Peter Kürsteiner and Christian Klug
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An Inventory of Belemnites Documented in Six Us National Parks in Alaska
Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P. & Lichtig, A. J., 2021, Fossil Record 7. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 82. 357 AN INVENTORY OF BELEMNITES DOCUMENTED IN SIX US NATIONAL PARKS IN ALASKA CYNTHIA D. SCHRAER1, DAVID J. SCHRAER2, JUSTIN S. TWEET3, ROBERT B. BLODGETT4, and VINCENT L. SANTUCCI5 15001 Country Club Lane, Anchorage AK 99516; -email: [email protected]; 25001 Country Club Lane, Anchorage AK 99516; -email: [email protected]; 3National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1201 Eye Street, Washington, D.C. 20005; -email: justin_tweet@ nps.gov; 42821 Kingfisher Drive, Anchorage, AK 99502; -email: [email protected];5 National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1849 “C” Street, Washington, D.C. 20240; -email: [email protected] Abstract—Belemnites (order Belemnitida) are an extinct group of coleoid cephalopods, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. We compiled detailed information on 252 occurrences of belemnites in six National Park Service (NPS) areas in Alaska. This information was based on published literature and maps, unpublished U.S. Geological Survey internal fossil reports (“Examination and Report on Referred Fossils” or E&Rs), the U.S. Geological Survey Mesozoic locality register, the Alaska Paleontological Database, the NPS Paleontology Archives and our own records of belemnites found in museum collections. Few specimens have been identified and many consist of fragments. However, even these suboptimal specimens provide evidence that belemnites are present in given formations and provide direction for future research. Two especially interesting avenues for research concern the time range of belemnites in Alaska. Belemnites are known to have originated in what is now Europe in the Early Jurassic Hettangian and to have a well-documented world-wide distribution in the Early Jurassic Toarcian. -
Doguzhaeva Etal 2014 Embryo
Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic LARISA A. DOGUZHAEVA, ROBERT WEIS, DOMINIQUE DELSATE AND NINO MARIOTTI Doguzhaeva, L.A., Weis, R., Delsate, D. & Mariotti N. 2014: Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic. Lethaia, Vol. 47, pp. 49–65. Early Jurassic belemnites are of particular interest to the study of the evolution of skel- etal morphology in Lower Carboniferous to the uppermost Cretaceous belemnoids, because they signal the beginning of a global Jurassic–Cretaceous expansion and diver- sification of belemnitids. We investigated potentially relevant, to this evolutionary pat- tern, shell features of Sinemurian–Bajocian Nannobelus, Parapassaloteuthis, Holcobelus and Pachybelemnopsis from the Paris Basin. Our analysis of morphological, ultrastruc- tural and chemical traits of the earliest ontogenetic stages of the shell suggests that modified embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites was a factor in their expansion and colonization of the pelagic zone and resulted in remarkable diversification of belemnites. Innovative traits of the embryonic shell of Sinemurian– Bajocian belemnites include: (1) an inorganic–organic primordial rostrum encapsulating the protoconch and the phragmocone, its non-biomineralized compo- nent, possibly chitin, is herein detected for the first time; (2) an organic rich closing membrane which was under formation. It was yet perforated and possessed a foramen; and (3) an organic rich pro-ostracum earlier documented in an embryonic shell of Pliensbachian Passaloteuthis. The inorganic–organic primordial rostrum tightly coat- ing the protoconch and phragmocone supposedly enhanced protection, without increase in shell weight, of the Early Jurassic belemnites against explosion in deep- water environment. -
Abbreviation Kiel S. 2005, New and Little Known Gastropods from the Albian of the Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagaskar
1 Reference (Explanations see mollusca-database.eu) Abbreviation Kiel S. 2005, New and little known gastropods from the Albian of the Mahajanga Basin, Northwestern Madagaskar. AF01 http://www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/ForschungImadagaskar.htm (11.03.2007, abstract) Bandel K. 2003, Cretaceous volutid Neogastropoda from the Western Desert of Egypt and their place within the noegastropoda AF02 (Mollusca). Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg, Heft 87, p 73-98, 49 figs., Hamburg (abstract). www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/Forschung/publications.htm (29.10.2007) Kiel S. & Bandel K. 2003, New taxonomic data for the gastropod fauna of the Uzamba Formation (Santonian-Campanian, South AF03 Africa) based on newly collected material. Cretaceous research 24, p. 449-475, 10 figs., Elsevier (abstract). www.geowiss.uni-hamburg.de/i-geolo/Palaeontologie/Forschung/publications.htm (29.10.2007) Emberton K.C. 2002, Owengriffithsius , a new genus of cyclophorid land snails endemic to northern Madagascar. The Veliger 45 (3) : AF04 203-217. http://www.theveliger.org/index.html Emberton K.C. 2002, Ankoravaratra , a new genus of landsnails endemic to northern Madagascar (Cyclophoroidea: Maizaniidae?). AF05 The Veliger 45 (4) : 278-289. http://www.theveliger.org/volume45(4).html Blaison & Bourquin 1966, Révision des "Collotia sensu lato": un nouveau sous-genre "Tintanticeras". Ann. sci. univ. Besancon, 3ème AF06 série, geologie. fasc.2 :69-77 (Abstract). www.fossile.org/pages-web/bibliographie_consacree_au_ammon.htp (20.7.2005) Bensalah M., Adaci M., Mahboubi M. & Kazi-Tani O., 2005, Les sediments continentaux d'age tertiaire dans les Hautes Plaines AF07 Oranaises et le Tell Tlemcenien (Algerie occidentale). -
The Early Evolutionary History of Belemnites: New Data from Japan
The Early Evolutionary History of Belemnites: New Data from Japan Yasuhiro Iba1*, Shin-ichi Sano2,Jo¨ rg Mutterlose3 1 Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2 Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama, Japan, 3 Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany Abstract Belemnites (Order Belemnitida), a very successful group of Mesozoic coleoid cephalopods, dominated the world’s oceans throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous. According to the current view, the phylogenetically earliest belemnites are known from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian, 201–199 Ma) of northern Europe. They are of low diversity and have small sized rostra without clear grooves. Their distribution is restricted to this area until the Pliensbachian (191–183 Ma). Here we describe two new belemnite taxa of the Suborder Belemnitina from the Sinemurian (199–191 Ma) of Japan: Nipponoteuthis katana gen et sp. nov., which represents the new family Nipponoteuthidae, and Eocylindroteuthis (?) yokoyamai sp. nov. This is the first reliable report of Sinemurian belemnites outside of Europe and the earliest record of typical forms of Belemnitina in the world. The Sinemurian belemnites from Japan have small to large rostra with one deep and long apical groove. Morphologically these forms are completely different from coeval European genera of Hettangian–Sinemurian age. These new findings suggest that three groups of Belemnitina existed in the Hettangian–Sinemurian: 1) European small forms, 2) Japanese very large forms, and 3) the typical forms with a distinctive apical groove, reported here. The Suborder Belemnitina therefore did not necessarily originate in the Hettangian of northern Europe. The new material from Japan documents that the suborder Belemnitina had a much higher diversity in the early Jurassic than previously thought, and it also shows strong endemisms from the Sinemurian onwards. -
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Mollusca – Class Bivalvia • Class of marine and fresh water invertebrates with hinged shells • Previously referred to as Pelecypoda (pelecypods) • Includes over 9000 living species (clams, oysters, muscles, scallops) • Majority are filter feeders • Most species bury in sediment to protect from predators, most are modestly mobile, a few like scallops can swim • Shell built of calcium carbonate • Earliest bivalves were in the Cambrian Period Clams are the longest living species on the planet. A clam found in Iceland was 507 years old. Many live 200-300 years. Class Bivalvia 31. Genus Exogyra ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________ Phyllum Mollusca – Class Bivalvia (cont.) 32. Genus Gryphaea ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 33. Genus Pecten ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 34. Genus Pholadomya ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Phylum Mollusca – Class Cephalopoda • Squids, octopuses, cuttlefish • Occupy all water depths and all of the world’s oceans, but with -
Specimens Sheds Light on the Structure of the Ammonite Brachial Crown C
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN New evidence from exceptionally “well‑preserved” specimens sheds light on the structure of the ammonite brachial crown C. P. A. Smith1*, N. H. Landman2*, J. Bardin3 & I. Kruta2,3* Ammonite soft body remains are rarely preserved. One of the biggest enigmas is the morphology of the ammonite brachial crown that has, up till now, never been recovered. Recently, mysterious hook‑ like structures have been reported in multiple specimens of Scaphitidae, a large family of heteromorph Late Cretaceous ammonites. A previous examination of these structures revealed that they belong to the ammonites. Their nature, however, remained elusive. Here, we exploit tomographic data to study their arrangement in space in order to clarify this matter. After using topological data analyses and comparing their morphology, number, and distribution to other known cephalopod structures, in both extant and extinct taxa, we conclude that these hook‑like structures represent part of the brachial crown armature. Therefore, it appears that there are at least three independent evolutionary origins of hooks: in belemnoids, oegospids, and now in ammonites. Finally, we propose for the frst time a hypothetical reconstruction of an ammonite brachial crown. Ammonites are an abundant and iconic group of extinct marine organisms. Although they are ubiquitous in the fossil record, the anatomy of their sof body is unfortunately very poorly known, hindering our knowledge of their paleoecology and paleobiology. One of the biggest uncertainties involves the morphology of their brachial crown. According to phylogenetic bracketing, it is generally assumed that they had ten arms1,2. However, no remains of arms or arm structures have ever been discovered in ammonites, not even when internal organs are preserved3. -
The Gladiuses in Coleoid Cephalopods: Homology, Parallelism, Or Convergence?
Swiss J Palaeontol (2015) 134:187–197 DOI 10.1007/s13358-015-0100-3 The gladiuses in coleoid cephalopods: homology, parallelism, or convergence? 1 1 Dirk Fuchs • Yasuhiro Iba Received: 26 February 2015 / Accepted: 15 August 2015 / Published online: 25 September 2015 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2015 Abstract In the cephalopod subclass Coleoidea, several cuttlebone demonstrates furthermore that a gladius might homology problems exist, mainly owing to unsolved phy- have also evolved from a secondarily proostracum-less logenetic relationships between decabrachian orders. The phragmocone. Life styles and habitats of living and present contribution reviews the ‘‘similarity’’ of the glad- Mesozoic gladius-bearing octobrachians are finally dis- ius, the chitinous shell rudiment in the dorsal mantle that cussed in the light of our conclusions. provides rigid attachment sites for the locomotory-relevant musculature. As a secretion product of the shell sac Keywords Cephalopoda Á Coleoidea Á Gladiuses Á epithelium as well as in the light of a common three-lay- Homology Á Parallelism Á Convergence ered construction, both the octobrachian and the deca- brachian gladius types most probably represent homologues with identical developmental mechanisms; Introduction ‘‘similarities’’ in gladius shapes in unrelated lineages therefore should be considered as the result of parallelism. The gladius (English ‘‘pen’’; French ‘‘plume’’; German Ultrastructural comparisons with Mesozoic coleoids sug- ‘‘Schulp’’) is a chitinous, spatulate structure located in the gest that an organic gladius is actually embedded in every dorsal midline of the body of coleoid cephalopods. This proostracum-bearing phragmocone. It is therefore gener- sturdy ‘‘backbone’’ typically occupies the full length of the ally accepted that a gladius evolved through decalcification dorsal mantle and provides attachment of various loco- of a proostracum-bearing phragmocone. -
Absence of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs and Its Implications for Triassic Mesopelagic Paleoecology
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Absence of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs and Its Implications for Triassic Mesopelagic Paleoecology Motani, Ryosuke ; Ji, Cheng ; Tomita, Taketeru ; Kelley, Neil ; Maxwell, Erin ; Jiang, Da-yong ; Sander, Paul Martin Abstract: Mesozoic marine reptiles and modern marine mammals are often considered ecological analogs, but the extent of their similarity is largely unknown. Particularly important is the presence/absence of deep-diving suction feeders among Mesozoic marine reptiles because this would indicate the establish- ment of mesopelagic cephalopod and fish communities in the Mesozoic. A recent study suggested that diverse suction feeders, resembling the extant beaked whales, evolved among ichthyosaurs in the Triassic. However, this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively. We examined four osteological features of jawed vertebrates that are closely linked to the mechanism of suction feeding, namely hyoid cor- pus ossification/calcification, hyobranchial apparatus robustness, mandibular bluntness, and mandibular pressure concentration index. Measurements were taken from 18 species of Triassic and Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs, including the presumed suction feeders. Statistical comparisons with extant sharks and marine mammals of known diets suggest that ichthyosaurian hyobranchial bones are significantly more slender than in suction-feeding sharks or cetaceans but similar to those of ram-feeding sharks. Most importantly, an ossified hyoid corpus to which hyoid retractor muscles attach is unknown in all butone ichthyosaur, whereas a strong integration of the ossified corpus and cornua of the hyobranchial apparatus has been identified in the literature as an important feature of suction feeders. -
Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides
TERRA NOSTRA Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – 2012/3 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides 24.09. – 29.09.2012 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Edited by Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Cover-Abstract.indd 1 24.08.12 15:52 IMPRINT TERRA NOSTRA – Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Publisher Verlag GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Arno-Holz-Str. 14, 12165 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 7900660, Fax: +49 (0)30 79006612 Email: [email protected] Editorial office Dr. Christof Ellger Schriftleitung GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Arno-Holz-Str. 14, 12165 Berlin, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 79006622, Fax: +49 (0)30 79006612 Email: [email protected] Vol. 2012/3 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft. Heft 2012/3 Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides Jubiläumstagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft. Programm, Kurzfassungen und Exkursionsführer Editors Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Herausgeber Editorial staff Faysal Bibi, George A. Darwin, Franziska Heuer, Wolfgang Kiessling, Redaktion Dieter Korn, Sarah Löwe, Uta Merkel, Thomas Schmid-Dankward Printed by Druckerei Conrad GmbH, Oranienburger Str. 172, 13437 Berlin Druck Copyright and responsibility for the scientific content of the contributions lie with the authors. Copyright und Verantwortung für den wissenschaftlichen Inhalt der Beiträge liegen bei den Autoren. ISSN 0946-8978 GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – Berlin, September 2012 Centenary Meeting of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft Programme, Abstracts, and Field Guides 24.09. – 29.09.2012 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Edited by Florian Witzmann & Martin Aberhan Organisers: Martin Aberhan, Jörg Fröbisch Oliver Hampe, Wolfgang Kiessling Johannes Müller, Christian Neumann Manja Voss, Florian Witzmann Table of Contents Welcome ........................................................... -
Proceedings of the 3Rd International Symposium Coleoid Cephalopods Through Time
Proceedings of the Dirk Fuchs (editor) 3rd international symposium Coleoid Cephalopods Through Time international symposium symposium international Luxembourg rd 8th - 11th October 2008 Coleoid Cephalopods Through Time Through Cephalopods Coleoid Proceedings 3 Proceedings Dirk Fuchs (editor) Ferrantia Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle Luxembourg www.mnhn.lu 59 2010 Ferrantia 59 2010 2010 59 Ferrantia 59 Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium Coleoid Cephalopods Through Time Luxembourg 8th - 11th October 2008 Dirk Fuchs (editor) Luxembourg, 2010 Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle Luxembourg Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium Coleoid Cephalopods Through Time Luxembourg 8th - 11th October 2008 Dirk Fuchs (editor) Contents Preface 5 In memoriam Winfried Haas (1934-2007) K. Bandel 6 It's All in the Cues: Octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) Learn to Open Jars Roland C. Anderson, Jennifer A. Mather 8 The 'yolk organ' of cephalopod embryos: on transient functions from crawling substratum to provisional knapsack S. von Boletzky 14 Non-invasive methods of identifying and tracking wild squid. R. A. Byrne, J. B. Wood, R. C. Anderson, U. Griebel, J. A. Mather 22 Characterization of the adhesive organ of Idiosepius biserialis Voss, 1962 and Idiosepius pygmaeus Steenstrup, 1881 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) N. Cyran, W. Klepal, J. von Byern 32 A radula and associated cephalic remains of a Late Carboniferous coleoid from Oklahoma, USA L. A. Doguzhaeva, R. H. Mapes, S. Bengtson, H. Mutvei 37 The first diplobelid coleoid from the Cenomanian of south-eastern India D. Fuchs, A. Vartak, G. Kendrick, M. Ghare 51 A rare and unusual teudopseid coleoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Hâqel (Lebanon) D.Fuchs 61 A new Plesioteuthis with beak from the Kimmeridgian of Nusplingen (Germany) Ch. -
Anatomy and Evolution of the First Coleoidea in the Carboniferous
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Anatomy and evolution of the first Coleoidea in the Carboniferous Klug, Christian ; Landman, Neil H ; Fuchs, Dirk ; Mapes, Royal H ; Pohle, Alexander ; Guériau, Pierre ; Reguer, Solenn ; Hoffmann, René Abstract: Coleoidea (squids and octopuses) comprise all crown group cephalopods except the Nautilida. Coleoids are characterized by internal shell (endocochleate), ink sac and arm hooks, while nautilids lack an ink sac, arm hooks, suckers, and have an external conch (ectocochleate). Differentiating between straight conical conchs (orthocones) of Palaeozoic Coleoidea and other ectocochleates is only possible when rostrum (shell covering the chambered phragmocone) and body chamber are preserved. Here, we provide information on how this internalization might have evolved. We re-examined one of the oldest coleoids, Gordoniconus beargulchensis from the Early Carboniferous of the Bear Gulch Fossil- Lagerstätte (Montana) by synchrotron, various lights and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). This revealed previously unappreciated anatomical details, on which we base evolutionary scenarios of how the internalization and other evolutionary steps in early coleoid evolution proceeded. We suggest that conch internalization happened rather suddenly including early growth stages while the ink sac evolved slightly later. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0523-2 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-172717 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Klug, Christian; Landman, Neil H; Fuchs, Dirk; Mapes, Royal H; Pohle, Alexander; Guériau, Pierre; Reguer, Solenn; Hoffmann, René (2019). -
Ecological Replacement of Associations of Mollusc Plankton and Giant Filter Feeders After the Cretaceous?
The old and the new plankton: ecological replacement of associations of mollusc plankton and giant filter feeders after the Cretaceous? Amane Tajika1, Alexander Nützel2 and Christian Klug1 1 Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 2 SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, GeoBio-Center LMU, München, Germany ABSTRACT Owing to their great diversity and abundance, ammonites and belemnites represented key elements in Mesozoic food webs. Because of their extreme ontogenetic size increase by up to three orders of magnitude, their position in the food webs likely changed during ontogeny. Here, we reconstruct the number of eggs laid by large adult females of these cephalopods and discuss developmental shifts in their ecologic roles. Based on similarities in conch morphology, size, habitat and abundance, we suggest that similar niches occupied in the Cretaceous by juvenile ammonites and belemnites were vacated during the extinction and later partially filled by holoplanktonic gastropods. As primary consumers, these extinct cephalopod groups were important constituents of the plank- ton and a principal food source for planktivorous organisms. As victims or, respectively, profiteers of this case of ecological replacement, filter feeding chondrichthyans and cetaceans likely filled the niches formerly occupied by large pachycormid fishes during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Subjects Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Studies, Marine Biology, Paleontology, Zoology Keywords Belemnitida, Ammonoidea, Cretaceous, Fecundity, Palaeogene, Filter feeders, Holoplanktonic gastropoda, Pachycormiformes, Mass extinctions Submitted 25 September 2017 Accepted 12 December 2017 Published 9 January 2018 INTRODUCTION Corresponding author Christian Klug, [email protected] The fate of individual groups of marine organisms at mass extinctions is of considerable Academic editor interest (e.g., Jablonski & Raup, 1994; Jablonski, 2008).