Yang: a Busca Pelo Equilíbrio Entre Os Opostos

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Yang: a Busca Pelo Equilíbrio Entre Os Opostos Yi n - Yang: a busca pelo equilíbrio entre os opostos FERNANDA CHAVES, LUANA FERREIRA E NATÁLIA VOMMARO ia e noite, preto e bran- branco pelo chamado diagrama e de sua polarização nasceu o co, positivo e negativo. do Taiji Tu, que aparece na icono- Dois, o Yin e o Yang, que em Para muitos, esses são grafia das mais diferentes for- constantes interações pro d u z termos opostos, que se mas, desde amuletos a tatuagens todos os fenômenos da natureza: repelem ou se distanciam. No e marcas de alimentos. Entender o dia e a noite, frio e calor, con- entanto, nas culturas orientais, o sentido original do Yin-Yang é tração e expansão, e, em último os opostos são energias comple- c o m p reender toda a base da nível, a vida e a morte. O Yang mentares, que se equilibram, são religião, medicina e cultura ori- significa o princípio ativo, mas- dependentes entre si. Esse é o sig- entais. culino, diurno, luminoso, quente, nificado do Yi n - Yang, símbolo Segundo a cosmologia oriental, e, portanto o branco, enquanto o representado nas cores preto e o princípio era o Um, o absoluto, Yin o princípio passivo, feminino, P & B 33 Arquivo Roberta Ferreira cerca de cinco mil anos, criados por Fu Shi. Algumas teorias atribuem esse nome a uma pes- soa física, enquanto outros o explicam como uma energ i a potencial presente em todos nós. O professor de I Ching Oscar Maron, da Sociedade Taoísta do Brasil, explica de forma simples como podemos entender a sim- bologia do I Ching: “Ao todo são 64 princípios, representados por diferentes combinações de linhas, onde cada linha representa Yin ou Yang. Os hexagramas associ- am a percepção do Yin e do Yang aos ciclos de mutação da na- Para a professora Roberta, o iogue deve procurar estar acima das forças opostas t u rez a, discutindo como o ser humano pode se integrar a ela de noturno, escuro, frio, enfim, o na velha China por volta de 700 uma forma melhor. No julga- preto. a.C., e seus conceitos básicos mento de cada hexagrama e na É interessante destacar aqui encontram-se registrados no análise das linhas são especifi- que essas características não são mais antigo livro originário do cadas as situações de interação definições, que implicam em Extremo Oriente, o I Ching (Yì entre os pólos que produzem os juízo de valor. Ao contrário do J¥ng), também chamado de O fenômenos mutáveis que vive- que estamos familiarizados nas livro das mutações. Ele oferece um mos, indicando que todas as civilizações ocidentais, o Yi n - complexo e meticuloso manual coisas quando chegam ao seu Yang nega as oposições mani- para a compreensão do cons- limite máximo transform a m - s e queístas. Não existe bem e mal, tante fluxo energético que con- no oposto”. mas um infinito ciclo onde ener- tinuamente cria e altera o mun- O livro é um texto clássico que gias diferentes se equilibram vol- do. Oráculo e obra filosófica, foi pode ser interpretado como orácu- tando a ser uma coisa só. revelado como meio de apri- lo ou como um livro de sabedoria. As pessoas, assim como a moramento para o ser humano Seus ensinamentos nos falam, natureza, trazem manifestações viver de forma equilibrada, har- principalmente, da relação do dessas duas energias. Desse mo- mônica e em maior sintonia com homem com seu interior, e como do, sob condições normais do o seu próprio destino. esse diálogo se reflete em seus corpo humano, um relativo equi- O I Ching é a referência que, c o m p o r tamentos diante do univer- líbrio fisiológico é mantido pela resumida e simploriamente, equi- so. Na própria China, o I Ching é mútua oposição entre Yin e Yang. vale à Bíblia para os chineses. Há alvo de estudos diferenciados, de Se por alguma razão esta opo- duas correntes principais que origem religiosa, erudita, ou de sição resultar num excesso de Yin i n t e r p r etam o livro: o Confu- adeptos do Taoísmo. No Brasil, o ou de Yang, o equilíbrio fisiológi- cionismo e o Taoísmo. Ambas l i v ro encontrou bastante espaço, co relativo do corpo é destruído e admitem o I Ching como o porém, principalmente, como fer- a doença aparece. primeiro e mais importante de ramenta esotérica ou quase como A teoria Yin-Yang da polari- todos os estudos. Os primeiros um “livro da sorte”, sendo deixada dade universal, ou dos opostos símbolos, compostos por trigra- um pouco de lado sua função pri- complementares, teve sua origem mas e hexagramas, surgiram há m o rdial como filosofia. Julho/Dezembro 2006 34 Tratamentos como a acupuntura são feitos a partir da classificação dos meridianos do corpo O Yin-Yang na tradição do A filosofia iogue turas que visam à introspecção e ao equilíbrio), a meditação e can- Yoga considera o dirigir-se A filosofia do equilíbrio entre tos devocionais. No dia a dia, forças opostas e, simultanea- para além desse aplica-se isso a uma vida mode- mente, complementares também carrossel, a superação rada: não comer demais, não encontra espaço entre os se- de todos os opostos beber, não fumar, etc. guidores do Yoga. A professora de Segundo a professora Roberta, concebíveis, essencial Yoga Roberta Ferreira explica que o mundo ocidental ainda tem a teoria do Yin-Yang não está para se chegar à muita dificuldade em aceitar a documentada nos livros da iluminação teoria de que o bom e o ruim são tradição iogue da mesma forma apenas lados da mesma moeda e que no I Ching, porém a simbolo- opostos. Na verdade, o que im- que tudo que está em con- gia por trás do ícone está pre- porta é conhecer a realidade inte- tradição contém o “germe” de sente em muitos dos ensinamen- rior, que está acima de todos estes seu oposto, assim como o símbo- tos que o praticante precisa co- padrões opostos”. lo do Yin-Yang: “Todos os opos- nhecer: “O Yoga se propõe a Para atingir este objetivo, o tos, tais como o bem e o mal, são superar a realidade externa tal aspirante deve seguir as práticas relativos. Portanto, o ser humano como conhecemos, o chamado do Yoga, com o intuito de contro- não se deve esforçar simples- Maya. Tal realidade é composta lar sua forma de atuação no mente para alcançar o ‘bem’, de opostos: o claro e o escuro, o mundo externo, que ora se mas sim procurar manter um bom e o mau, o frio e o quente, mostra favorável (com o prazer, a equilíbrio dinâmico entre o ‘bem’ etc. O verdadeiro iogue não se satisfação, etc.), ora desfavorável e o ‘mal’, entre estes opostos. O deixa abalar por essas modifi- (a dor, o sofrimento). Tais práti- universo e seus padrões estão em cações, oscilações, de contrários, cas incluem a Hatha Yoga (pos- constante mudança, e o que o P & B 35 exclusivamente, com o intuito de transmitir paz, para que seja o se atingir a iluminação. Não é o lugar ideal para se re c a rregar as prazer o que o iogue busca, pois baterias espirituais e emocionais ele sabe que o prazer e a dor ca- gastas durante o dia”. minham juntos e constituem Além disso, são muito impor- faces da mesma coisa. A filosofia tantes para o Feng Shui a venti- iogue considera o dirigir-se para lação e a iluminação. Segundo a além desse carrossel, a superação decoradora, o ideal é que se de todos os opostos concebíveis, tenha uma ou duas grandes essencial para se chegar à ilumi- janelas que permitam, ao mesmo nação”, diz a professora. tempo, a entrada de luz e de ar Ou seja, a filosofia do Yoga é suficientes para a energia cósmi- seguir o caminho do meio, o que ca pessoal. Além disso, a vista do não se confunde com ficar “em q u a r to também é de cru c i a l cima do muro”. O caminho do importância para a energia do meio é, justamente, aquele que ambiente. Caso não haja uma sublimou os opostos, que não se bela vista, aconselha-se o uso de Tai Chi Chuan abala por tais conceitos, sendo, plantas e flores que ajudem a iogue quer é se libertar destes em última instância, o caminho harmonizar o ambiente. É tam- padrões, para que não seja do equilíbrio. bém aconselhável que se pendure atingido pelas mutações cons- um cristal na janela, o que traz tantes e encontre a iluminação, E n e r gias opostas e o Feng Shui boas energias para o quarto. que se encontra desvinculada Dentre as muitas aplicações da “Outra questão importante se deste redemoinho” – explica Ro- filosofia Yi n - Yang nos hábitos refere aos objetos decorativos, e berta. cotidianos, destaca-se o Feng as cores, que devem ser cuida- Uma das diferenças entre a Shui, filosofia chinesa que busca dosamente escolhidos e posi- filosofia taoísta e a iogue é justa- a perfeita harmonia entre os cionados. Enfeites demais podem mente esta. A postura do taoísta seres humanos e os ambientes afetar negativamente a fluência é não interferir nas oscilações do que freqüenta. O Feng Shui estu- de energia dentro do quart o . mundo, não agir de forma con- da como podemos organizar nos- Além disso, cores muito fortes, trária à natureza das coisas, não sas casas, quartos ou escritórios a muito fracas, ou que não combi- exercendo força nenhuma sobre fim de alcançarmos sorte, felici- nam tornam a atmosfera dese- si mesmo ou sobre coisa alguma dade e saúde.
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