­ Wimbledon, Liberty Hall, 14, Hartfield Road, at Road and Greenfield Street, 8 p.m. selves I should imagine to accumulate any more grievances! 8 p.m., A. J. Penny, Church and State. Strangely enough those two would be quite sufficient for me. It Sunday, Feb. 11. is refreshing to learn that the firm “ studied the welfare” of their Social Democratic Federation, the Hall,337, Strand, PROVINCES. workers. Insanitation and semi-starvation being amongst these W.C.. at 8 p.m., H. R. G. Gogay (St. Saviour’s Saturday, Feb. 10. proofs of their thoughtfulness and generosity. It makes one Guardians), Some Anomalies of the Poor Law. Aberdeen, Castle Street (open-air) at 8 p.m. Battersea Park, South-east Gates (open-air), at Todmorden, Market Place (open-air), at 3.30 and rather hopeless on reading such words. If semi-starvation and 11.3 0 ; Prince’s Head (open-air), 6.30, Sydney bad surroundings will not make women discontented, what will ? 7.30, Hall, 36, York Road, Battersea, at 8 p.m., Sunday, Feb 11. A propos of sanitation I find that 43 out of 93 factories visited George Lansbury, The Poor Law: How it is Aberdeen, Market Street (open-air),at 3 p.m. Trade were gravely deficient in this respect. Administered and How it Should be Ad­ Council Hall, Belmont Street, at 6.30., a lecture. ministered. Ashton- in- Maker field. (c) The textile industries of the North of Scotland. This Bermondsey, Branch Rooms, 31, Bermondsey heading comprises the workers chiefly in the jute, flax spinning Barrowford Socialist Hall, 3 and 6.30p.m,, Eleanor Square, at 8 p.m., a lecture. Aveling. and linen trades, centred in such towns as Dundee, Arbroath, Bethnal Green, Morley Coffee Tavern, 183, Mare Bolton, Town Hall Square (open-air), 3 and 7.30., Montrose, Brechin, Forfar, &c. These trades are almost entirely Street, Hackney, at 8 p.m., a lecture. J. E. Broadbent. Bow and Bromley, Victoria Park (open-air), 11.30. Burnley, St. James’s Hall, 3 and 6.30, Miss carried on by women. The chief consideration here is naturally Camberwell, Social-Democratic Club, 208, Cam­ the wages. Undoubtedly the money wages have decreased, and McMillan; Burnley Wood Socialist Club, off berwell Road, at 8 p.m., W. G, Pearson, Anar­ Branch Road (opposite Board School), at 11 a.m., I am not at all sure whether the decrease is not real as well as chism and Social-Democracy. a lecture; Burnley Lane Socialist Club, Bell’s nominal. It is true the cost of most commodities has decreased Canning Town, Beckton Road (open-air), at 11.30 Arcade, 11 a.m., a lecture. а.m .; Green Gate, at 11.30; Byford’s Temperance 52 11.30 6 30 also, but with two notable exceptions— meat and house rent. In Stores, 144, Barking Road, at 8 p.m., Agnes Blackburn, , Victoria Street, and . , the Dundee jute trade from ’73 to ’92 there have been 10 ad­ J. W. Leech. Henry, The Criminal and the Idler, and How to Bristol Socialist Society, Horsefair (open-air), at vances of 5 per cent. =50 per cent., more than counterbalanced Treat Them. 11 a.m .; Shepherds Hall, at 7.30. by 13 reductions of 5 per cent., and one of 2 1/2 per cent., making a Chelsea Embankment (open-air), at 11.30, Branch. Bury, Club Room, 15, Hay market Street, 3 and Clapham Common, near Band Stand (open-air), 6.30., S. J. Bardsley. total of 671/2 per cent., or a net reduction since 1872 of 17 1/2 per at 3.30, Branch. cent. The average weekly wage from 1873 to 1883 was Birmingham, Gosta Green, 11 a.m.; Bull Ring, Clerkenwell, Garnault Place (open-air), at 11,30. 6.30 p.m. xos. 10 1/2 d., but during the last 10 years it has been 10s. 0 3/4d. In Edmonton, comer of Angel Road (open-air), at Chorley, Public Hall, Mealhouse Lane, 3 and the linen trade there has however been a rise. There the 6.30. p.m. 6.30 p.m., lectures, weaver’s average wage is 13s. 3d; winders’, 17s. id. Finsbury Park, Manor House Gates (open-air), at Colne, (open-air) at 2.30 and 6.30. 11.30, ; near Band Stand, 3.30; Alexandra Coffee Darlington Fabian Society, Market Steps (open-air) Tables are given with particulars concerning wages and con­ Tavern, 349, Hornsey Road, at 8.30, discussion, ditions in 18 jute mills of Dundee, and 14 linen, flax spinning, at 6.30 p.m. Should the County Council House the Workers ? Darwen, Market Ground (open-air), 3.30 and 6.30* jute and linen mills, from which I gather: Average weaver’s Hampstead Heath, near Whitestone Pond (open Dundee, foot of Bonnethill (open-air), at 2 p.m .; wage 13s. 91/2d; spinner’s, 10s. 8d. air). 7.30. Commercial Street (open-air), 6.30. Harlesden, High Street (open-air), at 11.30. Eccles Cross (open-air), at 6.30. p.m.,E. H. Parkin­ The sanitary accomodation compares generally rather favour­ Highgate, Parliament Hill, 11.30., and 6.30. ably with other places. Thus of the 32 mills the sanitation and son. Hyde Park, near Marble Arch, at 11.3 0 ; near Edinburgh Scottish Socialist Federation, Meadows ventilation is good in 13 ; fair in II ; bad in 6 ; very bad in 2. the Serpentine, 7, (open-air), 6.30. The workers have a particular grievance in the trade known as Hoxton Church (open-air), 11.30. Glasgow, Jail Square (open-air), at 2 and 6 p.m. Kennington, Albert Embankment (open-air), at Harmonic Hall,8, Watson Street, Gallowgate, at the premium system or payment for what is known as “ over- 11.30 a.m. spin,” or production beyond a certain amount. This has the 7, Matabeleland, by a Comrade who has been Kensal Green, The Old Plough, Kilburn Lane there. effect of overdriving the workers, and advantage is constantly (open-air), at 11.30; Levell’s Coffee Rooms, Grays, High Street (open-air), 11.30 and 7. taken of it to lower the rate of wages. Its results upon the Carlton Bridge, Westbourne Park at 8 p.m., Great Harwood Social-Democratic Club, Water E. B. Aveling, Socialism and Political Action. Street, at 2.45 and 6 p.m., J. Hempsall. children, half-timers, are especially bad, as they are overworked Kentish Town Branch, 36, Prince of Wales Crescent, and subjected often to bad language or even blows on the part of Hanley (the Potteries), Market Square (open- N.W., at 8. p.m., D. Campbell, First Steps in air), at 11 a.m.; Joiners Square (open air). 11.30 the overseer. The half-time system is a great evil in Dundee. Constructive Socialism. Heywood (open-air), at 11 a.m. There were in 1890 in this city alone 3,300 children under 13 in Lambeth, Savile Place, Lambeth Walk (open-air) Leeds, Vicar’s Croft (open-air), at 11.15. the mills. The effects on their health both mental and bodily at 11.30. Leicester, Labour Club, Belgrave Gate, at 6.30 p m, Mile End Waste (open-air), at 11.16 a.m., Leigh (open-air). are undoubtedly bad, but I fear it will not be the parents who Branch; King's Arms, Mile End Road, at 8 p.m., will be the ones to try to alter an iniquitous system. On this Leith, Leith Links (open-air); Herbert Burrows, The Recent Labour Congress Liverpool, Islington Square (open-air), 7.30. p.m.; point Miss Irwin says, “ I am inclined to think, with regard to in Chicago. Club Room, 22, Canterbury Street, 8.30. the workers expression of opinion on this point (health) and of New Southgate (open-air), at 6.30., Nelson S.D.F. Club Rooms,North Street at 3 and North Kensington, Latimer Road Station (open- 6.30., W. K. Hall. the employment of children that so much must be discounted air),at 11.30; Clarendon Coffee Palace, Clarendon from its accuracy as to its injurious effects owing to their obvious Newcastle (Staffs) Crown Bank, Silverdale (open- Road, Notting Hill, at 8 p.m., Mr. St. John, air), at 11 a.m. ; The Cross (open-air) at 7 p.m. apprehension as to anything being done which would limit their (N.S.S.). Malthusianism. Northampton, Market Square (open-air), at 11.30 wage-earning opportunities. Poverty makes the wages question Peckham, Triangle, Rye Lane, (open-air), at and 6.30., the absolutely first consideration.” I fear this is putting the 11.30; Pioneer Hall, 40a, Peckham Rye, at North Salford Branch, opposite Blackfriars Baths 8 p.m., H. B. Rogers, Why I am a Social-Demo­ (open-air), at 11 a.m., J. Tungate. truth none too strongly. Nothing was more discreditable to crat. Nottingham Branch, Sneinton Market (open-air), Lancashire operatives than the opposition offered by them Poplar, Stainsby Road, Limehonse, (open-air) at 11 a.m. against raising the age limit of half-timers. 11.30. Oldham, Tommy field, (open-air) at 3 and 6.30 p.m., Rotherhithe, Southwark Park (open-air), at 11.30. W. Leech. The linen manufacture is carried on both in the North of Tottenham, end of Seven Sisters Road, High Road Ireland, with Belfast as its centre, and in the south of the Padiham, S.D.F. Club, Webster’s Buildings, at 3 Tottenham (open-air), 11.30 a.m., branch; and 6 30 p.m., J. Stansfield. country. Miss Orme and Miss Abraham have gathered statistics Branch Rooms, 6, Broad Lane, Page Green, S. Rawtenstall (open-air), at 2.30, and 6.30, J. W. concerning the wages of the women employed and the effect of Tottenham, at 8 p.m., a lecture. Leach. the industry upon health. As one might expect, wages in the Walworth, East Lane, near Board Schools (open- Reading, Cemetery Gates (open-air), at 3 ; Branch air), 11.30; Penrose Street (open-air), 8 p.m. Rooms, 42A, Kings Road, 7 p.m. North are higher than those in the South of Ireland. In Belfast Wandsworth, Buckholt Road, opposite the Town the wages of weavers are from 7s. to 16s., and of spinners from Rochdale, Town Hall Square (open-air), 11, 3, and Hall (open-air), 11.30; East Hill (open-air), 6.30, Tom Hurley; Smallbridge (open-air), 11 a.m. 5s. 9d. to 9s. 6d., but only a very few women get the highest rate. at 7.30. Sheffield, Monolith (open-air), 11.3 0 ; S.D.F. Club, In the South it is even worse. Weavers get 6s. to 15s., and Wood Green, Jolly Butchers Hill (open-air), at Pond Hill, 7 p.m., a lecture. 11.30 a.m. South Salford, Trafford Bridge (open-air), at 11, spinners from 4s. to 8s. 6d. Woollen fabrics are made in the Walthamstow, Lea Bridge Road, corner of Shern- Dublin and Meath district, the wage for weavers ranging from H. R. Taylor ; S.D.F. Club, 43, Trafford Road, hall Street (open-air), at 11.30 ; Markhouse 3 p.m.. H. B. Taylor, The Unemployed and the 11 30 5s. to 18s. (in rare instances), that for spinners being 5s. to 14s. Common (open air), . ; Workmen’s Hall, Laud Question; at 7 p m., H. R. Taylor, Social­ The wage of the poplin weaver is 9s. to 22s., but the women are High Street, Walthamstow, at 7.30 p.m., a ism and Political Parties. always unemployed for about four months in the year. But lecture. Southampton, The Avenue (open-air), at 3 Kings West Islington, Charlotte Street (open-air), at land Place, South Front, at 6.30. Irish women do not only suffer from low wages, they are unor­ 11.30 2 a.m.; Bemerton Hall, , Bemerton Street, Swansea. Quay Parade (open-air), 11.30. ganised, and consequently suffer much from heavy fines and Copenhagen Street, at 8 p.m., Miss D. Martin, 11 30 Woman: Her Position. Todmorden, Market Place (open-air), . . •tyrannical treatment. Here are a few instances. In one mill— Tunbridge Wells, Branch meeting, 10, Dorking with a heated atmosphere— the women have been known to be Wimbledon Common (open-air) 3.30. Road, 7 p.m. Tuesday, Feb. 13. fined 2s. 6d. for getting a drink of water, and 6d. and Is. fines Wigan, Old Market Place (open-air), at 3 p.m. The Hall of the S.D.F., 337, Strand, W.O., at Isabel Tiplady. for talking are frequent. They suffer much from fines for faults 8 p.m;. General Council Meeting. Monday, Feb. 12. in the cloth, many of which are entirely outside their control on Bow and Bromley, Wansbeck Road, 8.30. Birmingham, Trades’ Hall, Sherlock Street East, account of bad material, &c. Thus : Hoxton Church (open-air), at 8.30. 8 p.m, s. d. d. Mile End, corner of Philpot Street (open-air), at Swansea, Quay Parade (open-air), at 7.30 ; Coins In 22 hours a 10 8 p.m. seum Hotel at 8 p.m. woman earned I and was paid 4 Wednesday, Feb. 14. Thursday, Feb. 15. " 54 " 2 8 " 8 Borough Polytechnic Parliament,Social-Democratic Bristol Socialist Society, Bedminster Group (open- " IO i f " 1 41/2 " " 7 1/2 Party, Room 33, at 8 p.m; air), at 8 p.m. 8 Bow and Bromley, 193, Bow Road, E., Economic Dundee, High Street, in front of Clydesdale Bank " " " I 4i " " nothing One cannot well get below this. Class. (open-air) at 8 p.m. Camberwell, outside Vestry Hall (open-air), at Leicester, Wigstone, 8 p.m. TO BE CONTINUED. 8 p.m. Llanelly, People’s Park (open-air), 6.30.