Rhode Island Governor's Justice Commission High, Lights and Analysis from 25 Years of Collecting Serious Crime Data
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Rhode Island Governor's Justice Commission High, lights and Analysis from 25 Years of Collecting Serious Crime Data A State, Cities and Towns Study, 1970-1994 O'1 L~ ~-- Lincoln Almond •";. Governor Joseph E. Smith Executive Director Governor's Justice Commission Report No. 37 Statistical Analysis Center September, 1995 Providence, Rhode Island THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT GOVERNOR'S USTICE] COMMiSSiON Lincoln Almond, Governor Governor's Justice Commission Policy Board Col. Edmond S. Culhane, Jr., Chair A. Kathyrn Power, Vice Chair Walter Baptista Hon. Bruce Long Daniel Beardsley Chief Thomas Moffatt Richard Casparian Hon. William Murphy Sharon Conard-Wells Officer Denise Owens Sgt. Edward R. Conway, Jr. Irving Owens Hon. Albert DeRobbio Norman Phelps Christine Ferguson Hon. Jeffrey B. Pine Hon. Michael J. Flynn Hon. Joseph Rodgers Hon. Gordon Fox T.P. Schwartz Brother Brendan Gerrity David F. Spencer Aurendina Gonsalves-Veiga Chief Vincent Vespia, Jr. Jonathan Houston George Vose George Jenssen Hon. Joseph Weisberger Hon. Jeremiah S. Jeremiah Hon. Timothy Williamson Jay Lindgren Donald W. Wyatt Fred Lippitt Governor's Justice Commission Joseph Smith, Executive Director Statistical Analysis Center Norman Dakake, Director This report is made possible through a grant received from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. TEL (401) 277-2620 0 275 WESTMINSTER STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 o FAX (401) 277-1294 /z-&gL3 NCJRS FEB ~ 4 1996 ACQUISIT~ON$ Highlights and Analysis from 25 Years of Collecting Serious Crime Data A State, Cities and Towns Study, 1970-1994 / Lincoln Almond Governor Joseph E. Smith Executive Director Norman Dakake Director, Statistical Analysis Center Governor's Justice Commission 158813 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the Report No. 37 person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent September, 1995 the official position or policies of the National institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this~ material has been granted by Public Domain/OJP/BJS U.S. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduct.ion outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the 4m~Im~l,,owner. 0 0 0 0 ® TABLE OF CONTENTS GOVERNOR'S JUSTICE COMMISSION POLICY BOARD Inside Cover ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW 3 THE STATE OF RHODE ISLAND 7 a: Map of the State of Rhode Island 7 b: Historic, Geographic and Economic Background 7 c: Population Analysis 8 d: Crime Volume and Crime Rate Highlights 9 i: Violent Crime Discussion 10 ii." Property Crime Discussion 11 e: Graphs and Tables 12 CITIES AND TOWNS OF RHODE ISLAND 17 a: Introduction 17 b: Index of Cities and Towns 19 C: Individual City and Town Summaries 20 APPENDICES 97 ONE: Uniform Crime Reporting System 97 TWO: Methodology 98 THREE: Glossary of Serious Crimes 100 FOUR: NIBRS -- The Future of Crime Reporting 102 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A study of this nature by necessity involves many persons and many sources. I am deeply indebted to all those professionals that assisted the Rhode Island Statistical Analysis Center down through the many years of reporting. In particular, I am indebted to all the "number crunchers" and "computer whizs" who toiled long and hard in gathering, recording and processing the many thousands upon thousands of statistics and data over the last quarter-century. At the Governor's Justice Commission this study commenced approximately 15 years ago when the late Dennis Tierney, at my instruction, began utilizing accounting spreadsheets to organize the crime data from year 1970 forward. His attention to numbers and detail reflected his lengthy accounting and statistical experience. His persona and skills are missed by those that worked with him. In 1993, the GJC/SAC were quite fortunate to be assigned the services of Meredith Spencer. Ms. Spencer came to us via Providence College and the State Government Internship Program. Her knowledge of Lotus 1-2-3 was immediately noted by SAC management and thus quickly utilized in structuring the serious crime tables. Our latest contact source has informed us that Ms. Spencer is employed by the Department of Recreation, Aurora, Colorado. In the late spring of 1995, we were again fortunate to be assigned another outstanding Internship Program student. The student I speak of is Jeremy Mills whose permanent residence is Rhode Island and who attends college at Rice University in Houston, Texas. His knowledge and enthusiasm were immense. For example, he integrated in-depth computer, statistical and English composition knowledge into amassing section after section of quality report output pertaining to this document. His future will no doubt be filled with much success. Kathleen Loiselle, a relative newcomer to the GJC, but one with a wealth of public administration background, provided administrative and technical assistance in assuring that this huge task leave our office in a timely fashion. It has always been clear to us just how much the Rhode Island State Police's Uniform Crime Reporting center impacts many of our studies. Over the many years, they have been the state's standardized crime data and information center relative to the national Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Early in this decade, and particularly during the 1980's, the SAC was guided and assisted by the State Police's following management and technical personnel: Captain Louis Clark, Leo Trambukis and Brian Glancy. Their devotion to duty and responsibility was outstanding. At the present time, the UCR center is under the capable direction of Lt. Armand Bilodeau. Moreover, the center's overall production has been greatly enhanced and expanded by the appointment of Linda Fraccola as the group's lead editor, statistical and analysis person. In summary, the GJC/SAC is deeply grateful to the entire Rhode Island State Police organization; both agencies have enjoyed maximum cooperation and mutual assistance with one another for over 25 years. To the many, many UCR Coordinators, uniformed and civilian alike, my deepest thanks and appreciation is extended. Their provision of quantitative statistics in a qualitative manner has made this report possible. On a federal level or note, I am grateful to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Center headquartered in Washington, D.C. Their annual provision of volumes of information to Rhode Island and the nation is invaluable. Finally, I must mention with much gratitude, the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics Program Manager, Paul White. Mr. White's excellent knowledge of the BJS program, his constant guidance and integrity are but a few attributes sent in his direction. In short, his assistance to the Rhode Island SAC, the GJC, and the state's entire criminal information/history system(s) are most positive and proven to be very beneficial. Norman Dakake, SAC Director August, 1995 INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW Background It can be said, with a great degree of accuracy, that this report commenced 25 years ago. Starting in 1970, the Rhode Island State Police (RISP) issued the first printed and distributed serious crime report. They continued that effort until 1975 when, by agreement, the Governor's Justice Commission's (GJC) Statistical Analysis Center (SAC) took responsibility for the annual report. The SAC continued reporting until 1993 when the annual report responsibility returned to the RISP. In all, the reporting utilized was/is the Federal Bureau of Investigation's nationally accepted and time-tested Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Briefly, this report tracks and analyzes seven major crime offenses over a period of 25 years (1970-1994), for the state as a whole, and each city and town participating in the UCR program. Specifically, the serious crime index, addresses the following offenses: • • Homicide • Rape • Robbery • Assault • Burglary • Larceny • Motor Vehicle Theft The aforementioned fall into two classification sub-categories: violent crimes and property crimes. It is intended that this 25 year study will provide to state and municipal administrators, as well as law enforcement and private social service agencies, a blueprint of the last quarter century and further, the excellent provision of a key planning resource for the future. An immediate question may well be: just how has Rhode Island fared over the last quarter century? In short, Rhode Island's overall crime rates and statistics, are below national averages. However, experience tells us that we must continue our high quality law enforcement, justice and criminal justice services, or else lapse into a possible unbearable societal and costly scenario. For many years, UCR/Serious Crime data have been used in many policy discussions/decisions including those on: crime control, gun control, victim's rights, school crime, juvenile delinquency, domestic violence, drug control and many other areas impacting the justice system. There are two terms used throughout this report that are often mistakenly believed to mean the same thing. These phrases are crime volume and crime rate. Crime volume is used to refer 3 to the actual number of offenses committed within the jurisdiction. If there were five violent crimes and ten property crimes in a municipality during 1994, the crime volume would be fifteen. Crime rate is weighted to take the population of the jurisdiction into effect when measuring crime. If the population of a community is 1,500 and there were fifteen crime reported there, the crime rate would be 1,000 crimes per 100,000 population. All rates within this study are reported per 100,000 permanent residents of the community. While other areas use different numbers, such as 10,000, the figure used in this study is the number most commonly used. Any further questions on terminology and methodolgy should be referred to Appendices Two and Three on pages 98 and 100.