Observations of PAN and Its Confinement in The
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Soaring Weather
Chapter 16 SOARING WEATHER While horse racing may be the "Sport of Kings," of the craft depends on the weather and the skill soaring may be considered the "King of Sports." of the pilot. Forward thrust comes from gliding Soaring bears the relationship to flying that sailing downward relative to the air the same as thrust bears to power boating. Soaring has made notable is developed in a power-off glide by a conven contributions to meteorology. For example, soar tional aircraft. Therefore, to gain or maintain ing pilots have probed thunderstorms and moun altitude, the soaring pilot must rely on upward tain waves with findings that have made flying motion of the air. safer for all pilots. However, soaring is primarily To a sailplane pilot, "lift" means the rate of recreational. climb he can achieve in an up-current, while "sink" A sailplane must have auxiliary power to be denotes his rate of descent in a downdraft or in come airborne such as a winch, a ground tow, or neutral air. "Zero sink" means that upward cur a tow by a powered aircraft. Once the sailcraft is rents are just strong enough to enable him to hold airborne and the tow cable released, performance altitude but not to climb. Sailplanes are highly 171 r efficient machines; a sink rate of a mere 2 feet per second. There is no point in trying to soar until second provides an airspeed of about 40 knots, and weather conditions favor vertical speeds greater a sink rate of 6 feet per second gives an airspeed than the minimum sink rate of the aircraft. -
19 Research Centers – One Association Shaping the Future Together
19 RESEARCH CENTERS – ONE ASSOCIATION SHAPING THE FUTURE TOGETHER The Helmholtz Association comprises 19 scientific-technical Cooperation and biological-medical Research Centers with more than Helmholtz cooperates with the best national and international 40,000 employees and an annual budget of more than 4.7 billion partners from science, industry and politics in order to achieve euros. outstanding research results quickly and efficiently. Our research transcends the boundaries of disciplines and countries. In this Research for Mankind and the Environment way, Helmholtz is internationally competitive and able to deliver a All research at Helmholtz – whether it concerns climate change, a decisive contribution to solving the major challenges facing society. sustainable energy supply, the mobility of tomorrow, the preserva- tion of an intact ecosystem or the treatment for diseases – is Research Infrastructures and large-scale Facilities ultimately aiming at securing the foundation of human life in the Accelerator systems, research vessels, observatories or super- long term and creating the technological basis for a competitive computers – Helmholtz offers scientists unique research infra- economy. structures and large-scale facilities. Every year, more than 10,000 visiting scientists from more than 30 countries benefit from the Excellent Science from basic Research to Application unique research opportnities offered by our Helmholtz Centers. Around 16,000 scientific publications, more than 400 patent applications per year and currently around 3,000 industry International Project Management collaborations – Helmholtz has an excellent track record in both Helmholtz is frequently the hub of large-scale international research basic research and the development of applications. We have the tenacity to drive large-scale projects forward. -
Helmholtz Association Perspectives for Junior Researchers
Helmholtz Association Perspectives for junior researchers Dr. Caroline Krüger Forschen in Europa, September 2012 HELMHOLTZ MISSION . Seeking solutions for major societal challenges with cutting-edge research . Think big, act big: Developing and operating complex infrastructure and large-scale facilities for the national and international scientific community . Creating wealth for society and industry through transfer of knowledge and innovation PAGE 2 FACTS AND FIGURES . 33,634 Staff . 11,369 scientists & engineers . 6,234 PhD students . 1,623 vocational trainees . Budget 2012: €3.4 billion . €2.1 bn: Institutional funding (90% federal, 10% local) . €1.1 bn: Third-party funding . €0.1 bn: Other (Helmholtz Institutes, National Centres for Health Research) Germany's largest scientific research organisation. PAGE 3 HELMHOLTZ CENTRES . Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) . Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY . German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) . German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) . German Aerospace Center (DLR) . Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ) . Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) . GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research . Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) . Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) . Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ . Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) . Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG) . Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) -
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FORECASTING CALIFORNIA THUNDERSTORMS a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Re
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FORECASTING CALIFORNIA THUNDERSTORMS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Geography By Ilya Neyman May 2013 The thesis of Ilya Neyman is approved: _______________________ _________________ Dr. Steve LaDochy Date _______________________ _________________ Dr. Ron Davidson Date _______________________ _________________ Dr. James Hayes, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ii ABSTRACT iv INTRODUCTION 1 THESIS STATEMENT 12 IMPORTANT TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 13 LITERATURE REVIEW 17 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 24 TRADITIONALLY RECOGNIZED TORNADIC PARAMETERS 28 CASE STUDY 1: SEPTEMBER 10, 2011 33 CASE STUDY 2: JULY 29, 2003 48 CASE STUDY 3: JANUARY 19, 2010 62 CASE STUDY 4: MAY 22, 2008 91 CONCLUSIONS 111 REFERENCES 116 iii ABSTRACT FORECASTING CALIFORNIA THUNDERSTORMS By Ilya Neyman Master of Arts in Geography Thunderstorms are a significant forecasting concern for southern California. Even though convection across this region is less frequent than in many other parts of the country significant thunderstorm events and occasional severe weather does occur. It has been found that a further challenge in convective forecasting across southern California is due to the variety of sub-regions that exist including coastal plains, inland valleys, mountains and deserts, each of which is associated with different weather conditions and sometimes drastically different convective parameters. In this paper four recent thunderstorm case studies were conducted, with each one representative of a different category of seasonal and synoptic patterns that are known to affect southern California. In addition to supporting points made in prior literature there were numerous new and unique findings that were discovered during the scope of this research and these are discussed as they are investigated in their respective case study as applicable. -
The Iberian Peninsula Thermal Low
Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. (2003), 129, pp. 1491–1511 doi: 10.1256/qj.01.189 The Iberian Peninsula thermal low 1 2 By KLAUS P. HOINKA ¤ and MANUEL DE CASTRO 1Institut fur¨ Physik der Atmosph¨are, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 2Dpto. Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain (Received 9 November 2001; revised 26 September 2002) SUMMARY Statistics of the thermal low above the Iberian Peninsula are presented for the period between 1979 and 1993, based on gridded data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis project. The sample of days with a thermal low above the Iberian Peninsula was selected objectively using criteria applied to mean-sea-level pressure and 925 hPa geopotential elds. The synoptic- and regional-scale horizontal structure is characterized by the climatology of the 500 hPa geopotential and mean-sea-level pressure distributions. The diurnal evolution of the mean-sea-level pressure is portrayed by mean elds at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC. The climatological vertical structure of the thermal low is shown by relation to meridional and zonal cross- sections passing through the thermal low’s centre. The diurnal evolution of the divergence, relative vorticity, potential temperature and vertical velocity is investigated. Statistics are presented also for the monthly frequency, geographical location, vertical extent and intensity of the Iberian thermal low. KEYWORDS: ERA data Heated low 1. INTRODUCTION A thermal low is a warm, shallow, non-frontal depression which forms above continental regions, mostly in the subtropics, but also in the lower midlatitudes. They form mostly during summer months because of the intense surface heating over land. -
The Stuff of the Future Hydrogen Is a Beacon of Hope for the Energy Transition
2-20 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH’S MAGAZINE The stuff of the future Hydrogen is a beacon of hope for the energy transition FROM THE AIR IN THE DEEP ACROSS BORDERS Drones help to optimise How soils can better Jülich builds bridge of manioc cultivation in Africa provide for plants knowledge to Palestine 2 AS WE SEE IT IV S10 S12 PEM-Elektrolyse-Zelle Anode Kathode 2 Unusual flying object Floating and gathering: for several weeks in May and June 2020, the Zeppelin NT could be marvelled at over the Rhineland. S13 The airship flew in the service of atmospheric research and collected measurement data on nitrogen oxides, trace gases and fine dust in the air. This is how Jülich troposphere researchers wanted to find out how the pandemic affects air quality lockdown in the corona. Climate researcher Astrid Kiendler-Scharr says more on the topic in the video (in German): fz-juelich.de/covid-luftqualitaet S14 S15 TOPICS 3 NEWS “Crisis as an 5 opportunity” How the corona pandemic is affecting the relationship between science and society. COVERIV STORY S10 S12 25 The driving force The soil Builder of bridges as a pantry How soils can sustainably supply plants with nutrients. PEM-Elektrolyse-Zelle 18 Anode Kathode RESEARCH Research cooperation: The loss of taste Ghaleb Natour brings Germany and Palestine together. Hydrogen is to help implement 26 2 the energy transition. Technology from Jülich can make an important contribution to this. 8 SECTIONS Editorial 4 SCIENCE YEAR OF THE BIOECONOMY Publication details Survey confirms the influence of COVID-19 on the sense 4 Sowing knowledge, of taste and smell. -
Helmholtz Research for Grand Challenges
RESEARCH FOR HELMHOLTZGRAND CHALLENGES Helmholtz Association ■ Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2- 10178 Berlin ■ Germany Coordinator of the ExtremeEarth CSA project proposal European Centre for Medium -Range Weather Forecasts -ECMWF Dr. Peter Bauer Shinfield Park Reading, Berkshire, RG2 9AX UNITED KINGDOM 07.02.2018/AT Endorsement of the Flagship candidate project ExtremeEarth (CSA proposal) Dear Dr. Bauer, On behalf of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres I The President am expressing my strongest support for the CSA proposal to develop a Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. mult. Otmar D. Wiestler FET Flagship Project ExtremeEarth. Hermann von Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres This activity of the climate and earth system science communities to SpreePalais am Dorn develop a joint FET Flagship candidate project is a most timely and Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2 appropriate measure for the future of Europe. It will drastically enhance 10178 Berlin ■ Germany Europe's capability to predict and monitor environmental extremes and Tel. +49 30 206329-52 their impacts on society enabled by the imaginative integration of edge Fax +49 30 206329-59 and exascale computing and beyond, and the real-time exploitation of pervasive environmental data. [email protected] www.helmholtz.de The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres is strongly involved in Earth and environmental research activities which are Head Office: pursued at eight Helmholtz Centres. Ahrstraße 45 53175 Bonn ■ Germany Understanding and advancing our ability to predict the frequency of District Court Bonn VR 7942 occurrence and intensity of extremes reliably is of paramount importance for efforts to make society more resilient to the environmental impacts of Bank details: Sparkasse KölnBonn the present and changing climate, and it will allow European IBAN: DE59 3705 0198 0029 0005 10 governments and businesses to plan more effectively than they are able BIC: COLSDE33 for current and changing climate risks. -
The Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Contact E-Mail: [email protected]
GERMANY‘S RESEARCH LANDSCAPE AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR COOPERATION Dr Oksana Seumenicht Managing Director, German-Ukrainian Academic Society www.ukrainet.eu International Relations Manager Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin www.mdc-berlin.de Contact e-mail: [email protected] KYIV German-Ukrainian Forum of Young Researchers 9 December 2017 Germany’s Research Funding Environment More than 1000 public & publicly-funded research institutions, incl.: 400 higher education institutions > 250 institutes/ centres within 4 non- university research organizations 40 federal research (e.g. Robert Koch Institute) 130 state (Länder) research institutes/ centres 605,000 staff in R&D, incl. 361,000 researchers Page 2 Funding Organizations Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF): core funding of institutes, targeted strategic initiatives, support of international collaboration German Research Foundation (DFG): national research funding agency (grants for projects and programmes) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD): individual scholarships and programme grants to support internationalisation of German universities Alexander von Humboldt Foundation: individual scholarships & prizes (for PhD-level scientists), strong support of the alumni network Foundations: Volkswagen Stiftung, Robert Bosch Stiftung, Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg, Bertelsmann-Stiftung, Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, BI Fonds, etc. http://www.stiftungen.org/en/association-of-german-foundations.html Higher -
Dynamical and Synoptic Characteristics of Heavy Rainfall Episodes in Southern Brazil
598 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 135 Dynamical and Synoptic Characteristics of Heavy Rainfall Episodes in Southern Brazil MATEUS DA SILVA TEIXEIRA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sdo Jose dos Campos, Sdo Paulo, Brazil PRAKKI SATYAMURTY Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climdticos/INPE,Sio Jose dos Campos, Sdo Paulo, Brazil (Manuscript received 21 December 2005, in final form 19 May 2006) ABSTRACT The dynamical and synoptic characteristics that distinguish heavy rainfall episodes from nonheavy rainfall episodes in southern Brazil are discussed. A heavy rainfall episode is defined here as one in which the 2 50 mm day-' isohyet encloses an area of not less than [0 000 km in the domain of southern Brazil. One hundred and seventy such events are identified in the 11-yr period'of 1991-2001. The mean flow patterns in the period of 1-3 days preceding the episodes show some striking synoptic-scale features that may be considered forerunners of these episodes: (i) a deepening midtropospheric trough in the eastern South Pacific approaches the continent 3 days before, (ii) a surface low,pressure center forms in northern Ar- gentina 1 day before, (iii) a northerly low-level jet develops over Paraguay 2 days before, and (iv) a strong moisture flux convergence over southern Brazil becomes prominent 1 day before the episode. A parameter called rainfall quantity, defined as the product .of the area enclosed by the 50 mm day-' isohyet and the average rainfall intensity, is,correlated with fields of atmospheric variables such as 500-hPa geopotential and 850-hPa meridional winds. Significant lag correlations show that the anomalies of some atmospheric vari- ables could be viewed as precursors of heavy rainfall in southern Brazil that can be explored for use in improving the forecasts. -
Helmholtz Young Investigator Groups Our Offer Apply If You Have
Photo: The chestnut creative HELMHOLTZ YOUNG INVESTIGATOR GROUPS OUR OFFER APPLY IF YOU HAVE • Early scientific independence for • Between 2 and 6 years of research excellent postdoctoral researchers experience after your doctorate • Funding of at least € 300,000 p.a. for • International research experience six years to lead a research group • An exceptional scientific record • A permanent position in case of a positive midterm evaluation • An innovative research project in one of the research fields of the • Professional skills training by the Helmholtz Association Helmholtz Management Academy • Strong motivation to set up and • Close collaboration with a university, lead your own research group often as joint appointments “The Helmholtz Young Investigator Group program was a great way to start an independent group in a multidisciplinary research center and to establish myself within the field. It is a fantastic opportunity for going from a postdoc to becoming an established group leader.” Photo: DKFZ/Tobias Schwerdt aurelio teleman Head of Division/Professor German Cancer Research Center/University of Heidelberg Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Leader 2007 “Winning a prestigious Helmholtz Young Investigator Group has been a game changer for my academic career. Besides its high reputation, it offered me the opportunity to build up an interdisciplinary research group under exciting working environments – being involved in big satellite missions and academia at the same time.” Xiaoxiang ZHU Group Leader/Professor German Aerospace Center/Technical University of Munich Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Leader 2013 APPLICATION PROCEDURE THE HELMHOLTZ ASSOCIATION The Helmholtz Association is Germany’s largest 1. Please contact the Helmholtz Center that best fits research organization. -
An Introduction to DKFZ
An Introduction to DKFZ Otmar D. Wiestler Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg Page 1 DKFZ Locations on Campus Cancer Research @ DKFZ • Established in 1964 • National research center • Helmholtz association • Location on Heidelberg biomedical campus • Team of 3000 members • Funding from BMBF & BW • Coordination of national & international activities Helmholtz International Graduate School for Cancer Research • High quality, comprehensive, structured and interdisciplinary graduate training in cancer research • Vivid interaction with international partners (Karolinska, MDACC, WIS) • Cooperation with Universites and Helmholtz centers 450 graduate students National Reference Center for Cancer Information New and expanding research fields Cancer genome Epigenetics, Small regulatory RNAs Systems biology of cancer & modelling Angiogenesis Cancer stem cells Metabolic dysfunction & cancer Cancer immunotherapies Neurooncology High field MRI, molecular imaging Particle therapy, radiation biology Epidemiology, early detection & prevention Stem cells & Cancer • Cancers originate from somatic stem or progenitor cells • Cancer cells with stem cell properties control tumor growth and biology • Cancer stem cells serve as a reservoir for tumor progression and recurrence DKFZ Cancer Stem Cell Program Joint activity with the Dietmar-Hopp-Foundation Three HI-STEM Junior Research Groups Marieke Essers Michael Milsom Christoph Rösli Cancer Genome Consortium • High number of genomic alterations in cancer cells • Striking inter-individual variability -
A Research Giant Stays the Course
Germany index MICHAEL GUTSCHE/ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE WEGENER MICHAEL GUTSCHE/ALFRED Polarstern’s Arctic mission carried hundreds of scientists to perform climate research. cutting-edge research as well as teaching. Germany’s chancellor since 2005, Angela A research giant Merkel, a physicist before she was a politician, has continued a tradition of strong science funding. Under a pact between the federal stays the course government and the Länder (states), Germa- ny’s four major organizations (Helmholtz National bodies thrive under funding certainty, but Association, Max Planck Society, Fraunhofer Society and Leibniz Association) and its central some universities suffer cuts. By Hristio Boytchev research funding organization, the German Research Foundation (DFG), jointly funded by the two levels of government, enjoyed a guar- n October 2020 the colossal German such as the Polarstern expedition. Known as anteed annual research funding increase of 5% research icebreaker, Polarstern, docked in MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Obser- for the 10 years to 2015. The annual increase the city of Bremerhaven on the North Sea vatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), the from 2015 until 2030 is set at 3%. coast. The 118-metre vessel had spent most €140-million (US$165-million) international In June, the government introduced a €60-bil- of the largest-ever Arctic expedition locked collaboration involved researchers from lion stimulus package to shore up education, Iin a giant slab of moving sea ice. On board, hun- more than 80 institutions and 20 countries. research and innovation against the impact of dreds of researchers were carried thousands of The Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, COVID-19.