1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7517 titioning consideration of their resolution 178. Also, petition of the chef de gare, tton of· S. 1138, a biU to extend education with reference to recommending the coun­ Voiture No. 165, La Societe des 40 Hommes and training benefits to veterans, who en­ sel of George Washington in coping with et 8 Chevaux, Medford, Oreg., petitioning tered military service from February 1, 1955, present perils to mankind; to the Commit­ consideration of their resolution with ref­ and as long as the draft shall continue; to tee on Foreign Affairs. erence to requesting favorable considera- the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. ·

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Address by Hon. Jennings Randolph, of In implementing this concern, our work­ icine for the purpose of offering basic in­ shop here has kept pace with the develop­ struction in rehabilitation. West Virginia, at Dedication of Shel­ ment in the philosophy of the sheltered The Veterans' Administration is pioneer­ workshop movement. We have, in keeping ing new fields through its current study of tered Workshop and Rehabilitation with the development of the Goodwill In­ occupations held by epileptics and the home­ - Center Building, Davis Memorial Good­ dustries nationally, advanced from the con­ bound disabled-hoping to achieve for these cept of the sheltered workshop as primarily groups what its previous studies did for the will ~ndustries, Washington, D.C. and almost exclusively a place of terminal blind and paraplegics. employment, to the acceptance of a dual Thus, on many fronts there are signs of EXTENSION OF REMARKS function-on the one hand, offering con­ real and substantial progress. However, OF tinuous or recurrent employment for those there remain several specific areas in which for whom opportunities in competitive em­ there is a compelling need for greater ef­ HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH ployment do not exist, and on the other, fort-each of which ultimately resolves it­ providing a transitional and diagnostic work self into a question of communicating our OF WEST VIRGINIA experience for those who will graduate into message to the larger national community. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES competitive employment. I need not labor here the general problem Tuesclay, May 5, 1959 The ability to perform adequately this of creating a more favorable climate for the dual function is now assured, not only by employment of the physically handicapped. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, I ask these new physical facilities, but also by For you ladies and gentlemen are well aware unanimous consent to have printed in the the excellent professional team of the of this and of the employment record of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address deliv­ Davis Memorial-including a. physician, handicapped persons-in such matters as ered by me at the dedication of the nurse, medical social worker, psychologist, safety, low absenteeism and low turnover, Sheltered Workshop and Rehabilitation occupational therapist, physical therapist, and high productivity. and prevocational supervisor. However, I would like to refer you to an Center Building, Davis Memorial Good­ Thus ha'S almost a quarter of a century's observation made somewhat more than a year will Industries, Washington, D.C., May striving finally been rewarded with the physi­ ago, by Mr. A. J. Hayes, president, the Inter­ 3, 1959. cal and professional facilities necessary to national Association of Machinists. As Mr. There being no objection, the address carry on the thrilling and dramatic task­ Hayes stated: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the task of restoring disabled men and "In our goal to place the handicapped in as follows: women to lives of fruitful, constructive, and jobs, we are still not being fair with prospec­ independent endeavor. tive employers in most cases. We produce REMARKS BY U.S. SENATOR JENNINGS RAN­ The growth of our facilities and achieve­ records proving that the handicapped are DOLPH AT THE DAVIS MEMORIAL GOODWILL ments here in Washington has been paral­ able, loyal, productive and safe workers. But INDUSTRIES DEDICATION OF THE SHELTERED leled by advancement throughout the Nation in the vast majority of our States, we leave WORKSHOP AND REHABILITATION CENTER as well. The Goodwill Industries together employers of handicapped workers open to BuiLDING, WASHINGTON, D.C., MAY 3, 1959 provided training, rehab1litation, and em­ unfair liability in case of injuries to the General Maas, President Dulin, officers and ployment last year for some 32,000 men and handicapped. It is true that 43 of our 48 members of the board of trustees, staff mem­ women, with wages of $16,500,000 going to State workmen's compensation laws have bers of the Davis Memorial Goodwill Indus­ persons in training and workshop employ­ provisions for some sort of second injury tries and guests, today we begin the ob­ ment. fund. But the real fact is that fewer servance of the 25th anniversary of the Good­ In the Federal-State program of voca­ than a dozen States have second injury funds will Industries in Washington. Today we tional rehabilitation there has also been of the type which really a{)complish their dedicate this rehab1litation center building to marked progress during the past year. · Ac­ objective. The rest of them leave employ­ the further advancement of the cause for cording to Secretary Flemming, in his section ers wide open to extensive and unfair liabil­ which so many of you have worked so tire­ of the recent special report to the President ity for subsequent injuries to handicapped lessly and devotedly-the cause of justice, from the Committee on Employment of the persons. The result, of course, is to deny not charity, for the handicapped-the justice Physically Handicapped: "Another measure handicapped job applicants a fair oppor­ of equality of opportunity. of growth is the fact that over a quarter of a tunity of finding employment." This building crowns with success the ef­ million handicapped persons were served by Thus, the revision of State laws in this forts of many years, the hopes we have so the State rehabilitation agencies last year." field offers us, I believe, one of the major long maintained for expanding opportuni­ While, and I again quote from Secretary challenges in the effort to further equality of ties to the disabled, and offers rich reward Flemming,"* • * nearly 75,000 handicapped opportunity for the handicapped. for the sacrifices and discomforts that staff individuals received rehabilitation services In closing, I would now like to address the members and workers have borne during this and were established in useful jobs. This relationship of employment of the handi­ period of transition. It is with gratitude and was an increase of more than 3,000 over the capped to the needs of our Nation's produc­ thanksgiving to all of those who have con­ previous year." tive s:sstem as a whole. It is estimated­ tributed to its realization that we observe Similar progress has been achieved in the· according to the U.S. Department of La.bor­ this latest milestone in the growth of the field of research and the training of profes­ 'that some 74 million employees will be Davis Memorial. It is indeed a fitting climax sional personnel-the two areas on which needed to produce the $560 billion gross na­ to our first quarter century of existence and the future depends most heavily for con­ tional product set as a goal for 1965. a hopeful portent of the future. tinued development. In 1958 the Office of On the basis of recent trends- and as­ We h ave traveled far from those modest Vocational Rehabilitation approved grants suming a prosperous peacetime economy­ beginnings in 1935 when the operations of for 81 new research projects covering a wide we may reasonably expect to have a total the Davis Memorial were limited to the range of rehabilitation problems, while cur­ labor force of approximately 79 million in workshop offering employment to a compara­ rently there are more than 150 such projects 1965. This 79 million labor force would in ­ tive handful of disabled men and women. underway. clude an estimated 3 million persons in the In those 24 years the Goodwill Industries Today, as a result of Federal training, Armed Forces, a minimum of 2 million un­ here in Washington has employed over grants from the Office of Vocational Reha­ employed, and the remainder-74 million Jn 7,000 workers at wages totaling more than bilitation, more than 300 graduate students civilian employment. Thus it would appear that the 1965 labor supply will be numer­ $5 million. finish their work each year to enter State While today, with an annual budget ap­ ically adequate. proaching the million dollar mark, employ­ and private agencies, compared to about a But what are the full implications of this ment has reached 275 daily, and in 5 years dozen a year prior to the OVR program. figure? Half of this increase of almost 10. is expected to be doubled. Yet such statis­ In addition, training grants were made last inillion will be accounted for by women­ t ics do not alone tell the full story. year to 30 approved residency training pro-­ most of whom will be in the younger and For today, as in the past, the concern o~ grams in physical medicine and rehabilita­ older. age groups. Among men, the largest the Davis Memorial has been for the dis­ tion, covering traineeships for approximately increase will be in the 14-24 age group­ abled man or woman as an individual per­ 145 physicians,· while grants have also been young men entering the labor force for the son-not as a figure on the balance sheet. made to 25 of the 82 approved schools of med- first time.· The next-largest increase will be ,7518 - CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD--- - HOUSE- May -5- in the 45-54 age group, and the remainder, association, itself, is the oldest tr!'tde asso­ tions: First, are we really prepared to meet a 1 million, in the 55 years-and-over group. ciation in the construction industry and determined adversary on three fronts simul­ Most of the increase in our labor force by represents a most progressive entity which taneously? Second, if we are not, what 1965 will therefore be in the younger· and has contributed substantiaUy to the Ameri­ should we do to become better prepared? older age groups. - · can way of life. The industry has helped Berlin alone may test us to the limit. * • * Another factor which must be taken into America achieve the highest standards of But this much we can say for the Berlin account is the effect of permanent and tem­ health, sanitation and comfort in the world. situation. We are entering into negotiations porary disabilities incurred on the job. Ac­ In its 77th year I am pleased to report wit h the strength of a united Western posi­ cording to the current issue of the Monthly that the association has been under the very tion. We have the support of Britain, Labor Review, there were in 1958 1,810,000 able leadership of an outstanding native son France, West Germany, and our other NATO such injuries, of which 75,700 were perma­ of Florida. His name is Mr. John M. partners. nently disabling. The total loss of man-days, Rhoades, of Sarasota, Fla. As president of Our present policy in the Formosan that is, immediate and future as a result of the association, he has served with honor Strait enjoys_ no such united support. Our deaths and permanent impairments, is esti­ and distinction. Through his efforts, the only ally there is Chiang Kai-shek. mated at 160 million, or the equivalent of a convention and exposition was brought to Tonight, I want to focus my attention on year's full-time employment of about 515,- Florida for the first time in the association's the third potentially explosive situation­ 000 workers. 77-year history. the Middle East. I fear that our economic, Add to this figure those who will develop Florida is particularly proud of John political, and military policies are not ade­ service-connected disabilities and those who Rhoades, not only for the contribution quate to a serious challenge in this area. will be partia-lly disabled by home and traffic which he has made to this great industry, Further, I do not think we are doing all we accidents, and it becomes apparent that the but as a citizen who h as served well his should do to improve our position. numerically adequate labor force of 1965 will community, his State, and his Nation. Consider the challenge and the stakes. depend greatly on what we do to keep· it The Soviet Union is engaging in a massive numerically adequate. program of economic penetration into that Part of the answer will lie in full employer strategic, oil-rich area. Her aim is not to utilization of the physically handicapped­ foster economic development nor to encour­ and older workers-with employment by United States, Israel, and the World age genuine national self-determination. selective placement being the rule and not Crises Her aim is to expel Western influence and to the exception. The U.S. Civil Service Com­ expand the Communist empire. Testimony mission has offered a guide in its pamphlet submitted by the State Department in re­ on selective placement and-according to . EXTENSION OF REMARKS cent weeks shows that the U.S.S.R. is com­ Chairman Harris Ellsworth-is continuing OF mitted to lend Egypt and Syria, the United its investigation by conducting a survey of Arab Republic, a total of $949 million in approximately 30 of the larger agencies in HON. PAUL H; DOUGLAS economic and military aid. this area. OF ILLINOIS Last week the Soviet Union announced However, the Government in this field can IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES economic aid to Iraq, totaling $138 million. only propose; it remains for the local com­ This is in addition to the $120 million in mil­ munity and the individual businessmen to Tuesday, May 5, 1959 l tary aid previously disclosed. dispose. Thus, we return again to the prob­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I ask The pattern is ominous. The Russians are lem of communication. · Our responsibility unanimous consent to have printed in clearly exploiting ·the Arab hostility toward is clear; not only to communicate to prospec­ Israel to achieve her political purposes in tive employers that sound business recom­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the very the Mediterranean world. mends the employment of the handicapped, tho-qghtful and forward-looking speech In the face of this, it is my firm con­ but that justice requires it-justice, not about the situation in the Middle East viction that the United States response has charity. For it is justice and the right to by the distinguished senior Senator from been less t~an adequate. equality of opportunity which make viable Minnesota [Mr. HuMPHREY].· delivered in the claim of the handicapped to a life of Chicago on th.e occasion of the Jewish • • • independence and a share in the fruits of I do not suggest that we should compete our democracy. National Fund dinner to honor that able with the Russi~ns in every country where jurist and devoted public servant, Judge they have established a foothold, regardless Abraham Marovitz on April 1, 1959. of the internal political situation. There being no objection, the address · If we compete wherever the Soviet Union was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, offers an aid program we shall be letting Annual Convention of National Associa­ as follows: Moscow decide how we shall deploy our aid. If we did, the Russians might well tempt us tion of Plumbing Contractors UNITED STATES, ISRAEL, AND THE WORLD CRISES into wasteful squander. (Excerpts from remarks prepared for deliv- I do submit, however, that in countries EXTENSION OF REMARKS ery by Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY , Dem­ where the people and government under­ OF ocrat, of Minnesota, at Jewish National stand our .objectives and are struggling to Fund dinner honoring Judge Abraham attain political and economic freedom, we HON. GEORGE A. SMATHERS Marowitz, Chicago, Ill., April 1, 1959) should be maintaining and, yes, expanding OF FLORIDA In the past 3 months the American people our program of assistance and cooperation. have focused their attention on the Berlin There are countries in Asia and Aft:ica, like IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES crisis, almost to the exclusion of any other India and Israel, where the rule of law pre­ vails and where democracy is cherished and Tuesday, ~ay 5, 1959 international problem. This preoccupation with Berlin is understandable, but it can be preserved. Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I dangerous. It can be dangerous because What happens in these countries is crucial ask unanimous consent to have printed that divided city is not the only potential for the free world. If these countries falter in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a state­ source of open international conflict. and fail, then other n ations in Asia and ment which I have prepared relating to The war which nobody wants could be Africa may turn the Soviet way. It is sound sparked in Berlin. It could also start in policy to continue and increase economic the forthcoming 77th annual convention aid where our dollars work and fight for free­ of the National Association of Plumbing Quemoy or Baghdad. The delicate Berlin situation is the most dom. Contractors to be held at Miami Beach, serious crisis we have faced since the Ko­ • • • • Fla., from May 31 to June 4, of this year. rean war, and patentially the most serious I do not need to tell this audience how There being no objection, the state­ Communist challenge since the end of World important it is to maintain our program for ment was ordered to be printed in the War II. But it is not the only crisis. Israel. In 1951 I was one of the 36 Senators RECORD, as follows: The crisis in the Formosan Strait, although who joined in sponsoring legislation in the relatively quiet at the moment, is also full Senate calling for a grant for Israel. STATEMENT BY SENATOR SMATHERS of danger. -And matters are boiling up again At that time Israel was struggling to re­ Between the dates of May 31 and June 4, in the turbulent Middle East. Iraq, our for­ settle hundreds of thousands of Jewish 1959, at Miami Beach, Fla., the National mer ally, has renounced her membership in refugees from the displaced persons camps Association of Plumbing Contractors will the Baghdad Pact. And what is more im­ in Europe and from the Arab countries in hold their 77th annual convention. On portant, it looks as though this important Asia and Africa. these same dates there will also be a Na­ Middle Eastern country may be slipping from The Congress provided $63 million as a tional Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Ex­ the twilight zone of neutralism into the grant to help Israel meet a tremendous crisis position to demonstrate the progress of this midnight darkness of communism. • • • created by her own humanitarian impulses. indUstry. In short, we are confronted with the pos­ In subsequent years the U.S. Government It is the largest annual· conclave of the sibility of a three-headed crisis--in Ger­ has continued aid to Israel, and we are glad combined plumbing, heating, and air condi­ many, in the Formosan Strait, and in the to see her tremendous gains. She has tripled tioning industry in the United States. The Middle East. This raises two serious ques- her population, absorbed newcomers from 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7519 all over the world, provided them with sanc­ as much to help the people to utilize their who each day protect the- lives of class­ tuary, enabled them to work and prosper. water resources as we have done to find their mates · at school crossings in communities This spectacular demonstration of how a cll. . throughout the country: government has been able to unite and fully Eventually, we will make it clear to these According to a survey, the school patrol employ the three major resources-land, peoples that we have no imperialist interest, program, since it was launched in 1922, has water, and people-is proving to be an in­ and that our major objectives are to help reduced the traffic fatality rate of children spir ation to the new countries in Asia and friendly peoples befriend each other, work between the ages of 5 and 14 by nearly one­ Africa as well as to free countries in Europe in cooperation and preserve their own inde­ half. This is, in itself, a splendid tribute to and thi·s Hemisphere. All of us have much pendence and sovereignty. the merits of this outstanding program. to learn from modern Israel. She is serving Let no one in the Near East, whether he the cause of democracy on a critical fron­ be a local ruler or a distant commissar de­ tier-a great ally. ceive himself into believing that he can In recent years the U.S. aid program to dominate this region and use these people Israel has changed. As she has made progress to serve his own ambitions for power. Inflation Can Destroy Us our Government has enabled her to purchase Let the peoples of the Middle East under­ surplus foods and has loaned to her money stand that each nation there is entitled to EXTENSION OF REMARKS from the Development Loan Fund. The live its own life and a much fuller life than OF amount that we have been granting Israel it leads today, free from the aggression and has declined from a peak of $70 million in subversion of enemies, free in the evolution HON. JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY 1953 to $7V2 million in the current year. of its own destiny. Our policy in the Near OF WYOMING This may be an encouraging reflection of East should continue to help the govern­ Israel's progress. But I hope that we will ments there maintain their political inde­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES continue grant aid to Israel as long as she pendence and at the same time expand the Tuesday, May 5, 1959 needs it and can use it as creatively as she opportunities for economic development and has in the past. cultural self-expression for their people. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, or­ The administration has indicated that aid When the peoples of the Near East come ganized big business is conducting a na­ to Israel may now come to an end, and that to understand that our policy serves their tionwide campaign to convince little assistance to Israel will consist entirely of own best interests they will work with us business that a bill which I have intro­ surplus foods. In my judgment it would be to resolve conflicts, strengthen democracy, duced to put a brake upon inflation is a serious mistake to terminate economic as­ and preserve peace. sistance to this democratic country at a against the interests of all business. time when she still has massive economic This is a misrepresentation, which would problems growing out of her need to resettle be apparent to anybody who has had the her vast new population, and to build a viable opportunity to examine the census of economy. Salute to School Safety Patrols manufactures recently compiled by the In addition, Israel stands alone in the Bureau of the Census. An analysis of area. She must be able to defend herself. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the concentration of economic power I noted a few moments ago the massive aid OF the U.S.S.R. is pouring into Iraq, Egypt, and based upon this census shows that in the Syria. The Soviet Union is extending this HON. ALEXANDER WILEY industries on which our economy de­ elaborate assistance to Israel's hostile Arab pends, more than 50 percent of the total neighbors. On top of this the United States OF WISCONSIN output is handled by eight or fewer cor­ has been furnishing military aid to Jordan, IN T~ SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES porations. Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and until last July Tuesday, May 5, 1959 Without giving the Federal Trade to Iraq. Commission or any other agency the Israel has not received a single penny of Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, this week grant military aid. Thus, it would be wrong right to put any ceiling on prices or to school safety patrols from Wisconsin prohibit any price increase, I have intro­ from every standpoint to end our grant eco­ and all over the country will be attend­ nomic aid to Israel now. duced this bill, S. 215, to provide that in ing the national school assembly here in the case of any line of commerce a cor­ • Washington. I do not need to tell this audience what poration falling into this category in Israel's development can mean, for you who As a salute to this splendid program, which eight or fewer corporations handle were pioneers in the Jewish National Fund I ask unanimous consent to have a brief 50 percent or more of the total output were the first to show the Near East how to statement on its merits printed in the shall give advance notice to the Federal reclaim barren and neglected lands. RECORD. Trade Commission, the Department of You may take pride in the fact that you There being no objection, the state­ Justice, and the Congress of the United not only helped to restore the people of ment was ordered to be printed in the States, before making such price in­ Israel to their ancient homeland, you may RECORD, as follows: derive satisfaction from the significant fact crease effective. that all over Asia and Africa today the story STATEMENT BY SENATOR WILEY We have had no hesitation in provid­ of Israel's challenging and exciting restora­ The promotion of greater safety through ing a cooling-off period in the case of tion is being told and is being emulated. the school safety patrol program is indeed labor. I see no reason why we should How gratifying it is to know that 70 coun­ an outstanding program for instilling in our hesitate to provide a cooling-off period tries of the world have now recognized Is­ youth the necessity of ever-greater safety in in cases such as are covered by this bill, rael, and that beyond the immediate perim­ the protection of life and limb. cases which can easily produce inflation eter of Arab hostility and blockade there I am delighted that between 350 and 400 are peoples and governments which share our safety patrols from Wisconsin will be in that will destroy the country. own understanding of Israel's restoration. Washington for the 23d national assembly In order that the full text of my open­ Many of these countries have offered her and parade. ing statement explaining the bill may be sympathy and cooperation. · According to preliminary estimates, it is :;tvailable in the RECORD, I ask unanimous Israel's growing acceptance in the fra­ expected that over 30,000 young people from consent that my statement, entitled "In­ ternity of freedom must be recognized throughout the Nation will participate. The flation Can Destroy Us," may be printed eventually by her Arab neighbors who sur­ various civic and fraternal groups, business at length. round her and who still persist in blockade firms, schools, and PTA's, labor organiza­ There being no objection, the state­ and belligerency. tions, and individuals who have contributed ment was ordered to be printed in the I have always believed that an Arab-Israel financially to make this trip possible for the REcORD, as follows: peace will come. It may take time, for the delegates are, indeed, to be commended. Near East is still tormented and tortured by According to plans as outlined by Mr. B. INFLATION CAN DESTROY Us divisions and tensions. But the internal A. Precourt, safety director for the American (Opening remarks of Senator JosEPH C. Arab conflict that now disrupts the region Automobile Association, Wisconsin division, O'MAHONEY, Democrat of Wyoming, before is not an outgrowth of the Arab-Israel ten­ which coordinates arrangements for the Senate Judiciary Antitrust and Monopoly sion. It arises from poverty and the in­ State group, a record number of about 16 Subcommittee at hearing on his bill, S. 215, evitable clash between the haves and the Wisconsin communities will send delegates to to require concentrated industries to file have-nots. Unfortunately, most of the Arabs this year's assembly. These communities in­ advance notice before increasing prices, are have-nots. They are the victims of clude Adams, Eau Claire, Elkhorn, Hudson, April 23, 1959) frustration and are easily incited by dema­ La Crosse, Madison, Plymouth, Prairie du Mr. Chairman, certainly nobody could ask gogues who play upon their misery. Chien, Racine, Reeseville, St. Francis, Strum, for a more cordial generous and perhaps I hope that our country will help the peo­ Wausau, Wauwatosa, West Allis, and White­ exaggerated introduction than that which I ples of the Near East to a better life. The hall. have had at your hands this morning. answer to the Soviet Union is not in arms, This colorful event is a tribute to the Na­ I wanted the opportunity to discuss this but economic development. We must do tion's more than 750,000 patrol members bill because I think that we are dealing with 7520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 5 one of the most serious problems that this said, that the credit of this Government it­ the census of manufacturers was made for Nation ever faced. In fact we are in this self may be destroyed. To destroy this the year 1954. country now beginning to form the outlines credit (and it is only necessary to read the In 1954, there were 5,470 corporations pro­ of the world in which the next generations daily reports of the market value of Gov­ ducing $3,067,017,000 worth of bread and will live. ernment securities to know that the Gov­ related products for sale in the United States. Things are changing so rapidly that we ernment credit is worsening) is the prin­ Out of this total, the 20 largest companies ourselves--this ge1;1eration I mean-may live cipal objective of Soviet policy in the eco­ produced 40 percent, the 8 largest companies in this new world which will not be a free nomic war. Moscow knows that the free 31 percent, and the 4 largest 20 percent. world, a democratic world, a people's world, world depends upon the United States for Much as I dislike to leave this concentration unless we now in places of leadership and its survival. Moscow knows that many gov­ of the production of bread for the people of legislative and executive power open our eyes ernments in the past have been destroyed the United States out of the scope of my bill, to what is going on. by inflation, and the economic war which I did so because I wanted to point directly The time has come to put the brakes on in­ Soviet Russia is now waging against the at the meaning of control which exists when flation. It is a task which may be accom­ United States is designed to add the name eight large companies handle 50 percent or plished only by the cooperation of leaders in of this country to the list of those which more of the total output. business and the leaders in labor, working have perished from inflation in the past. Fluid milk and similar produces, like bread, in cooperation with the Government. BILL IS FIRST STEP TO HALT INFLATION constitute a familiar food in every house­ This Nation can no longer be content hold. In 1954, 4,572 corporations were en­ merely to drift with the times, for, if we This is why we must put the brakes on gaged in this business, and the value of their do, not only will the cost of living and the inflation now. The bill which I have intro­ shipments amounted to $4,233,983,000. cost of doing business, as well as the cost of duced, S. 215, and which is the subject of The 20 largest produced 36 percent, the 8 Government, increase, but we shall be giving this morning's hearing, is intended to be a largest 29 percent, the 4 largest 23 percent. meekly to Communist Russia the principal first step to bring inflation under control. I The meaning of this concentration becomes weapon by which it hopes to destroy the do not pretend that this measure is a cure­ clearer when I put it this way: Of 4,572 cor­ system of private property. ·an. It is not price control, but it does con­ porations engaged in the production of fluid stitute an invitation to the leaders of con­ TREASURY BORROWING CREATES ARTIFICIAL milk and similar products, less than one two­ centrated industry, on both the management hundredths of the total number handled 36 MONEY side and on the labor side, to avoid price These are no idle words. I call as a wit­ percent of the entire business. increases for the products they manufacture On the other end of the scale where we ness the Secretary of the Treasury, Robert and sell without first showing at a public B. Anderson, speaking in New York only last find that local companies do little or none hearing that there is good sound reason for of the business, we find a concentration of Monday. In simple, blunt language, he said: the increases. "This country cannot have an enduring even greater dimensions. There were 102 bright economic future with inflation." WOULD HOLD DO\VN PRICES corporations classified as steel works and To illustrate his point, he described the This is not a punitive bill. It does not rolling mills in 1954. Approximately one­ dilemma in which the Treasury finds itself impose any penalty for price increases. It fifth of the 102, or 20, did 85 percent of when without funds raised by taxation on levies no fine except a nominal fine of not all the steel business in America that year. hand to pay the bills the Federal Govern­ less than $5,000 nor more than $50,000 upon The eight largest did 70 percent, and the ment has incurred, the Treasury is compelled any corporation "wilfully failing to give the four largest 54 percent. Steel is an es­ to negotiate short-term loans. notice" of its proposed price increases. I sential commodity for business, industry "If," said the Secretary, "I called up a am confident that no corporation will wil­ and Government throughout the Nation. ]:>ank and said, 'Will you loan me $100 mil­ fully fail to give this notice. So the question When the price of steel goes up, the effect lion at 3¥2 percent interest for 6 months if arises, what does big management have to is felt throughout the Nation, but, obvious­ I send you over a note to the effect?' the fear by explaining to the people, through ly, when only four companies handle over banker would probably say, 'Yes, I will.' notice to the Federal Trade Commission, 54 percent· of the total output the decisions "Where would he get the $100 million that it has sound reason for increasing the of the managers of those four companies with which to credit the account of the cost of its products? inevitably sway the decisions of the man­ U.S. Treasury? Would he ta.ke it from the This is a measure designed to prevent by agers of all the rest. account of someone else? No, certainly not. the light of advance publicity alone unnec­ Certainly this is true when the time comes He would merely create that much money, essary and unwarranted price increases at a to pricing the product. · subject to reserve requirements, by credit­ time when all the people and all governments The same is true with petroleum refin­ ing our account in that sum and accepting in the United States, local, State, and Na­ ing. Here in 1954 there were 253 com­ the Government's note as an asset. When tional, are suffering seriously from inflation. panies. The value of all the shipments I had finished writing checks for $100 mil­ The bill was prompted by the fact that the was found by the Bureau of the Census lion the operation would have added that increasing concentration of economic power to be $11,757,218,000. The 20 largest com­ sum to the money supply." in the hands of giant corporations is giving panies handled 84 percent of the total busi­ INFLATION CAN DESTROY GOVERNMENT to big business management the power to ness, the eight largest 56 percent, and the regulate commerce, which the COnstitution four largest 33 percent. Let us state this This is an example of how inflation hits 'in reverse order. With the 20 largest of the Nation itself. It causes the creation of the United States gave to Congress. "Concentration of economic power" is an the 253 companies in the business of pe­ of artifiCial money, and the more arti­ troleum refining handling 84 percent of the ficial money the Treasury creates, the great­ easy phrase to use, to be sure, but it is dif­ ficult to define simply. Sometimes by busi­ ·output, it is clear that 233 companies had er is the danger. How great it is at this to be satisfied with only 16 percent of the moment is proven by the fact that there ness management it is regarded merely as a derogatory phrase used by leftists who would business. In steel, 82 of the 102 corpora­ are now outstanding against the great Gov­ tions had to get along with only 15 per­ ernment of the United States more than like· to "soak the rich," as they say. It is nothing of the sort. It represents a harsh cent of the business. This is obviously $74 blllion in bills and notes payable in concentration of control. less than a year. This is why the national fact of our economic system, which, if not debt is increasing. It has already reached recognized by leaders in business, in labor, I want to emphasize at this point, Mr. the highest peak in history and there is no and in Government, may well destroy our Chairman, that I am not for Government present outlook for its reduction. Indeed, system of government. control. Neither am I for private control in the hands of managers who are able to we are given to understand that the Treas­ HANDFUL OF CORPORATIONS CONTROL PRICES OF ·write their own tickets of responsibility, ury Department wlll again this year ask ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES Congress to pass a new law to raise the power and duties. The Bureau of the Census has proven the · In 1954, 109 corporations were engaged ceiling on the national debt. -amazing nature of this concentration by It is easy to say that the Government in the manufacture of tin cans and other means of the census of manufacture. This tinware, according to the Census Bureau. should stop spending, but we are launched Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, upon a national program of defense and The total value of the shipments that year mutual security for which no new taxes are through a scientfic analysis of the census, was $1,366,766,000. Of this total, the 20 proposed and which, therefore, compels the has proven that this concentration places largest companies handled 96 percent, the Government to continue borrowing from in the hands of private management the eight largest handled 88 percent, and the the banks and thereby injuring the credit power to control prices on commodities rang­ four largest handled 80 percent. Or, stated of the United States. ing from those which go upon the table of in other words, 89 of all of the 109 corpora­ Many of our leaders talk about economic every family in the United States to those -tions engaged in this business had to b3 growth and the necessity of expending which make up the end products of all our satisfied with a mere 4 percent of the total funds which the Treasury does not have, basic industries. output. Thus does the concept of compe­ . but must create with ~he banks and tition vanish, as well as the concept of local through the banks to prompte this . eco­ CENSUS OF MANUFACTURING SHOWS HIGH business, local competition. nomic growth. It is my contention that CONCENTRATION IN INDUSTRY It must be recognized, of course, by any­ economic growth with the national debt Let us take some instances from the body who is familiar with modern industry at an all-time peak cannot be created by commodities, the v~lue of which in national of this type that big business is essential. increasing that debt, The danger is, as I trade amounted to $1 billion and over when There can be no doubt about that. We can- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7521 not turn the clock back to the days when month when more than 1,300 persons On this auspicious and patriotic oc­ there were steel businesses-! was going to will travel by air to Jerusalem to attend casion our great Virginia Senator took say in almost every county of the United the triennial convention of B'nai B'rith. time also to refer to the deplorable con­ States, but scattered through the States. We cannot go bac'k to those days because More than 1,000 of these delegates and dition existing in this country as a direct times have changed. But we must make participants will :fly from the United result of the ineptitude, if not, indeed, sure, if we want economic freedom, that the States. the venality, of the Warren court. public knows what is going on before the I am proud of the fact that 14 con­ I am confident that the address of sledgehammer hits them by price increases. stituents of mine, representing the B'nai Senator BYRD will be read and appre­ In tires and inner tubes, there were only 27 B'rith organizations of Connecticut, will ciated by many Members of the Con­ corporat ions producing these commodities in take part in this histo.ric expedition. In gress, as well as by thousands of Ameri­ 1954. The value of the shipments was almost $2 billion, $1,841,732,000. The 4 largest com­ this group will be Commissioner Sol can citizens. The address is as follows: panies produced 79 percent of the total, the Bernstein and Morris Winikoff, of I am deeply grateful for this opportunity 8 largest 91 percent, and the 20 largest 99- Waterbury; Herbert D. Setlow and Ben­ to join with you in the celebration of the pl us percent. jamin Lavietes, of New Haven; Mr. and Bicentennial Anniversary of Fauquier So the story goes from beginning to end. Mrs. Samuel Kellin, of Hartford; Mr. County. Out of the 65 industries classified by the and Mrs. Irving Rubinstein, Jack R. First, I want to congratulate you on your Bureau of the Census as producing ship­ Nowitz, and Mr. and Mrs. Philip Kaplan, fine representation in the government of ments worth $1 billion or more, in 26 cases of Bridgeport; Sol Robinson and Ted our State and Nation. They are fine citi­ the largest 8 controlled more than 50 per­ zens of the highest caliber and unquestion­ cent. Out of a total of 252 industries pro­ C. Gorman, of Danbury; and Miss Fan­ ·able integrity. ducing commodities the shipments of which nie Resnick, of Durham. I want to pay especial tribute to your were valued at $100 million to $999 million, All of us who are familiar with the State senator, Bob Button, and your dele­ those in which 8 corporations produced 50 great work which B'nai B'rith has done gate to the Virginia House, Tom Frost. In percent or more numbered 112. to combat intolerance will join in wish­ all respects, they uphold the great tradi­ MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNMENT CAN COOPERATE ing this great organization a most suc­ tiol;ls of Fauquier County in the General TO FIGHT INFLATION cessful convention. And we wish it well Assembly of Virginia. I was formally invited here not only to Since the bill deals only with those lines in its continuing campaign to quench participate in this delightful anniversary o! commerce in which eight or fewer corpo­ the fires of bigotry, discrimination, and program, but also to help you honor one of rations produce 50 percent or more of the racial hatred whenever they blaze. We the greatest American citizens of our age total annual sales, it is apparent that the are proud of this 116-year-old organi­ and time, the Honorable HOWARD WORTH measure is intended to deal with those cor­ zation, the oldest and largest of the SMITH. porations which can be called the superoper­ Jewish service organizations. HowARD SMITH is a native of Fauquier. ators. If the $10 million capitalization re­ But, like you, his State and his country lay quirement contained in the bill is too small, proud claim to his citizenship. His fame this can readily be corrected. is nationwide. I have no intention of asking those corpo­ He is a man who embodies a rare combi­ rations which cannot participate in the An Address Delivered by Hon. Harry F. nation of talents. He is intensely patriotic, power of management over pricing to be exceedingly able, and possessed of remark­ compelled to give notice of increases, because Byrd, of Virginia, at the Fauquier able facility for accomplishment. I well know that in far the great majority He is a farmer who, at the same time, those companies are merely taking orders County Bicentennial Celebration, War­ knows the problems of agriculture and from the price leaders. The bill, therefore, renton, Va., Friday, May I, 1959 cherishes that wonQ.erful sense of independ­ cannot be called an attack upon busine.ss. It ence experienced only by those who work is onlv, as I said at the outset, an invitation with the soil and marvel continually at its to the-managers of the most concentrated in­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS productiveness. dustries in the United· States to demonstrate OF He is a banker who knows the problems their good faith in the fight which all of the of business and appreciates our free enter­ people of the United States must undertake -HON. WILLI-AM M. TUCK prise system as indispensable to the pres­ to stop infia tion if we hope to resi~t the OF VIRGINIA ervation of our democracy and our freedom, drive of the Soviet communism to conquer and to the protection of all the free world us in an econmic war. It is only, as I have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against Communist aggression. said, an invitation to the managers of these Tuesday, May 5, 1959 He is a lawyer who, by tradition and by concentrated industries to demonstrate their his training at the University of Virginia good faith in this fight. The goal we seek is Mr. TUCK. Mr. Speaker, under leave founded by Thomas Jefferson, knows that a goal which will be beneficial to business as heretofore granted me to extend my re­ the primary purpose of law is to protect well as to all who suffer from the rising cost our liberties and freedoms from invasion and of living. marks in the RECORD, I include an ad­ dress by the senior Senator from Vir­ abuse, and that ours must be a government More than that, with business and Govern­ by law and not by men. ment cooperating in good faith; there will be ginia, the Honorable HARRY FLOOD BYRD, He is a judge, whose temperament is punishmeht for neither tlle people or the delivered on Friday, May 1, 1959, at the fashioned from moral courage, stubborn corporations. We know that our Govern­ Fauquier County Bicentennial Celebra­ virtue, fundamental convictions, and the ment was created to preserve political liberty tion in Warrenton, Va. Fauquier elegance of simplicity. and economic freedom. We know that the County is in the heart of that beautiful This is the man whom all of us have Communist dictators desire to destroy both. come to admire, and who is held in great If we don't prevent inflation from crippling section commonly referred to as north­ the economic strength of this Nation, com­ ern Virginia, and is noted for the fer­ esteem not only by those who know him per­ munism will take over. This bill, I sincerely tility of its soil, its picturesque scenery, sonally, but also by those who know him only believe, is the first step, an essential step, to and the solidarity of its citizenship. by the lasting reputation he has made. put an end inflation in the free world. People all over America join us in our to On the occasion of' the celebration of gratitude for the full measure of distin­ the 200th anniversary of this county, guished service Judge SMITH has rendered, the citizens of Fauquier paid appropriate and is rendering, to his country, his State, tribute to our able and distinguished and his community. · B'nai B'rith Salute colleague, the Honorable HowARD WoRTH Elected and reelected to Congress 15 times, Judge SMITH has only one political SMITH, who lives in and is a native son platform. It is not long. But it tells the EXTENSION OF REMARKS of Fauquier. As Senator BYRD pointed story of Representative HowARD W. SMITH, OF out, Judge SMITH is one of the greatest Member of Congress from Virginia, and it living Americans. I share the senti­ should be a part of the record of this cere­ HON. FRANK KOWALSKI ments expressed by Senator BYRD and mony commemorating the 200th anniver­ OF CONNECTICUT when the history of this turbulent pe­ sary of his native county of Fauquier. I quote in his own words the platform IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES riod is written, the name of HowARD WoRTH SMITH deserves and no doubt will on which he has stood for more than a Tuesday, May 5, 1959 quarter of a century in the Congress of the go down in Virginia and American his­ United States. Mr. KOWALSKI. Mr. Speaker, I call tory as one of the most able, patriotic, Here it is: attention of the House to the fact that and distinguished citizens ever to repre­ "I will not pledge my support blindfolded perhaps the greatest airborne conven­ sent our State in the Congress of the to any unknown measures, to any p~rson· , tion in history will take place later this United States. or on any subject, but will use my best 7522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 5 judgment and discretion a.!ter careful study It is the law .of the land, it is utterly with­ know he is honest; they know he is able: and concentration, and vote !or such meas­ out foundation in the Constitution. they know he is fair; and they know he is ures as I believe to be in the interest of the The word "education" does not appear in patriotic. welfare of our country and in conformity the Constitution of the United States, and And you may be sure that the great de­ with the wishes of my constituents." the only Federal law ever enacted in this mands of national and international issues In that simple statement, it seems to me 'field was passed by Congress to provide for on the time ·and capabilities of HowARD we have the creed of an American states:. segregation in District of Columbia schools. SMITH will never distract his abiding inter­ man in his best tradition, asserting inde­ · But the Warren court school decision in est in the Eighth Congressional District. pendence of thought and action; we have effect amended the Constitution of the And to represent this district in the Con­ the essence of American statesmanship, United States, and repealed an act of Con­ gress of the United States is an honor of withholding opinion and judgment until gress. which any man would be deeply proud. It principles are satisfied. To say this decision is the law of the land is the district of George Washington, We have the evidence of responsibility is to give the Warren court a divine right Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Patrick recognizing that public office is a public to be wrong. Henry, Henry Clay, James Madison, Zachary trust; and we have the manifestation of If the Warren court decision can be ex­ Taylor, James Monroe, and Robert E. Lee. patriotism which should be engrafted on tended to direct a certain Negro child to No congressional district in the United the bosom of every free American. ·enter a certain schoolhouse, Federal courts States has produced so many great men who A man conscientiously adhering to that .can select textbooks, dictate the philosophy have had such a profound influence on the platform, with a clean record of perform­ of teachers, and tell them what and how to development of our country. Judge SMITH ance, for 28 years is essentially a man of teach. is their 20th century counterpart. tremendous industry, a man of few words, · The Warren court decision was handed But with characteristic modesty Con­ and a man of fruitful action. down 5 years ago, and to this date more con­ gressman SMITH says: As a lifelong student of his Government, fusion has developed every day it has been "My views are not original with me. They as a lawyer, as a jurist, and as a legislator, allowed to stand. are bred in the bone, nurtured through Judge SMITH knows the source of this Na­ The school decision is by no means all of generations in you and me in this section tion's strength and greatness, and at this the havoc the Warren court is playing with of Virginia from whose soil came those moment he is doing his very best to protect our dual system of State and Federal Gov­ great statesmen of the past who, with their them from subversion by the Warren court. ernments. God-given inspiration, founded and started Fundamentally, our form of government Using the so-called pr:eemption doctrine, on its historical course the greatest Nation rests upon the sovereignty of the States the Warren court has struck down perfectly in all the history of mankind." which form the Union. And for 6 years ·good and constitutional State laws all over I say to you Judge SMITH not only rep­ since Warren was appointed Chief Justice, this Nation simply on the grounds that there resents the congressional district of these the warren court has struck directly at the was a Federal law applicable in the same great men of American history, but, he, him­ roots of our democracy including a clear line field. _self, stands today as one of the greatest of decisions destructive of States rights and In the final extreme the Warren court living Americans. concentrating power in the Federal Govern­ could use this doctrine to destroy our system ment. of States merely by holding that Federal tax Since 1953 the Warren court has handed laws preempt State authority to levy taxes. down a number of decisions which would: In view of our experience with the Warren Reclamation and Development of the New 1. Limit the powers of the legislative court during the last 6 years, I wond~r branch of the Federal Government to in­ whether some such decision is now so far be­ Jersey Meadowlands vestigate; yond the realm of imagination. 2. Open confidential files of the FBI and I have reviewed the record of the Warren interfere with its administrative responsi­ court to emphasize the great effort HowARD EXTENSION OF REMARKS bilities; SMITH is making to correct the illegal de­ OF 3. Disregard the clear intent of laws, cisions which are being forced upon us. especially for evicting subversives from Last year he introduced legislation out­ HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER public positions; lawing the Warren court's promiscuous pre­ OF NEW JERSEY 4. Destroy the effectiveness of local police emption of State laws. The bill was passed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES protection; overwhelmingly in the House of Representa­ tives, but it was lost in the Senate by one Tuesday, May 5, 1959 5. Strike down the rights of individuals; vote as a result of a parliamentary maneuver. Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, 6. Destroy the sovereignty of States guar­ If this bill had been enacted it would have anteed by the Constitution; and been an effective curb on the Court for the under leave to extend my remarks in the 7. Preempt and nullify perfectly good and future. RECORD, I include the following testi­ constitutional State laws. The bill has been reintroduced this year. mony which I gave before the House Ap­ All of this does violence to American The Senate Judiciary Committee is holding propriations Committee, Subcommittee fundamentals. hearings on the bill at this time. We hope on Public Works, requesting funds for Our Constitution establishes three it will be enacted during the present session New Jersey's meadowlands, May 1, 1959: branches of government-legislative, execu­ of Congress. · tive, and judicial, but we find the Warren Whenever there is a tough legislative job The refrain from George M. Cohan's old court assuming the authority of -all three. to do, we find the hand of HOWARD SMITH song made a grei-t point in being only "45 Under our system the Central Government at work. This is true with respect to draft­ minutes from Broadway." Broadway points has no authority except that granted to it ,ing legislation, and with respect to commit­ up the fact that New York City is perhaps by the States, but we find the Warren court tee action on bills before the Congress. the world's most expensive piece of real estate. The heart of the New Jersey destroying the rights of States, and pre­ Think of the extremely important legisla­ empting State laws. meadowlands is not 45 minutes from Broad­ tion he has sponsored. To name a few, way, it is but 5 minutes away. The warren court school decision is per­ there was the Smith Alien Registration Act haps the most direct blow to State sov­ · This close to the world's largest city lie of 1939 under which the 11 infamous Com­ upwards of 35,000 acres of barren swamps ereignty to date. And it was a decision munists were convicted; there was the based on nothing in the Constitution, noth­ that challenge the imagination of city and Smith antistrike bill which preceded the industrial planner& and engineers who see ing in the law and nothing in the prece­ Taft-Hartley Act; there was the Smith­ dents. in these wasted acres, land upon which could Connolly Act; and so on. be built great industrial and transportation It was simply a sociological determination Think of his tremendous work as a great facilities which are needed for the future by the Warren court expressing the personal chairman of the powerful House Rules development of metropolitan New York as philosophy of its membership. Committee, which controls legislation com­ the world's greatest manufacturing and The Supreme Court of the United States ing before the House of Representatives. shipping city. for more than a hundred years had held that Few people know the full extent and value Indeed, the challenge has captured the the separate but equal principle, applied of his daily work on this committee. imagination of some of our youthful student in publlc school education, was within the The great contributions of HOWARD SMITH engineers, several of whom have developed discretion of States-with no constitutional to his country, his State, his district, and plans in which they envision beautiful and conflict. his community could never be made by a extensive residential housing standing on re­ But what did the Warren court do? Like timid man. They would never be made by claimed meadowlands. One such student has a bolt out of the blue, it held that the U.S. a man without strong convictions and the fully· developed comprehensive plans for Supreme Court, and the precedents of a courage to fight for them. They could never construction of vast apartments which century were wrong, and that decision after be made by a man with a lazy mind. They would house some 600,000 people. Imagine decision was invalid. could never be made by a man without what relief such a project would bring to the Now we are told the Warren court de­ clear~ direct and profound thought. desperately overcrowded residents of New cision is_the law of the land. 'He has the complete confidence of his York City. If this is so,· it is the ultimate in judicial colleagues and associates whether they are The Port of New York Authority is aware usurpation of the authority to legislate. I! Democrats or Republicans because they of the great potential of the meadowlands 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7523 and they have appropriated large sums for engineering study that will lead to the real­ have been rehabilitated, the floods have piecemeal reclamation of certain areas. But ization of a full reclamation and development stopped, and the water can once again their entire planning considers eventual de­ of the New Jersey meadov.r_lands. velopment of· only a very small portion of Mr. Chairman, I would like -to make as part be used for irrigation and domestic pur­ this total of wasted acres. of· my testimony, the attached letter from poses. We have found out through ex­ This tremendous area of swamp, sur­ the Assistant Chief of Engineers for Civil perience that flood prevention is prac­ rounded by some of the ·world's most valu­ Works of the Department of the Army. tical and can be accomplished. Unfor­ able real estate is a huge cancer in the world's I wish to express my thanks to you, Mr. tunately we still have many watersheds greatest shipping and industrial area. It is Chairman, and to the other members of this in the national forests of Utah that need a vast tract sodden with raw sewage, this committee ·for the privilege of presenting my similar treatment. This new program garbage and refuse of the cities, which pro­ views. duces nothing for man, but a few bales of for the national forests recognizes this salt grass. and similar problems and provides for The reclamation of this tract, which ex­ an intensified plan of corrective action. tends for some 20 miles or more and is Conservation and Development of In Utah, watershed conditions are from 2 to 8 miles wide would provide a National Forests closely associated with the grazing of badly needed backup area for the opera­ livestock. The high mountain ranges tion of the great port of New York, includ­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS in the national forests furnish summer ing the hundreds of piers on both sides of grazing for thousands of ranchers and the Hudson River and the waterfront ship­ OF ping and industrial plants as far south as livestock producers. The improvement Elizabeth, N.J. HON. HENRY ALDOUS DIXON of these key range areas to sustain high­ The full reclamation of this wasted OF UTAH yield forage production is urgently meadowland, or reclamation of even a sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needed to stabilize this important part stantial portion is too staggering a project of our economy. For example, there are for any group of interested municipalities, Tuesday, May 5, 1959 over 600,000 acres of national forest land counties or the State of New Jersey. All Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, I would like in Utah which is suitable for grazing of the communities bordering on the meadowlands and Bergen and Hudson to briefly comment on a report received and which can be greatly improved Counties, however, have made joint studies from the Secretary of Agriculture on through revegetation. Although some reaching back many years. March 24, 1959, entitled "Program for progress is being made, the work is not Reclamation and development of any siz­ the National Forests.'' It is a report being accomplished as rapidly as it able portion of the New Jersey meadow is which I think is long overdue and one should be. If the revegetation work in too great an undertaking for even the big which deserves our thoughtful attention. Utah is continued at the present rate it Port of New York Authority. The leader­ It has been referred to the Agriculture will take 30 to 40 years to complete the ship is so vast and challenging, an under­ taking must come from the Federal Gov­ Committee, of which I am a member, and job. We cannot afford to wait this long. ernment, and this is just, considering that hearings have now been scheduled for In reviewing the report it was re­ the benefit s that would be derived would May 14 and 15. assuring to learn that the program pro­ accrue not alone to the communities in the The program as outlined in the report vides for accelerating these activities; area and business and industry of New provides for a marked increase in all also that it sets forth a balanced and York, but would benefit the commercial and national-forest activities, including the positive program of development and industrial development of the entire east­ necessary research. It is a sound long­ management for all the renewable re­ ern seaboard. range program designed to make these sources of the national forests, including The metropolitan area of New York and public properties produce a maximum of water, forage, recreation, wildlife, tim­ ~ew Jersey has long suffered while great attention has been given to the other areas public benefits under a system of multi­ ber, and other land uses. All of these of our Nation. Down through t he years the ple-use manag.ement. resources are needed for a growing amount of Federal assistance for this area I have a deep and sincere interest in America. has been one of in verse proportion to the the seven national forests in my State. amount of Federal taxes paid. The higher This interest stems from my close asso­ the Federal contdbution from the met ro­ ciation with the administration of these politan area has been, so inversely has the valuable lands and from my activities The Rule of Law-America's amount of Federal assistance decreased in over many years in helping to get some this area. Contribution The area that I represent has long been of the most important watershed lands considered a distressed labor district. in Utah placed under Forest Service pro­ Reclaiming the New Jersey meadowlands tection and management. EXTENSION OF REMARKS would completely revitalize New Jersey. It The national forests in Utah play a OF would create thousands of jobs, reduce local unique role in the economy of my State. taxes by creating new ratables. It would Besides attracting thousands of tourists, HON. HAMER H. BUDGE greatly increase Federal inc9me by stimulat­ campers, fishermen, and big-game hunt­ OF IDAHO ing our entire economy in this area. ers, they are the high rugged mountain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I sincerely feel that no investment by the ranges which intercept the moisture­ Federal Government could reap greater re­ Tuesday, May 5, 1959 turns for the Federal Government and the laden clouds from the Pacific Ocean and people of the metropolitan area. cause them to dump their precious load Mr. BUDGE. Mr. Speaker, under Once the reclamation is a reality there of rain or snow, and then release it leave to extend my remarks I include in would be a thousand-fold return to the Fed­ slowly throughout the year into our the RECORD an address by the distin­ eral Government for every dollar that went parched desert valleys. Without this guished gentleman from Ohio, the Hon­ into making it possible. water, Utah could support only a frac­ orable FRANK T. Bow, delivered before I am sure the committee is aware that tion of its present population. Water is the Stark County Bar Association, Can­ although substantial public funds are re­ one of the scarcest and most valuable re­ ton, Ohio, on the occasion of Law Day, quired to get a full-scale reclamation and sources we have. Most of the water we USA, May 1, 1959. Mr. Bow, an eminent development project under way, there would use comes from national forest water­ follow tremendous private investments in the attorney in his own right, is superbly building of the great industrial plants, stor­ sheds. qualified by training and by his funda­ age facilities, and shipping terminals-and The wisdom of protecting and properly mental concept of the relation of the even the vast residential apartments which managing these important watershed law to the individual to speak with au­ our young and inspired student engineers lands is nowhere more dramatically il­ thority on his topic, "The Rule of Law­ envision. lustrated than along the Wasatch Moun­ America's Contribution." The addre~s The whole idea of reclaiming this vast tract tains just north of Salt Lake City. Be­ follows: of swamp and making of it a useful and pro­ fore these lands were placed under the THE RULE OF LAW-AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION ductive area is too vast a project to be dis­ Forest Service they were burned over cussed before this learned committee in any {Address of Han. FRANK T . Bow, Member detail. The possibilities are almost beyond and damaged to such an extent that of Congress, 16th District, Ohio, before the the imagination of man. summer storms caused several serious Stark County Bar Association, Canton, I urge the distinguished members of this floods which took many lives and caused Ohio, Law Day, USA, May 1, 1959) committee to favorably consider the proposal millions of dollars in damage to per­ One of the most significant and hopeful -that there be included in the fiscal year 1960 -sonal property. Under Forest Service developments of recent times 1s the increas­ .appropriations bill funds to get started an protection and management these lands ing interest everywhere in the development 75-24 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE May 5 of the rule of law as opposed. to the rule of terror . with the rule of law lp. the world. and more people comprehend. the potential force in the world. . -community. In his Law Day, USA, address of a lawful wor~d. , In observing Law Day, .USA, we are taking he said: The ever-rising trend of educatioJl in for­ a leading role in this development and today "The world no longer has a choice between merly underdeveloped nations contributes I want to speak of the significance of Law force and law; if civilization is to survive, it further to the importance of ideas in the Day; USA, in a broader sense than its im­ must choose the rule of law." current battle for the minds of men between pact upon the people of our Nation. I ask . In his state of the Union message to the the free world and the international Com­ you to think with me about the impact of C,ongress in January 1959, he said: . . munist conspiracy. We have long espoused this tribute by Americans to the rule of law ."All peoples are sorely tired of the fear, "freedom" and "justice" for man as the upon the people of the world. destructions and the waste of war. As never free world's promise. We must now espouse I sincerely believe that Law Day, USA, has befor.e, the world knows the human and ma­ the rule.of law as a constructive and creative helped create a new public image of the terial costs of war and seeks to replace force means to achieve and maintain freedom and United States of America in the minds of with a genuine rule of law among nations." justice between nations as well as within many people in other nations. In a day In his broadcast on Berlin the President nations. when military victory has been rendered an referred to the rule of law as a replacement The rule .. of law within a nation is made obsolete concept, our national security de­ for the rule of terror- and said: up of constitutions,- statutes, customs which pends a8 much upoti winning and keeping "Indeed, this is the peace policy which we grow into legal rules, and the legal proce­ friends in other nations as it does upon are striving to carry out throughout the dures and judicial tribunals by whic_h all of weapons. Law Day, USA, has won us friends world. In that policy is found the world's these hundreds , of legal rules are applied, by focusing worldwide attention upon the best hope for peace." interpreted, and enforced. In essence the foundation of our greatness-the rule of law. On April 4, in his Gettysburg . College rule of law means all of these; it means also Ideas, ideals, and moral standards are all speech the President said: what is fair and reasonable under the moral important in our all-out contest with com­ "Another fact, basic to the entire problem standards which have come down to us in munism ·for survival in this shrunken of .peace and security, is that America and t;he accumulated wisdom of the ages. . . world. Law Day, USA, has· made many in her friends do not want war. They seek to A new world is being born in this century. other countries realize that underneath our substitute the rule of· law for the rule of If it is to be a. lawful world thoughtful men economic and social progress, and primarily force." . must make it so. It will not just happen. responsible for that progress, is a way of life Not only President Eisenhower b~t other Who better than lawyers can realize · and · which only the rule of law can guarantee. leaders of his administration have urged the project the potential of law in the world same idea. community? We are a profession dedicated Law Day, USA, spotlights liberty, equality Secretary of State Dulles on January 31, in to public service. Certainly no greater pub­ and justice as our most precious possessions. lic service can be rendered than developing These are ideals which all men cherish. But his last address before his unfortunate ill­ ness, said to the New York State Bar Associ­ the formula whereby law will replace weap­ before Law Day, USA, their meaning to · ation: ons in the control of the fate of humanity. Americans, and the part they play in our "In the swift flow of daily events it is easy While we of the free world speak many daily lives, were never made clear to those different languages and have many diverse of other lands who looked at the surface, or to lose track. of the broad strategy of our foreign policy. We seek peace, of course, forms of government, the rule of law is a end results, rather than the underlying basis universal idea and ideal which all men have of our system. but we seek it in what seems to us the only dependable way-the substitution of justice in common. By placing governments under In the world of ideas, perhaps the most and law for force. law nationally we have brought about order significant development of our time is a · and stability within our nations. We should gradually evolving reliance upon the rule of · "This is a relatively recent concept and even today many do not accept it." now .offer this great idea for adoption as a law as a major weapon to defeat the evils of new standard of decency in international communism. 'At first blush this may ap­ Vice President NIXON, in an outstanding address .on the rule of law in world affairs relations. There too it would, if applied, cre­ pear to be an overambitious goal for tl;le rule ate o~der, stability, apd peace by placing of law. But let us think it through together. to tl;le Ac·ademy of Political Science, said: nations .under 'law internationally. The rule of law is the antithesis of com­ · "I am now. convinced, and in this I reflect Law Day, USA, has already had an incal­ munism.' It recognizes th~t men have the steadfast purpose of the President, and culably significant impact upon the think­ rights as individuals and that both the in­ t!J.e wholehearted support of the Secretary ing of the people of the world. It has dividual and the government are subject of State and the Attorney General, that tne stretched the minds of lawyers and laymen to the law. The rule of law _means order, time has now come to take the initiative in to new ·possibilities and new approaches to stability and the greatest possible degree of the directibn of establishment of the rule a problem that has troubled man since the of law in tlie world to replace the rule of dawn of establishment. and human freedom. Communism, on the other force." civilization~the hand, enthrones society rather than the in­ maintenance of peace. We must make its dividual. Under communism in practice the There is also an ever-rising tide of effects this year both within and without state is all-powerful. Communism by its support abroad. Prime Minister Nehru, our Nation even greater than last year. very nature creates and thrives upon con­ Chancellor Adenauer, Chief Justice Tanaka Supremacy of the rule of law achieves and stant conflict, turmoil, fear and a lack of of Japan and many of the other great men maintains freedom for man within nations. individual freedom. Where the rule of law of the world have endorsed the rule of law Supremacy of the rule of law can achieve prevails, freedom of man exists. Where com­ as a pe·ace policy for the free world. and maintain freedom of man from the munism prevails, freedom of man is non­ We do not always realize that the eyes of dread scourge of war. existent. the world are upon us constantly. Our Law Day, USA, spotlights what the rule The challenge to act lawfully is one of pushbutton homes, our automobiles and of law can do for man if but put to work in the most potent we can throw at the Krem­ gaudy gadgets are the envy of many who the world community and thus renders a lin. In his famous speech to the 20th have yet to reach our economic status but great service to our Nation and to the peo­ Congress of the Soviet Communist Party desire it. We so-called rich Americans are ples of all nations. In this great program in 1956 Khrushchev snent 7 hours denounc­ not always pictured as people with deeply we lawyers have as our client civilization it­ ing Stalin for violating Soviet law and prom­ felt moral principles and ideals in the Holly­ self. And while our goal may seem ambi­ ising that he--Khrushchev-would obey it. wood movies, books and other export items tious it is certainly a goal which is not be­ Seemingly Iqlrushchev feels a need for some which portray life in America. Portrayals yond the capacities of our client-the peo­ obeisance to the idea of law and evidently in books, mag~zine ·s and movies of gansters ple we represent, ~ if they · but want it bad he is sensitive to charges of illegality. One and high living in · our. country lose us enough. Let us therefore work and strive thing is certain, the Soviets have a profound friends. But now in Law Day, USA, we have to create that want through ·law days and in desire to be considered a modern, enlight­ moved to the center of the stage of public other ways so that the people will demand ened, civilized, law-abiding nation. · attention in our country a picture of what and get a world rule of law. A world in Americans believe in· and the real substance .which law will grow so strong it will tower Communism and our rule of law must be our country is made of in the field of ideas ovex: fear and prevail throughout the entire constantly contrasted. Law Day, USA, and and ideals. Thus through Law Day, USA, world. the ideas, ideals, and programs it en'com­ other peoples see us as we really are--a peo­ passes constitute one of the most meaning­ · Some of my friends have expressed to me ful ways of keeping that contrast before the ple deeply wedded to the highest ideals and the fear that we may go too far too fast in eyes of the world. principles ever adhered to by any nation this effort; that our zeal and enthusiasm since the dawn of civilization. may cause us to sacrifice basic principles of While it has not occurred with the dra­ Despite contrary beliefs, the world largely American freedom and sovereignty. matic impact of an atomic explosion, or the blast-otf of a satellite or an ICBM, one needs runs on ideas and ideals. Nothing is as I recognize that danger and I think it is powerful as an idea--not even an atom. well that a word of caution be raised at this but to follow the record in recent months to Especially is this true in our shrunken world see that President Eisenhower has made the time. We do not want to, nor do we need to, where rapid communications and transpor­ fall into the pitfalls of the world federal­ worldwide rule of law the central core of tation cause almost instantanteous contact our foreign policy. Since Law Day, USA, ists. Sovereign nations can develop the between Akron and Accra, New Delhi and rule of law without sacrificing their indi· May 1, 1958, every major foreign policy state­ New Haven. The idea and ideal of a world viduality, and that must be our goal. ment of the President has contained a refer­ operating under the rule of law is fast be­ We lawyers must prove that law can suc­ ence to the necessity of replacing the rule of coming more and more powerful as more ceed where other ideas have failed in man's i -959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ·HOUSE 7525 age-old quest for a formula for peace. In the Never has there been a greater demand toward improvement of existing educa­ preparation, trial and presentation of this for the conscientious and careful con­ tional programs. Considerable progress case we have a responsib111ty greater than we sideration of these recommendations. have faced in generations·, has been achieved, but vastly more re­ By training and tradition lawyers are Certainly they are sound and wholesome mains to be done. leaders in public affairs. From time im­ for the future and security of America The problem of widespread illiteracy memorial lawyers have performed the func­ and the preservation of our way of life. is a major concern in the newly develop­ tions of leadership in the discussion and As one who is deeply concerned with un­ ing, countries of the world. While the clarification of great public issues and pro­ American activities and the lethargy of estimated percentage of illiteracy for the grams. This we have done nationally, in many citizens in this field, I wholeheart­ world as a whole is just under 50 per­ States and in local communities. Here we edly endorse the 10-point program as one cent, the percentage runs as high as 98 must lift our eyes to encompass a greater who has introduced legislation in this area and a greater issue than any we have percent in some of the underdeveloped yet coped with in the past. We must do it field consistent to the problems which areas. As the rate of national progress because there is no other professional group have arisen as an outgrowth of various is generally believed linked to a country's which has the know-how, the training and Supreme Court decisions. educational system, there is a growing the capacity to do the job that must be done. The American Bar Association offi­ desire for educational improvement. If there wa-s ever lawyers' work this peace­ cially recommended that the U.S. Con­ The rapid industrialization and ur­ through-law program is it. We cannot ex­ gress pass the following legislation: banization of hitherto backward coun­ pect doctors, or dentists, or scientists, or any First. Restore to the States the right tries adds to the necessity of educating other professional group to assume leader­ to enforce their own antisubversive laws. ship. Either we do it or it is not likely that their citizenry. They find their educa­ this task will be done at all. That is and Second. Restore to congressional com­ tional systems, which lag from 50 to 80 should be a most sobering thought for each mittees the same freedom to investigate years behind those of the more developed one of us as we face up to the work re­ Communists and pro-Communists that countries, suddenly faced with the prob­ quired to build a lawful world. these committees have always had to in­ lems of modern living. All of these Some say that peace through law in the vestigate businessmen and labor leaders. countries have serious deficiE:mcies in courts is an idealistic dream which cannot Third. Restore to the Smith Act the their educational systems, deficiencies be realized. But in doing so they deny the provision which makes it a crime to which pose critical problems for the facts of history. America was built on teach or advocate the violent overthrow idealism. Idealism burned fiercely in the future. breasts of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, of the Government. Moreover, leadership needs in these and all of those other great forefathers of Fourth. Restore to the Smith Act the areas will require a broader educational ours who founded our Nation as a govern­ meaning of "organize" which includes base. If the educational system of a ment under the rule of law. They utilized organizational work done after 1948, so country is inadequate to train its lead­ law and the courts to make our rulers sub­ that Communist organizers cannot hide ers, the country must do without the ject to the ruled. Such a plan was pure behind the statute of limitations. quantity and quality of leadership es­ idealism when adopted, but it has worked. Fifth. Restore to the executive branch sential to its progress, or depend upon If we ever reach the stage when idealism the right to determine and to dismiss is a curse rather than a virtue, our Nation institutions in other countries to provide will have lost the ingredient which has security risks in both sensitive and non­ such training. This situation not only made it the greatest the world has ever sensitive positjo;ns of the Government. handicaps the nation in meeting its known. Woodrow Wilson said: "The world Sixth. Restore to the States the right leadership r_equirements, but also pre­ is run by its ideals. Only the fool thinks to set standards high enough to exclude vents the mass of people from partici­ otherwise." from public employment and education pating intelligently and constructively No greater challenge exists in the world those who refuse to testify about their in t~e democratic process. of our time than that of creating a formula Communist activities and associates. As the needs may vary from country to prevent a war no sane man could ever Seventh. Restore to the executive want. We of the law know the rule of law to country, every effort is made to adapt is such a formula. Creating a workable branch the right to question aliens our assistance to the local exigencies. plan to make this formula a success is our awaiting deportation .about subversive In some instances the reorganization challenge, our obligation, and our oppor­ associates and contacts, and the right of some phase or phases of the national tunity. We must stretch our minds to to deport aliens who are Communists at education system is necessary. In create the legal rules, the legal procedures, any time after entering the United others, introduction of a whole new and the courts which will do this in the States. phase such as trade or industrial educa­ world community. We could make no Eighth. Restore to the executive tion where none previously existed is greater contribution to justify our heritage branch the right to deny passports to and to fulfill our destiny than to have ln., urgently required. All too often teacher scribed large. in history that we gave the those who refuse to sign a non-Commu­ preparation is inadequate; in some coun­ best we had to bring into being a world nist affidavit. tries the average elementary school where all men can 11 ve under the rule of Ninth. Restore to congressional com­ teacher in rural areas has had no more law and thereby walk in freedom, in dignity, mittees the right to determine whether than 4 to 6 years of elementary school­ and in peace. the questions asked of ·pro-Communist ing. Instruction in the classroom is witnesses are pertinent. usually by rote memorization, without Tenth. Restore to the Foreign Agents the use of instructional materials on any Registration Act the requirement that satisfactory scale. Legislative Recommendations of the propaganda sent from the Soviet Union Our technical cooperation programs American Bar Association and disseminated within the United recognize these diverse needs, and seek to State be labeled for what it is. work out a plan whereby those needs EXTENSION OF REMARKS can best be achieved with the available OF resources. Underlying all ICA educa­ tion programs is the thesis that training HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER The Mutual Security Bill-Technical and demonstration are uppermost in the OF ILLINOIS Cooperation Activities in Education thinking and planning of United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES technicians serving abroad. While pro­ grams run the gamut of educational Tuesday, May 5, 1959 EXTENSION OF REMARKS problems in developing countries, the Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, on May OF foremost project efforts are in teacher 12 and 13 the Dlinois Federation of Re­ education - vocational, agricultural, publican Women will meet in Springfield, HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON trade and industrial, home economics at which time they will discuss the legis­ OF OHIO and leadership training. Rapidly rising lative recommendations of the American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in importance is the area of English Bar Association. language training, which becomes in­ I believe it is significant enough to set Tuesday, May 5, 1959 creasingly significant as broader avenues forth in my remarks the 10-point pro;. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, ever of knowledge and information are mad.e gram of the American Bar ASsociation as since the inception of the point 4 pro­ available. adopted 1n its national meeting held in gram, the United States has cooperated Much of the training provided under Chicago 2 months ago. with underdeveloped nations in working our technical assistance programs is the 7526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE- May 5- responsibility of .Anlerican colleges and By this program teacher training facili­ Curitiba and is in full operation. The universities. This development is em­ ties in Thailand are made available to others are at La Paz, Bolivia and Lima, · phasized by the fact that approximately trainees from Laos which has completely Peru; a fourth will soon be in operation 25 percent of ICA's present college con­ inadequate facilities for training teach­ in Guatemala. In cooperation with ­ tracts with American universities are in ers. During the first year of operation, Brazilian industrialists, a widespread the field of education. Participants in 30 Laotian teachers were trained in Thai and well-supported system of train- _ the program may be brought to the facilities. During the current year, 83 ing-within-industry course has been United States for training and observa­ Laotian prospective teachers are in train­ established and is in operation directly tion purposes, many of whom will have ing in Thailand. in the industrial plants, and under it, major responsibilities for carrying on In reviewing the success of the pro­ over 300,000 foremen and supervisors some part of the program on their re­ gram at the end of the first year, Laotian have already been trained. turn. The ICA programs are carefully and Thai Ministry of Education officials By contrast, Paraguay had no school coordinated with the International Edu­ were so pleased with the program that for trade and industrial training, and no cation Exchange activities of the De­ they commenced discussion of possibili­ technicians sufficiently trained in their partment of State, and the cultural ex­ ties of a cultural treaty between the two own crafts or in education to provide an change programs of USIA. countries to cover all aspects of educa­ administrative or teaching staff for one. The teacher education program has tional exchanges. Prior to this project, Here, even after a school was built, un­ already recorded some outstanding ac­ organized with ICA assistance, no coop­ der American supervision, all courses complishments in various areas of the erative activity between the two min­ were taught at first by American tech­ world, a few of which I shall mention istries had ever been carried out. Not nicians, and an American with a Para­ at this point. only is an impact being made on the guayan associate administered the Jordan, for instance, had no teacher critical teacher shortage in the region, school. As rapidly as possible, however, education facilities prior to the incep­ but a definite contribution toward im­ Paraguayans were trained to take over. tion of the U.S. Operations Mission in proved intercountry relationships has Within a few years, the school was 1952. Today she has four teacher train­ been made by the project. being completely staffed and admin­ ing institutions and teacher training The southeast Asian regional English istered by Paraguayans, and in addition classes in two other schools offering in­ project is another well-received activity to the training of technicians in the struction to over 400 full-time students. in this area. It is working toward the school, measures had been adopted to Inservice education classes train yearly development of English as a common provide for a steady :flow of _trained in­ about 400 additional teachers who have bond of technical and high-level com­ dustriai teachers. The Paraguayan had no prior professional teacher train­ munication in the region. Union of Industrialists was quick to ing, and a summer-school program for Teacher training schools have been recognize the value of the school, and teachers has grown from a 10-day ses­ built and are being operated with ICA took it under their protection and partial sion catering to 200 teachers to a full assistance in Laos and Cambodia where support. Largely through the Union 6 weeks' session for 500 teachers. Jor­ only highly academic French ecoles of Industrialists, graduates of the school dan is even now expanding her physical 'normales existed previously with grad­ can confidently expect immediate em­ facilities to permit increased enrollment uating classes of 10 to 12 students per ployment. The ninth graduating class, and in addition has admitted day stu­ year. The new institutions will gradu­ this year, should bring the number of dents for the first time. ate 100 teachers each year. graduates thus far substantially over In Iran, the ICA education program Large-scale technical education pro­ three hundred: Branch schools have has expanded rapidly and soundly. , In grams have been developed in the Phil­ been established, or are in process, in 1952, only 17,000 teachers were avail­ ippines, Thailand, Pakistan, and India four other centers throughout the Re­ able to cope with a school population of to help these countries meet critical public. Here is an example of an entire about 5 million. Today over 40,000 manpower shortages. - vocational education system for a coun­ teachers are serving the country and Hundreds of Asian educators have try being created under the program, over 70 percent of these have received been trained in the United States for and now operating on its own steam, summer school training through the as­ technical and professional responsibili­ with American help reduced from full sistance provided by ICA. ties in their home countries through operation to advisory services. The National Teachers College in ICA's participant training programs. The great economic paradox of Bolivia Teheran, the only teacher training insti­ Vocational industrial education as­ is that it has immense resources in min­ tution of college rank, has been upgraded sumes major importance for countries erals, lands and forests but a population in curricular offerings and staff. Dem­ which are moving suddenly and rapidly that is largely unproductive. Indians onstration or laboratory school facilities into the industrial age and this is true make up over 60 percent of the people for the 22 normal schools in the 10 prov­ of all the less developed lands in some of the country,, and they are over 80 inces of Iran have been developed at the degree or other. The problem must be percent illiterate, with all that this im­ request of the Iranian Government and attacked in a variety of ways, depend­ plies in the way of being unprepared to through this medium newer educational ing on the stage of industrialization al­ create wealth and contribute to a mod­ practices are taught. ready reached and resources and needs ern economy. Bolivia needs more and Nigeria is receiving assistance in of the country. A striking example of better agriculture and a variety of small teacher education from ICA through the the diverse approaches required is fur­ industries, but first of all her people provisions of a contract with Ohio Uni­ nished by two neighboring countries in must become literate and acquire the versity. Ten staff members are engaged Latin America, Brazil and Paraguay. skills needed to become producers. Since in training the instructors of elementary Brazil is already developing rapidly the population is .largely rural, the re­ teacher training colleges. This project, in industry, but found her system of sponsibility rests upon the rural schools. serving about 100 college instructors, is training skilled workers inadequate for The International Cooperation Admin­ assisting the Ministry of Education to her needs. Under the technical coop­ istration is assisting the Bolivians in the upgrade its instruction, develop new ma­ eration program, improved curricula development of a school program which terials, train commercial teachers, and and teaching methods have been intro­ will meet the specific needs of the rural improve the general teaching environ­ duced into Brazil's 23 federal industrial population and make the schools more ment. Thirteen weeks are spent at a training schools and many of the ap­ infiuential in the lives of the people. To center of instruction and then the Ohio prentice training and state industrial reduce illiteracy is only the beginning. University team goes out to the colleges schools. About 2,000 teachers and su­ U.S. technicians, working with their Bo­ for the next 13 weeks where they work pervisors have been trained in Brazil, livian counterparts, are training teach­ closely with the instructors in their class­ and some 200 in the United States. ers-both preservice and inservice-in rooms. Textbooks and other teaching materials more modern teaching methods, intro­ One of the most striking examples of have been prepared, produced and dis­ ducing a more functional curriculum, education program achievements in the tributed. One of three important and developing more effective teaching Asia and Far East area is found in the regional trade schools for the training materials. And the schools are reaching results of the regional teacher training of teachers and supervisors for voca­ the adults, too, teaching them to speak program involving Thailand and Laos. tional schools has been established at Spanish as well as their Indian language, 1.959. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7527 to read and write, how to make simple time in themselves have built a memorial ..1 liked aU learning hom~ and farm improvements, and in­ which will be long .lasting. And wished to share it There is even a question 1n my mind troducing them to the b~ic principles of Abroad like the pollen whether, with characteristic modesty and re• For all who-merit." better agriculture practices and health serve, he would have approved a formal cere­ habits. It is estimated that some 60,000 mony such as today's for the purpose of In the years he was among us here he wa~ rural people are constantly benefiting honoring his memory. indeed a glver, moulder, and builder. from the ICA rural education program Nevertheless, it is fitting that we should With all his great public responsib111ties, take this occasion to pay tribute to one who he never hesitated to extend his efforts down in Bolivia. to the community level. The people of Car­ The Bolivians are proud of their new played such a vital role in the history of Dickinson School of Law over a span of years lisle remember him as a tireless worker in rural school program and they appre­ covering a half century and whose whole life local Red Cross drives, in establishing USO ciate the part that ICA has played in was devoted to service. facilities, and in other community projects. bringing it about. An eloquent and un­ Service to the law, which he loved. His expenditures of time and effort were un­ expected note for the ears of U.S. tech­ Service to this school. questionably enormous. nicians was struck by a village priest Service to the State of Pennsylvania. Nor were his interests limited to the class­ who celebrated a field mass at one of Service to the Nation as a soldier in World room and to public service. This many­ the rural normal schools during the War I and in civil capacities. sided man loved athletics, and was a formid­ Service to the community of Carlisle ana. able opponent on the tennis court, as well "Day of the Indian." He told his audi­ to numerous causes in its welfare. as a respected instructor of tennis for the ence that many people are carried away And, above all, service to God and his college teams. He was an unofficial adviser by the idea of communism, thinking that fellow man. in basketball, and rarely missed a football it would give them everything they His chartties were like the man himself, game. As a great master in the classroom, he wanted. "But what," he asked them, quiet, unassuming, without affectation. often appeared swinging a baseball bat, "has Russia ever done for us? Not one There are many today who do not know which he used to illustrate points his stu­ crumb of bread have we got from Russia. that scholarship funds that helped put them dents were never to forget. It was with through their law courses came from the nostalgia that I learned recently that there But from the United States we get not dean's own pocket. are still some of these old baseball bats in only material bread but also spiritual Dr. Hi tchler possessed in abundance that his office. bread and intellectual bread." unusual combination of legal knowledge and Modest as he was, Dean Hitchler could not Th~s incident, Mr. Speaker, illustrates the facility to impart it to others which escape commendation for his many extra­ the profound impact of our education makes a teacher great. ordinary efforts. His writings in the field of assistance program to the developing Anatole France has written that "the criminal law, articles that often appeared in countries. While this activity comprises whole art of teaching is only the art of the law review, were recognized as productS awakening the natural curiosity of young of an authority in the field. Happily, his only a part of our technical cooperation minds for the purpose of satisfying it after­ own beloved Dickinson College was one of program, it is invaluable in terms of the ward." the first to bestow honors on the man, by friendship and goodwill created. Dean Hitchler stirred that curiosity 1n awarding him a doctor of civil laws in 1932. young minds, and he not only satisfied it But other schools also recognized his merit. but, even more, he developed in his students In 1939 he was awarded a doctor of laws from that earnest and entire devotion which the St.' Francis Xavier College of Loretto. Muh­ Eulogy Delivered by Hon. Daniel J. Flood, law, as "a jealous mistress," demands. lenburg College in Allentown and Albright of Pennsylvania, at Memorial Service And he imparted not merely a knowledge College in Reading also presented him with of specific codes and statutes but the spirit honorary degrees. Honoring Walter Harrison Bitchier and principles of the law, and the lore and I think one of the tributes that pleased traditions of the profession. him most, however, and this is because he Today the seeds which he planted over was so firmly devoted to his own law EXTENSION OF REMARKS the years in these halls are bearing fruit in school, was the decision of the board of OF courts all over this land-both on the bench, trustees to name one of the dormitory wings before the bar-in legislative halls of State in his honor. Hitchler Hall will long re­ HON. FRANCIS E. WALTER and Nation. main as testimony of the respect and OF PENNSYLVANIA It was a rare gift he possessed and he warmth with which he was regarded by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shared it with others. He gave of himself, those most intimately associated with him. to this institution and to his students who As a friend and dedicated servant of the Tuesday, May 5, 1959 imbibed of his knowledge. Dickinson School of Law, he would want no Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, under His career at our law school covered a span more. leave to extend my remarks in the of half a century. Yet his devotion to the Through an act of his great generosity, RECORD, I include the following eulogy school and to his students never flagged. As the school of law will continue to see the delivered by Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD, Mem­ a great legal scholar, his presence added stat­ proof 9f his dedication to his students, the ure to the Dickinson School of Law. As an school, and the law. I am sure you all know ber of Congress, at a memorial service humble man, however, he always sought to that he bequeathed the bulk of his estate for honoring Walter Harrison Hitchler, in give without thought of reward. Thus his the benefit of the Dickinson School of Law. Dickinson School of Law, Carlisle, Pa., colleagues remember him as a quiet, but in­ Students who are in need will thus continue Saturday, May 2, 1959: spiring man, who set high standards for them to feel the munificence of this man, who We have come together this afternoon to by his amazing fund of knowledge, his ability even after his death will be responsible for pay our heart's tribute of respect to Harry to transmit it, and his exemplary behavior paying the tuition of worthy scholars. Hitchler. Here, truly, was a gentleman; and in all situations. His students remember him Truly, the generous influence of Dean Hitch­ here, too, was a distinguished citizen, a as a brilliant, but demanding preceptor, who ler will continue to be felt by all who have valiant soldier, a wise administrator, a re­ encouraged them to levels of academic en­ or will be connected with the school. nowned educator, and a great scholar who deavor, and reward, that they had never be­ I think it not too bold a statement to call wove many threads into that endless fabric fore attained. How well they could under­ him a great man. He, more than most, em­ we call the law, and added fundamentally to stand the feeling of Cicero when he wrote: bodied the qualities of greatness we cherish man's understanding of the problem of living "Not only is there an art in knowing a thing, most because of their rarity. I think of the with his fellow men. but also a certain art in teaching it." The words of Matthew Arnold, who said : Walter Harrison Hitchler, whose passing dean had that art. "Greatness is a spiritual condition worthy has been so widely mourned in legal circles All admired and respected him, and all to excite love, interest, and admiration; and not only in the Commonwealth but through­ developed a warm affection for him, as a man the outward proof of possessing greatness is, out the Nation as well, has crossed the bar who served unceasingly the causes to which that we excite love, interest, and admira­ and has seen his Pilot face to face. He he was dedlcated. tion." stands before the great Dean on High, his I think these verses from a poem by Ste­ Those of us who knew Dean Hitchler saw dignified bearing proclaiming the Patriot phen Vincent Benet might also apply to this proof of his greatness. Who among us dedicated to his country's cause and the Dean Hitchler: can remember him without love, interest, and admiration? scholar and administrator maintaining and "Thomas Jefferson, enhancing the high standards of legal educa­ What do you say, Dean Hitchler was a native of Plymouth in tion with which the Dickinson School of beautiful Wyoming Valley-that seedbed Law came to be known under his able direc­ Under the gravestone which has produced some of the most out­ tion. Hidden away? standing lawyers, jurists, and educators in No words of eulogy, I feel sure, can enhance "I was a giver, the entire vibrant history of our Common­ the great record of the career of Walter Har­ I was a moulder, wealth. He was proud of his native heath rison Hitchler, our late beloved friend, I was a builder and ·despite his long residence outside the teacher, and dean. His own deeds of a life- With a strong shoulder. valley, he was well known there, having .7528 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 5 spent many summers at his cottage in Har­ .pll:mented one another to form his character Unfortunately, international events which vey's Lake. It is fitting that he rests where of rare uniqueness. He was spiritual, but have transpired since World War II have he was born. But a. proper- share of his never sanctimonious. He was high-minded -demonstrated that this concept 1s indeed spirit will surely stay here a.t Dickinson, .yet always human. He was distinguished in fallacious. where so much of his work was done, and the affairs of men, bu..t essentially modest After World War II our Nation attempted where his infiuence was so great. and humble. His sense of humor was keen, _to return to its traditional military posture, It was nearly 53 ye~s ago that Harry but he was never :flamboyant. that is, a small active duty force composed, Hitchler came to Carlisle to teach at the Whether in war or peace, Dean Hitchler for practical purposes, solely of Regular per­ Dickinson School of Law. He had gradua~ed believed in discipline, but even more im­ sonnel and a large inactive Reserve organi­ from the University of Virginia in 1905 and portant, he believed in and he practiced self zation. However, we soon discovered, to thereafter spent a short time at the begin­ discipline. He never demanded of another our dismay, that because of the precarious nings of a. private law practice. But his what he would not glady do himself. international situation we were forced to abilities and natural inclinations led him to He was a gentleman to the core, a man of augment the size of our active duty forces in a career in law teaching. He was a member impeccable integrity to whom honor was a manner commensurate with the degree of of the law school faculty for 48 years, half never merely a word, but life itself. He was a international tension that existed. The re­ of which period he served as dean. It was great and wonderful human being. sult, of course, is that today our active duty in June of 1954 that he retired, of his own God's greatest gift vouchsafed to man is a .forces are composed of large numbers of choice. Yet even in retirement he con­ full and rich and productive and useful life. both Regular and Reserve personnel. tinued his active work, and served as ad­ Harry Hitchler, through his talent, his energy We have approximately 27'2 million men viser to students and members of the faculty and his character has left his blessing on us on active duty with the defense establish­ at the law school, who had not yet come to and on all his fellow men. We shall think of ment today. In order to maintain necessary think of him as retired. him as not having died, but as having lived- :flexibility in our personnel strengths, a. sig­ Dr. Hitchler was a great lawyer and law · usefully, vibrantly and blessedly. nificantly large percentage of this number teacher. For a number of years he taught And for that life, though our hearts are is necessarily Reserve personnel. For ex­ courses in equity and carriers. But like saddened through its translation into the ample, at the present time over 180,000 of most of his former students, I remember eternal realm, all of us are profoundly the 322,000 officers on active duty with the him best as a teacher in criminal law, a grateful. Armed Forces are Reserve personnel. highly technical subject to which he had I have made these points simply to set made extensive and important written con­ . "I can not say, and I will not say, the stage for my next observation. Because tributions. He was the author of "Hitchler That he is dead; he is just away. of the traditional concept, which had be­ on Criminal Law," and there is nothing in With a cheery smile and a wave of the hand, come accepted by our- legislators, that our Pennsylvania legal writing that exceeds this He has wandered into an unknown land, active duty forces will, in peacetime, be ·opus in quality. His countless law revit!w And left us dreami:J;lg how very fair composed almost exclusively of Regular per­ articles were distinguished by their pene- Its needs must be, for he lingers there. sonnel, our personnel legislation has failed trating legal analysis, cogent reasoning-, and And you, 0 you, who the w~ldest yearn to contemplate any career . status for Re­ clarity of expression. It is no e.xaggeration For the old time steps and the glad return, serve personnel on active duty. to state that r:-. Hitchler's teaching brought Think of him a.s faring on as dear Thus, although we hav:e maintained since enlightenment to three generations of stu­ In the love of there and the love of here. World War II large numbers of Reserve per­ Mild and gentle as he was brave, dents, anct stimulated the minds of a. large sonnel on continuous a_ctive duty, w~ have number of the most brilliant lawyers and When the sweetest love of his life he gave given scant recognition to the necessity of ·judges 1n Pennsylvania. Dean Hitchler loved To simpler things, where the violet grew providing some· element ·of career- security the law, and he was superb in analyzing Kindly as the eyes they were likened to. to such individuals. True, our personnel and explaining it: The depth of his knowl­ Think of .him as still the same, I say, legislation developed since World War !IAn­ edge, his vigorous standards of scholarship, He is not dead; he is just away." eludes statutory authorization for the . re­ and his command of clear and graceful Eng- tirement of Reserve personnel who complete lish, spoken as well. as written, made him 20 years of active duty, but no significant or a great teacher, respected and admired by adequate provision has been made in the thousands of students now practicing Reserve Officers Incentive Act statutes to provide for, tlie interim period of throughout the Eastern United States. actiye duty ~uring which our Reserve mem­ But he also entered another and perhaps bers may, for one reason or another, be in­ larger and more important area, that of EXTENSION OF REMARKS voh.intarily released from active duty. - public service. Four Pennsylvania Gover­ OF I am happy to say, however, that on nors, W. C. Sproul, George Earl, Arthur H. March 20, 1959, the House of Representa­ James, his boyhood frtend, and John S. Fine, HON. 0. C. FISHER tives, recognizing this problem, passed legis­ all turned to Dean Hitchler to carry out OF TEXAS lation which for the first time provided commissions in this field. equitably for Reserve personnel on extended He was editor of Pennsylvania Statute IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES active duty rega.Tdless of whether or not Laws, 1919-23, and was named in 1937 ·one Tuesday, May 5, 1959 they will be permitted a. full or limited m111- of the eight men to study changes in the tary career. This legislation which is en­ Commonwealth criminal·procedure. In 1948, Mr. .· FISHER. Mr. Speaker, under ,titled "The Reserve Officers' Incentive Act he was made a member of an advisory com­ leave to extend my remarks, I include a of 1959" was originally developed by the mittee to aid a legislative group studying speech I made last evening before the subcommittee of which I am a member. modernization of the penal laws of Penn­ Reserve Officers' Association and their The subcommittee's actions were subse­ sylvania.. . guests at an annual banquet held at the quently unanimously approved by the full In April 1939 Dean Hitchler was named Bolling Field Officers' Club in Washing­ Armed Services Committee, and the House by Gover:rior James to a post on the Penn­ of Representatives passed this legislation sylvania State Liquor Control Board. .ton. The address is as fol~ows: without a. dissenting vote. Shortly after he was sworn in as a member · Mr. Chairman, distinguished guests, it Now, let me briefly explain what this leg­ of the board, he was designated as its chaiT- -gives me great pleasure to be with you ta­ islation will do. man. Dr. Hitchler held the post, which he night and I feel signally honored at being H.R. 5132, the Reserve Officers' Incentive described as "the toughest job I ever held," given the opportunity to speak to you. Act of 1959, has a twofold objective~ First, until May 1940 when he resigned to devote As many of you know, my interest in to raise the critically low rate of retention full time to his position as dean of the law Reserve matters goes back many years. As of Rese·rve officers beyond their obligated school. · a Member of Congress and member of the tours of active duty with the Armed Forces Though primarily a scholar and teacher, House Armed Services Committee I have and, second, to provide for more equitable Dean Hitchler was above all a. patriotic witnessed the slow but nonetheless tnevita­ treatment of those Reserve officers who sup­ American, and in both World Wars he served ble recognition by the Congress of the 1m­ plement the Regular corps but who may not his country with distinction. portant role played _by our Reserve Forces be continued on active service long enough In 1917 he answered his country's call to in the total defense of our Nation. to qualify for retirement. Stated simply, the colors and was a second lieutenant of · Prior to World War· II and for a few these objectives wm be realized by providing infantry. Later he was a first lieutenant in years t_hereafter, our legislators looked upon a. substantial increase in the amount of re­ the Officer's Reserve Corps and subsequently our various reserve organizations as quasi­ adjustment pay made available to Reserve was promoted to the rank of captain. Dur- military groups whose primary role was to oftlcers involuntarily released to inactive ing World War II, he served as chairman of insure the availability of a. trained militia. ·duty. t he Alien Enemy Hearing Board for the mid· in event of war or national emergency. · The Reserve Officers' Incentive Act of 1959 -dle district of Pennsylvania. This concept, in its simplest form, there- ·has five m.ain features as follows: ! have spoken of Harry Hitchler as a fore meant that the Congress, and indeed First, it makes contracts mandatory rather scholar, administrator, -and public servant. most of our citizenry, did not c~ntemplate than permissive for Reserve omcers on active But he was also a. man, a friend. He any significant use of Reserve personnel on duty alter the first 2 years of commissloned possessed qualities which, at ftrst sight, active duty except duririg periods of armed ser-vice, but eliminates the present one-half appear contradictory, but in his life c~m- hostilities. · ·or 1 month's pay for these first 2 years. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7529 Second, if he completes a contract, a Re­ While I respect the knowledge and practices prevailing in the mortgage serve officer would receive 2 months' basic judgment of the great Committee on market today actually in most instances pay for each year served under that contract, Banking and CUrrency which handled becomes a real or true interest rate in whether he is released involuntarily or not. Under present law he receives one-half of the bill just voted out of the Rules Com­ excess of 5 percent. Utilizing these funds, 1 month's basic pay for each year served, but mittee, I am not in accord with certain secured by the successful bidder and receives nothing if he leaves the service at of its provisions which involve expendi­ loaned to the private corporation with his own request. tures totally out of line with our ability the loan insured by the Federal Housing Third, if the Reserve officer, while render­ to meet their cost. Administration, the construction of the ing satisfactory service, is involuntarily re­ We are all familiar with the fact that project is undertaken and completed and leased during the term of the contract, he the administration proposal, tailored to the housing is made available for the would, under this proposal, be paid 2 months' basic pay for each year that he has fit the current budget, would involve an military personnel situated at the instal­ served under contract. In addition, he expenditure of $2,100 million over an ex­ lation. would receive 1 month's basic pay and allow­ acted 4-year period. Now let me point out at this stage that ances for each year of the uncompleted con­ The bill just voted out of the Rules the repayment of these funds advanced tract. Under the present law, if he is invol­ Committee would substantially commit for the construction of this military untarily released-during the term of a con­ the American taxpayers to more than housing is unqualified and absolutely tract, he can receive only one-half of 1 $5% billion over a 3-year period. guaranteed by the U.S. Government; month's basic pay for each year served, or notwithstanding this and notwithstand­ 1 month's basic pay and allowances for each On the other hand, there is a specific year of the uncompleted contract, but not provision in this proposed legislation ing that there exists no way by which both. apt to be overlooked by all of us which the ultimate repayment of these funds Fourth, as a transitional measure for I feel important enough to discuss at could be escaped by the U.S. Treasury, those presently on duty who would be eli­ this time. the obligation is never treated as a debt gible for a contract under this proposal and I direct my remarks to those phases of of the United States nor reflected in our who may be separated involuntarily, the national debt. bill would provide more equitable treatment it which deal with an area that is in essence deceitful because it does not This I conceive to be, in essence, de­ for those who have served on active duty ceitful, yet the deceitfulness of this con­ for more than 10 years by increasing the directly reflect itself as it honestly should present rate from one-half of 1 month's upon our national debt nor the effect duct, in my opinion, is not the greatest basic pay per year to 2 months' basic pay it will have upon the taxpayer's pocket­ evil that attends a program of this char­ per year beyond the 10-year mark. book. acter. That evil which I cannot accept Fifth, finally, this legislation would pro­ It encourages extravagant waste and without protest is this: vide that if a Reserve officer has rendered On an obligation unqualifiedly and ab­ satisfactory active commissioned service for expenditures which certainly are hidden solutely the burden of the United States a period of 14 years, he will either be given from view of the average citizen. and its taxpayers, we find ourselves pay­ a Regular commission, be released from I refer to sections on military housing ing a fixed interest rate as great as 47'2 active duty with appropriate readjustment and to the general program in this vitally pay, or given a contract that will carry him important ·area of housing. · In doing so percent which, as I have indicated, be­ to retirement eligibility. such a Reserve comes as much as 5% percent when con­ officer who has served 12 years under con­ I am mindful that both the House Bank­ sideration is given to the discount which tract would, if released, receive the equiva­ ing Committee and that Committee in must be suffered in order to sell the loan. lent of 2 years' basic pay as would a Regular the other body, and the Armed Services And I contend that these exorbitant officer with 14 years of service if involun- Committee have concerned themselves charges need not be paid by this Govern­ tarily released. · with this legislation and I know, i,n good­ ment today to procure needed financing. I have only briefly outlined the major por­ conscience, worked their will upon it. tions of the act, but, as you can see, it pro­ If our credit status has become so im­ The program of which I complain is paired that I am wrong in this assertion, vides statutory recognition for the Reserve known as Capehart housing. officer who is released involuntarily to in­ we are indeed embarked on a sea of fi­ active duty prior to retirement in approxi­ Technically, under this program the ·nancial ruin. mately the same manner as is provided by military determines what housing is re­ This, then, the specter of the United statute for the Regular officer similarly quired for the several ~stablishments or States paying as great as 5% percent on situated. Therefore, the importance of this bases across the Nation, and certifies a truly direct obligation, I submit, is the significant change in the history of Reserve the existence of a continuing need for first evil of this precess of obtaining mili­ legislation lies in the fact that it provides this housing, designed under the control a "magna carta" or "bill of rights" for Re­ tary housing. Yet it is not,. perhaps, the serve personnel on extended active duty and of the Department of Defense. The greatest extravagance that attends this assures them that in event they elect to plans and specifications, when com­ method of procuring housing. continue to serve their country, come what pleted, .are distributed to construction · It has been suggested to me-and I may, their unselfish contribution to the firms generally for bidding. think authoritatively-that those per­ national defense will be appropriately recog­ At this point, it is my belief that com­ sons who bid for the privilege of building nized. mon sense is abandoned. Instead of the housing under this program-faced treating the contract as a regular mili­ with the risk of an ever-changing mort­ tary construction contract, subterfuge gage market and the demand that they It's Time We Look Into the Cost and Ex­ is employed, whether by design or other­ supply their own funds for construc­ travagance of the Capehart Housing wise, the overwhelming effect of this tion-are bidding at price levels so un­ scheme upon our national debt and the reasonably high as to be ludicrous. Program waste that follows the departure from My attention has been drawn to a usual military construction procedures. single project constructed under the EXTENSION OF REMARKS At any rate, under the Capehart Capehart program involving the crea­ OF housing program the successful bidder tion of 1,000 units of military housing at this stage forms a private corporation where the successful bidder informally HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER or corporations and is compelled to ob­ stated that had the negotiations for and OF ILLINOIS tain from private sources the financing the award of the contract been handled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES required to erect the housing certified as as is the great bulk of our military con­ necessary for our national defense. The struction through the Corps of Engineers Tuesday, May 5, 1959 mortgage or security transaction is then and paid for by a direct military appro­ Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, there is entered into by the successful bidder and priation, his bid may well have been as soon to be brought ·to the attention of the ultimate lender, it being provided much as $2,000 less per unit than was this House for debate a housing bill for that the repayment of the loan shall be the bid accepted under the Capehart passage or rejection, the terms of which insured by the Commisisoner of the Fed­ program. are in many respects extremely techni­ eral Housing Administration, ignoring Already 109,437 units of Capehart cal and involve the expenditure of great the United States of America as the real housing have been authorized. This in­ sums of money and the pledging of the debtor in the transaction. cludes 23,067 completed; 49,646 now un­ credit of the United States of America These mortgages are legally permitted der construction; 5,481 upon which bids in such proportions a.s to demand of all to bear an apparent interest rate as high have been accepted, and 8,929 currently of us our closest scrutiny. as 4% percent, which under the discount being advertised for bids. 7530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 6 In addition, we find a provision for an detailed, and carefully obtained evidence -at least find a means, I am sure, by additional 22,405 units in a bill pending touching upon whether t..his is tbe onlY which the investment can be kept to an in the other body that will . bring the solution to the specific and positive absolute minimum. Instead, under· the amassed figure to 131,842 units. needs for mill~ housing. FHA loan section of the bill we .will be If this figure, and I .assure you that it I cannot accept· as justification for considering, there will be a provision to is accurate, is to be taken as the yard­ this situation any statement that bid-. ~ncrease the loan.limit. up to $2,900 per stick by which to measure the waste ding is costing_us little, because we are unit and there further will be a proposal suggested to me as typical of all such simply recouping the allowance granted to increase· the maturity limit of the projects, we are authorizing the continu­ ·military personnel for quarters and that ioans from 25 to 30 years. ance of a program and placing our stamp we are using such allowances to pay It is not at all unreasonable to assume of approval on extravagant spending these debts, when the sources of all of that these increases will be reflected in approaching a half billion dollars. .these funds, no matter how they be greater burdens ~ppn the Federal Gov­ This is an extravagance we cannot characterized, is the pocketbook of the .ernment and ·will substantially increase afford. It is a waste we have no right taxpayer. ·I believe we owe those who the extravagance within the program to thrust upon the taxpayers of the are footing these bills, under great bur­ -itself. · United States, who through the appro­ den in most instances, a greater fidelity · If, after a study of the present pro­ priations for quarters allowance for mili­ than could be found to exist in a cir­ gram and the means by which it might tary personnel, ultimately pay the bill. cumstance where we blindly, by a "yes" be treated as a regular military con-' Thus it would appear to be a financial ,vote, approve that which is, in my re­ structio:t;l cont:tact, Congress in all its manipulation shrouded with deceit, for ·stricted ability to examine into the mat­ wisdom, decides that this system cannot certainly it conceals the true size of our ter, an inconceivably wasteful program. be improved ."to eliminate the excessive national debt. The American people, · With this thought in mind, I urge ·cost factors I have . painted o~t ~ere~ and particularly those interested in the -that a comprehensive study be made of then we should at least appraise the future financial stability of this Nation, it with a view toward more conservative are entitled to the facts in thiS regard. programing of housing required and American people of the mo'rtgage obliga­ It is suggested by many that Congress the creation of that housing in an eco­ tion of the Federal Government in this spends too much time investigating and nomically sourid and honest manner. . program and let it be known that this not enough time legislating in the direc­ We cannot guarantee the American :obligation is as much a part of our na­ tional debt as any other single dollar in tion of its findings. Yet is· it not true people that great portions of this con­ it...... that before we approve a continuance of struction will not at some time in the a program of this character, that we future be a massive white elephant upon It is only fair and proper that we do should be furnished with more precise~ the hands of the taxpayers, but we can this.

ment Tax Act, and the Railroad Unemploy­ JOINT MEETING OF THE SENATE -HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment Insurance Act, so as to provide in­ creases in ber..efits, and for other purposes. AND HOUSE TO RECEIVE HIS WEDNESDAY, MAY 6, 1959 MAJESTY, THE KING OF THE BELGIANS The House.met at 12 o'clock noon. CONTESTED ELECTION CASE Rev. William Kenneth Lyons, minis­ MAHONEY v. SMITH Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ter, Anacostia Methodist Church, Wash­ ask unanimous consent .that it may be in The SPEAKER laid before the House order at any time on Tuesday, May 12, ington, D.C., offered the following the following communication which was prayer: 1959, for the Speaker to declare a recess read and, together with the accompany- for the purpose of receiving in joint He is faithful and just to forgive us 1rig papers, ·referred to the Committee meeting His Majesty, the King of the our sins.-1 John 1: 9. "On House Administration and ordered to Belgians. - Almighty God of the heaven, the earth, be printed: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and the sea. God of our fathers and OFFICE OF THE CLERK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIYES, the request of the gentleman irom Mas ... God of the nations. Hear us, we pray . Washington, D.C., May 5,1959. sachusetts? · Thee. Help us to see the beauties of The Honorable the SPEAKER, House of Repre- There was·no objection. - · Thy law, and to feel the quickening sentatives. . power of Thy wonderful love. Give us, SIR: In compliance with the request of the we pray Thee, broad faith, bright hopes, ·chairman of the Committee on House Ad­ AMENDMENT Td HOUSE RESOLU~ strong love, and a firm step to meet the ministration,· I transmit herewith copy of , TI9N 91, 86TH_CONGRESS . duties of life. · a ·motion· by the contestee to dismiss the contest now developing against him for a Mr. -TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, by di­ We praise Thee for Thy many and sig.:. .seat in the 86th Congress from the Sixth rection of -the Committee on Rules, I nal blessings vouchsafed to us, not only Congressional District of the State of Kansas. call up House Resolution 249. as individuals, but also as a people and a · The Clerk also includes letters from the · The Clerk read the resolution, as fol~ nation. We thank Thee for our fore­ contestant and his attorney, objecting to lows: fathers, for Thy manifold blessings be­ any dismissal of this matter before the ·com­ stowed upon them, and through them mittee has had an opportunity to consider Resolved, That H. Res. 91, Eighty-sixth upon us, their children. We pray Thee, .the entire transcript of testimony of wit­ Congress, is amended by striki'ng nut "United r+esses, taken pursuant to the statute. . States" the three - places where it appears 0 God, for grace to enable us to live use­ Most of this testimony .has been received therein and. inserting.in lieu thereof at each ful lives, helpful to our fellow men. ,in his office under seal of the officers before such place "United St~tes and Canada". May wars and strife cease, and the whom it was taken. The Clerk deems it ap­ kingdoms of this world become the king­ propriate to state that the case appears to The resolution was agreed. to. dom of our Lord and His Christ. Hear 'be developing properly under the statute. A motion to reconsider was laid on our prayer for our Redeemer's sake. RALPH R. ROBERTS, the table. Amen. Clerk, ·u.s. Hou~e of Representatives. The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ TVA SELF-FINANCING COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS , terday was read and approved. · . Mr. TRIMBLE.· Mr.· Speaker,' by di­ Mr. SMITH of Mi~issippi. Mr. Speak­ rection of the Committee on Rules, ;r call MESSAGE FROM -THE SENATE er, I ask unanimoui;i consent that a sub­ Up House Resolution 260. · committee of ·the Committee -on Public The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ A message from the Senate by Mr. -Works may be ·permitted to continue lows:- · McGown, one of its clerks, announced hearings during gep.eral debate today Resolved, That upon. the adoption of this that tne Senate had passed without and for the re~ainder of the week.· J amendment a bill of the House· of .the resolution it shall be in order to move that · The SPEAKER.- Is there objection: to the House resolve itself inte the· Oommlttee following title: · the request of the gentleman from Mis~ or. the Whole ' House -on the .State of ·the H.R. 5610: An act to amend the Rallroad sissippi? Union for the consideration of the blll (H.R. Retirement Act of 1937, the Railroad Retire4 There was no objection. 3460) to amend the Tennessee Valley Au4