COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone During SARS-Cov-2 Infection
pharmaceuticals Review COVID-19—The Potential Beneficial Therapeutic Effects of Spironolactone during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Katarzyna Kotfis 1,* , Kacper Lechowicz 1 , Sylwester Drozd˙ zal˙ 2 , Paulina Nied´zwiedzka-Rystwej 3 , Tomasz K. Wojdacz 4, Ewelina Grywalska 5 , Jowita Biernawska 6, Magda Wi´sniewska 7 and Miłosz Parczewski 8 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; kacper.lechowicz@pum.edu.pl 2 Department of Pharmacokinetics and Monitored Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; starkdrozd@wp.pl 3 Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; paulina.niedzwiedzka-rystwej@usz.edu.pl 4 Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; tomasz.wojdacz@pum.edu.pl 5 Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; ewelina.grywalska@gmail.com 6 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; jowita.biernawska@pum.edu.pl 7 Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; mwisniewska35@gmail.com 8 Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; mparczewski@yahoo.co.uk * Correspondence: katarzyna.kotfis@pum.edu.pl; Tel.: +48-91-466-11-44 Abstract: In March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared Citation: Kotfis, K.; Lechowicz, K.; a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The clinical course of the disease is Drozd˙ zal,˙ S.; Nied´zwiedzka-Rystwej, unpredictable but may lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and pneumonia leading to P.; Wojdacz, T.K.; Grywalska, E.; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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