. AERONAUTICS EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NATIONALADVISORY COMMTTEE FOR AERONAUTICS 1932 - INCLUDING TECHNICAL REPORTS NOS. 401 TO 440 UNITEOSTATES GO~ PRINTINGOFPICB WASHINGTON: 19~ FcaL=IebytheSnmrintandentofDocmnai%Washfn@n,D.C. - . - - - . PI-Ice$2&l(mmkrmn) . I LETTER OF SUBMITTAL To the &?ww-88oj th6 untied ~e% In compliance with the act of March 3, 1915, which established the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, I submit herewith the eighteenth apual report of the committee for the fiscal Year ended June 30, 1932. It is noted that the ccnnmittee reports material and gratifying improvements in aircraft performance and reliability, and that the steady advances in technical development have increased the relative importance of aviation M an arm of national defense and ss an agency of transportation. In the new phase of the industrial age upon which the country is entering, substantial achievements will rest largely on the stimulation given to soienti6c research. The remarkable progress of aeronautics since the war is a demonstration of the valuo and necessity of research. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is the governmental agency for coordinating and con- ducting fundamental research in aeronautics. I concur in the committee’s opinion that America should keep at least abreast of other nations in the development of aviation and believe that the best way to ssaure this is to provide for the continuous prosecution of organized scientific research. HERBERTHOOVER. THE WrrITEHout-m, December 8, 19%??.- In LETTER OF TRANSMI!M’AL NATIONALADVISORYCOMMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS, W(uhington, D. C., November 26, 19%!?. Mr. PRESIDENT: In complirmce with the protilone of the act of Gmgrem approved March 3, 1915 (U. S. C., title 50, sec. 163), I have the honor to transmit herewith the Eighteenth Annual Report of the National Advisory Com- mittee for Aeronautics for the iisoal year ended June 30, 1932. Technical progress as a result of scientific research in the field of aeronautical development during the past year has been most gratifying. Scientific data resulting from well-planned and coordinated research have found application in the improvement of both military and commercial types of aircraft. The committee, in coordinating its research programs, haa covered the problems in the whole field of air- craft research, both military and commercial, and haa placed special emphasis on the major problems of in- crensed snfety, reliability, and eflioiency of aircraft. The placing in operation of the new full+.oale wind tunnel and the new N. A. C. A. tank has made it possible to undertake problems which will have a very important beming on future aeronautical development. The use of these new pieces of equipment in conjunction with the other excellent facilities of the committee’s laboratories makes it possible for the committee to carry out research progrnms which cover the needs of both military and commercial aviation and sssure continued progress. Attention is invited to Part IV of the report, presenting a summary of technical developments in aero- nautics accomplished under the committee’s direction during the past year. Respectfully submitted. JOSEPHS. J!LMEB,Chairman. THE PRESIDENT, The WluiieHouse, Wwhin@n, D. C. v . ... -——- . .. .. -—...- ,:. -. ~LA_- , . -——:** —. A . 4 CONTENTS Page ktterof submittal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III Letter of trammittal ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P Eighteenth armual re~rt _________________________________________________________________________________ _____ 1 PART I. ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL ACTIVITIES Functions of the committee ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 Organization ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 The executive committee _______ .______-_____------__---__-__---_-_=------------------------------------------- 4 —- Subcomittew ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 The Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory--___---_-----=_________________________________________________ 6 The Office of Aeronautical IntWgence -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 _ ~—= Studyof akcraft accidenk ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6 —~ Ccmsiderationof ~ronautical bventions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 –- (koperation with the Army and the Na\'y----------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 —-— Relations with the akcrtit tidustry ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Financial report --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .8 _ PARTH. REPORTS OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEES Functions of the technical committees ---------------------------- _______________________________________________ 9 Report of committee on aerod~atim -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Report of committee onpower planti for aircraft_.-____----____----_-__---__-__------__------__----------------=_ 22 Report of committee onmatenals for akcraft -------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 —— Report of committee on problems of air navigation --------------------------------------------------------------- 34 ;- PARTHL TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ‘ Summarkof technical repoti _________________________________________________________________________________ 37 List of technical notes fssued during the pmtymr ---------------------------------------------------------------- 43 ,... List of technical memorandum issued during the past year -------------------------------------------------------- 49 List of aircraft circulars issued during the pmtymr --------------------------------------------------------------- 61 .— PARTIV. SUMMARY OF PROGRESS IN AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH Aerodynamic --------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 53 .— .= Akcrdten@nm__----__-----_---------------_--------------__------__-_----_--_:----------------------------- 56 . Materials and structures --------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 68 _.— Atiahips ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 Sugary ______________________ .__.----____------___---_-_-------._------__------_--------------------------T 60 –-— .~ VII TECHNICAL REPORTS Page No. 401. Combustion in a High-Speed Cbmpremion- No. 419. Wind-Tunnel Research Comparing Lateral Ignition Engine. By A. M. Rothrock----- 63 Control Devices, Particularly at High No. 402. Effect of Orifice Length-Diameter Ratio on Angles of Attack. I—Ordinary Ailerons on Fuel Sprays for Compression-Ignition En- Rectangular Wings. By Fred E. ‘Weick and gines. By A. G. Gela~w ________________ 79 Carl J. Wembger-------___ --—------- 357 No. 403. Ice Prevention on Aircraft by Means of Engine No. 420. Aircraft Speed Instrument. By K. Hilding Exhaust Heat and a Technical Study of Heat Beij__---_____---_____ --_-— ----------- 381 Transmission from a Clark Y Airfoil. By No. 421. Measurement of the Differential and Total Theodore Theodorsen and ‘William C. Clay_ 91 Thrust and Torque of Six Full-Scale Ad- No. 404. The Effect on Increaaed Carburetor Pressure on justabIe-Pitch Propellers. By George W. Engine Performance at Several Compression SticMe_---------- _-_--— ------------- 437 Ratios. By Oscar W. Schey and Vern G. lNo. 422. Wind-Tunnel Researoh Cbmparing Lateral Rob_________________________________ 113 Control Devices, Particularlyat High Angles No. 405. Application of Practical Hydrodynamics ta of Attack. II-Slotted AiIerons and Frise Airship Dasign. By Ralph H. UpsoDand Ailerons. By Fred E. Weick and Richard ~. A. ~fiOff_.-.-.--_-—--------------- 123 W_.Noyw__----_-_-_ ---___ --_____ ---—_ 457 . _: No. 406. Drop and Flight Tests on NY-2 Landing Gears No. 423. Wind-Tunnel Rmearch Comparing Lateral IncIuding Me~uremente, of Vertical Veloci- Control Devicm, Particularly at High Angles ties at Landing. By W. C. Peck and A. P. of Attack. IIl_-Ordinary Ailerom Rigged Bad---------------------------------- 141 Up 10° When Neutral. By Fred E. ‘iVeick h’o. 407. The Characteristics of a Clark Y Wing Model and Carl J. Wenzbger ----------------- 471 Equfpped with Several Forma of Lo&-Drag No. 424. ‘Wind-Tunnel Research Comparing Lateral Fixed Slots. By Fred E. Weick and Carl J. Control Devices, Particularly at High Wenzinger---- ------------------------ 166 Angles of Attack. IV—l?loating Tip AiIe- No. 408. General Formulas and Charts for the Calcula- rons on Rectangular ‘Wings. By Fred ,E. tion of Airplane Performance. By ‘W. Bailey Weick and Thomas A. Harris ____________ Oswald-__ -_.. --------. —---------_ —---- 163 No. 425. The Effect of Nozzle Design and Operating ATO.409. The Elimination of Fire Hazard Due to Back Conditiom on the Atomization and Dis- Fires. By Theodore Theodorsen and Ira M. tribution of Fuel Sprays. By Dana ‘W. Lee. 506 Freeman ------------------------------- 211 No. 426. The EMect of Humidity on Engine Power at No. 410. The Theory of Wind-Tunnel ‘Wall Interference. Altitude. By D. B, Brooks and E. A. By Theodore Theodorsen -----------------