Hard Choices

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Hard Choices A MACDONALD-LAURIER INSTITUTE PUBLICATION October 2020 HARD CHOICES Why Canada needs a cohesive, consistent strategy towards Communist China August 2020 Andrew Pickford and Jerey F. Collins Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Inc., Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, McMaster University Montreal Erin Chutter Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones University of Guelph Executive Vice-President of the Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Canadian Federation of Independent President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein Business, Vancouver Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Jim Dinning MANAGING DIRECTOR Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Dornsife Dean’s Professor, SECRETARY David Emerson University of Southern California Corporate Director, Vancouver Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, TREASURER Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary Martin MacKinnon Prime Minister, Ottawa Larry Martin Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, DIRECTORS advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Inc. Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night Christopher Sands Affairs, Ottawa magazine, columnist with the National Senior Research Professor, Johns Blaine Favel Post, Ottawa Hopkins University CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, Wayne Gudbranson Elliot Tepper Saskatchewan CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson Colleen Mahoney School of International Affairs, Calvin Helin Carleton University Sole Principal, Committee Digest, Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, William Watson Toronto Vancouver Associate Professor of Economics, Jayson Myers David Mulroney McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Former Canadian Ambassador to China, Inc., Aberfoyle Toronto Dan Nowlan Peter John Nicholson Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Financial, Toronto Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Annapolis Royal Hon. Christian Paradis Co-founder and Senior advisor, Hon. Jim Peterson Global Development Solutions, Former federal cabinet minister, Montréal Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Gerry Protti Barry Sookman Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Calgary Toronto Vijay Sappani Jacquelyn Thayer Scott CEO, Ela Capital Inc., Toronto Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Sydney Veso Sobot Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Rob Wildeboer Group of Companies, Toronto Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Vaughan ForFor more more information information visit: visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Contents Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Foreword ................................................................................................................. 4 Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Inc., Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, McMaster University Executive Summary / Sommaire .................................................................... 6 Montreal Erin Chutter Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones University of Guelph Introduction .......................................................................................................... Executive Vice-President of the Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon 11 Canadian Federation of Independent President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein Business, Vancouver Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Jim Dinning Context and Background .................................................................................. 11 MANAGING DIRECTOR Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Dornsife Dean’s Professor, SECRETARY David Emerson University of Southern California Corporate Director, Vancouver Acceleration of Trends ..................................................................................... 22 Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary TREASURER Hard Choices and Bipartisan Consensus ................................................... 25 Martin MacKinnon Prime Minister, Ottawa Larry Martin Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, DIRECTORS advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 28 Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Inc. Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night Christopher Sands Affairs, Ottawa magazine, columnist with the National Senior Research Professor, Johns About the author ............................................................................................... 29 Blaine Favel Post, Ottawa Hopkins University CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, Wayne Gudbranson Elliot Tepper Saskatchewan CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson References ........................................................................................................... 30 Colleen Mahoney School of International Affairs, Calvin Helin Carleton University Sole Principal, Committee Digest, Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, William Watson Toronto Vancouver Endnotes ............................................................................................................... 37 Associate Professor of Economics, Jayson Myers David Mulroney McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Former Canadian Ambassador to China, Inc., Aberfoyle Toronto Dan Nowlan Peter John Nicholson Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Financial, Toronto Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Annapolis Royal Hon. Christian Paradis Co-founder and Senior advisor, Hon. Jim Peterson Global Development Solutions, Former federal cabinet minister, Montréal Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Cover photo credits: Shutterstock (globe, flag); L-R: Adam Scotti, PMO; Royal Canadian Navy (MCpl Kenny); Adam Scotti, PMO; Adam Scotti, PMO. Gerry Protti Barry Sookman Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Copyright © 2020 Macdonald-Laurier Institute. May be reproduced freely for non-profit and educational purposes. Calgary Toronto Vijay Sappani Jacquelyn Thayer Scott The authors of this document have worked independently and are solely responsible CEO, Ela Capital Inc., Toronto Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Sydney for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of the Veso Sobot Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Rob Wildeboer Group of Companies, Toronto Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Vaughan For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Foreword by Charles Burton his year marks the 50th anniversary of Canada’s establishment of diplo- T matic relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It was a time of great optimism over Canada’s emerging independent international identity in the wake of the exuberance following Canada’s Centennial celebrations in 1967. At the time, Pierre Elliott Trudeau and his cohort of Canadian nationalists saw relations with China as another means for Canada to break away from Canada’s post-colonial dependence on England and assert itself against the ever strengthening economic and cultural domination of the United States. Canada’s move to recognize China was all the more audacious as the US was still mired in a terrible war with Vietnam, in which American soldiers were being killed by Chinese supplied bullets and other weaponry. Canada lobbied hard for the People’s Republic of China to assume a perma- nent seat on the Security Council as a member of the United Nations over the objection of Washington. This was achieved the next year. Moreover, Trudeau expressed a great affection and respect for the governance of China by the Chinese Communist Party under Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. China was still in the throes of its decade-long Cultural Revolution, rife with violent death, massive scale destruction of antiquities and pervasive violation of all forms of rights and freedoms, but Trudeau did not appear to notice. Canada-China relations thrived until the horror of tanks crushing the bodies and aspirations for freedom and democracy at Tiananmen Square in 1989. For the 20th anniversary of Canada-China relations in October 1990, the Ca- nadian government directed that there be “no celebratory activities.” Now for the 50th anniversary, we are again faced with an anniversary for which there can be “no celebratory activities” – especially given China’s coercive bellig- 4 HARD CHOICES: WHY CANADA NEEDS A COHESIVE, CONSISTENT STRATEGY TOWARDS
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