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Food Loss Analysis for GRAPES Value Chains in Egypt

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Food Loss Analysis for GRAPES Value Chains in Egypt 2021 Food loss analysis for GRAPES value chains in Egypt Food loss analysis for GRAPES value chains in Egypt Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Cairo, 2021 Required citation: FAO. 2021. Food losss analysis for grapes value chains in Egypt. Cairo. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4676en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 6-134402-5-92-978 © FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Cover photograph: ©FAO Contents Executive summary viii 1. Background 1 2. Value chain of grapes 1 2.1. Overview 1 3. Case study: Nubaria 8 3.1. Value chain map and actors in Nubaria 9 3.2. Fresh grapes marketing 13 3.3. Fresh grapes export 14 3.4. Processing and value addition 17 3.5. The role of women in the grapes value chain 20 4. Conclusions of value chain analysis 23 5. Food loss assessment: approach and methodology 24 5.1. Definitions and approach 24 5.2. Survey methodology 26 5.3. Sampling methodology 26 6.Food loss assessment: survey and sampling findings 28 6.1. Farm level harvesting survey 28 6.2. Wholesale market survey 30 6.3. Retail market survey 31 6.4. Sampling results 31 7. Conclusions of food loss analysis 34 8. Recommended actions 38 9. References 40 Appendix I Pictures of grape varieties mentioned in this study 44 Appendix II Screening literature 45 Appendix III. 2016 thompson and 2017 flame food loss sampling results 48 Appendix IV Grape defects contributing to qualitative and quantitative food loss as per table 8 50 ii ii Figures Figure 1: Value of agricultural production of grapes compared to other top fruit crops 2 Figure 2: Distribution of grape production volumes by governorate 4 Figure 3: Grapes and table grapes global share of production, 2014 7 Figure 4: Grapes production and consumption in Egypt during the period 2005-2015 7 Figure 5: Input cost shares per feddan 8 Figure 6: Farmers sources of inputs in Nubaria 11 Figure 7: Grapes value chain map in Nubaria 12 Figure 8: Wholesale market: suppliers and customers at the main 3 wholesale markets for grapes 13 Figure 9: Methods of selling grape production based on the survey done in Nubaria 14 Figure 10: Main destinations for Egyptian grapes in 2015 14 Figure 11: Export share of total grape production, 2001 to 2016 15 Figure 12: Average monthly exports, 2014-2016, USD millions 15 Figure 13: Egyptian fresh grape exports, USD millions, 2005- 2016 16 Figure 14: Prospects for grape exports in 2017 17 Figure 15: Imported and exported amount of grapes juice 18 Figure 16: Raisin production steps 18 Figure 17: Raisin imports, 2005- 2016 19 Figure 18: Description of the grapes value chain – social structures 21 Figure 19: FAO methodology concept 25 Figure 20: Main problems in grapes farming as identified by farmers in the survey 29 Figure 21: The relation between grapes loss in the wholesale markets and the delay in selling 30 according to wholesale respondents Figure 22: Grapes loss type’s estimates in packing house 33 Figure 23: Defects percentage of raisin samples in comparison to maximum allowances as per 33 CODEX standard 67 (1981) Figure 24: Similarities in the patterns for food losses between flame and thompson seedless varieties 34 iii Tables Table 1: Nutrient content of grapes 2 Table 2: Selected table grape varieties in Egypt 3 Table 3: Total area and production volume of grapes in each governorate in Egypt in 2016 6 Table 4: Major districts that produce grapes in Nubaria 8 Table 5: Profit margin for 1 Kg of raisin 20 Table 6: SWOT analysis for grape subsector in Egypt 23 Table 7: Screening results of fresh grapes losses points from Nubaria 26 Table 8: Grape defects on individual berries and associated loss 27 Table 9: Percent farm-level grapes losses according to farmers surveyed 28 Table 10: Suggested solutions for marketing problems at farm level 29 Table 11: Marketing problems related to loss at the wholesale markets 30 Table 12: Proposed solutions for problems at wholesale markets 31 Table 13: Loss defects and their percentages at different stages for thompson seedless grapes in 2017 31 Table 14: Percentage loss results based on survey and sampling at 3 critical points in grapes value 34 chain in Nubaria Table 15: Food loss causes and solutions at the farm level 35 Table 16: Food loss causes and solutions at the wholesale level 36 Table 17: Food loss causes and solutions at the retail level 36 Table 18: Categories of grapes value chain constraints for small-scale growers 37 iv Acknowledgements The report “Food Loss Analysis for Grapes Value Chains in Egypt” was prepared for the FAO Representation in Egypt under the project “Food Loss and Waste Reduction and Value Chain Development for Food Security in Egypt and Tunisia” generously funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. The study was undertaken jointly by teams from the Agricultural Economic Research Institute (AERI) and Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agriculture Research Centre in Egypt (ARC) in summer 2016, with a second round of food loss data collected in 2017. FAO technical officers and consultants provided substantive inputs, under the overall technical guidance of Jozimo Santos Rocha, Regional Agro-Industry Officer (Agribusiness and Value Chains). Technical analysis of food loss (HRI, ARC) Samar Shaarawi (Research Team Leader), Ismael Emam, Ahmed Abd el Nabi, and Sondos Mohammed. Economic survey analysis (AERI, ARC) Dalia Yassin (Research Team Leader), Al Sayed Abdel Moteleb, Nasser Hamam, Rania Naguib, Ahmed Ragab, and Hanan Makaram. FAO technical inputs Irene Margaret Xiarchos, Mariam Ghamrawy, Jennifer Smolak, Rashad Aziz Hegazy, Laura De Matteis, and Mohamed El Ansary. Additional contributions Hala Chahine for technical review and edits, and all the grapes value chain actors, experts, and project beneficiaries who made their time available for consultations and peer review. v v Abbreviations and acronyms AERI Agriculture Economic Research Institute CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics CLP Critical Loss Point EU European Union FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GAP Good agricultural practices HORECA Syllabic abbreviation for Hotel/Restaurant/Café HRI Horticulture Research Institute IFAD The International Fund for Agricultural Development ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas LLP Low Loss Point MALR Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation MENA East and North Africa OIV International Organisation of Vine TSS Total soluble solids UN-Comtrade United Nations Comtrade Database USDA United States Department of Agriculture vi vi Executive summary The current work analyzes the value chain and presents a food loss assessment for grapes in Nubaria District, as part of the project “Food Loss and Waste Reduction and Value Chain Development for Food Security in Egypt and Tunisia” implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) with funding from the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation.
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