Southern African Development Community Vol. 6 No. 3 August 2003

From Luanda to Dar es Salaam: SADC’s 23rd Summit by Munetsi Madakufamba

hen SADC leaders met last ile, has markedly improved with the the number in need of food aid in the year at the annual summit in transitional government now in place region at six million. WLuanda, Angola, the region and the stage set for multi-party elec- HIV and AIDS, which has topped the was celebrating the return to peace in tions. It is expected that current hostil- SADC agenda in recent years, is anoth- the host country. President José ities in the east of the country should er issue that President dos Santos prom- Eduardo dos Santos in his speech as cease, especially given that the leaders ised to give high priority to. A special new SADC chairperson outlined his of the warring parties have accepted summit was convened in Maseru in July vision for his one-year term at the and taken up their positions in the under his chair. A landmark declaration helm of the 14-member organisation transitional government. was adopted and signed by all member and predicted that the region would be In Angola, peace continues to take states. (See pages 4 and 5 for excerpts of more peaceful by the next summit. root, with government now raising the declaration). From 19-27 August 2003, the United resources for a general election. The restructuring of SADC institu- Republic of Tanzania will host the 23th Although peace in the enclave of tions, which started in 2001, is nearing annual SADC Summit of Heads of Cabinda is still delicate, the stability in completion, with all directorates hav- State and Government, at the Golden the other 17 provinces from Zaire in the ing been formally established at the Tulip Hotel with the official opening north to Cunene in the south should Secretariat in Botswana. The direc- and closing ceremonies at the Diamond enable the government to devote more torates, four in total, are the new struc- Jubilee Hall (once the seat of parlia- energy to the volatile oil-rich province. tures representing 21 sectors previous- ment). Officials from the 14 SADC Food security, a major worry as at ly coordinated by member states. member states will meet first, then the last summit, has significantly The Regional Indicative Strategic Ministers, and finally the Heads of State improved. As of end of 2002, nearly Development Plan, the 15-year blue- and Government from 25 to 26 August. 15 million people in six countries Ð print which spells out the implementa- More than 700 delegates are expected. Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, tion framework of the restructured As he hands over the chair to Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe Ð organisation, is being finalised with Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa, were at high risk of starvation. member states having reviewed the President dos Santos can point at a However, improved rainfall and working document adopted by Council number of positive developments dur- swift responses and measures undertak- at a meeting in Luanda in March 2003. ing the last 12 months. en by individual countries, the region, With all its structures and institu- The situation in the Democratic the UN and other agencies, saved the tions in place, the new SADC should Republic of Congo, though still frag- situation. Recent assessments now put be able to better deal with the chal- lenges that the region is facing, and feed into and from the emerging New AU Commissioners African Union. ❒

Portfolios Elected Gender Country SADC women in the AU Commission

Chairperson Alpha Konare Male Mali Ms Bience Philomina Gawanas is a lawyer by Deputy Chairperson Patrick Mazimhaka Male Rwanda profession and is currently Ombudswoman in Namibia. She is a former gender law lecturer and Peace and Security Said Djinnit Male Algeria High Court Advocate. She holds a Masters in Political Affairs Julia Dolly Joiner Female The Gambia Business Administration and sits on boards of Infrastructure and Energy Bernard Zoba Male Congo several local and regional organisations. Social Affairs Bience Gawanas Female Namibia Human Resources, Ms Rosebud Kurwijila is an agriculturalist with Science and Technology Saida Agrebi Female Tunisia a MSc in Agricultural Economics and a MPhil in Development Economics. She has served in the Trade and Industry Elisabeth Tankeu Female Cameroon Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture for 12 years in Rural Economy Rosebud Kurwijila Female United Republic senior management positions and she is also a and Agriculture of Tanzania university lecturer. Economic Affairs To be appointed Male Southern Africa (see AU page 3) INSIDE

❒ Policy Review: Challenges for new AU leadership 3 Southern African Development Community Vol. 6 No. 3 August 2003 ❒ Finance Ministers Meeting 7 SADC TODAY is produced by the Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC) six ❒ Country profile: United times a year on behalf of the SADC Republic of Tanzania 8 Secretariat in Gaborone, Botswana. Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official positions and opinions of the ❒ Personality profile: Mkapa 8 SADC Secretariat or SARDC. Materials from this newsletter may be reproduced HIV and AIDS Summit 4 freely by the media and others with attri- ❒ World Congress on Protected bution to SADC TODAY. Areas in South Africa 12 ©SADC, SARDC, 2003 ❒ DRC Peace Process 12 Editorial Committee Chipo Muvezwa, Chengetai Madziwa, Chenai Mufanawejingo, Phyllis Johnson, ❒ Defence and Security Bonifacio Antonio, Clever Mafuta, Ministers Meeting 12 Pamela Mhlanga, Khulekani Madlela

Editorial Advisors ❒ Community Building: Esther Kanaimba Head of SADC Public Relations Youth Parliament 13 Petronilla Ndebele SADC Information Officer Oil Industry 6 ❒ Around the Region: Editor News Briefs 14 Munetsi Madakufamba ❒ Design & Layout/DTP Book review & recent Tonely Ngwenya publications 15

Origination/Printing DS Print Media, South Africa ❒ SADC diary, public holidays & currency checklist 16 Contributions are welcome from individu- als and organisations within the SADC region in the form of articles, news items, and comments, and also from outside the region. The publishers reserve the right to Investment 7 select or reject items and edit for space available.

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SADC TODAY SADC Today is available through an annual sub- Southern African Research and scription fee. For six issues a year, the fee is Documentation Centre (SARDC) US$60 for outside Africa, US$35 for rest of Africa 15 Downie Avenue, Belgravia, and US$30 for SADC. Your subscription will P.O. Box 5690, Harare, Zimbabwe enable you to receive the newsletter by airmail or Tel: 263.4.791141 email. Fax: 263.4.791271 mail:[email protected] For more details on subscriptions, please contact Web:http://www.sardc.net the Editor. Kaunda on MDGs 10

2 SADC TODAY, August 2003 POLICY REVIEW continent

Enormous task ahead for new AU leadership by Munetsi Madakufamba

he African Union (AU) African Investment The protocol establish- Commission, the most pivotal Bank are yet to be ing the Peace and Securi- Tstructure of the union created at approved. ty Council requires a the second ordinary summit in The AU’s flagship simple majority ratifica- Maputo, Mozambique in July, has project, the New tion by 27 countries for it given the organisation new impetus Partnership for Africa’s to come into force and vital in getting its remaining structures Development only 17 had done so Ferhat and various projects up and running. (NEPAD) will be by the end of the The immediate task for cautiously integrat- summit. Mozambican President Joaquim ed into the union Africa needs the Chissano, the new AU Chairperson, over a three-year council to deal with and the commissioners, is to juggle period. NEPAD, conflicts in Burundi, between operationalising the union which is the frame- the Central African and making sure that Africa’s host of work for revatilis- Republic, Demo-

socio-economic and political chal- ing Afri-can Ferhat cratic Republic of lenges receive urgent attention. economies and Congo, Sudan and Zimbabwe’s President Robert extricating its citizens others. As President Mugabe was elected as one of the five out of poverty, has been Chissano said, there can- regional vice-chairpersons. And for- operating as a semi- not be investment without mer Malian President Alpha Oumar autonomous programme peace. Konare will head the Commission with a Secretariat in Despite being richly with his deputy Rwanda’s Patrick Pretoria, South Africa, Mukuzunga endowed with natural Mazimhaka and seven commissioners while the rest of the AU African heads of state and govern- resources and unparal- Ð five of them women in line with the institutions are in Addis ment at the J. Chissano leled agricultural poten- Convention Centre in Maputo, gender-sensitive AU constitution Ð Ababa. venue of the AU Summit, and tial, many African coun- completing the team appointed by the Since its adoption in Amara Essy, outgoing AU tries have been con- assembly. October 2001, NEPAD Commission interim chairperson. demned to extreme The commissioners represent the has received interna- poverty, disease and five regions of Africa and one, still to tional support from countries and hunger often due to either externally be appointed, will come from southern institutions such as the Group of Eight or self-induced conflicts and wars. Africa. Each one of them takes up a Industrialised Countries and the UN. Increasingly, the world is calling on specific area such as peace and securi- South African President Thabo Africa to be at the forefront of solving ty or economic affairs. They will take Mbeki, who chaired the AU for the first its complex problems, among them up their posts in Addis Ababa, year after the inaugural assembly in conflicts, HIV and AIDS, food insecu- Ethiopia, in September. Durban, criticised his colleagues for not rity and other socio-economic chal- Launched last year in South moving fast enough in ratifying the lenges. And the continent is looking Africa’s port city of Durban -- taking Peace and Security Council. Modelled up to the new AU leadership for sup- over from the political-focused on the UN Security Council, the organ port and guidance. Organisation of African Unity (OAU) will serve as a collective security and For President Chissano, it may be a -- the economic-centred AU set out to early warning arrangement, to facilitate tall order but certainly not an impossi- form new organs and institutions vital prompt responses to conflicts and crisis ble task for a leader who has success- for its future success. The situations in Africa. fully steered his own country out of a Commission Ð the engine room of the The Security Council will be sup- bloody conflict, social and economic AU Ð becomes one of the most impor- ported by the Commission, which runs slump, to a peaceful democracy and tant institutions to be established. union affairs on a day-to-day basis, as investor-friendly nation. Other institutions and structures well as the yet to be created panel of the His leadership of the AU will be such as the African Peer Review wise, a continental early warning sys- crucial for the next 12 months before Mechanism, Pan-African Parliament, tem, an African standby force and a spe- he hands over the chair at the next African Court of Justice and the cial fund. summit in Addis Ababa. ❒

SADC TODAY, August 2003 3 CURRENT ISSUES health

Maseru Declaration on HIV and AIDS, 4 July 2003

SADC heads of state and government signed a landmark declaration on combating HIV and AIDS. Recognising that HIV and AIDS is a key objective and top priority for SADC, the leaders hailed ongoing efforts at the regional, continental and global levels. While acknowledging the magnitude of the pandemic, the leaders agreed that the situation is reversible through multi- sectoral strategies that involve partnerships with all stakeholders. Below is an excerpt from the declaration.

…DECLARE the following as the infection, principally through the community, health care providers, priority areas requiring our urgent provision of health care and health traditional health practitioners, attention and action: services, including for sexual and nutritionists and educators as well reproductive health and through as integrating HIV and AIDS edu- G Prevention and Social prevention education that promotes cation in both the ordinary and Mobilisation by: gender equality within a culturally extra curricula at all levels of edu- a) Reinforcing multi-sectoral pre- and gender sensitive framework; cation, including primary and sec- vention programmes aimed at d) Promoting and strengthening pro- ondary education; strengthening family units and grammes for the youth aimed at g) Putting in place national strategies upholding appropriate cultural creating opportunities for their to address the spread of HIV among values, positive behavioural education, employment and self- national uniformed services, includ- change and promoting responsible expression, and reinforcing pro- ing the armed forces, and consider sexual behaviour; grammes to reduce their vulnera- ways of using personnel from these b) Intensifying the provision of com- bility to alcohol and drug abuse; services to strengthen awareness prehensive, affordable and user- e) Rapidly scaling up the pro- and prevention initiatives. friendly reproductive health serv- grammes for the Prevention of ices to youths, men and women Mother-to-Child Transmission of G Improving Care, Access to and ensuring that essential com- HIV, and ensuring that levels of Counselling and Testing Services, modities such as male and female uptake are sufficient to achieve Treatment and Support by: condoms are made available; the desired public health impact; a) Strengthening health care systems, c) Strengthening initiatives that would (f) Scaling up the role of education especially public health; increase the capacities of women and information in partnership b) Strengthening family and commu- and adolescent girls to protect with all key stakeholders includ- nity based care as well as support themselves from the risk of HIV ing the youth, women, parents, the to orphans and other vulnerable children; c) Facilitating the expansion of workplace programmes on HI- V/AIDS prevention and manage- ment among all levels of the work- force, supported by appropriate policy and legal frameworks; d) Development of service and caring capacity among all people caring for the HIV and AIDS infected per- sons, including the home based care providers, as well as upgrading of diagnostic and related technologies; e) Expanding access to voluntary counselling and testing; (f) Preventing and removing stigma, silence, discrimination, and denial which continue to hamper and undermine HIV control efforts, President’s Office - Zim Office President’s particularly, towards the people AT THE HIV AND AIDS SUMMIT IN MASERU, LESOTHO: (L to R) President dos Santos, host Prime Minister living with HIV and AIDS; Mosisili, King Letsie III, Presidents Mugabe and Mogae.

4 SADC TODAY, August 2003 CURRENT ISSUES health

g) Putting in place national legisla- d) Mainstreaming and factoring HIV organisations, the pri- tion and regional legal regimes to and AIDS in our regional integra- vate sector, organ- ensure the availability of technolo- tion process and focal intervention ised labour and gies and drugs at affordable prices areas, particularly in the areas of business to con- for treatment, including bulk pur- trade liberalisation, infrastructure tribute towards chasing of drugs and manufactur- development, food security, social financing HIV ing of generic medicines in the and human development; and AIDS pro- region; d) Evaluating the economic and grammes; h) Increasing access to affordable social impact of the HIV and e) Establishing simpli- essential medicines, including AIDS epidemic and developing fied mec-hanisms ARVs and related technologies, multi-sectoral strategies to address for the timely through regional initiatives for the impact at individual, family, disbursement joint purchasing of drugs, with the community, national and regional of funds to view of ensuring the availability levels; the opera- of drugs through sustainable (f) Establishing mechanisms for miti- tional mechanisms, using funds from gating the impact of the HI- level, national budgets; V/AIDS pandemic, including the ensuring i) Investing in nutrition programmes provision of support to families, that all and promoting the use of nutri- orphans and other vulnerable chil- communi- tional supplements, production dren, and strategies to ensure a ties have and consumption of locally avail- sustained labour supply. adequate able foods; access to these funds. j) Developing a regulatory frame- G Intensifying Resource work and institutional capacity for Mobilisation by: G Strengthening Institutional, the testing and utilisation of tradi- a) Establishing a Regional Fund for Monitoring and Evaluation Mec- tional medicines. the implementation of the SADC hanisms by: HIV and AIDS Strategic a) Developing and strengthening insti- G Accelerating Development and Framework (2003-2007); tutional mechanisms for HIV sur- mitigating the impact of HIV and b) Reaffirming our commitment to veillance, sharing of experiences AIDS by: implementing the Abuja and exchange of information on key a) Creating and sustaining an Declaration on allocating at least areas of interventions such as pre- enabling environment conducive 15% of our annual budgets for the vention, provision of care to, and to gender balance, rapid and improvement of the health sector; support of, HIV and AIDS infected broad-based socio-economic c) Urging the International Co-oper- and affected persons and treatment development of the region and ating Partners, on humanitarian of HIV and AIDS related condi- addressing major underlying fac- grounds, to assist our region by tions; tors that lead to the spread of the substantially increasing the provi- b) Intensifying training and research HIV infection; sion of financial and technical initiatives or programmes to b) Harmonising policies and strate- support at country and regional strengthen Member States’ capaci- gies and undertaking joint pro- levels through various initiatives ties to manage the epidemic; grammes in the priority interven- and commitments such as the c) Developing and strengthening tion areas including prevention, Global Fund to fight HIV and appropriate mechanisms for moni- treatment, care, support, nutrition AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria toring and evaluating the imple- and food security; (GFATM), Official Development mentation of this Declaration, and c) Enhancing the regional initiatives Assistance, the Enhanced Heavily other continental and global com- to facilitate access to HIV and Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) mitments, and establishing targets AIDS prevention, treatment, care Initiative; and the Multi-country and time-frames which will be and support for people living AIDS Programme (MAP); included in the SADC HIV and along our national borders, d) Developing and strengthening AIDS Strategic Framework and including sharing of best prac- mechanisms to involve all stake- Programme of Action (2003 Ð tices; holders, such as civil society 2007). ❒

SADC TODAY, August 2003 5 CURRENT ISSUES trade

Oil industry to boost economic development

by Chengetai C. Madziwa

s the oil industry on the parency in the industry needs to be bated by a civil war, has about three African continent expands, instilled and maintained. Oil is not only quarters of its population living on less Athere is an increasing need to lucrative in boosting economic growth, than a dollar a day. make sure that revenues from this it is a potential source of evils such as It is in realizing this paradox of oil industry effectively contribute conflicts, corruption and other concerns riches and poverty that the "publish towards economic development and like environmental degradation. what you earn" initiative comes about. improvement of people’s welfare. The Angolan government is one of Renewed concerns on transparency the few that have publicly affirmed within this industry have been raised their commitment to the initiative. in the wake of a potentially significant "For the first time in Angola's histo- increase in the crude oil exports from ry, the budget will encompass all rev- Africa. enue and that will send to the donor Since the attack by US-led forces community the signal that the Angolan on Iraq, interest in Africa’s oil government is committed to a fully resources has increased as the world’s transparent way of managing the largest economies seek alternative budget," says the Angolan Deputy sources. Prime Minister, Aguinaldo Jaime with Much of this interest has been reference to the "publish what you spurred by the great potential of undis- earn" initiative. covered crude oil on the continent. With the support of major oil com- Southern Africa is of particular inter- panies such as the state-owned est with the Tanzanian coast and Sonangol, Exxon and Mobil, it should Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) not be an impossible task. believed to have crude oil deposits as Such a commitment by the Angolan well as the already existing vibrant oil government dissolves negative opin- industry in Angola. ion that has paralleled expansion in the A geological survey conducted by oil industry in some African countries. the United States Department of An oil rig in Angola It also strengthens efforts at recon- Interior during the 1990s identified the struction of the Angolan economy basins around the Kenyan, Somali and A new campaign aimed at enforcing after more that 25 years of civil war. Tanzanian coast to have some poten- accountability is being driven by a As a member of SADC, the com- tial for undiscovered crude oil as has number of international groups. The mitment by the Angolan government the Gulf of Guinea, which has become initiative, dubbed "publish what you augurs well with the objectives of the the global hotspot for oil exploration pay", is meant to encourage corporate recently adopted SADC Protocol on in West Africa. The gulf covers bodies to account for their expenditure Corruption. Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea to host governments. The campaign The objectives of this protocol are to: and the DRC. also encourages governments to "pub- ✦ promote and strengthen the devel- Angola, the largest producer of oil lish what you earn". opment, by each of the state parties, in southern Africa is also believed to Publication of this information is of mechanisms needed to prevent, have undiscovered crude oil reserves, important to citizens of the resource- detect, punish and eradicate corrup- which could boost production producing nations and may help curb tion in the public and private sector; immensely. The SADC Investor corruption, stimulate economic devel- ✦ promote, facilitate and regulate Survey of 2000 revealed that Angola opment and reduce poverty that con- cooperation among the state parties already accounts for over 90 percent tinues to exist in these countries. to ensure the effectiveness of meas- (about 5.4 billion barrels) of the A large percentage of the popula- ures and actions to prevent, detect, proven crude oil reserves of SADC. tion in oil producing developing coun- punish and eradicate corruption in Further discoveries in that country tries still lives in poverty despite the the public and private sectors; could add five billion barrels in oil huge revenue gains made from the ✦ foster the development and harmo- production, lifting the country into a resource. Nigeria for instance has nization of policies and domestic major league of oil exploration. made over US$300 billion in oil rev- legislation of the state parties relat- The potential magnitude of the rev- enues over the past 25 years, yet a ing to the prevention, detection, enues to be gained from export of crude large percentage of its people live on punishment and eradication of cor- oil by these countries is what has trig- less than US$1 a day. In Angola the ruption in the public and private gered recent discussion on how trans- poverty situation, which was exacer- sectors. ❒

6 SADC TODAY, August 2003 CURRENT ISSUES finance and investment

SADC-EU: Promoting an integrated approach to investment

ncreasingly SADC’s efforts at ESIPP supports SADC member under this component are purposely attracting investment into the region countries via the following three main focused on the organisation and Iplaces emphasis on an integrated strategies: delivery of sectoral business-to- promotional approach in line with the ✦ Institutional Strengthening - build- business meetings, designated to Regional Indicative Strategic ing capacity of investment-related facilitate one-to-one contacts Development Plan (RISDP). intermediary organisations, institu- among SADC and between SADC In recent years, SADC member tions and groups of consultants in and EU entrepreneurs. countries have recognised the impor- SADC, in the areas of advocacy ESIPP is another institutional result tance of making their private sector and policy dialogue, investment- of SADC’s partnership with the EU in more competitive on the global mar- related services and organisation of the framework of the Lomé kets as a way of enhancing economic business-to-business events; Convention now replaced by the growth and employment levels. There ✦ Project Support - provision of a) Cotonou Agreement. Furthermore, the is evidently an increased commitment support on the identification and programme intends to collaborate towards creating an environment con- promotion of investment projects in with other initiatives on the continent, ducive to greater intra-regional and the SADC region, b) pre and post Europe, and Caribbean and Pacific foreign investment. support to participants in sectoral (ACP) countries. This includes initia- SADC’s vehicle for realising this and sub-sectoral events which is tives such as the New Partnership for new vision, the EU-SADC Investment provided on a continuous, demand- Africa’s Development (NEPAD), the Promotion Programme (ESIPP) is driven and cost-sharing basis; and New EU Strategy for the steadily rising to the challenge of this ✦ Key Sectoral Support - supporting Development of Private Sector in the demanding mandate. ESIPP’s overall the development of five key sectors ACP countries. objective is to increase investment in in terms of their potential for ESIPP is managed by the SADC the SADC region, enhance economic attracting investment flows and Secretariat through a programme man- growth, job creation, strengthen the achieving investment and inter- agement unit (PMU) based in private sector and contribute to eco- enterprises co-operation agree- Gaborone, Botswana and has an anten- nomic integration in the region and ments (ICAs). Activities financed na office in Brussels, Belgium. ❒ strengthen SADC’s integration into the world economy. "ESIPP is in line with our strategy to Finance ministers hail economic recovery reshape the regional economy through increasing domestic and foreign invest- ment in the region and so help reduce he SADC ministers of finance and the United Republic of Tanzania poverty," Prega Ramsamy, the have hailed recent positive eco- with gross domestic growth rates of Executive Secretary of SADC said at Tnomic developments in the 13.8 percent, 8 percent and 6.2 per- the first ESIPP Programme Steering region, notably the improvement from cent, respectively. Committee meeting held in last year in food availability and over- The finance ministers were, howev- Johannesburg recently. all economic growth. er, concerned with the continued high Funded for 18 million Euros The ministers meeting in price of oil, which tends to adversely (approx. US$20.5 million) by the Gaborone, Botswana, on 7 August affect economic stability of the region. European Commission under the 8th noted that cereal production increased The ministers approved a draft European Development Fund (EDF) by six percent from last year, signifi- MOU on exchange control, which will for five years, ESIPP seeks to promote cantly improving food security in the be tabled for approval by Council. investment and inter-enterprise co- region. However, some countries are They agreed on macro-economic con- operation agreements (ICAs) in the still in need of food aid. vergence targets on the acceptable SADC region. This is done through Similarly, the region achieved an indicators of rate of inflation, value of enhancing the capacity of regional average economic growth rate of 3.2 public and publicly guaranteed debt as investment promotion agencies to percent in 2002, which compares pos- ratio of GDP. make the region attractive to both itively to 2.7 percent achieved in 2001. The Ministers also agreed on the regional and international investors. This makes southern Africa the only establishment of a Peer Review Panel The programme’s activities focus on region on the African continent to composed of Ministers of Finance and five sectors: construction and building have accelerated in growth. Central Bank Governors to evaluate materials, tourism, light engineering, Fastest growing economies in the and monitor the annual convergence agro-industry and mining. region include Angola, Mozambique, programmes of member states. ❒

SADC TODAY, August 2003 7 CURRENT ISSUES country profile

by David Martin made Swahili the lingua franca, and Nyerere pledged in a 1959 speech, left behind a national ethos and a even before independence, that n 9 December 1961, nation that votes regularly, but neither Tanzanians would "light a candle on top Tanganyika became the regionally nor ethnically. The depth of of Kilimanjaro" Osecond country in southern the nation’s experience, wisdom and that would Africa (after the Congo) to regain leadership will be available to guide shine beyond its independence. Less than three years SADC in the coming year. borders giving later, on 26 April 1964, Tanganyika The President of the United Republic "hope where merged with Zanzibar to become the of Tanzania, Benjamin Mkapa, will there was despair, United Republic of Tanzania. become the next SADC chairperson, love where The inspiration for the United taking over the leadership from his there was hate, Republic of Tanzania’s nation-build- Angolan colleague, José Eduardo dos and dignity ing was Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Santos. It is the first time that the SADC where before known as Baba ya Rais or Father of summit has been held in the United there had only the Nation. Known affectionately in Republic of Tanzania and it is a fitting been humilia- Swahili as Mwalimu (teacher), tribute to a truly remarkable country. tion". Nyerere, who died in 1999, left behind Snowcapped Mt Kilimanjaro, He remained a legacy upon which future genera- Africa’s highest peak, was the inspira- true to his word tions of Tanzanians could build. tion for generations of freedom fight- and Tanzanians As well as his legacy of the union ers who fought for the liberation of wholeheartedly of the mainland and Zanzibar, Nyerere southern Africa. supported other countries in the region and parted with their precious shillings in the name of President Benjamin Mkapa liberation. Therein lie the roots of SADC, which had its gestation in BENJAMIN WILLIAM MKAPA was elected President of the United Republic Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania in of Tanzania in 1995 and again in 2000. On taking office, he set himself the goals of transparency and accountability, sustainable economic develop- 1979 and was launched in Zambia the ment, and gender equity, and gave top priority to the social sectors of health following year. and education, as well as development of the mining and tourism sectors. When counting sub-Saharan Africa’s Economic growth indicators show his achievements. He also turned his modern wonders, many of them are in attention to regional development, and played a key role in reviving the now- the United Republic of Tanzania: the dynamic East African Community of Kenya, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda, as well as renowned Serengeti Plains with its participating actively in the African Union and in articulating a vision for SADC, which he will chair for annual migration of wildebeest and the coming year. zebra, the Ngorongoro Crater, the mys- Mkapa has an Honours degree in English Literature from Makerere University and post-graduate teries of Zanzibar with the aroma of studies in International Relations from Columbia University. He did his National Service in the United Republic of Tanzania in 1971. He draws his inspiration from the late founding president of United cloves wafting through the air -- and Republic of Tanzania, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, whom he first met as his teacher at St Francis College, Kilimanjaro. Pugu, in Dar es Salaam in 1949. Added to these highlights are Mkapa was Managing Editor of Swahili- and English-language newspapers in the United Republic countless other destinations in the of Tanzania from 1966-1974, was founding director of Tanzania News Agency, Shihata, and for two United Republic of Tanzania such as years was press secretary to then President Nyerere. He was a Tanzanian representative in the East the 60-million-year-old dinosaur bed African Legislative Assembly 1970-1977, and was elected to the national parliament in 1980. He at Tendaguru; the cradle of humankind served as High Commissioner to Nigeria, Canada and the United States, and briefly as Minister of Olduvai Gorge; nearby Laetoli where Information and Broadcasting, but is best known for his service as Foreign Minister from 1977-1980 and 1984-1990, during which he reinforced the United Republic of Tanzania’s respected international the oldest human footprints yet found stature. He later served as Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education. President Mkapa were made 3.75-million years ago; the and his wife, Anna, have two sons. Selous Game Reserve, which is the continent’s largest wet-season conser- Lae

8 SADC TODAY, August 2003 CURRENT ISSUES country profile

Year 1996 1997 1998 19992000

GDP Growth 4.2 3.3 4.0 4.8 5.5 Rates (%)

Inflation rate (%) 21.0 16.1 12.0 7.8 5.1

Source: GDP, SADC Annual Report, 1999-2000 ; Inflation, SADC Industry and Trade Annual Report 2000-2001

vation area; the world’s second largest major goldmines pro- Growth Trends inland lake, Lake Victoria, and the ducing an output of longest, Lake Tanganyika. 43,320kg worth The Tanzanian economy has enjoyed steady growth since the mid The United Republic of Tanzania US$375 million in 1990s. Although still heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for itself is a wonder, combining Africa of 2002, having increased about 60 percent of GDP, an increasingly favourable investment environ- ment has seen growth in other sectors of the economy. the past, the present and the future. onehundredfold from Twenty-eight percent of the country is 425kg worth US$3.3 25 set aside for conservation, and the million in 1998. vibrant tourism industry is targeted to Mining is the 20 surpass the one million mark by 2010. fastest growing sector The United Republic of Tanzania in the country’s econ- represents Africa at its finest, defying omy, earning $431 15 shrinkage through globalization and million in export advanced technology, and leaving its income in 2002. imprint firmly on the continent of its Africafe, a pure, 10 birth. instant coffee pro- Percentage GDP % Tanzanite, the most recently discov- duced in the north- 5 inflation % ered precious gemstone that is a thou- western Bukoba area, sand times rarer than diamonds, is is the perfect gift to found in the foothills of Mt take home as are 0 Kilimanjaro. Ranging from rich royal diamonds, gold, 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 blue to delicate hues of violet, it is esti- Makonde wood-carv- Year mated that in 15 years time there will be ings and the spectacu- no more Tanzanite stones. That makes lar Tingatinga paint- it an ideal investment opportunity. ings that evoke images of this young, Nyerere and Zanzibar’s first President, The United Republic of Tanzania dynamic and independent nation. Abeid Amani Karume, who formed the also produces diamonds and gold, with But in the longer term, SADC lead- union between the two sovereign and the former more than doubling in pro- ers will be looking at what the United independent nations almost 40 years duction over the past five years to Republic of Tanzania’s agriculture, ago. Rather the union was a manifesta- almost 240,000 carats in 2002, and five industries, fisheries and mines produce tion of what Africa believes in. and ascertaining whether their countries The United Republic of Tanzania has can import such items, and at what a democratic system of regular, multi- price. Thereafter, they will be endeav- party elections, created to provide a ouring to increase regional trade. framework for further uniting the patri- The United Republic of Tanzania’s otic energies and allegiances of its peo- 33.5 million people include 125 ethnic ple of many backgrounds by allowing groups and their music, dance and them to choose freely by whom, and folklore reflects the diversity and link- how, they should be governed. ages of their culture and history. This is the mantle that President Lying just south of the equator, the Mkapa was given by his country in Tanzanian mainland is 937,576 sq km November 1995 when he was elected including 51,800 sq km of inland water. as President for two terms. In these Zanzibar is made up of two islands, years since, he has transformed the Unguja, which is 1,659 sq km and the United Republic of Tanzania into one northern island of Pemba, 985 sq km. of the success stories of Africa. Such But size -- both of the land and the is the vision he will now bring to population -- meant nothing to SADC. ❒ otprints Photos D Martin, APG Photos D Martin,

SADC TODAY, August 2003 9 GUEST COLUMN development

Millennium Development Goals: Reflections by Kenneth Kaunda

Excerpts from a keynote speech by Kenneth Kaunda, First President of the ment were nega- Republic of Zambia, at a regional forum organised by the United Nations tively affected. Development Programme on Sustainable Development in Southern Africa: Yes. We are Mobilising Partnerships and Capacity for Achieving MDGs, July 2003 in affected by con- Johannesburg, South Africa

flict. As in the SARDC 1973 war in the … I come here not as an expert, but to increased tremendously. In Zambia, as Middle East, when oil prices went up reflect and share views with you. I come other parts of the region, literacy rates and affected economies, and as in the here as one person interested in sustain- increased multifold. Full school enrol- destabilisation systems of apartheid, able development. Over the years, I ment was reached for some age the invasion of Iraq by the George W have had chance to reflect on the situa- groups. Many girls were now able to Bush and Tony Blair administrations tion of our region and humanity as a attend school. Food production and will greatly affect the world. whole. I remember the trauma of slav- nutrition went up. Infant mortality Economies and human relations will ery. I remember the colonial times. I reduced. Water and sanitation be affected. I must ask you, friends, to remember our struggles in support of improved. Shelter improved. Yes, life think about the effect of all these the freedom of southern Africa. expectancy rose dramatically and armed conflicts and wars on nations, I remember our struggles over eco- poverty reduced. … southern Africa, and the whole world. nomic issues. By the beginning of this ...In southern Africa, we must The journey to the millennium millennium, Africa had made its politi- remember the effect of regional events development goals is slowed down by cal advances. In this region's journey, on our development process. The lib- armed conflict and war. As part of the we have made strides and we have also eration struggle has left many coun- goal of sustainable development in the experienced pain. Just after independ- tries burdened with huge debts. millennium, we need healing of con- ence, we made achievements in people's Thousands of people died as a result of flict. We need to deal with various access to basic needs. Yet as we entered the conflict involving racism and causes of conflict at personal, commu- this millennium, the quality of people's apartheid. Landmines are still there in nity, national, regional, and world lev- lives has generally declined. parts of the region, killing, maiming, els. Otherwise, time, energies and This is a big question for people and preventing people from enjoying resources, which should go into interested in the millennium develop- livelihoods. We were bombed and achieving basic needs, will be redi- ment goals. How is it that southern infrastructure was destroyed. rected into the machinery of war. Africa and Africa made advances just Economies were destabilised and, to Peace and sustainable development after independence, and then later make ends meet, governments went to are part of each other. there was decline and even reversal of borrowing. From borrowing came cred- Chairperson, friends, I must also the quality of people's lives? What is it itor conditionalities that further wors- add that some things which have from our past experience that hinders ened our situation. For Zambia, south- affected our development in southern reaching the goal of millennium devel- ern Africa's liberation struggle led to Africa have not been of our own mak- opment? financial costs of over $20 billion. All ing. There have been floods and What is it in our present that hin- over the region, countries were nega- drought. Then there has been the ders reaching the millennium goals? tively affected. However, although the emergence of HIV and AIDS, which What needs to be done to improve struggle against racism and apartheid has completely affected human things? And what has to be undone in was for the common good, there have endeavour and human kind, as we order to improve things? not been regional and global pro- know it. Sub-Saharan Africa has high The reflection and action and the grammes to redress the trauma and eco- rates of HIV prevalence. Southern future lie within our hands. nomic effects of the period. These Africa has high rates, with Botswana Sustainable development will depend effects live on today and affect how we and Swaziland rising to around 38 per- on our present actions. … will achieve the millennium develop- cent of those aged 15 to 49 years. We have come from a situation ment goals. However, the way we respond to where, after independence, we tried to Southern Africa was also affected drought, flood, and HIV and AIDS cover the millennium goals through by internal conflict. Some of these depends on us and is of our making. meeting the basic needs of our nations. conflicts affected neighbours and the We are not just victims. We can deter- Access to health and education region. The opportunities for develop- mine our future. Flood and drought

10 SADC TODAY, August 2003 GUEST COLUMN development does not necessarily mean starvation. ditions by creditors are making it diffi- towards the goals. Governments need HIV and AIDS is not a death sentence. cult for economies to be sustainable. to consider various policies and prac- We can redress the impact of the HIV Whatever we do, the goal posts by tices and the way these affect the and AIDS pandemic. HIV and AIDS is creditors keep on changing to our dis- goals. Participants here can help create part of the millennium challenge. advantage. When I was privileged to that atmosphere. We need to work Redressing the effects of HIV and AIDS be Zambia's President, I experienced with civil society, churches, business, will lead towards reaching the millenni- harsh conditionalities. Unless the and various sectors. um development goals. The millennium creditors and donors realise that our For governments to enable a cre- goals programmes need to consider wellbeing is linked to their sustainable ative environment, creditors and early warning and monitoring systems. prosperity, it will be difficult to meet donors must enable them to develop They need to consider prevention, treat- the millennium development goals. their own appropriate policies. ment, care, and mitigation of HIV and Our world will remain polarised with Creditor and donor yokes weigh heav- AIDS impact. When I have taken an the rich creditor nations becoming ily on people's journey on the path to HIV test, in the 2002, it has been part of richer and southern Africa poorer. millennium development goals. breaking the wall of silence over HIV "Globalisation" is turning out more Agencies like UNDP can help to sen- and AIDS. Even if I had been found and more for interests of the rich. sitise donors, remove the yoke and positive, I still would have used that sta- We need regional linkages. The continue to call for humane and sus- tus to campaign against the pandemic, Frontline States, SADC, COMESA, tainable development. UNICEF has as I still do now. … and the OAU, now the AU, are exam- done very well on looking at the To reach the millennium develop- ples of what we tried to do. We also human cost of economic policies. ment goals, we must base our action on have NEPAD. They have come far. We UNDP has also done much with its truth. We must be open and frank. We need to analyse these institutions, their national and international human must learn from where we are coming limitations, strengths, and how we can development reports. These will con- from. We must know our present situa- move ahead to reach the millennium tinue to remind us about the gaps in tion. We must have accurate data and goals. We need to collaborate with mul- the reaching the millennium goals. statistics. Too often, there have been dif- tilateral organisations like the United Partnerships and networks involv- ferences in data and statistics. The dif- Nations and its agencies. There is also ing various levels and platforms must ferences should make us strive to the Commonwealth group of nations. be explored and created. We must also improve our measurement techniques. And the Non-Aligned Movement. As increase capacities at various levels. We need to debate analyses and find- during the time of the fight against Friends, crucial to the success of the ings. We must free our minds and racism and apartheid, we have some millennium development programmes explore the various possibilities that can people of good will in other parts of the is participation. People from all walks make us reach the millennium goals. world. We need linkages with people in of life need to be involved in finding Chairperson, friends, our other regions of Africa. We need link- solutions to their lives. We need to bring economies were affected by high oil ages with people from other continents to the centre all the people on the mar- prices and cost of imports. The price in the South. We need linkages and gins. These include young persons, the of our export commodities went down common action with colleagues in the elderly, women, people of various eth- - be they copper or coffee or tea. We industrial world. Together we can nic groups, people from other religions began to note that the terms of trade reverse negative policies and practices. and spiritual beliefs, the poor, the busi- became more and more unfair. As Together, we can reach the millennium nesspersons, people with disability, and Zambia's president, I was troubled by development goals. every one. We can act together. We have the pressures of having to meet the Governments need to enable an a common future. We have a common basic needs of Zambia's people and environment, which promotes action millennium. … ❒ the pressures of poor commodity prices and a harsh debt regime. Without fair trade, we will continue to Millennium Development Goals are a set of time-bound and measurable objec- tives and targets that were agreed to by all the member states of the UN at the be recipients of aid. Without fair trade, millennium summit in September 2000. For each goal one or more targets have a fair trade whose benefits reach the been set, most for 2015, using 1990 as a benchmark: small-scale producers and service ✦ providers, we will not reach the mil- eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; ✦ achieve universal primary education; lennium development goals. ✦ promote gender equality and empower women; Without environmentally sound ✦ reduce child mortality; economic policies and practices, there ✦ improve martenal health; ✦ combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseases; can be no sustained development. ✦ ensure environmental sustainability; and Friends, debt is still greatly affect- ✦ develop a global partnership for development. ing southern Africa's people. The con-

SADC TODAY, August 2003 11 CURRENT ISSUES biodiversity/peace processes

South Africa to host World Congress on Protected Areas

UCN-The World Conservation Congress is expected to celebrate pro- other inhabitants of the ecosystem Union in conjunction with its tected areas, look at big issues such as deemed to be endangered are found. IWorld Commission on Protected the role of protected areas in alleviat- These are protected to ensure there is Areas (WCPA) and the South African ing poverty; how protected areas adapt enough for future generations. government will later this year host and anticipate global change biophys- For the first time in the congress’s the Fifth World Congress on Protected ically, economically, and socially; the 50-year history, the role of the youth in Areas. This is the first time the place of protected areas as part of a coming up with ideas and recommenda- Congress will be held in Africa. sustainable future; and the contribu- tions to inform the Congress on how The congress, also known as the tion of protected areas to security. best to manage protected areas during World Parks Congress, is held every 10 Protected areas are specified spots the 21st century will be considered as years and provides a major global in which biodiversity including ani- young people from the world over have forum for setting the agenda for protect- mals, plants, trees, water, fish and been invited to make their input. ❒ ed areas. Previous Congresses have had a tremendous impact in assisting nation- al governments to create new protected Peace dawns in DRC areas, and direct more resources by Amos Chanda towards biodiversity conservation. To be held in Durban, South Africa, he Democratic Republic of Five years of warfare has worsened from 8-17 September 2003, the Congo (DRC) has made a giant the poverty situation in the former Tleap towards ending war and Zaire which was left on its knees by creating democracy and peaceful com- late Mobutu Sese Seko's three decades Ministers approve merce in a country torn by five years of foreign -backed dictatorship and of armed conflict. misrule. DRC diplomats at Lusaka framework for Many people see the inauguration of mission said the new power-sharing peace, security an inclusive power-sharing government government is planning a blueprint as a bright ray of hope shining over the that will lead the mineral and oil-rich dark cloud of war that has engulfed the country to elections in two years. Ministerial Committee that met DRC since 1998 when fighting broke out They are upbeat about the new era in in Maputo, Mozambique, on 7 sucking in five foreign armies -- Uganda the DRC because reports from Kinshasa AAugust approved a draft plan and Rwanda on the side of rebels and indicate that all parties to the conflict that, if adopted by the SADC Summit, Angola, Namibia and Zimbabwe on have pledged full support to the peace will see the implementation of the the side of the government. process. "We have a good response from Protocol on Politics, Defence and Zambian officials involved in the home. The government is sending posi- Security Cooperation. peace process say the deal for a new tive messages of hope," said a senior The draft Strategic Indicative Plan for government in the DRC is a milestone diplomat at the DRC embassy in Lusaka. In a dispatch from Kinshasa, former the Organ, which is the framework for achievement for SADC and Africa as a rebel leader Bemba said: "We have the operationalisation of the protocol, whole. proposes specific strategies and activi- turned our back to war. Five years we "We hope that the new power-shar- spent in the rebellion gave us the path- ties for achieving the objectives as laid ing concept will not only be cosmetic out in the protocol. This includes mili- ways to get this country out of the crisis." but be able to yield the desired fruits tary cooperation in defence of a fellow The less than 6,000 UN peacekeep- member state under external aggression. of peace, which everyone has been ers are by far, insufficient a number to The ministers further agreed that waiting for," said Mutale Nalumango, keep the peace in a vast country the size some of the elements of the draft plan Zambian Information Minister. of western Europe. The United Nations should be included in the overall The new government has four vice- Mission in the Congo (MONUC), large- Regional Indicative Strategic presidents: Abdoulaye Yerodia ly led by French troops has battled with Development Plan which is expected to Ndombasi, representing the previous considerable success to halt the blood- be approved at the August summit in the government; Arthur Ngoma, for the shed in the town of Bunia where new United Republic of Tanzania. unarmed opposition; Jean-Pierre fighting broke out following the pullout Mozambican President Joaquim Bemba of the Ugandan-backed of Ugandan troops. The UN estimates Chissano, who assumed the African Congolese Liberation Movement that some 3,3 million people have been Union (AU) Chair in July, opened the (MLC); and Azaias Ruberwa of the killed since war broke out in 1998. meeting calling on the ministerial com- Rwandan-backed Congolese Rally for The road map to the DRC peace mittee to help operationalise the AU Democracy (RCD). deal has been mediated largely by Peace and Security Council, especially The power sharing government was Zambian and South African diplomats in developing the African Common agreed to in December last year during and facilitated by retired Botswana Defence and Security Policy. ❒ talks in Sun City, South Africa. President Sir Ketumile Masire. ❒

12 SADC TODAY, August 2003 COMMUNITY BUILDING health

SADC Youth Parliament to deliberate on key issues by Mukundi Mutasa

ecognising their role not only ways in which the youth ever form -- race, gender as tomorrow’s leaders, but also can become part of the “...literacy should or even financial status. Ras today’s stakeholders, youths solution rather than the be for all and The strategies for in the region are continuing to problem. should not be adoption are varied, strengthen their participation in the As Angolan President including aiming to regional integration of SADC. Eduardo dos Santos said discriminatory in influence policy on a A Youth Parliament organised by at the recent SADC whatever form” bigger scale through the SADC Youth Movement (SAD- Summit on HIV and AIDS institutions such as the CYM) in South Africa for September in Lesotho, the pandemic "affects, AU and its New Partnership for will present a platform for young peo- most directly, youths and adults in Africa’s Development (NEPAD). ple in the region to discuss issues of active age, who are the ones working "The AU and NEPAD are expected regional importance. HIV and AIDS, in public administration, agriculture to push for the promotion of democra- poverty, governance and economic and other productive sectors, decision- cy, human rights, sound economic development are some of the major making posts, the heads of families … policies and good governance. issues that directly or indirectly affect weakening the already fragile However, the non-engagement and the youth in the region. economies of our countries." lack of understanding by the young The session is the second sitting At the end of the parliament ses- people … is a negative indication in and follows the first one that was held sion, the participants are expected to the light of youth development and in South Africa last year. It proposes to adopt an action plan on HIV and AIDS empowerment," says the proposal. increase participation both in terms of with a specific time The SADC Youth numbers and programme content by frame and activities. Discussions will Parliament will seek to the youth and hopes to create and con- The youth will also dis- carve space for issues of solidate an environment appropriate cuss poverty as it relates draw from three relevance to the young in for the youth to act together under the to HIV and AIDS and its major events that the AU and NEPAD. banner of equality and democracy. effect on literacy rates would have taken Discussions will Youth empowerment is important and access to information draw from three major today as it is for the SADC society of and basic services. place recently... events that would have tomorrow. Empowerment and partici- As the beneficiaries of taken place recently: pation are at the heart of action for the future, the youth have also recog- SADC HIV and AIDS Summit social change and engagement, says nized that it is vital for them to learn (held in Maseru in July), the the SADCYM project proposal for the and preserve their culture. The basis of AU Summit (Maputo, July) 2003 SADC Youth Parliament. their concern lies in the fact that and the SADC Summit The proposal has outlined the fol- change, and even destruction of many (Dar es Salaam, lowing as its major priorities: global cultures has given rise to a myr- August). ❒ ✦ developing effective national iad of social issues and problems for poverty strategies; young people. ✦ promoting growth, jobs and equity; As cultures change, so too do peo- ✦ strengthening democracy, gover- ple’s identities. Young people are nance and service delivery; especially vulnerable, as their identi- ✦ reproductive health and HIV and ties may still be unfolding or at worst AIDS, and gender; and unclear. And as cultures change, ✦ involving the media for purposes young people can become detached of dissemination and informing the from their traditional heritage and cul- public. ture, says the proposal. Accepting the fact that the youth in It is expected that the Youth the 16 to 30 age group are at the high- Parliament will deliberate on other key est risk to HIV and AIDS infection, the issues such as education, making sure Youth Parliament has proposed to put that literacy should be for all and the pandemic on its agenda and seek should not be discriminatory in what-

SADC TODAY, August 2003 13 AROUND THE REGION news briefs

Cahora Bassa: the history impacts the present

he Mozambique News Agency, time of Mozambique’s independence properly". HCB’s largest client is the AIM reports that the Portu- from Portugual in 1975, it was envis- South African electricity company Tguese government has refused aged that the shares would be trans- Eskom, which pays HCB at a price to transfer its shares in the Cahora ferred when the debt was paid, but the fixed in 1988, not sufficient to serv- Bassa Dam to Mozambique until an debt has continued to grow. ice the debt. accumulated debt of over US$2 The Portuguese secretary of state AIM says that Eskom is paying 3.6 billion is paid back to the Portuguese for cooperation told AIM that "the South African cents (about 0.4 US treasury. conditions still do not exist to start to cents) per kw hour, while HCB Portugal holds 82 percent of shares carry out this transfer". He said these believes that a just price would be 13 in the operating company, Hydro conditions must involve negotiations South African cents. Cahora Bassa (HCB) and Mozambique between Mozambique and South The most recent meeting between holds the remaining 18 percent. At the Africa so that "HCB can operate Mozambique, Portugal and South Africa over Cahora Bassa was in Johannesburg in July. SADC approves rules of origin The Portuguese minister said the debt could be settled only when a realistic price is paid for power, outhern African countries have The products whose rules of origin although he added that payment approved the rules of origin for are still outstanding relate to wheat might be made "by alternative most products that are exported and wheat products, electrical and S means". (AIM) ❒ within the region with a few excep- optical products. tions. Under the Trade Protocol, a prod- The approval means that products uct is required to undergo substantial identified would gain entry from the transformation with a specified Agreement on country of origin into another country amount of local content before it can duty free. be exported. (The Herald) ❒ Limpopo Basin expected Strengthening cooperation among electoral he countries which share the bodies in SADC Limpopo Basin Ð Botswana, TMozambique, South Africa he SADC Electoral Com- the context of the declaration by and Zimbabwe -- are advancing misions Forum (ECF) held its African heads of state and government. towards establishing a commission to Tfifth annual general conference The ECF is an independent body manage the shared watercourse. in Maputo at the end of July, under the comprising electoral commissions Senior officials from the four theme, "Election Management Bodies, from SADC member states, and was countries met in Maputo, Response to African Union Initiatives". formed in 1998 with the objective of Mozambique in July this year and Issues for discussion included the strengthening cooperation among agreed to set up the Limpopo impact of HIV and AIDS on elections in electoral bodies in SADC. ❒ Watercourse Commission, an agree- ment which should be signed before year end. The meeting approved the terms of Seychelles: an island in AU, SADC reference for a Limpopo Basin Study, which is to gather information on the Seychelles, heavily reliant on tourism and the African Union (AU), the rep- current use of the Limpopo Water revenue and hard-hit by the tourism resentatives from Seychelles could Resources, and the future demands slowdown following the 11 September not vote or speak at the recent AU that will be put upon them. 2001 disaster in the United States, is summit in Mozambique. The four countries envisage that pondering its future relationships in Meanwhile, Seychelles has given the study will form the basis for the region. Delinquent in its payment notice to withdraw from membership of future agreements on various aspects of annual membership fees to SADC SADC after one year from July 2003. ❒ of the watercourse. (AIM) ❒

14 SADC TODAY, August 2003 Publications book review

Sweden: A long history of solidarity and support to southern Africa

his is a formidable work on the Swedish role in the lib- towards the independence of our region. We need also to put eration of southern Africa, that earned its author a on record what our people have contributed in the liberation Tnational award from the Swedish king, as well as the of mankind. We need the assistance of those who were at the satisfaction of the profound results of eight years of scholar- forefront of our liberation struggles. Let me call on people ship and a lifetime of commitment to justice, equality and like Dr Salim Ahmed Salim who for many years was the humanity. The three-volume study discusses the origins, chairman of the UN Decolonisation Committee and then developments and dimensions of Sweden’s support for nation- Secretary-General of the OAU, and Brigadier-General al independence, majority rule and democracy in the five Hashim Mbita, who was the longest serving Executive southern African countries where a peaceful process of Secretary of the OAU Liberation Committee, to write their decolonisation and change was blocked by the colonial pow- reflections of what took place. … ers, that is, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia and "United Republic of Tanzania and its late President, South Africa. Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, played a significant role in the lib- Volume 1 covers the formative period until the close of eration struggles of this continent, but particularly in this the 1960s, when the Swedish parliament endorsed a policy of region. In fact, Sellström mentions that it was the co-opera- official, direct support to the southern African liberation tion established between TANU Youth League and Swedish movements. Volume 2 covers the increasingly pro-active and youth, the first visit of Mwalimu Nyerere to Sweden just interventionist period which began around 1970 with direct before independence [in 1961], and the friendship that exist- official assistance to the liberation movements and continued ed between Mwalimu Nyerere and Olof Palme, which paved until independence and majority rule. the way for Swedish involvement in the liberation move- The third volume is both a companion and a reference ments. But that story needs to be fully told. This might not be source. It contains edited interviews conducted in the course the responsibility of Tor Sellström. But it is definitely the of research for the first two books, with individuals in south- responsibility of Tanzanians." ern Africa and Sweden who were involved in the liberation When that work is undertaken by Tanzanians and others in of southern Africa. During the course of the project, it southern Africa, these three volumes will provide a valuable became apparent that the testimonies contained relevant starting point and reference that is very well sourced and eas- information and ought to be useful for further studies, and ily accessible. ❒ thus should be made available to a wider public. In a review in New Agenda, the South African Journal of Tor Sellström. Sweden and National Liberation in Southern Africa. Social and Economic Policy (Issue 7, Third Quarter 2002) Vol. 1: Formation of a Popular Opinion 1950-1970. (1999) published by the Institute for African Alternatives, Professor Vol. 2: Solidarity and Assistance 1970-1994. (2002) Haroub Othman of the University of Dar es Salaam says: Liberation in Southern Africa: Regional and Swedish Voices. (1999) "Tor Sellström presents a challenge to all of us. He has Published by Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (Nordic Africa Institute), recorded in great detail what his people have contributed Uppsala, Sweden.

Recent publications and acquisitions Bringing the Food Economy Home:Local Fat Cats and Running Dogs: The Enron Human Development Report 2003 Alternatives to Global Agribusiness Stage of Capitalism Millennium Development Goals: A Compact By Norberg-Hodge, Helena.-2002 By Prashad, Vijay.-2002 Among Nations to End Human Poverty Available from: Zed Books, 7 Cynthia Available from: Zed Books, 7 Cynthia Available from: Street, London, N1 9JF Street, London, N1 9JF Website: www.undp.org/hdr2003/ or David Philip, 99 Garfield Road, or David Philip, 99 Garfield Road, Claremont, 7700, South Africa Claremont, 7700, South Africa Website Progress of the World’s Women 2002: Website www.newafricabooks.co.za www.newafricabooks.co.za Gender Equality And the Millennium Gender, Poverty and Environmental Development Goals. Currents of Change: Impacts of El Nino Indicators on African Ccountries: Vol.2 .-2002 Available from: United Nations and La Nina on Climate And society Indicateurs Sur le Genre, la Pauvrete et Development Fund For Women (UNIFEM) By Glantz, Michael H..-2001 Lénvironnement Sur les Pays Africains. 304 East 45th Street, 15th Floor, NewYork, Available from: Cambridge University Vol 1.-2000 Available from: Strategic NY 10017, USA. Press, The Edinburgh Building, Planning and Research Department, African Email. [email protected] Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK. Website: Development Bank, 01 BP 1387 Abijan 01, Website: www.unifem.undp.org www.cambridge.org Cote d’Ivoire Email: [email protected] Website: www.afdb.org

SADC TODAY, August 2003 15 SADC diary

SADC diary 2003 Event Venue

August 11-15 Southern Africa International Dialogue Meeting Swaziland 17 SADC Day All SADC 21-22 Regional Adjudication Committee of the SADC Media Awards United Republic of Tanzania 22 Malaria Managers Meeting Annual Conference Zambia 23 Parliamentary Forum South Africa 20-22 Standing Committee of the Senior Officials Meeting United Republic of Tanzania 23-24 SADC Council of Ministers Meeting United Republic of Tanzania 25-26 SADC Summit United Republic of Tanzania

September 1-5 Southern African Regional Climate Outlook Forum Namibia 3-17 World Congress on Protected Areas South Africa 17-19 Task Team on NEPAD and Environment Botswana 26/09-02/10 Special ACP Trade Ministers Meeting Belgium

October 1-3 AMCOW/SADC Preparatory Meeting Lesotho 9-10 Disaster Management Conference South Africa 6-10 SADC Master Sample Designs Training Workshop Zimbabwe 13-14 Regional Workshop on Review of the Implementation of the Protocol on Shared Water Courses Lesotho 14 SADC Creators Day All SADC 14-15 Second International Early Warning Conference Germany 12-15 Information and Communication Technology in the fight against HIV and AIDS in Africa South Africa 21-23 SADC Regional Anti-Money Laundering Seminar South Africa

Currency checklist Public Holidays in SADC for the period September 2003 – November 2003

Country Currency (US$1) 1 September Ganesh Chaturthi Mauritius 6 September Somhlolo Day Swaziland Angola Kwanza (100 lwei) 81.1 7 September Victory Day Mozambique Botswana Pula (100 thebe) 4.85 17 September Founder of Nations and National Heroes Day Angola DRC Congo Franc 420.00 24 September Heritage Day South Africa Lesotho Maloti (100 lisente) 7.25 25 September Armed Forces Day Mozambique Malawi Kwacha (100 tambala) 94.07 30 September Botswana Day Botswana 1 October Public Holiday Botswana Mauritius Rupee (100 cents) 29.14 4 October Peace Day Mozambique Mozambique Metical (100 centravos) 22,930.00 13 October Mother’s Day Malawi Namibia Dollar (100 cents) 7.25 14 October Mwalimu Nyerere’s Memorial day Republic of Tanzania Seychelles Rupee (100 cents) 5.18 24 October National Day Zambia South Africa Rand (100 cents) 7.25 25 October Divali Mauritius Swaziland Lilangeni (100 cents) 7.50 November Eid ul Fitr United Republic of United Republic Tanzania 1 November All Saints’ Day Seychelles of Tanzania Shilling (100 cents) 1,043.00 1 November All Saints’ Day Mauritius Zambia Kwacha (100 ngwee) 4,620.00 2 November All Saints’ Day Angola Zimbabwe Dollar (100 cents) 824.00 2 November Arrival of Indentured Labourers Mauritius 11 November Independence Day Angola Source: Standard Chartered Bank Zimbabwe, 29 July 2003 25 November Eid ul Fitr Malawi 26 November Eid ul Fitr Mauritius

16 SADC TODAY, August 2003