Facultad De Ingeniería Eléctrica

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Facultad De Ingeniería Eléctrica Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Propuesta de Servicio de Directorio Activo en GNU/Linux mediante Samba4 Autor: Carlos Miguel Bustillo Rodríguez Tutor: Ing. Roberto Hiribarne Guedes Santa Clara 2012 "Año 54 de la Revolución" Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Propuesta de Servicio de Directorio Activo en GNU/Linux mediante Samba4 Autor: Carlos Miguel Bustillo Rodríguez Email: [email protected] Tutor: Ing. Roberto Hiribarne Guedes Profesor, Dpto. de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica Email: [email protected] Santa Clara 2012 "Año 54 de la Revolución" Hago constar que el presente trabajo de diploma fue realizado en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas como parte de la culminación de estudios de la especialidad de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica, autorizando a que el mismo sea utilizado por la Institución, para los fines que estime conveniente, tanto de forma parcial como total y que además no podrá ser presentado en eventos, ni publicados sin autorización de la Universidad. Firma del Autor Los abajo firmantes certificamos que el presente trabajo ha sido realizado según acuerdo de la dirección de nuestro centro y el mismo cumple con los requisitos que debe tener un trabajo de esta envergadura referido a la temática señalada. Firma del Autor Firma del Jefe de Departamento de Ing. Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica Firma del Responsable de Información Científico-Técnica i PENSAMIENTO “El genio es un uno por ciento de inspiración, y un noventa y nueve por ciento de transpiración.” Thomas Alva Edison Inventor estadounidense. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS Mis agradecimientos a: A Dios por inspirarme en los momentos oscuros. A mi Madre, a Elizabeth y a Teresa por su ayuda en la revisión de este trabajo. A mi antiguo Tutor y amigo Ramón Torres, que me enseñó a dar los primeros pasos en el mundo de Linux y las Redes de Computadoras. A mi tutor Roberto Hiribarne, por su constancia y dedicación. A mis compañeros de trabajo en el DIC, por su apoyo incondicional. A los trabajadores del Joven Club de Ranchuelo, gracias a ellos puse en práctica muchos de mis “experimentos”. A la dirección provincial de CADECA, en especial a Rodelsi, pues gracias a su gestión fue posible aplicar el trabajo en un entorno real. Al equipo de desarrollo de Samba (Samba Team) en especial a Andrew Bartlett y Amitay Issacs ya que sin ellos no hubiera sido posible la realización de este trabajo. Al Movimiento del Software Libre, por sus aportes en la sociedad. A todos aquellos a los que de una forma u otra participaron en la realización de este trabajo. iii DEDICATORIA A Dios por ser el creador de todo. A mis padres, por darme la vida. A mi abuela, que siempre está al tanto de mí. A mis hermanos por estar siempre a mi lado. A mi querida y amada esposa,Elizabeth, por ser mi apoyo y guía. A mi familia, por su apoyo y preocupación. A mi tutor Roberto Hiribarne, por su esmero y dedicación. A mi amigo Leopoldo Cruz, por ser mi tutor en Electrónica. A mis amigos Luis Armando, Yasmany, Humberto, Reinier y Rafael. A mis compañeros de clases, que siempre estuvieron cuando los necesité. iv TAREA TÉCNICA 1. La realización de un estudio de las principales variantes de controladores de dominio basados en GNU/Linux. 2. El análisis de la infraestructura que posee la Universidad para aplicar la nueva implementación. 3. La instalación, configuración y administración de los controladores de dominio basados en Samba4. 4. La sincronización entre Samba4 y Microsoft Active Directory, y viceversa. 5. La configuración de los clientes contra Samba4. 6. La evaluación de la efectividad de la propuesta de la implementación de un dominio basado en Samba4. Firma del Autor Firma del Tutor v RESUMEN Debido a la política trazada en el país de migración hacia plataformas de Software Libre surgió la necesidad de encontrar una propuesta que permita sustituir los actuales controladores de dominio basados en Windows Server. Se procedió a un estudio de las principales implementaciones existentes de servicios de directorios para entornos empresariales destacándose por sus prestaciones y nivel de compatibilidad, Samba4. Para facilitar el proceso de migración se propuso la metodología de instalación y administración de un controlador de dominio basado en dicha implementación. Se montaron dos escenarios de pruebas para comprobar su funcionamiento, la replicación de información entre Windows y Samba4, y la unión al dominio de los clientes con el sistema operativo de Microsoft o distribuciones GNU/Linux. A partir del primer escenario se comprobó la estabilidad, seguridad y compatibilidad con cualquier tipo de sistema operativo cliente en un dominio basado completamente en Samba4. El segundo escenario se dedicó al estudio de la efectividad del proceso de replicación entre ambas tecnologías, con resultados satisfactorios. La investigación demostró ser la alternativa libre al Directorio Activo de Microsoft, entre otros aspectos, por no requerir licencias de uso, lo que significa un ahorro en la economía del país. vi TABLA DE CONTENIDOS PENSAMIENTO ..................................................................................................................... i AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................................... ii DEDICATORIA ................................................................................................................... iii TAREA TÉCNICA ................................................................................................................ iv RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................. v INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................. 1 Organización del informe ................................................................................................... 4 CAPÍTULO 1. SERVICIOS DE DIRECTORIO DE APLICACIÓN EMPRESARIAL ... 5 1.1 Servicio de Directorio .............................................................................................. 5 1.2 Implementaciones de Servicio de Directorio Empresarial ....................................... 6 1.3 Directorio Activo de Microsoft ................................................................................ 9 1.3.1 Estructura ........................................................................................................ 11 1.3.2 Funciones ........................................................................................................ 15 1.3.3 Tipos de Servidores ........................................................................................ 15 1.3.4 Funcionamiento .............................................................................................. 17 1.3.5 Principales protocolos ..................................................................................... 19 1.3.6 Características ................................................................................................. 22 1.4 Directorio Activo de Samba ................................................................................... 23 1.4.1 Estructura ........................................................................................................ 24 1.4.2 Funciones ........................................................................................................ 24 vii 1.4.3 Tipos de Servidores ........................................................................................ 24 1.4.4 Funcionamiento .............................................................................................. 24 1.4.5 Principales protocolos ..................................................................................... 26 1.4.6 Características ................................................................................................. 27 1.5 Conclusiones .......................................................................................................... 28 CAPÍTULO 2. METODOLOGÍA DE INSTALACIÓN Y ADMINISTRACIÓN DE SAMBA4 29 2.1 Samba4 Active Directory ....................................................................................... 29 2.1.1 Requerimientos ............................................................................................... 31 2.2 Entorno de trabajo .................................................................................................. 31 2.2.1 Debian ............................................................................................................. 32 2.2.2 Ubuntu ............................................................................................................ 33 2.2.3 Elección de las distribuciones ......................................................................... 35 2.3 El proceso de migración ......................................................................................... 35 2.4 Instalación y configuración de Samba4 ................................................................. 38 2.5 Administración de los servidores ........................................................................... 42 2.5.1 Samba-tool ...................................................................................................... 42 2.5.2 Herramienta de administración remota de servidores (RSAT) ....................... 43 2.5.3 Consola de
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