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Storage Systems and Technologies - Jai Menon and Clodoaldo Barrera
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - Storage Systems and Technologies - Jai Menon and Clodoaldo Barrera STORAGE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES Jai Menon IBM Academy of Technology, San Jose, CA, USA Clodoaldo Barrera IBM Systems Group, San Jose, CA, USA Keywords: Storage Systems, Hard disk drives, Tape Drives, Optical Drives, RAID, Storage Area Networks, Backup, Archive, Network Attached Storage, Copy Services, Disk Caching, Fiber Channel, Storage Switch, Storage Controllers, Disk subsystems, Information Lifecycle Management, NFS, CIFS, Storage Class Memories, Phase Change Memory, Flash Memory, SCSI, Caching, Non-Volatile Memory, Remote Copy, Storage Virtualization, Data De-duplication, File Systems, Archival Storage, Storage Software, Holographic Storage, Storage Class Memory, Long-Term data preservation Contents 1. Introduction 2. Storage devices 2.1. Storage Device Industry Overview 2.2. Hard Disk Drives 2.3. Digital Tape Drives 2.4. Optical Storage 2.5. Emerging Storage Technologies 2.5.1. Holographic Storage 2.5.2. Flash Storage 2.5.3. Storage Class Memories 3. Block Storage Systems 3.1. Storage System Functions – Current 3.2. Storage System Functions - Emerging 4. File and Archive Storage Systems 4.1. Network Attached Storage 4.2. Archive Storage Systems 5. Storage Networks 5.1. SAN Fabrics 5.2. IP FabricsUNESCO – EOLSS 5.3. Converged Networking 6. Storage SoftwareSAMPLE CHAPTERS 6.1. Data Backup 6.2. Data Archive 6.3. Information Lifecycle Management 6.4. Disaster Protection 7. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - Storage Systems and Technologies - Jai Menon and Clodoaldo Barrera Summary Our world is increasingly becoming a data-centric world. -
Windows 7 Bitlocker™ Drive Encryption Security Policy for FIPS 140-2 Validation
Windows 7 BitLocker™ Security Policy Page 1 of 16 Windows 7 BitLocker™ Drive Encryption Security Policy For FIPS 140-2 Validation For Windows 7 Document version 1.0 08/31/2011 1. Table of Contents 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 List of Cryptographic Modules ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Brief Module Description ................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Validated Platforms ........................................................................................................................................... 4 3. INTEGRITY CHAIN OF TRUST .......................................................................................................... 4 4. CRYPTOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES ..................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Overall Cryptographic Boundary........................................................................................................................ 5 4.2 BitLocker™ Components Included in the Boundary .......................................................................................... 5 4.3 Other Windows -
Partition - Partitioning a Hard Drive
Partition - Partitioning a hard drive What is a partition? The partitioning of a hard drive occurs after the drive has been physically formatted but before it is logically formatted. It involves creating areas on the disk where data will not be mixed. It can be used, for example, to install differentoperating systems that do not use the same file system. There will therefore be at least as many partitions as there are operating systems using different file systems. If you are using just one operating system, a single partition the full size of the disk is sufficient, unless you want create several partitions so as to have, for example, several drives on which data are kept separate. There are three types of partitions: primary partitions, extended partitions andlogical drives. A disk may contain up to four primary partitions (only one of which can be active), or three primary partitions and one extended partition. In the extended partition, the user can create logical drives (i.e. "simulate" several smaller-sized hard drives). Let's look at an example where the disk contains one primary partition and one extended partition made up of three logical drives (later we will look at multiple primary partitions): For DOS systems (DOS, Windows 9x), only the primary partition is bootable, and is therefore the only one on which the operating system can be started. Partitioning is the process of writing the sectors that will make up the partition table (which contains information on the partition: size in sectors, position with respect to the primary partition, types of partitions present, operating systems installed,...). -
Use External Storage Devices Like Pen Drives, Cds, and Dvds
External Intel® Learn Easy Steps Activity Card Storage Devices Using external storage devices like Pen Drives, CDs, and DVDs loading Videos Since the advent of computers, there has been a need to transfer data between devices and/or store them permanently. You may want to look at a file that you have created or an image that you have taken today one year later. For this it has to be stored somewhere securely. Similarly, you may want to give a document you have created or a digital picture you have taken to someone you know. There are many ways of doing this – online and offline. While online data transfer or storage requires the use of Internet, offline storage can be managed with minimum resources. The only requirement in this case would be a storage device. Earlier data storage devices used to mainly be Floppy drives which had a small storage space. However, with the development of computer technology, we today have pen drives, CD/DVD devices and other removable media to store and transfer data. With these, you store/save/copy files and folders containing data, pictures, videos, audio, etc. from your computer and even transfer them to another computer. They are called secondary storage devices. To access the data stored in these devices, you have to attach them to a computer and access the stored data. Some of the examples of external storage devices are- Pen drives, CDs, and DVDs. Introduction to Pen Drive/CD/DVD A pen drive is a small self-powered drive that connects to a computer directly through a USB port. -
Windows 10 Volume Licensing Overview
Edition & Licensing Details Windows 10 Desktop Editions Edition Benefits Delivery of Updates Deployment Options Path to buy Home • Familiar and personal experience • Windows Update • Current Branch • OEM • All-new browser great for doing things online • Retail/ESD Consumers & BYOD • New ways to get organized and be productive • Free upgrade1 • Up-to-date with latest security and features • Management for BYOD scenarios Pro • Management of devices and apps • Windows Update • Current Branch • OEM • Support for remote and mobile scenarios • Windows Update • Current Branch for Business • Retail/ESD Small, for Business lower mid-size • Cloud technologies for organizations • VL businesses • Update quality confidence with broad • WSUS • Free upgrade1 market validation Enterprise2 • Advanced security • Windows Update • Current Branch • VL • Full flexibility of OS deployment • Windows Update • Current Branch for Business Mid-size and large for Business enterprises • Advanced device and app management • Long Term Servicing Branch • Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack (MDOP) • WSUS 1. For qualified Windows 7/8.1 devices 2. Some of these benefits require Software Assurance Windows 10 Pro in Volume Licensing Windows 10 Pro in Volume Licensing is sold only as an upgrade Standalone upgrade licenses are available through Open License and Select Plus/MPSA. Requires a qualified underlying operating system license Current Branch/Current Branch for Business Qualifying Operating Systems The following operating systems qualify for the Windows 10 Pro Upgrade -
System Administration Storage Systems Agenda
System Administration Storage Systems Agenda Storage Devices Partitioning LVM File Systems STORAGE DEVICES Single Disk RAID? RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks Software vs. Hardware RAID 0, 1, 3, 5, 6 Software RAID Parity done by CPU FakeRAID Linux md LVM ZFS, btrfs ◦ Later Hardware RAID RAID controller card Dedicated hardware box Direct Attached Storage SAS interface Storage Area Network Fiber Channel iSCSI ATA-over-Ethernet Fiber Channel Network Attached Storage NFS CIFS (think Windows File Sharing) SAN vs. NAS PARTITIONING 1 File System / Disk? 2 TB maybe… 2TB x 12? 2TB x 128 then? Partitioning in Linux fdisk ◦ No support for GPT Parted ◦ GParted Fdisk Add Partition Delete Partition Save & Exit Parted Add Partition Change Units Delete Partition No need to save Any action you do is permanent Parted will try to update system partition table Script support parted can also take commands from command line: ◦ parted /dev/sda mkpart pri ext2 1Mib 10Gib Resize (Expand) 1. Edit partition table ◦ Delete and create with same start position 2. Reload partition table ◦ Reboot if needed 3. Expand filesystem Resize (Shrink) 1. Shrink filesystem ◦ Slightly smaller than final 2. Edit partition table ◦ Delete and create with same start position 3. Reload partition table ◦ Reboot if needed 4. Expand filesystem to fit partition No Partition Moving LOGICAL VOLUME MANAGER What is LVM? A system to manage storage devices Volume == Disk Why use LVM? Storage pooling Online resizing Resize any way Snapshots Concepts Physical Volume ◦ A disk or partition Volume Group ◦ A group of PVs Logical Volume ◦ A virtual disk/partition Physical Extent ◦ Data blocks of a PV Using a partition for LVM Best to have a partition table 1. -
Change System Partition Drive Letter
Change System Partition Drive Letter superfluouslyExogamous Isaiah while sublettingJohn remains atop. aerological Diagnostic and Skippy vatic. pockets chock. Raiding Conway pressured very HowTo Remove the heat Reserved water from Windows. You may unsubscribe at constant time. This is already been copied right place it to lvm and other partitions of the main interface and backup of. If to install device drivers, from drives whose letter needs to be changed, in CONFIG. How should change in drive like from C to common other letter. To beg an existing drive page on a stocking on a mate or convene a. All comments containing links and certain keywords will be moderated before publication. Now persist for available letter and were missing, footer and needs to make sure where applications or in. Does a systems? Against the operating system subsequently changing the quote letter. Shows garbage instead. I don't suggest changing the SRP's permissions on a production computer. Saved hours tearing out. They system partitions with these letters changed, change drive partitioning changes, and a systems may occur when windows on a single partition and you? In the Disk Management window frame can typically right-click to partition the interest cost Change Drive Letters and Paths click bounce and. Stellar Data Recovery Toolkit is an advanced software, trusted by tech. We can fill it might help. Also learn with. They contain partitions like Primary partitions and Logical drives which are typically. Windows for my external USB device like a tame drive or USB stick. Disk Management Console can also provides ability to express drive letters or paths. -
Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drive Servos by Jianbin
Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drive Servos by Jianbin Nie A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering-Mechanical Engineering in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Roberto Horowitz, Chair Professor Masayoshi Tomizuka Professor David Brillinger Spring 2011 Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drive Servos ⃝c 2011 by Jianbin Nie 1 Abstract Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drive Servos by Jianbin Nie Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering-Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley Professor Roberto Horowitz, Chair In this dissertation, the design of servo control algorithms is investigated to produce high-density and cost-effective hard disk drives (HDDs). In order to sustain the continuing increase of HDD data storage density, dual-stage actuator servo systems using a secondary micro-actuator have been developed to improve the precision of read/write head positioning control by increasing their servo bandwidth. In this dissertation, the modeling and control design of dual-stage track-following servos are considered. Specifically, two track-following control algorithms for dual-stage HDDs are developed. The designed controllers were implemented and evaluated on a disk drive with a PZT-actuated suspension-based dual-stage servo system. Usually, the feedback position error signal (PES) in HDDs is sampled on some spec- ified servo sectors with an equidistant sampling interval, which implies that HDD servo systems with a regular sampling rate can be modeled as linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. However, sampling intervals for HDD servo systems are not always equidistant and, sometimes, an irregular sampling rate due to missing PES sampling data is unavoidable. -
USB Floppy Emulator V3 Replace Floppy Disks with USB Flash Drive
USB Floppy Emulator V3 Replace floppy disks with USB flash drive Nearly all manufacturers of disks and floppy disk drives have stopped their production. It is now possible to exchange your conventional floppy disk drive for a USB - floppy emulator. In place of the susceptible disks the data is stored on much more reliable USB sticks. This maximizes the remaining life of your machine, thus protecting your investments. Because of the complexity and diversity of the recent developments in recording formats most of them are incompatible with each other. Particularly in the computer industry itself many special formats exist alongside the standard disc formats; in total over 500 disc formats exist. The ipcas USB Floppy Emulator V3 works without file system interpretation. The disc data is stored onto container files; this means that proprietary recording formats are able to be implemented. Through simple configuration (Parameter data) it is possible to configure several parameters, for example rate of transmission, speed of rotation and pin assignment (including Drive Select, Disc Change, Ready and HD Output) By use of the USB-Stick the configuration can be transferred on to the floppy emulator. With a conventional floppy disk drive settings would have to be made over a jumper or would not be possible at all. The USB floppy emulator V3 allows for a full configuration without having to either open or take out the drives. The most significant features in summary: • Configuration without jumpers • Proprietary data formats are supported (no file system interpretation) • Discs are written as container files • Write-protection for floppy disc image • Recognition of last disc at power on • Template for new images (template image) • Various transmission rates • Various speeds • No movable parts Environmental influences such as magnet-fields, dust, humidity or even oil have almost no detrimental effect on the USB floppy emulator or the USB storage. -
Manufacturing Equipment Technologies for Hard Disk's
Manufacturing Equipment Technologies for Hard Disk’s Challenge of Physical Limits 222 Manufacturing Equipment Technologies for Hard Disk’s Challenge of Physical Limits Kyoichi Mori OVERVIEW: To meet the world’s growing demands for volume information, Brian Rattray not just with computers but digitalization and video etc. the HDD must Yuichi Matsui, Dr. Eng. continually increase its capacity and meet expectations for reduced power consumption and green IT. Up until now the HDD has undergone many innovative technological developments to achieve higher recording densities. To continue this increase, innovative new technology is again required and is currently being developed at a brisk pace. The key components for areal density improvements, the disk and head, require high levels of performance and reliability from production and inspection equipment for efficient manufacturing and stable quality assurance. To meet this demand, high frequency electronics, servo positioning and optical inspection technology is being developed and equipment provided. Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation is doing its part to meet market needs for increased production and the adoption of next-generation technology by developing the technology and providing disk and head manufacturing/inspection equipment (see Fig. 1). INTRODUCTION higher efficiency storage, namely higher density HDDS (hard disk drives) have long relied on the HDDs will play a major role. computer market for growth but in recent years To increase density, the performance and quality of there has been a shift towards cloud computing and the HDD’s key components, disks (media) and heads consumer electronics etc. along with a rapid expansion have most effect. Therefore further technological of data storage applications (see Fig. -
Information Theory in Usb Flash Memory Device Analysis
INFORMATION THEORY IN USB FLASH MEMORY DEVICE ANALYSIS 1JUANCHO D. ESPINELI, 2JASMIN NIQUIDULA Technological Institute of the Philippines 363 P. Casal St. Quiapo Manila E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract- As the prolific use of USB flash memory drives increases, the call to validate issues regarding non-conformity of these devices also rises, moving away from such factors like as operating systems, hardware features, dependability and power utilization. This paper presents a different form of analysis on a subset of USB flash memory drives. While using various analysis tools live trace will be performed to capture error related to the issue. More over root cause analysis will also be conducted to find what really causes the error then find its relation to information theory particularly the “noise on the channel” [6]. I. INTRODUCTION communication, uncertainty about the input is increased [3]. In order to conduct a comprehensive The extensive market for USB flash drives which is comparison of USB flash memory devices, Advance projected to exceed 555 million units by the year USB port monitor will be used together with 2020 had shown the increasing importance of the Microsoft Message Analyzer to display the packets technology in consumer applications [16]. Perhaps sent, decode the descriptors, detect errors drivers and because of its small size and continuous increase in measure USB flash memory device performance. memory capacity we could easily conclude that this The main objective of this research is to explore generation is now being swayed to move away from reasons why USB flash drives were considered the conventional use of storage devices. -
Wikipedia: Design of the FAT File System
Design of the FAT file system A FAT file system is a specific type of computer file system architecture and FAT a family of industry-standard file systems utilizing it. Developer(s) Microsoft, SCP, IBM, [3] The FAT file system is a legacy file system which is simple and robust. It Compaq, Digital offers good performance even in very light-weight implementations, but Research, Novell, cannot deliver the same performance, reliability and scalability as some Caldera modern file systems. It is, however, supported for compatibility reasons by Full name File Allocation Table: nearly all currently developed operating systems for personal computers and FAT12 (12- many home computers, mobile devices and embedded systems, and thus is a bit version), well suited format for data exchange between computers and devices of almost FAT16 (16- any type and age from 1981 through the present. bit versions), Originally designed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, FAT was soon adapted and FAT32 (32-bit version used almost universally on hard disks throughout the DOS and Windows 9x with 28 bits used), eras for two decades. Today, FAT file systems are still commonly found on exFAT (64- floppy disks, USB sticks, flash and other solid-state memory cards and bit versions) modules, and many portable and embedded devices. DCF implements FAT as Introduced 1977 (Standalone the standard file system for digital cameras since 1998.[4] FAT is also utilized Disk BASIC-80) for the EFI system partition (partition type 0xEF) in the boot stage of EFI- FAT12: August 1980 compliant computers. (SCP QDOS) FAT16: August 1984 For floppy disks, FAT has been standardized as ECMA-107[5] and (IBM PC DOS 3.0) ISO/IEC 9293:1994[6] (superseding ISO 9293:1987[7]).